annotate Include/object.h @ 32527:0da660e05e69 legacy-trunk

"#if WITH_THREAD" is incorrect; must be #ifdef instead; WITH_THREAD isn't always set to an integer value when it's defined.
author Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
date Wed, 07 Jul 2004 20:42:07 +0000
parents 059740d52ae5
children a1a9776fab53
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1 #ifndef Py_OBJECT_H
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2 #define Py_OBJECT_H
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3 #ifdef __cplusplus
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4 extern "C" {
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5 #endif
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6
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853b736a6a9e Added copyright notice.
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7
6
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8 /* Object and type object interface */
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9
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10 /*
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11 Objects are structures allocated on the heap. Special rules apply to
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12 the use of objects to ensure they are properly garbage-collected.
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13 Objects are never allocated statically or on the stack; they must be
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14 accessed through special macros and functions only. (Type objects are
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15 exceptions to the first rule; the standard types are represented by
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16 statically initialized type objects, although work on type/class unification
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17 for Python 2.2 made it possible to have heap-allocated type objects too).
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18
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19 An object has a 'reference count' that is increased or decreased when a
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20 pointer to the object is copied or deleted; when the reference count
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21 reaches zero there are no references to the object left and it can be
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22 removed from the heap.
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23
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24 An object has a 'type' that determines what it represents and what kind
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25 of data it contains. An object's type is fixed when it is created.
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26 Types themselves are represented as objects; an object contains a
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27 pointer to the corresponding type object. The type itself has a type
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28 pointer pointing to the object representing the type 'type', which
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29 contains a pointer to itself!).
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30
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31 Objects do not float around in memory; once allocated an object keeps
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32 the same size and address. Objects that must hold variable-size data
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33 can contain pointers to variable-size parts of the object. Not all
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34 objects of the same type have the same size; but the size cannot change
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35 after allocation. (These restrictions are made so a reference to an
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36 object can be simply a pointer -- moving an object would require
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37 updating all the pointers, and changing an object's size would require
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38 moving it if there was another object right next to it.)
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39
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40 Objects are always accessed through pointers of the type 'PyObject *'.
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41 The type 'PyObject' is a structure that only contains the reference count
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42 and the type pointer. The actual memory allocated for an object
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43 contains other data that can only be accessed after casting the pointer
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44 to a pointer to a longer structure type. This longer type must start
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45 with the reference count and type fields; the macro PyObject_HEAD should be
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46 used for this (to accommodate for future changes). The implementation
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47 of a particular object type can cast the object pointer to the proper
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48 type and back.
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49
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50 A standard interface exists for objects that contain an array of items
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51 whose size is determined when the object is allocated.
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52 */
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53
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54 /* Py_DEBUG implies Py_TRACE_REFS. */
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55 #if defined(Py_DEBUG) && !defined(Py_TRACE_REFS)
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56 #define Py_TRACE_REFS
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57 #endif
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58
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59 /* Py_TRACE_REFS implies Py_REF_DEBUG. */
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60 #if defined(Py_TRACE_REFS) && !defined(Py_REF_DEBUG)
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61 #define Py_REF_DEBUG
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62 #endif
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63
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64 #ifdef Py_TRACE_REFS
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65 /* Define pointers to support a doubly-linked list of all live heap objects. */
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66 #define _PyObject_HEAD_EXTRA \
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67 struct _object *_ob_next; \
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68 struct _object *_ob_prev;
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69
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70 #define _PyObject_EXTRA_INIT 0, 0,
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71
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72 #else
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73 #define _PyObject_HEAD_EXTRA
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74 #define _PyObject_EXTRA_INIT
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75 #endif
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76
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77 /* PyObject_HEAD defines the initial segment of every PyObject. */
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78 #define PyObject_HEAD \
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79 _PyObject_HEAD_EXTRA \
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80 int ob_refcnt; \
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81 struct _typeobject *ob_type;
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82
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83 #define PyObject_HEAD_INIT(type) \
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84 _PyObject_EXTRA_INIT \
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85 1, type,
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86
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87 /* PyObject_VAR_HEAD defines the initial segment of all variable-size
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88 * container objects. These end with a declaration of an array with 1
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89 * element, but enough space is malloc'ed so that the array actually
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90 * has room for ob_size elements. Note that ob_size is an element count,
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91 * not necessarily a byte count.
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92 */
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93 #define PyObject_VAR_HEAD \
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94 PyObject_HEAD \
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95 int ob_size; /* Number of items in variable part */
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96
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97 /* Nothing is actually declared to be a PyObject, but every pointer to
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98 * a Python object can be cast to a PyObject*. This is inheritance built
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99 * by hand. Similarly every pointer to a variable-size Python object can,
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100 * in addition, be cast to PyVarObject*.
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101 */
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102 typedef struct _object {
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103 PyObject_HEAD
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104 } PyObject;
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105
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106 typedef struct {
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107 PyObject_VAR_HEAD
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108 } PyVarObject;
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109
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110
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111 /*
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112 Type objects contain a string containing the type name (to help somewhat
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113 in debugging), the allocation parameters (see PyObject_New() and
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114 PyObject_NewVar()),
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115 and methods for accessing objects of the type. Methods are optional, a
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116 nil pointer meaning that particular kind of access is not available for
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117 this type. The Py_DECREF() macro uses the tp_dealloc method without
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118 checking for a nil pointer; it should always be implemented except if
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119 the implementation can guarantee that the reference count will never
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120 reach zero (e.g., for statically allocated type objects).
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121
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122 NB: the methods for certain type groups are now contained in separate
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123 method blocks.
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124 */
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125
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126 typedef PyObject * (*unaryfunc)(PyObject *);
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127 typedef PyObject * (*binaryfunc)(PyObject *, PyObject *);
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128 typedef PyObject * (*ternaryfunc)(PyObject *, PyObject *, PyObject *);
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129 typedef int (*inquiry)(PyObject *);
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130 typedef int (*coercion)(PyObject **, PyObject **);
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131 typedef PyObject *(*intargfunc)(PyObject *, int);
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132 typedef PyObject *(*intintargfunc)(PyObject *, int, int);
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133 typedef int(*intobjargproc)(PyObject *, int, PyObject *);
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134 typedef int(*intintobjargproc)(PyObject *, int, int, PyObject *);
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135 typedef int(*objobjargproc)(PyObject *, PyObject *, PyObject *);
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136 typedef int (*getreadbufferproc)(PyObject *, int, void **);
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137 typedef int (*getwritebufferproc)(PyObject *, int, void **);
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138 typedef int (*getsegcountproc)(PyObject *, int *);
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139 typedef int (*getcharbufferproc)(PyObject *, int, const char **);
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140 typedef int (*objobjproc)(PyObject *, PyObject *);
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141 typedef int (*visitproc)(PyObject *, void *);
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142 typedef int (*traverseproc)(PyObject *, visitproc, void *);
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143
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144 typedef struct {
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145 /* For numbers without flag bit Py_TPFLAGS_CHECKTYPES set, all
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146 arguments are guaranteed to be of the object's type (modulo
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147 coercion hacks -- i.e. if the type's coercion function
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148 returns other types, then these are allowed as well). Numbers that
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149 have the Py_TPFLAGS_CHECKTYPES flag bit set should check *both*
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150 arguments for proper type and implement the necessary conversions
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151 in the slot functions themselves. */
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152
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153 binaryfunc nb_add;
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154 binaryfunc nb_subtract;
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155 binaryfunc nb_multiply;
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156 binaryfunc nb_divide;
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157 binaryfunc nb_remainder;
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158 binaryfunc nb_divmod;
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159 ternaryfunc nb_power;
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160 unaryfunc nb_negative;
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161 unaryfunc nb_positive;
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162 unaryfunc nb_absolute;
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163 inquiry nb_nonzero;
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164 unaryfunc nb_invert;
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165 binaryfunc nb_lshift;
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166 binaryfunc nb_rshift;
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167 binaryfunc nb_and;
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168 binaryfunc nb_xor;
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169 binaryfunc nb_or;
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170 coercion nb_coerce;
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171 unaryfunc nb_int;
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172 unaryfunc nb_long;
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173 unaryfunc nb_float;
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174 unaryfunc nb_oct;
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175 unaryfunc nb_hex;
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176 /* Added in release 2.0 */
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177 binaryfunc nb_inplace_add;
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178 binaryfunc nb_inplace_subtract;
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179 binaryfunc nb_inplace_multiply;
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180 binaryfunc nb_inplace_divide;
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181 binaryfunc nb_inplace_remainder;
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182 ternaryfunc nb_inplace_power;
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183 binaryfunc nb_inplace_lshift;
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184 binaryfunc nb_inplace_rshift;
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185 binaryfunc nb_inplace_and;
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186 binaryfunc nb_inplace_xor;
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187 binaryfunc nb_inplace_or;
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188
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189 /* Added in release 2.2 */
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190 /* The following require the Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_CLASS flag */
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191 binaryfunc nb_floor_divide;
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192 binaryfunc nb_true_divide;
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193 binaryfunc nb_inplace_floor_divide;
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194 binaryfunc nb_inplace_true_divide;
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195 } PyNumberMethods;
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196
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197 typedef struct {
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198 inquiry sq_length;
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199 binaryfunc sq_concat;
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200 intargfunc sq_repeat;
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201 intargfunc sq_item;
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202 intintargfunc sq_slice;
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203 intobjargproc sq_ass_item;
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204 intintobjargproc sq_ass_slice;
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205 objobjproc sq_contains;
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206 /* Added in release 2.0 */
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207 binaryfunc sq_inplace_concat;
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208 intargfunc sq_inplace_repeat;
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209 } PySequenceMethods;
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210
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211 typedef struct {
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212 inquiry mp_length;
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213 binaryfunc mp_subscript;
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214 objobjargproc mp_ass_subscript;
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215 } PyMappingMethods;
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216
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217 typedef struct {
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218 getreadbufferproc bf_getreadbuffer;
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219 getwritebufferproc bf_getwritebuffer;
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220 getsegcountproc bf_getsegcount;
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221 getcharbufferproc bf_getcharbuffer;
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222 } PyBufferProcs;
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223
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224
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225 typedef void (*freefunc)(void *);
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226 typedef void (*destructor)(PyObject *);
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227 typedef int (*printfunc)(PyObject *, FILE *, int);
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228 typedef PyObject *(*getattrfunc)(PyObject *, char *);
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229 typedef PyObject *(*getattrofunc)(PyObject *, PyObject *);
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230 typedef int (*setattrfunc)(PyObject *, char *, PyObject *);
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231 typedef int (*setattrofunc)(PyObject *, PyObject *, PyObject *);
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232 typedef int (*cmpfunc)(PyObject *, PyObject *);
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233 typedef PyObject *(*reprfunc)(PyObject *);
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234 typedef long (*hashfunc)(PyObject *);
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235 typedef PyObject *(*richcmpfunc) (PyObject *, PyObject *, int);
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236 typedef PyObject *(*getiterfunc) (PyObject *);
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237 typedef PyObject *(*iternextfunc) (PyObject *);
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238 typedef PyObject *(*descrgetfunc) (PyObject *, PyObject *, PyObject *);
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239 typedef int (*descrsetfunc) (PyObject *, PyObject *, PyObject *);
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240 typedef int (*initproc)(PyObject *, PyObject *, PyObject *);
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241 typedef PyObject *(*newfunc)(struct _typeobject *, PyObject *, PyObject *);
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242 typedef PyObject *(*allocfunc)(struct _typeobject *, int);
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243
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244 typedef struct _typeobject {
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245 PyObject_VAR_HEAD
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246 char *tp_name; /* For printing, in format "<module>.<name>" */
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247 int tp_basicsize, tp_itemsize; /* For allocation */
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248
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249 /* Methods to implement standard operations */
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250
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251 destructor tp_dealloc;
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252 printfunc tp_print;
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253 getattrfunc tp_getattr;
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254 setattrfunc tp_setattr;
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255 cmpfunc tp_compare;
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256 reprfunc tp_repr;
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257
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258 /* Method suites for standard classes */
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259
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260 PyNumberMethods *tp_as_number;
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261 PySequenceMethods *tp_as_sequence;
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262 PyMappingMethods *tp_as_mapping;
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263
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264 /* More standard operations (here for binary compatibility) */
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265
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266 hashfunc tp_hash;
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267 ternaryfunc tp_call;
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268 reprfunc tp_str;
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269 getattrofunc tp_getattro;
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270 setattrofunc tp_setattro;
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271
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272 /* Functions to access object as input/output buffer */
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273 PyBufferProcs *tp_as_buffer;
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274
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275 /* Flags to define presence of optional/expanded features */
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276 long tp_flags;
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277
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278 char *tp_doc; /* Documentation string */
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279
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280 /* Assigned meaning in release 2.0 */
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281 /* call function for all accessible objects */
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282 traverseproc tp_traverse;
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283
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284 /* delete references to contained objects */
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285 inquiry tp_clear;
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286
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287 /* Assigned meaning in release 2.1 */
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288 /* rich comparisons */
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289 richcmpfunc tp_richcompare;
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290
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291 /* weak reference enabler */
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292 long tp_weaklistoffset;
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293
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294 /* Added in release 2.2 */
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295 /* Iterators */
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296 getiterfunc tp_iter;
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297 iternextfunc tp_iternext;
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298
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299 /* Attribute descriptor and subclassing stuff */
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300 struct PyMethodDef *tp_methods;
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301 struct PyMemberDef *tp_members;
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302 struct PyGetSetDef *tp_getset;
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303 struct _typeobject *tp_base;
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304 PyObject *tp_dict;
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305 descrgetfunc tp_descr_get;
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306 descrsetfunc tp_descr_set;
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307 long tp_dictoffset;
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308 initproc tp_init;
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309 allocfunc tp_alloc;
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310 newfunc tp_new;
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311 freefunc tp_free; /* Low-level free-memory routine */
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312 inquiry tp_is_gc; /* For PyObject_IS_GC */
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313 PyObject *tp_bases;
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314 PyObject *tp_mro; /* method resolution order */
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315 PyObject *tp_cache;
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316 PyObject *tp_subclasses;
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317 PyObject *tp_weaklist;
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318 destructor tp_del;
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319
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320 #ifdef COUNT_ALLOCS
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321 /* these must be last and never explicitly initialized */
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322 int tp_allocs;
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323 int tp_frees;
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324 int tp_maxalloc;
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325 struct _typeobject *tp_next;
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326 #endif
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327 } PyTypeObject;
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328
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329
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330 /* The *real* layout of a type object when allocated on the heap */
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331 typedef struct _heaptypeobject {
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332 /* Note: there's a dependency on the order of these members
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333 in slotptr() in typeobject.c . */
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334 PyTypeObject type;
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335 PyNumberMethods as_number;
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336 PyMappingMethods as_mapping;
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337 PySequenceMethods as_sequence; /* as_sequence comes after as_mapping,
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338 so that the mapping wins when both
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339 the mapping and the sequence define
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340 a given operator (e.g. __getitem__).
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341 see add_operators() in typeobject.c . */
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342 PyBufferProcs as_buffer;
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343 PyObject *name, *slots;
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344 /* here are optional user slots, followed by the members. */
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345 } PyHeapTypeObject;
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346
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347 /* access macro to the members which are floating "behind" the object */
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348 #define PyHeapType_GET_MEMBERS(etype) \
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349 ((PyMemberDef *)(((char *)etype) + (etype)->type.ob_type->tp_basicsize))
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350
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351
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352 /* Generic type check */
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353 PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyType_IsSubtype(PyTypeObject *, PyTypeObject *);
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354 #define PyObject_TypeCheck(ob, tp) \
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355 ((ob)->ob_type == (tp) || PyType_IsSubtype((ob)->ob_type, (tp)))
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356
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357 PyAPI_DATA(PyTypeObject) PyType_Type; /* built-in 'type' */
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358 PyAPI_DATA(PyTypeObject) PyBaseObject_Type; /* built-in 'object' */
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359 PyAPI_DATA(PyTypeObject) PySuper_Type; /* built-in 'super' */
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360
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361 #define PyType_Check(op) PyObject_TypeCheck(op, &PyType_Type)
20725
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362 #define PyType_CheckExact(op) ((op)->ob_type == &PyType_Type)
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363
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364 PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyType_Ready(PyTypeObject *);
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365 PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyType_GenericAlloc(PyTypeObject *, int);
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366 PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyType_GenericNew(PyTypeObject *,
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367 PyObject *, PyObject *);
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368 PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) _PyType_Lookup(PyTypeObject *, PyObject *);
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369
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370 /* Generic operations on objects */
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371 PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyObject_Print(PyObject *, FILE *, int);
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372 PyAPI_FUNC(void) _PyObject_Dump(PyObject *);
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373 PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyObject_Repr(PyObject *);
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374 PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyObject_Str(PyObject *);
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375 #ifdef Py_USING_UNICODE
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376 PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyObject_Unicode(PyObject *);
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377 #endif
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378 PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyObject_Compare(PyObject *, PyObject *);
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379 PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyObject_RichCompare(PyObject *, PyObject *, int);
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380 PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyObject_RichCompareBool(PyObject *, PyObject *, int);
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381 PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyObject_GetAttrString(PyObject *, char *);
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382 PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyObject_SetAttrString(PyObject *, char *, PyObject *);
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383 PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyObject_HasAttrString(PyObject *, char *);
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384 PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyObject_GetAttr(PyObject *, PyObject *);
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385 PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyObject_SetAttr(PyObject *, PyObject *, PyObject *);
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386 PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyObject_HasAttr(PyObject *, PyObject *);
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387 PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject **) _PyObject_GetDictPtr(PyObject *);
28320
fd5ef7003469 Renamed PyObject_GenericGetIter to PyObject_SelfIter
Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com>
parents: 28308
diff changeset
388 PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyObject_SelfIter(PyObject *);
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389 PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyObject_GenericGetAttr(PyObject *, PyObject *);
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390 PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyObject_GenericSetAttr(PyObject *,
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391 PyObject *, PyObject *);
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392 PyAPI_FUNC(long) PyObject_Hash(PyObject *);
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393 PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyObject_IsTrue(PyObject *);
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394 PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyObject_Not(PyObject *);
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395 PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyCallable_Check(PyObject *);
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396 PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyNumber_Coerce(PyObject **, PyObject **);
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397 PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyNumber_CoerceEx(PyObject **, PyObject **);
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398
24420
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diff changeset
399 PyAPI_FUNC(void) PyObject_ClearWeakRefs(PyObject *);
16385
1fb6672b20ef PEP 205, Weak References -- initial checkin.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 16235
diff changeset
400
19970
f761cab28c1c Hopefully fix 3-way comparisons. This unfortunately adds yet another
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 19705
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401 /* A slot function whose address we need to compare */
f761cab28c1c Hopefully fix 3-way comparisons. This unfortunately adds yet another
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 19705
diff changeset
402 extern int _PyObject_SlotCompare(PyObject *, PyObject *);
f761cab28c1c Hopefully fix 3-way comparisons. This unfortunately adds yet another
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 19705
diff changeset
403
f761cab28c1c Hopefully fix 3-way comparisons. This unfortunately adds yet another
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 19705
diff changeset
404
19705
b7f6fbc087a7 At Guido's suggestion, here's a new C API function, PyObject_Dir(), like
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 19576
diff changeset
405 /* PyObject_Dir(obj) acts like Python __builtin__.dir(obj), returning a
b7f6fbc087a7 At Guido's suggestion, here's a new C API function, PyObject_Dir(), like
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 19576
diff changeset
406 list of strings. PyObject_Dir(NULL) is like __builtin__.dir(),
b7f6fbc087a7 At Guido's suggestion, here's a new C API function, PyObject_Dir(), like
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 19576
diff changeset
407 returning the names of the current locals. In this case, if there are
b7f6fbc087a7 At Guido's suggestion, here's a new C API function, PyObject_Dir(), like
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 19576
diff changeset
408 no current locals, NULL is returned, and PyErr_Occurred() is false.
b7f6fbc087a7 At Guido's suggestion, here's a new C API function, PyObject_Dir(), like
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 19576
diff changeset
409 */
24420
36e2fd3f08f7 Excise DL_IMPORT/EXPORT from object.h, and related files. This patch
Mark Hammond <mhammond@skippinet.com.au>
parents: 24280
diff changeset
410 PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyObject_Dir(PyObject *);
19705
b7f6fbc087a7 At Guido's suggestion, here's a new C API function, PyObject_Dir(), like
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 19576
diff changeset
411
b7f6fbc087a7 At Guido's suggestion, here's a new C API function, PyObject_Dir(), like
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 19576
diff changeset
412
7983
068303f925ea Add prototypes for Py_Repr{Enter,Leave}.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 7935
diff changeset
413 /* Helpers for printing recursive container types */
24420
36e2fd3f08f7 Excise DL_IMPORT/EXPORT from object.h, and related files. This patch
Mark Hammond <mhammond@skippinet.com.au>
parents: 24280
diff changeset
414 PyAPI_FUNC(int) Py_ReprEnter(PyObject *);
36e2fd3f08f7 Excise DL_IMPORT/EXPORT from object.h, and related files. This patch
Mark Hammond <mhammond@skippinet.com.au>
parents: 24280
diff changeset
415 PyAPI_FUNC(void) Py_ReprLeave(PyObject *);
7983
068303f925ea Add prototypes for Py_Repr{Enter,Leave}.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 7935
diff changeset
416
13141
cca84745da3e This patch addresses two main issues: (1) There exist some non-fatal
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 12993
diff changeset
417 /* Helpers for hash functions */
24420
36e2fd3f08f7 Excise DL_IMPORT/EXPORT from object.h, and related files. This patch
Mark Hammond <mhammond@skippinet.com.au>
parents: 24280
diff changeset
418 PyAPI_FUNC(long) _Py_HashDouble(double);
36e2fd3f08f7 Excise DL_IMPORT/EXPORT from object.h, and related files. This patch
Mark Hammond <mhammond@skippinet.com.au>
parents: 24280
diff changeset
419 PyAPI_FUNC(long) _Py_HashPointer(void*);
13141
cca84745da3e This patch addresses two main issues: (1) There exist some non-fatal
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 12993
diff changeset
420
16394
f700e6b8de1f Undo recent change that banned using import to bind a global, as per
Jeremy Hylton <jeremy@alum.mit.edu>
parents: 16385
diff changeset
421 /* Helper for passing objects to printf and the like */
f700e6b8de1f Undo recent change that banned using import to bind a global, as per
Jeremy Hylton <jeremy@alum.mit.edu>
parents: 16385
diff changeset
422 #define PyObject_REPR(obj) PyString_AS_STRING(PyObject_Repr(obj))
f700e6b8de1f Undo recent change that banned using import to bind a global, as per
Jeremy Hylton <jeremy@alum.mit.edu>
parents: 16385
diff changeset
423
6
fc6fcd7df4f7 Initial revision
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
424 /* Flag bits for printing: */
2129
05360cd616ae The great renaming, phase two: all header files have been updated to
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 2071
diff changeset
425 #define Py_PRINT_RAW 1 /* No string quotes etc. */
6
fc6fcd7df4f7 Initial revision
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
426
fc6fcd7df4f7 Initial revision
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
427 /*
24126
fdf80e04e4bb Rearranged and added comments to object.h, to clarify many things
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24122
diff changeset
428 `Type flags (tp_flags)
9304
cc3e14837379 Changes by Greg Stein (code) and GvR (design).
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 8124
diff changeset
429
cc3e14837379 Changes by Greg Stein (code) and GvR (design).
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 8124
diff changeset
430 These flags are used to extend the type structure in a backwards-compatible
cc3e14837379 Changes by Greg Stein (code) and GvR (design).
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 8124
diff changeset
431 fashion. Extensions can use the flags to indicate (and test) when a given
cc3e14837379 Changes by Greg Stein (code) and GvR (design).
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 8124
diff changeset
432 type structure contains a new feature. The Python core will use these when
cc3e14837379 Changes by Greg Stein (code) and GvR (design).
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 8124
diff changeset
433 introducing new functionality between major revisions (to avoid mid-version
cc3e14837379 Changes by Greg Stein (code) and GvR (design).
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 8124
diff changeset
434 changes in the PYTHON_API_VERSION).
cc3e14837379 Changes by Greg Stein (code) and GvR (design).
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 8124
diff changeset
435
cc3e14837379 Changes by Greg Stein (code) and GvR (design).
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 8124
diff changeset
436 Arbitration of the flag bit positions will need to be coordinated among
cc3e14837379 Changes by Greg Stein (code) and GvR (design).
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 8124
diff changeset
437 all extension writers who publically release their extensions (this will
cc3e14837379 Changes by Greg Stein (code) and GvR (design).
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 8124
diff changeset
438 be fewer than you might expect!)..
cc3e14837379 Changes by Greg Stein (code) and GvR (design).
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 8124
diff changeset
439
cc3e14837379 Changes by Greg Stein (code) and GvR (design).
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 8124
diff changeset
440 Python 1.5.2 introduced the bf_getcharbuffer slot into PyBufferProcs.
cc3e14837379 Changes by Greg Stein (code) and GvR (design).
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 8124
diff changeset
441
cc3e14837379 Changes by Greg Stein (code) and GvR (design).
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 8124
diff changeset
442 Type definitions should use Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT for their tp_flags value.
cc3e14837379 Changes by Greg Stein (code) and GvR (design).
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 8124
diff changeset
443
cc3e14837379 Changes by Greg Stein (code) and GvR (design).
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 8124
diff changeset
444 Code can use PyType_HasFeature(type_ob, flag_value) to test whether the
cc3e14837379 Changes by Greg Stein (code) and GvR (design).
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 8124
diff changeset
445 given type object has a specified feature.
cc3e14837379 Changes by Greg Stein (code) and GvR (design).
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 8124
diff changeset
446 */
cc3e14837379 Changes by Greg Stein (code) and GvR (design).
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 8124
diff changeset
447
cc3e14837379 Changes by Greg Stein (code) and GvR (design).
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 8124
diff changeset
448 /* PyBufferProcs contains bf_getcharbuffer */
cc3e14837379 Changes by Greg Stein (code) and GvR (design).
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 8124
diff changeset
449 #define Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GETCHARBUFFER (1L<<0)
cc3e14837379 Changes by Greg Stein (code) and GvR (design).
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 8124
diff changeset
450
11867
06104bcf06a6 Patch by Mozhe Zadka, for __contains__ (overloading 'in'). This adds
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 11673
diff changeset
451 /* PySequenceMethods contains sq_contains */
06104bcf06a6 Patch by Mozhe Zadka, for __contains__ (overloading 'in'). This adds
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 11673
diff changeset
452 #define Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_SEQUENCE_IN (1L<<1)
06104bcf06a6 Patch by Mozhe Zadka, for __contains__ (overloading 'in'). This adds
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 11673
diff changeset
453
19576
b67309407cfc Change the GC type flag since the API has changed. Allow types using
Neil Schemenauer <nascheme@enme.ucalgary.ca>
parents: 19470
diff changeset
454 /* This is here for backwards compatibility. Extensions that use the old GC
b67309407cfc Change the GC type flag since the API has changed. Allow types using
Neil Schemenauer <nascheme@enme.ucalgary.ca>
parents: 19470
diff changeset
455 * API will still compile but the objects will not be tracked by the GC. */
b67309407cfc Change the GC type flag since the API has changed. Allow types using
Neil Schemenauer <nascheme@enme.ucalgary.ca>
parents: 19470
diff changeset
456 #define Py_TPFLAGS_GC 0 /* used to be (1L<<2) */
12993
8f79c5b69e0a part 2 of Neil Schemenauer's GC patches:
Jeremy Hylton <jeremy@alum.mit.edu>
parents: 12990
diff changeset
457
14162
27d7d89c774b The real suport for augmented assignment: new opcodes, new PyNumber and
Thomas Wouters <thomas@python.org>
parents: 13620
diff changeset
458 /* PySequenceMethods and PyNumberMethods contain in-place operators */
27d7d89c774b The real suport for augmented assignment: new opcodes, new PyNumber and
Thomas Wouters <thomas@python.org>
parents: 13620
diff changeset
459 #define Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_INPLACEOPS (1L<<3)
27d7d89c774b The real suport for augmented assignment: new opcodes, new PyNumber and
Thomas Wouters <thomas@python.org>
parents: 13620
diff changeset
460
15716
362e53f43dd2 - Add nb_cmp slot for new style nubmers.
Neil Schemenauer <nascheme@enme.ucalgary.ca>
parents: 14497
diff changeset
461 /* PyNumberMethods do their own coercion */
15938
8fd221aed357 Introduction to rich comparisons:
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 15716
diff changeset
462 #define Py_TPFLAGS_CHECKTYPES (1L<<4)
15716
362e53f43dd2 - Add nb_cmp slot for new style nubmers.
Neil Schemenauer <nascheme@enme.ucalgary.ca>
parents: 14497
diff changeset
463
17597
32e7d0898eab Iterators phase 1. This comprises:
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 16768
diff changeset
464 /* tp_richcompare is defined */
16235
5c60184f7f52 Add a flag to indicate the presence of the tp_richcompare field, and
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 16195
diff changeset
465 #define Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_RICHCOMPARE (1L<<5)
5c60184f7f52 Add a flag to indicate the presence of the tp_richcompare field, and
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 16195
diff changeset
466
16420
38204093d9c9 Use a type flag to determine the applicability of the tp_weaklistoffset
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 16394
diff changeset
467 /* Objects which are weakly referencable if their tp_weaklistoffset is >0 */
38204093d9c9 Use a type flag to determine the applicability of the tp_weaklistoffset
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 16394
diff changeset
468 #define Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_WEAKREFS (1L<<6)
38204093d9c9 Use a type flag to determine the applicability of the tp_weaklistoffset
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 16394
diff changeset
469
17597
32e7d0898eab Iterators phase 1. This comprises:
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 16768
diff changeset
470 /* tp_iter is defined */
32e7d0898eab Iterators phase 1. This comprises:
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 16768
diff changeset
471 #define Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_ITER (1L<<7)
32e7d0898eab Iterators phase 1. This comprises:
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 16768
diff changeset
472
19051
f20727cc3d0f Implement PEP 238 in its (almost) full glory.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 19040
diff changeset
473 /* New members introduced by Python 2.2 exist */
18933
09df3254b49d Merge of descr-branch back into trunk.
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 17617
diff changeset
474 #define Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_CLASS (1L<<8)
09df3254b49d Merge of descr-branch back into trunk.
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 17617
diff changeset
475
09df3254b49d Merge of descr-branch back into trunk.
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 17617
diff changeset
476 /* Set if the type object is dynamically allocated */
09df3254b49d Merge of descr-branch back into trunk.
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 17617
diff changeset
477 #define Py_TPFLAGS_HEAPTYPE (1L<<9)
09df3254b49d Merge of descr-branch back into trunk.
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 17617
diff changeset
478
09df3254b49d Merge of descr-branch back into trunk.
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 17617
diff changeset
479 /* Set if the type allows subclassing */
09df3254b49d Merge of descr-branch back into trunk.
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 17617
diff changeset
480 #define Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE (1L<<10)
09df3254b49d Merge of descr-branch back into trunk.
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 17617
diff changeset
481
19134
d98121930e70 Add new flags for PyType_Ready(): READY to explicitly indicate the
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 19051
diff changeset
482 /* Set if the type is 'ready' -- fully initialized */
d98121930e70 Add new flags for PyType_Ready(): READY to explicitly indicate the
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 19051
diff changeset
483 #define Py_TPFLAGS_READY (1L<<12)
d98121930e70 Add new flags for PyType_Ready(): READY to explicitly indicate the
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 19051
diff changeset
484
d98121930e70 Add new flags for PyType_Ready(): READY to explicitly indicate the
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 19051
diff changeset
485 /* Set while the type is being 'readied', to prevent recursive ready calls */
d98121930e70 Add new flags for PyType_Ready(): READY to explicitly indicate the
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 19051
diff changeset
486 #define Py_TPFLAGS_READYING (1L<<13)
d98121930e70 Add new flags for PyType_Ready(): READY to explicitly indicate the
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 19051
diff changeset
487
19576
b67309407cfc Change the GC type flag since the API has changed. Allow types using
Neil Schemenauer <nascheme@enme.ucalgary.ca>
parents: 19470
diff changeset
488 /* Objects support garbage collection (see objimp.h) */
b67309407cfc Change the GC type flag since the API has changed. Allow types using
Neil Schemenauer <nascheme@enme.ucalgary.ca>
parents: 19470
diff changeset
489 #define Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC (1L<<14)
b67309407cfc Change the GC type flag since the API has changed. Allow types using
Neil Schemenauer <nascheme@enme.ucalgary.ca>
parents: 19470
diff changeset
490
29245
ca0c8137de84 After Raymond's remark, I changed the Stackless bits to
Christian Tismer <tismer@stackless.com>
parents: 29240
diff changeset
491 /* These two bits are preserved for Stackless Python, next after this is 16 */
29184
9aa06cbd9cc1 Preserved one bit in type objects for Stackless.
Christian Tismer <tismer@stackless.com>
parents: 28653
diff changeset
492 #ifdef STACKLESS
29245
ca0c8137de84 After Raymond's remark, I changed the Stackless bits to
Christian Tismer <tismer@stackless.com>
parents: 29240
diff changeset
493 #define Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_STACKLESS_EXTENSION (3L<<15)
29184
9aa06cbd9cc1 Preserved one bit in type objects for Stackless.
Christian Tismer <tismer@stackless.com>
parents: 28653
diff changeset
494 #else
29240
e721025cca09 Generalized my type flags structure extension without being specific about
Christian Tismer <tismer@stackless.com>
parents: 29184
diff changeset
495 #define Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_STACKLESS_EXTENSION 0
29184
9aa06cbd9cc1 Preserved one bit in type objects for Stackless.
Christian Tismer <tismer@stackless.com>
parents: 28653
diff changeset
496 #endif
9aa06cbd9cc1 Preserved one bit in type objects for Stackless.
Christian Tismer <tismer@stackless.com>
parents: 28653
diff changeset
497
16235
5c60184f7f52 Add a flag to indicate the presence of the tp_richcompare field, and
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 16195
diff changeset
498 #define Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT ( \
5c60184f7f52 Add a flag to indicate the presence of the tp_richcompare field, and
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 16195
diff changeset
499 Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GETCHARBUFFER | \
14162
27d7d89c774b The real suport for augmented assignment: new opcodes, new PyNumber and
Thomas Wouters <thomas@python.org>
parents: 13620
diff changeset
500 Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_SEQUENCE_IN | \
16235
5c60184f7f52 Add a flag to indicate the presence of the tp_richcompare field, and
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 16195
diff changeset
501 Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_INPLACEOPS | \
5c60184f7f52 Add a flag to indicate the presence of the tp_richcompare field, and
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 16195
diff changeset
502 Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_RICHCOMPARE | \
16420
38204093d9c9 Use a type flag to determine the applicability of the tp_weaklistoffset
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 16394
diff changeset
503 Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_WEAKREFS | \
17597
32e7d0898eab Iterators phase 1. This comprises:
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 16768
diff changeset
504 Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_ITER | \
18933
09df3254b49d Merge of descr-branch back into trunk.
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 17617
diff changeset
505 Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_CLASS | \
29240
e721025cca09 Generalized my type flags structure extension without being specific about
Christian Tismer <tismer@stackless.com>
parents: 29184
diff changeset
506 Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_STACKLESS_EXTENSION | \
16235
5c60184f7f52 Add a flag to indicate the presence of the tp_richcompare field, and
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 16195
diff changeset
507 0)
9304
cc3e14837379 Changes by Greg Stein (code) and GvR (design).
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 8124
diff changeset
508
cc3e14837379 Changes by Greg Stein (code) and GvR (design).
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 8124
diff changeset
509 #define PyType_HasFeature(t,f) (((t)->tp_flags & (f)) != 0)
cc3e14837379 Changes by Greg Stein (code) and GvR (design).
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 8124
diff changeset
510
cc3e14837379 Changes by Greg Stein (code) and GvR (design).
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 8124
diff changeset
511
cc3e14837379 Changes by Greg Stein (code) and GvR (design).
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 8124
diff changeset
512 /*
2129
05360cd616ae The great renaming, phase two: all header files have been updated to
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 2071
diff changeset
513 The macros Py_INCREF(op) and Py_DECREF(op) are used to increment or decrement
24126
fdf80e04e4bb Rearranged and added comments to object.h, to clarify many things
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24122
diff changeset
514 reference counts. Py_DECREF calls the object's deallocator function when
fdf80e04e4bb Rearranged and added comments to object.h, to clarify many things
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24122
diff changeset
515 the refcount falls to 0; for
6
fc6fcd7df4f7 Initial revision
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
516 objects that don't contain references to other objects or heap memory
fc6fcd7df4f7 Initial revision
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
517 this can be the standard function free(). Both macros can be used
24126
fdf80e04e4bb Rearranged and added comments to object.h, to clarify many things
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24122
diff changeset
518 wherever a void expression is allowed. The argument must not be a
fdf80e04e4bb Rearranged and added comments to object.h, to clarify many things
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24122
diff changeset
519 NIL pointer. If it may be NIL, use Py_XINCREF/Py_XDECREF instead.
fdf80e04e4bb Rearranged and added comments to object.h, to clarify many things
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24122
diff changeset
520 The macro _Py_NewReference(op) initialize reference counts to 1, and
fdf80e04e4bb Rearranged and added comments to object.h, to clarify many things
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24122
diff changeset
521 in special builds (Py_REF_DEBUG, Py_TRACE_REFS) performs additional
fdf80e04e4bb Rearranged and added comments to object.h, to clarify many things
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24122
diff changeset
522 bookkeeping appropriate to the special build.
6
fc6fcd7df4f7 Initial revision
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
523
fc6fcd7df4f7 Initial revision
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
524 We assume that the reference count field can never overflow; this can
24126
fdf80e04e4bb Rearranged and added comments to object.h, to clarify many things
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24122
diff changeset
525 be proven when the size of the field is the same as the pointer size, so
fdf80e04e4bb Rearranged and added comments to object.h, to clarify many things
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24122
diff changeset
526 we ignore the possibility. Provided a C int is at least 32 bits (which
fdf80e04e4bb Rearranged and added comments to object.h, to clarify many things
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24122
diff changeset
527 is implicitly assumed in many parts of this code), that's enough for
fdf80e04e4bb Rearranged and added comments to object.h, to clarify many things
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24122
diff changeset
528 about 2**31 references to an object.
6
fc6fcd7df4f7 Initial revision
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
529
24126
fdf80e04e4bb Rearranged and added comments to object.h, to clarify many things
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24122
diff changeset
530 XXX The following became out of date in Python 2.2, but I'm not sure
fdf80e04e4bb Rearranged and added comments to object.h, to clarify many things
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24122
diff changeset
531 XXX what the full truth is now. Certainly, heap-allocated type objects
fdf80e04e4bb Rearranged and added comments to object.h, to clarify many things
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24122
diff changeset
532 XXX can and should be deallocated.
6
fc6fcd7df4f7 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
533 Type objects should never be deallocated; the type pointer in an object
fc6fcd7df4f7 Initial revision
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
534 is not considered to be a reference to the type object, to save
fc6fcd7df4f7 Initial revision
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
535 complications in the deallocation function. (This is actually a
fc6fcd7df4f7 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
536 decision that's up to the implementer of each new type so if you want,
fc6fcd7df4f7 Initial revision
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
537 you can count such references to the type object.)
fc6fcd7df4f7 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
538
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539 *** WARNING*** The Py_DECREF macro must have a side-effect-free argument
6
fc6fcd7df4f7 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
540 since it may evaluate its argument multiple times. (The alternative
fc6fcd7df4f7 Initial revision
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
541 would be to mace it a proper function or assign it to a global temporary
fc6fcd7df4f7 Initial revision
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parents:
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542 variable first, both of which are slower; and in a multi-threaded
fc6fcd7df4f7 Initial revision
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parents:
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543 environment the global variable trick is not safe.)
fc6fcd7df4f7 Initial revision
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544 */
fc6fcd7df4f7 Initial revision
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
545
24184
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parents: 24171
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546 /* First define a pile of simple helper macros, one set per special
c4dcb80f48ea object.h special-build macro minefield: renamed all the new lexical
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parents: 24171
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547 * build symbol. These either expand to the obvious things, or to
c4dcb80f48ea object.h special-build macro minefield: renamed all the new lexical
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parents: 24171
diff changeset
548 * nothing at all when the special mode isn't in effect. The main
c4dcb80f48ea object.h special-build macro minefield: renamed all the new lexical
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24171
diff changeset
549 * macros can later be defined just once then, yet expand to different
c4dcb80f48ea object.h special-build macro minefield: renamed all the new lexical
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24171
diff changeset
550 * things depending on which special build options are and aren't in effect.
c4dcb80f48ea object.h special-build macro minefield: renamed all the new lexical
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24171
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551 * Trust me <wink>: while painful, this is 20x easier to understand than,
c4dcb80f48ea object.h special-build macro minefield: renamed all the new lexical
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24171
diff changeset
552 * e.g, defining _Py_NewReference five different times in a maze of nested
c4dcb80f48ea object.h special-build macro minefield: renamed all the new lexical
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parents: 24171
diff changeset
553 * #ifdefs (we used to do that -- it was impenetrable).
c4dcb80f48ea object.h special-build macro minefield: renamed all the new lexical
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parents: 24171
diff changeset
554 */
24126
fdf80e04e4bb Rearranged and added comments to object.h, to clarify many things
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24122
diff changeset
555 #ifdef Py_REF_DEBUG
24420
36e2fd3f08f7 Excise DL_IMPORT/EXPORT from object.h, and related files. This patch
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556 PyAPI_DATA(long) _Py_RefTotal;
36e2fd3f08f7 Excise DL_IMPORT/EXPORT from object.h, and related files. This patch
Mark Hammond <mhammond@skippinet.com.au>
parents: 24280
diff changeset
557 PyAPI_FUNC(void) _Py_NegativeRefcount(const char *fname,
24155
9456a2ccda61 The Py_REF_DEBUG/COUNT_ALLOCS/Py_TRACE_REFS macro minefield: added
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
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diff changeset
558 int lineno, PyObject *op);
24184
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559 #define _Py_INC_REFTOTAL _Py_RefTotal++
c4dcb80f48ea object.h special-build macro minefield: renamed all the new lexical
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parents: 24171
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560 #define _Py_DEC_REFTOTAL _Py_RefTotal--
c4dcb80f48ea object.h special-build macro minefield: renamed all the new lexical
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561 #define _Py_REF_DEBUG_COMMA ,
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562 #define _Py_CHECK_REFCNT(OP) \
24155
9456a2ccda61 The Py_REF_DEBUG/COUNT_ALLOCS/Py_TRACE_REFS macro minefield: added
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24126
diff changeset
563 { if ((OP)->ob_refcnt < 0) \
9456a2ccda61 The Py_REF_DEBUG/COUNT_ALLOCS/Py_TRACE_REFS macro minefield: added
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parents: 24126
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564 _Py_NegativeRefcount(__FILE__, __LINE__, \
9456a2ccda61 The Py_REF_DEBUG/COUNT_ALLOCS/Py_TRACE_REFS macro minefield: added
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565 (PyObject *)(OP)); \
9456a2ccda61 The Py_REF_DEBUG/COUNT_ALLOCS/Py_TRACE_REFS macro minefield: added
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24126
diff changeset
566 }
24126
fdf80e04e4bb Rearranged and added comments to object.h, to clarify many things
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diff changeset
567 #else
24184
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Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24171
diff changeset
568 #define _Py_INC_REFTOTAL
c4dcb80f48ea object.h special-build macro minefield: renamed all the new lexical
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24171
diff changeset
569 #define _Py_DEC_REFTOTAL
c4dcb80f48ea object.h special-build macro minefield: renamed all the new lexical
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24171
diff changeset
570 #define _Py_REF_DEBUG_COMMA
c4dcb80f48ea object.h special-build macro minefield: renamed all the new lexical
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parents: 24171
diff changeset
571 #define _Py_CHECK_REFCNT(OP) /* a semicolon */;
24171
5e4b8d1e9fd6 Uglified the new Py_REF_DEBUG (etc) lexical helper macro definitions so
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24155
diff changeset
572 #endif /* Py_REF_DEBUG */
6
fc6fcd7df4f7 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
573
1347
a22a350d3a5d * Extended X interface: pixmap objects, colormap objects visual objects,
Sjoerd Mullender <sjoerd@acm.org>
parents: 1329
diff changeset
574 #ifdef COUNT_ALLOCS
24420
36e2fd3f08f7 Excise DL_IMPORT/EXPORT from object.h, and related files. This patch
Mark Hammond <mhammond@skippinet.com.au>
parents: 24280
diff changeset
575 PyAPI_FUNC(void) inc_count(PyTypeObject *);
24184
c4dcb80f48ea object.h special-build macro minefield: renamed all the new lexical
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24171
diff changeset
576 #define _Py_INC_TPALLOCS(OP) inc_count((OP)->ob_type)
c4dcb80f48ea object.h special-build macro minefield: renamed all the new lexical
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24171
diff changeset
577 #define _Py_INC_TPFREES(OP) (OP)->ob_type->tp_frees++
c4dcb80f48ea object.h special-build macro minefield: renamed all the new lexical
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24171
diff changeset
578 #define _Py_DEC_TPFREES(OP) (OP)->ob_type->tp_frees--
c4dcb80f48ea object.h special-build macro minefield: renamed all the new lexical
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24171
diff changeset
579 #define _Py_COUNT_ALLOCS_COMMA ,
24126
fdf80e04e4bb Rearranged and added comments to object.h, to clarify many things
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24122
diff changeset
580 #else
24184
c4dcb80f48ea object.h special-build macro minefield: renamed all the new lexical
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24171
diff changeset
581 #define _Py_INC_TPALLOCS(OP)
c4dcb80f48ea object.h special-build macro minefield: renamed all the new lexical
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24171
diff changeset
582 #define _Py_INC_TPFREES(OP)
c4dcb80f48ea object.h special-build macro minefield: renamed all the new lexical
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24171
diff changeset
583 #define _Py_DEC_TPFREES(OP)
c4dcb80f48ea object.h special-build macro minefield: renamed all the new lexical
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24171
diff changeset
584 #define _Py_COUNT_ALLOCS_COMMA
24171
5e4b8d1e9fd6 Uglified the new Py_REF_DEBUG (etc) lexical helper macro definitions so
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24155
diff changeset
585 #endif /* COUNT_ALLOCS */
1347
a22a350d3a5d * Extended X interface: pixmap objects, colormap objects visual objects,
Sjoerd Mullender <sjoerd@acm.org>
parents: 1329
diff changeset
586
24126
fdf80e04e4bb Rearranged and added comments to object.h, to clarify many things
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24122
diff changeset
587 #ifdef Py_TRACE_REFS
fdf80e04e4bb Rearranged and added comments to object.h, to clarify many things
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24122
diff changeset
588 /* Py_TRACE_REFS is such major surgery that we call external routines. */
24420
36e2fd3f08f7 Excise DL_IMPORT/EXPORT from object.h, and related files. This patch
Mark Hammond <mhammond@skippinet.com.au>
parents: 24280
diff changeset
589 PyAPI_FUNC(void) _Py_NewReference(PyObject *);
36e2fd3f08f7 Excise DL_IMPORT/EXPORT from object.h, and related files. This patch
Mark Hammond <mhammond@skippinet.com.au>
parents: 24280
diff changeset
590 PyAPI_FUNC(void) _Py_ForgetReference(PyObject *);
36e2fd3f08f7 Excise DL_IMPORT/EXPORT from object.h, and related files. This patch
Mark Hammond <mhammond@skippinet.com.au>
parents: 24280
diff changeset
591 PyAPI_FUNC(void) _Py_Dealloc(PyObject *);
36e2fd3f08f7 Excise DL_IMPORT/EXPORT from object.h, and related files. This patch
Mark Hammond <mhammond@skippinet.com.au>
parents: 24280
diff changeset
592 PyAPI_FUNC(void) _Py_PrintReferences(FILE *);
28653
56006d97bcef _Py_PrintReferences(): Changed to print object address at start of each
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 28396
diff changeset
593 PyAPI_FUNC(void) _Py_PrintReferenceAddresses(FILE *);
28396
d56282c28a1e Improved new Py_TRACE_REFS gimmicks.
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 28389
diff changeset
594 PyAPI_FUNC(void) _Py_AddToAllObjects(PyObject *, int force);
24126
fdf80e04e4bb Rearranged and added comments to object.h, to clarify many things
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24122
diff changeset
595
fdf80e04e4bb Rearranged and added comments to object.h, to clarify many things
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24122
diff changeset
596 #else
fdf80e04e4bb Rearranged and added comments to object.h, to clarify many things
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24122
diff changeset
597 /* Without Py_TRACE_REFS, there's little enough to do that we expand code
fdf80e04e4bb Rearranged and added comments to object.h, to clarify many things
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24122
diff changeset
598 * inline.
fdf80e04e4bb Rearranged and added comments to object.h, to clarify many things
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24122
diff changeset
599 */
24184
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Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24171
diff changeset
600 #define _Py_NewReference(op) ( \
c4dcb80f48ea object.h special-build macro minefield: renamed all the new lexical
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24171
diff changeset
601 _Py_INC_TPALLOCS(op) _Py_COUNT_ALLOCS_COMMA \
c4dcb80f48ea object.h special-build macro minefield: renamed all the new lexical
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24171
diff changeset
602 _Py_INC_REFTOTAL _Py_REF_DEBUG_COMMA \
24126
fdf80e04e4bb Rearranged and added comments to object.h, to clarify many things
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24122
diff changeset
603 (op)->ob_refcnt = 1)
fdf80e04e4bb Rearranged and added comments to object.h, to clarify many things
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24122
diff changeset
604
24184
c4dcb80f48ea object.h special-build macro minefield: renamed all the new lexical
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24171
diff changeset
605 #define _Py_ForgetReference(op) _Py_INC_TPFREES(op)
24126
fdf80e04e4bb Rearranged and added comments to object.h, to clarify many things
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24122
diff changeset
606
24171
5e4b8d1e9fd6 Uglified the new Py_REF_DEBUG (etc) lexical helper macro definitions so
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24155
diff changeset
607 #define _Py_Dealloc(op) ( \
24184
c4dcb80f48ea object.h special-build macro minefield: renamed all the new lexical
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24171
diff changeset
608 _Py_INC_TPFREES(op) _Py_COUNT_ALLOCS_COMMA \
24126
fdf80e04e4bb Rearranged and added comments to object.h, to clarify many things
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24122
diff changeset
609 (*(op)->ob_type->tp_dealloc)((PyObject *)(op)))
fdf80e04e4bb Rearranged and added comments to object.h, to clarify many things
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24122
diff changeset
610 #endif /* !Py_TRACE_REFS */
fdf80e04e4bb Rearranged and added comments to object.h, to clarify many things
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24122
diff changeset
611
24184
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Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24171
diff changeset
612 #define Py_INCREF(op) ( \
c4dcb80f48ea object.h special-build macro minefield: renamed all the new lexical
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24171
diff changeset
613 _Py_INC_REFTOTAL _Py_REF_DEBUG_COMMA \
24126
fdf80e04e4bb Rearranged and added comments to object.h, to clarify many things
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24122
diff changeset
614 (op)->ob_refcnt++)
fdf80e04e4bb Rearranged and added comments to object.h, to clarify many things
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24122
diff changeset
615
24184
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Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24171
diff changeset
616 #define Py_DECREF(op) \
c4dcb80f48ea object.h special-build macro minefield: renamed all the new lexical
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24171
diff changeset
617 if (_Py_DEC_REFTOTAL _Py_REF_DEBUG_COMMA \
c4dcb80f48ea object.h special-build macro minefield: renamed all the new lexical
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24171
diff changeset
618 --(op)->ob_refcnt != 0) \
c4dcb80f48ea object.h special-build macro minefield: renamed all the new lexical
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24171
diff changeset
619 _Py_CHECK_REFCNT(op) \
c4dcb80f48ea object.h special-build macro minefield: renamed all the new lexical
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24171
diff changeset
620 else \
5943
ac877c4768e1 Add a cast to the call to _Py_Dealloc in the expanded version of
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 5535
diff changeset
621 _Py_Dealloc((PyObject *)(op))
6
fc6fcd7df4f7 Initial revision
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
622
86
a6934380c6e7 "Compiling" version
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 68
diff changeset
623 /* Macros to use in case the object pointer may be NULL: */
2129
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Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 2071
diff changeset
624 #define Py_XINCREF(op) if ((op) == NULL) ; else Py_INCREF(op)
05360cd616ae The great renaming, phase two: all header files have been updated to
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 2071
diff changeset
625 #define Py_XDECREF(op) if ((op) == NULL) ; else Py_DECREF(op)
6
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parents:
diff changeset
626
fc6fcd7df4f7 Initial revision
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
627 /*
31940
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Thomas Heller <theller@ctypes.org>
parents: 30887
diff changeset
628 These are provided as conveniences to Python runtime embedders, so that
059740d52ae5 Two new public API functions, Py_IncRef and Py_DecRef. Useful for
Thomas Heller <theller@ctypes.org>
parents: 30887
diff changeset
629 they can have object code that is not dependent on Python compilation flags.
059740d52ae5 Two new public API functions, Py_IncRef and Py_DecRef. Useful for
Thomas Heller <theller@ctypes.org>
parents: 30887
diff changeset
630 */
059740d52ae5 Two new public API functions, Py_IncRef and Py_DecRef. Useful for
Thomas Heller <theller@ctypes.org>
parents: 30887
diff changeset
631 PyAPI_FUNC(void) Py_IncRef(PyObject *);
059740d52ae5 Two new public API functions, Py_IncRef and Py_DecRef. Useful for
Thomas Heller <theller@ctypes.org>
parents: 30887
diff changeset
632 PyAPI_FUNC(void) Py_DecRef(PyObject *);
059740d52ae5 Two new public API functions, Py_IncRef and Py_DecRef. Useful for
Thomas Heller <theller@ctypes.org>
parents: 30887
diff changeset
633
059740d52ae5 Two new public API functions, Py_IncRef and Py_DecRef. Useful for
Thomas Heller <theller@ctypes.org>
parents: 30887
diff changeset
634 /*
2129
05360cd616ae The great renaming, phase two: all header files have been updated to
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 2071
diff changeset
635 _Py_NoneStruct is an object of undefined type which can be used in contexts
6
fc6fcd7df4f7 Initial revision
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
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diff changeset
636 where NULL (nil) is not suitable (since NULL often means 'error').
fc6fcd7df4f7 Initial revision
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
637
2129
05360cd616ae The great renaming, phase two: all header files have been updated to
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 2071
diff changeset
638 Don't forget to apply Py_INCREF() when returning this value!!!
6
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Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
639 */
24420
36e2fd3f08f7 Excise DL_IMPORT/EXPORT from object.h, and related files. This patch
Mark Hammond <mhammond@skippinet.com.au>
parents: 24280
diff changeset
640 PyAPI_DATA(PyObject) _Py_NoneStruct; /* Don't use this directly */
2129
05360cd616ae The great renaming, phase two: all header files have been updated to
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 2071
diff changeset
641 #define Py_None (&_Py_NoneStruct)
6
fc6fcd7df4f7 Initial revision
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
642
30719
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Brett Cannon <bcannon@gmail.com>
parents: 29245
diff changeset
643 /* Macro for returning Py_None from a function */
30721
f80d8377840f Modify the Py_RETURN_* macros to be of the form ``do {...} while (0)`` in order
Brett Cannon <bcannon@gmail.com>
parents: 30720
diff changeset
644 #define Py_RETURN_NONE do {Py_INCREF(Py_None); return Py_None;} while (0)
30719
7dfdf9e8d95d Defined macros Py_RETURN_(TRUE|FALSE|NONE) as helper functions for returning
Brett Cannon <bcannon@gmail.com>
parents: 29245
diff changeset
645
15716
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Neil Schemenauer <nascheme@enme.ucalgary.ca>
parents: 14497
diff changeset
646 /*
362e53f43dd2 - Add nb_cmp slot for new style nubmers.
Neil Schemenauer <nascheme@enme.ucalgary.ca>
parents: 14497
diff changeset
647 Py_NotImplemented is a singleton used to signal that an operation is
362e53f43dd2 - Add nb_cmp slot for new style nubmers.
Neil Schemenauer <nascheme@enme.ucalgary.ca>
parents: 14497
diff changeset
648 not implemented for a given type combination.
362e53f43dd2 - Add nb_cmp slot for new style nubmers.
Neil Schemenauer <nascheme@enme.ucalgary.ca>
parents: 14497
diff changeset
649 */
24420
36e2fd3f08f7 Excise DL_IMPORT/EXPORT from object.h, and related files. This patch
Mark Hammond <mhammond@skippinet.com.au>
parents: 24280
diff changeset
650 PyAPI_DATA(PyObject) _Py_NotImplementedStruct; /* Don't use this directly */
15716
362e53f43dd2 - Add nb_cmp slot for new style nubmers.
Neil Schemenauer <nascheme@enme.ucalgary.ca>
parents: 14497
diff changeset
651 #define Py_NotImplemented (&_Py_NotImplementedStruct)
6
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Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
652
15938
8fd221aed357 Introduction to rich comparisons:
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 15716
diff changeset
653 /* Rich comparison opcodes */
8fd221aed357 Introduction to rich comparisons:
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 15716
diff changeset
654 #define Py_LT 0
8fd221aed357 Introduction to rich comparisons:
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 15716
diff changeset
655 #define Py_LE 1
8fd221aed357 Introduction to rich comparisons:
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 15716
diff changeset
656 #define Py_EQ 2
8fd221aed357 Introduction to rich comparisons:
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 15716
diff changeset
657 #define Py_NE 3
8fd221aed357 Introduction to rich comparisons:
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 15716
diff changeset
658 #define Py_GT 4
8fd221aed357 Introduction to rich comparisons:
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 15716
diff changeset
659 #define Py_GE 5
8fd221aed357 Introduction to rich comparisons:
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 15716
diff changeset
660
6
fc6fcd7df4f7 Initial revision
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
661 /*
24280
1598a1e473e2 staticforward bites the dust.
Jeremy Hylton <jeremy@alum.mit.edu>
parents: 24184
diff changeset
662 Define staticforward and statichere for source compatibility with old
1598a1e473e2 staticforward bites the dust.
Jeremy Hylton <jeremy@alum.mit.edu>
parents: 24184
diff changeset
663 C extensions.
1598a1e473e2 staticforward bites the dust.
Jeremy Hylton <jeremy@alum.mit.edu>
parents: 24184
diff changeset
664
1598a1e473e2 staticforward bites the dust.
Jeremy Hylton <jeremy@alum.mit.edu>
parents: 24184
diff changeset
665 The staticforward define was needed to support certain broken C
1598a1e473e2 staticforward bites the dust.
Jeremy Hylton <jeremy@alum.mit.edu>
parents: 24184
diff changeset
666 compilers (notably SCO ODT 3.0, perhaps early AIX as well) botched the
1598a1e473e2 staticforward bites the dust.
Jeremy Hylton <jeremy@alum.mit.edu>
parents: 24184
diff changeset
667 static keyword when it was used with a forward declaration of a static
1598a1e473e2 staticforward bites the dust.
Jeremy Hylton <jeremy@alum.mit.edu>
parents: 24184
diff changeset
668 initialized structure. Standard C allows the forward declaration with
1598a1e473e2 staticforward bites the dust.
Jeremy Hylton <jeremy@alum.mit.edu>
parents: 24184
diff changeset
669 static, and we've decided to stop catering to broken C compilers.
1598a1e473e2 staticforward bites the dust.
Jeremy Hylton <jeremy@alum.mit.edu>
parents: 24184
diff changeset
670 (In fact, we expect that the compilers are all fixed eight years later.)
1746
1940892d2fe3 Merge alpha100 branch back to main trunk
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 1400
diff changeset
671 */
1940892d2fe3 Merge alpha100 branch back to main trunk
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 1400
diff changeset
672
1940892d2fe3 Merge alpha100 branch back to main trunk
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 1400
diff changeset
673 #define staticforward static
2422
f4f71ebea53f change in staticforward -- added statichere
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 2364
diff changeset
674 #define statichere static
1746
1940892d2fe3 Merge alpha100 branch back to main trunk
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 1400
diff changeset
675
1940892d2fe3 Merge alpha100 branch back to main trunk
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 1400
diff changeset
676
1940892d2fe3 Merge alpha100 branch back to main trunk
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 1400
diff changeset
677 /*
6
fc6fcd7df4f7 Initial revision
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
678 More conventions
fc6fcd7df4f7 Initial revision
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
679 ================
fc6fcd7df4f7 Initial revision
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
680
fc6fcd7df4f7 Initial revision
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
681 Argument Checking
fc6fcd7df4f7 Initial revision
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
682 -----------------
fc6fcd7df4f7 Initial revision
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
683
fc6fcd7df4f7 Initial revision
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
684 Functions that take objects as arguments normally don't check for nil
fc6fcd7df4f7 Initial revision
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
685 arguments, but they do check the type of the argument, and return an
fc6fcd7df4f7 Initial revision
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
686 error if the function doesn't apply to the type.
fc6fcd7df4f7 Initial revision
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
687
fc6fcd7df4f7 Initial revision
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
688 Failure Modes
fc6fcd7df4f7 Initial revision
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
689 -------------
fc6fcd7df4f7 Initial revision
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
690
fc6fcd7df4f7 Initial revision
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
691 Functions may fail for a variety of reasons, including running out of
86
a6934380c6e7 "Compiling" version
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 68
diff changeset
692 memory. This is communicated to the caller in two ways: an error string
a6934380c6e7 "Compiling" version
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 68
diff changeset
693 is set (see errors.h), and the function result differs: functions that
a6934380c6e7 "Compiling" version
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 68
diff changeset
694 normally return a pointer return NULL for failure, functions returning
a6934380c6e7 "Compiling" version
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 68
diff changeset
695 an integer return -1 (which could be a legal return value too!), and
a6934380c6e7 "Compiling" version
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 68
diff changeset
696 other functions return 0 for success and -1 for failure.
24126
fdf80e04e4bb Rearranged and added comments to object.h, to clarify many things
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24122
diff changeset
697 Callers should always check for errors before using the result. If
fdf80e04e4bb Rearranged and added comments to object.h, to clarify many things
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24122
diff changeset
698 an error was set, the caller must either explicitly clear it, or pass
fdf80e04e4bb Rearranged and added comments to object.h, to clarify many things
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24122
diff changeset
699 the error on to its caller.
6
fc6fcd7df4f7 Initial revision
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
700
fc6fcd7df4f7 Initial revision
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
701 Reference Counts
fc6fcd7df4f7 Initial revision
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
702 ----------------
fc6fcd7df4f7 Initial revision
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
703
fc6fcd7df4f7 Initial revision
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
704 It takes a while to get used to the proper usage of reference counts.
fc6fcd7df4f7 Initial revision
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
705
fc6fcd7df4f7 Initial revision
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
706 Functions that create an object set the reference count to 1; such new
2129
05360cd616ae The great renaming, phase two: all header files have been updated to
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 2071
diff changeset
707 objects must be stored somewhere or destroyed again with Py_DECREF().
30887
3ae82928b113 fixed buggy comment as per SF bug #827856
Alex Martelli <aleaxit@gmail.com>
parents: 30721
diff changeset
708 Some functions that 'store' objects, such as PyTuple_SetItem() and
3ae82928b113 fixed buggy comment as per SF bug #827856
Alex Martelli <aleaxit@gmail.com>
parents: 30721
diff changeset
709 PyList_SetItem(),
6
fc6fcd7df4f7 Initial revision
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
710 don't increment the reference count of the object, since the most
fc6fcd7df4f7 Initial revision
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
711 frequent use is to store a fresh object. Functions that 'retrieve'
30887
3ae82928b113 fixed buggy comment as per SF bug #827856
Alex Martelli <aleaxit@gmail.com>
parents: 30721
diff changeset
712 objects, such as PyTuple_GetItem() and PyDict_GetItemString(), also
2129
05360cd616ae The great renaming, phase two: all header files have been updated to
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 2071
diff changeset
713 don't increment
6
fc6fcd7df4f7 Initial revision
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
714 the reference count, since most frequently the object is only looked at
fc6fcd7df4f7 Initial revision
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
715 quickly. Thus, to retrieve an object and store it again, the caller
2129
05360cd616ae The great renaming, phase two: all header files have been updated to
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 2071
diff changeset
716 must call Py_INCREF() explicitly.
6
fc6fcd7df4f7 Initial revision
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
717
30887
3ae82928b113 fixed buggy comment as per SF bug #827856
Alex Martelli <aleaxit@gmail.com>
parents: 30721
diff changeset
718 NOTE: functions that 'consume' a reference count, like
3ae82928b113 fixed buggy comment as per SF bug #827856
Alex Martelli <aleaxit@gmail.com>
parents: 30721
diff changeset
719 PyList_SetItem(), consume the reference even if the object wasn't
3ae82928b113 fixed buggy comment as per SF bug #827856
Alex Martelli <aleaxit@gmail.com>
parents: 30721
diff changeset
720 successfully stored, to simplify error handling.
6
fc6fcd7df4f7 Initial revision
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
721
fc6fcd7df4f7 Initial revision
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
722 It seems attractive to make other functions that take an object as
30887
3ae82928b113 fixed buggy comment as per SF bug #827856
Alex Martelli <aleaxit@gmail.com>
parents: 30721
diff changeset
723 argument consume a reference count; however, this may quickly get
6
fc6fcd7df4f7 Initial revision
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
724 confusing (even the current practice is already confusing). Consider
2129
05360cd616ae The great renaming, phase two: all header files have been updated to
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 2071
diff changeset
725 it carefully, it may save lots of calls to Py_INCREF() and Py_DECREF() at
6
fc6fcd7df4f7 Initial revision
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
726 times.
fc6fcd7df4f7 Initial revision
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
727 */
1329
519c25039c6a * Added support for X11 modules.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 1324
diff changeset
728
24122
d332484e394a Trashcan cleanup: Now that cyclic gc is always there, the trashcan
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24121
diff changeset
729
d332484e394a Trashcan cleanup: Now that cyclic gc is always there, the trashcan
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24121
diff changeset
730 /* Trashcan mechanism, thanks to Christian Tismer.
d332484e394a Trashcan cleanup: Now that cyclic gc is always there, the trashcan
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24121
diff changeset
731
d332484e394a Trashcan cleanup: Now that cyclic gc is always there, the trashcan
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24121
diff changeset
732 When deallocating a container object, it's possible to trigger an unbounded
d332484e394a Trashcan cleanup: Now that cyclic gc is always there, the trashcan
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24121
diff changeset
733 chain of deallocations, as each Py_DECREF in turn drops the refcount on "the
d332484e394a Trashcan cleanup: Now that cyclic gc is always there, the trashcan
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24121
diff changeset
734 next" object in the chain to 0. This can easily lead to stack faults, and
d332484e394a Trashcan cleanup: Now that cyclic gc is always there, the trashcan
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24121
diff changeset
735 especially in threads (which typically have less stack space to work with).
11999
c94247b5c355 Christian Tismer's "trashcan" patch:
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 11891
diff changeset
736
24122
d332484e394a Trashcan cleanup: Now that cyclic gc is always there, the trashcan
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24121
diff changeset
737 A container object that participates in cyclic gc can avoid this by
d332484e394a Trashcan cleanup: Now that cyclic gc is always there, the trashcan
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24121
diff changeset
738 bracketing the body of its tp_dealloc function with a pair of macros:
d332484e394a Trashcan cleanup: Now that cyclic gc is always there, the trashcan
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24121
diff changeset
739
d332484e394a Trashcan cleanup: Now that cyclic gc is always there, the trashcan
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24121
diff changeset
740 static void
d332484e394a Trashcan cleanup: Now that cyclic gc is always there, the trashcan
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24121
diff changeset
741 mytype_dealloc(mytype *p)
d332484e394a Trashcan cleanup: Now that cyclic gc is always there, the trashcan
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24121
diff changeset
742 {
d332484e394a Trashcan cleanup: Now that cyclic gc is always there, the trashcan
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24121
diff changeset
743 ... declarations go here ...
11999
c94247b5c355 Christian Tismer's "trashcan" patch:
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 11891
diff changeset
744
24122
d332484e394a Trashcan cleanup: Now that cyclic gc is always there, the trashcan
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24121
diff changeset
745 PyObject_GC_UnTrack(p); // must untrack first
d332484e394a Trashcan cleanup: Now that cyclic gc is always there, the trashcan
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24121
diff changeset
746 Py_TRASHCAN_SAFE_BEGIN(p)
d332484e394a Trashcan cleanup: Now that cyclic gc is always there, the trashcan
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24121
diff changeset
747 ... The body of the deallocator goes here, including all calls ...
d332484e394a Trashcan cleanup: Now that cyclic gc is always there, the trashcan
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24121
diff changeset
748 ... to Py_DECREF on contained objects. ...
d332484e394a Trashcan cleanup: Now that cyclic gc is always there, the trashcan
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24121
diff changeset
749 Py_TRASHCAN_SAFE_END(p)
d332484e394a Trashcan cleanup: Now that cyclic gc is always there, the trashcan
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24121
diff changeset
750 }
11999
c94247b5c355 Christian Tismer's "trashcan" patch:
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 11891
diff changeset
751
24654
f672e1dbad92 Added info about the right way to leave the body of a trashcan-protected
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24420
diff changeset
752 CAUTION: Never return from the middle of the body! If the body needs to
f672e1dbad92 Added info about the right way to leave the body of a trashcan-protected
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24420
diff changeset
753 "get out early", put a label immediately before the Py_TRASHCAN_SAFE_END
f672e1dbad92 Added info about the right way to leave the body of a trashcan-protected
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24420
diff changeset
754 call, and goto it. Else the call-depth counter (see below) will stay
f672e1dbad92 Added info about the right way to leave the body of a trashcan-protected
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24420
diff changeset
755 above 0 forever, and the trashcan will never get emptied.
f672e1dbad92 Added info about the right way to leave the body of a trashcan-protected
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24420
diff changeset
756
24122
d332484e394a Trashcan cleanup: Now that cyclic gc is always there, the trashcan
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24121
diff changeset
757 How it works: The BEGIN macro increments a call-depth counter. So long
d332484e394a Trashcan cleanup: Now that cyclic gc is always there, the trashcan
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24121
diff changeset
758 as this counter is small, the body of the deallocator is run directly without
d332484e394a Trashcan cleanup: Now that cyclic gc is always there, the trashcan
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24121
diff changeset
759 further ado. But if the counter gets large, it instead adds p to a list of
d332484e394a Trashcan cleanup: Now that cyclic gc is always there, the trashcan
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24121
diff changeset
760 objects to be deallocated later, skips the body of the deallocator, and
d332484e394a Trashcan cleanup: Now that cyclic gc is always there, the trashcan
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24121
diff changeset
761 resumes execution after the END macro. The tp_dealloc routine then returns
d332484e394a Trashcan cleanup: Now that cyclic gc is always there, the trashcan
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24121
diff changeset
762 without deallocating anything (and so unbounded call-stack depth is avoided).
12481
a8898a172fe2 Christian Tismer -- total rewrite on trashcan code.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 12406
diff changeset
763
24122
d332484e394a Trashcan cleanup: Now that cyclic gc is always there, the trashcan
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24121
diff changeset
764 When the call stack finishes unwinding again, code generated by the END macro
d332484e394a Trashcan cleanup: Now that cyclic gc is always there, the trashcan
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24121
diff changeset
765 notices this, and calls another routine to deallocate all the objects that
d332484e394a Trashcan cleanup: Now that cyclic gc is always there, the trashcan
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24121
diff changeset
766 may have been added to the list of deferred deallocations. In effect, a
d332484e394a Trashcan cleanup: Now that cyclic gc is always there, the trashcan
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24121
diff changeset
767 chain of N deallocations is broken into N / PyTrash_UNWIND_LEVEL pieces,
d332484e394a Trashcan cleanup: Now that cyclic gc is always there, the trashcan
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24121
diff changeset
768 with the call stack never exceeding a depth of PyTrash_UNWIND_LEVEL.
11999
c94247b5c355 Christian Tismer's "trashcan" patch:
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 11891
diff changeset
769 */
c94247b5c355 Christian Tismer's "trashcan" patch:
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 11891
diff changeset
770
24420
36e2fd3f08f7 Excise DL_IMPORT/EXPORT from object.h, and related files. This patch
Mark Hammond <mhammond@skippinet.com.au>
parents: 24280
diff changeset
771 PyAPI_FUNC(void) _PyTrash_deposit_object(PyObject*);
36e2fd3f08f7 Excise DL_IMPORT/EXPORT from object.h, and related files. This patch
Mark Hammond <mhammond@skippinet.com.au>
parents: 24280
diff changeset
772 PyAPI_FUNC(void) _PyTrash_destroy_chain(void);
36e2fd3f08f7 Excise DL_IMPORT/EXPORT from object.h, and related files. This patch
Mark Hammond <mhammond@skippinet.com.au>
parents: 24280
diff changeset
773 PyAPI_DATA(int) _PyTrash_delete_nesting;
36e2fd3f08f7 Excise DL_IMPORT/EXPORT from object.h, and related files. This patch
Mark Hammond <mhammond@skippinet.com.au>
parents: 24280
diff changeset
774 PyAPI_DATA(PyObject *) _PyTrash_delete_later;
24122
d332484e394a Trashcan cleanup: Now that cyclic gc is always there, the trashcan
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24121
diff changeset
775
11999
c94247b5c355 Christian Tismer's "trashcan" patch:
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 11891
diff changeset
776 #define PyTrash_UNWIND_LEVEL 50
c94247b5c355 Christian Tismer's "trashcan" patch:
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 11891
diff changeset
777
c94247b5c355 Christian Tismer's "trashcan" patch:
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 11891
diff changeset
778 #define Py_TRASHCAN_SAFE_BEGIN(op) \
24122
d332484e394a Trashcan cleanup: Now that cyclic gc is always there, the trashcan
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24121
diff changeset
779 if (_PyTrash_delete_nesting < PyTrash_UNWIND_LEVEL) { \
d332484e394a Trashcan cleanup: Now that cyclic gc is always there, the trashcan
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24121
diff changeset
780 ++_PyTrash_delete_nesting;
d332484e394a Trashcan cleanup: Now that cyclic gc is always there, the trashcan
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24121
diff changeset
781 /* The body of the deallocator is here. */
11999
c94247b5c355 Christian Tismer's "trashcan" patch:
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 11891
diff changeset
782 #define Py_TRASHCAN_SAFE_END(op) \
c94247b5c355 Christian Tismer's "trashcan" patch:
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 11891
diff changeset
783 --_PyTrash_delete_nesting; \
c94247b5c355 Christian Tismer's "trashcan" patch:
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 11891
diff changeset
784 if (_PyTrash_delete_later && _PyTrash_delete_nesting <= 0) \
12481
a8898a172fe2 Christian Tismer -- total rewrite on trashcan code.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 12406
diff changeset
785 _PyTrash_destroy_chain(); \
11999
c94247b5c355 Christian Tismer's "trashcan" patch:
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 11891
diff changeset
786 } \
24122
d332484e394a Trashcan cleanup: Now that cyclic gc is always there, the trashcan
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24121
diff changeset
787 else \
d332484e394a Trashcan cleanup: Now that cyclic gc is always there, the trashcan
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24121
diff changeset
788 _PyTrash_deposit_object((PyObject*)op);
12481
a8898a172fe2 Christian Tismer -- total rewrite on trashcan code.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 12406
diff changeset
789
1329
519c25039c6a * Added support for X11 modules.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 1324
diff changeset
790 #ifdef __cplusplus
519c25039c6a * Added support for X11 modules.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 1324
diff changeset
791 }
519c25039c6a * Added support for X11 modules.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 1324
diff changeset
792 #endif
519c25039c6a * Added support for X11 modules.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 1324
diff changeset
793 #endif /* !Py_OBJECT_H */