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Changes from Jonathan Riehl to allow his pgen extension (PEP 269) to work. This includes some more code that used to be part of pgen in the main parser; I'm okay with that. I'll see if the Windows build needs work next.
author Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
date Thu, 17 Apr 2003 14:55:42 +0000
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children 60a708bf351a 284db2a5f620
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1 \section{\module{cmd} ---
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2 Support for line-oriented command interpreters}
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3
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4 \declaremodule{standard}{cmd}
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5 \sectionauthor{Eric S. Raymond}{esr@snark.thyrsus.com}
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6 \modulesynopsis{Build line-oriented command interpreters.}
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7
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9 The \class{Cmd} class provides a simple framework for writing
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10 line-oriented command interpreters. These are often useful for
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11 test harnesses, administrative tools, and prototypes that will
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12 later be wrapped in a more sophisticated interface.
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13
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14 \begin{classdesc}{Cmd}{\optional{completekey},\optional{stdin},\optional{stdout}}
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15 A \class{Cmd} instance or subclass instance is a line-oriented
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16 interpreter framework. There is no good reason to instantiate
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17 \class{Cmd} itself; rather, it's useful as a superclass of an
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18 interpreter class you define yourself in order to inherit
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19 \class{Cmd}'s methods and encapsulate action methods.
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20
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21 The optional argument \var{completekey} is the \refmodule{readline} name
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22 of a completion key; it defaults to \kbd{Tab}. If \var{completekey} is
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23 not \code{None} and \module{readline} is available, command completion
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24 is done automatically.
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25
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26 The optional arguments \var{stdin} and \var{stdout} specify the
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27 input and output file objects that the Cmd instance or subclass
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28 instance will use for input and output. If not specified, they
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29 will default to \var{sys.stdin} and \var{sys.stdout}.
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30
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31 \versionchanged[The \var{stdin} and \var{stdout} parameters were added.]{2.3}
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32 \end{classdesc}
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33
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34 \subsection{Cmd Objects}
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35 \label{Cmd-objects}
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36
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37 A \class{Cmd} instance has the following methods:
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38
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39 \begin{methoddesc}{cmdloop}{\optional{intro}}
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40 Repeatedly issue a prompt, accept input, parse an initial prefix off
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41 the received input, and dispatch to action methods, passing them the
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42 remainder of the line as argument.
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43
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44 The optional argument is a banner or intro string to be issued before the
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45 first prompt (this overrides the \member{intro} class member).
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46
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47 If the \module{readline} module is loaded, input will automatically
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48 inherit \program{bash}-like history-list editing (e.g. \kbd{Control-P}
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49 scrolls back to the last command, \kbd{Control-N} forward to the next
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50 one, \kbd{Control-F} moves the cursor to the right non-destructively,
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51 \kbd{Control-B} moves the cursor to the left non-destructively, etc.).
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52
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53 An end-of-file on input is passed back as the string \code{'EOF'}.
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54
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55 An interpreter instance will recognize a command name \samp{foo} if
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56 and only if it has a method \method{do_foo()}. As a special case,
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57 a line beginning with the character \character{?} is dispatched to
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58 the method \method{do_help()}. As another special case, a line
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59 beginning with the character \character{!} is dispatched to the
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60 method \method{do_shell()} (if such a method is defined).
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61
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62 If completion is enabled, completing commands will be done
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63 automatically, and completing of commands args is done by calling
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64 \method{complete_foo()} with arguments \var{text}, \var{line},
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65 \var{begidx}, and \var{endidx}. \var{text} is the string prefix we
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66 are attempting to match: all returned matches must begin with it.
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67 \var{line} is the current input line with leading whitespace removed,
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68 \var{begidx} and \var{endidx} are the beginning and ending indexes
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69 of the prefix text, which could be used to provide different
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70 completion depending upon which position the argument is in.
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71
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72 All subclasses of \class{Cmd} inherit a predefined \method{do_help()}.
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73 This method, called with an argument \code{'bar'}, invokes the
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74 corresponding method \method{help_bar()}. With no argument,
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75 \method{do_help()} lists all available help topics (that is, all
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76 commands with corresponding \method{help_*()} methods), and also lists
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77 any undocumented commands.
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78 \end{methoddesc}
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79
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80 \begin{methoddesc}{onecmd}{str}
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81 Interpret the argument as though it had been typed in response to the
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82 prompt. This may be overridden, but should not normally need to be;
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83 see the \method{precmd()} and \method{postcmd()} methods for useful
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84 execution hooks. The return value is a flag indicating whether
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85 interpretation of commands by the interpreter should stop.
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86 \end{methoddesc}
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87
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88 \begin{methoddesc}{emptyline}{}
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89 Method called when an empty line is entered in response to the prompt.
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90 If this method is not overridden, it repeats the last nonempty command
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91 entered.
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92 \end{methoddesc}
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93
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94 \begin{methoddesc}{default}{line}
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95 Method called on an input line when the command prefix is not
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96 recognized. If this method is not overridden, it prints an
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97 error message and returns.
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98 \end{methoddesc}
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99
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100 \begin{methoddesc}{completedefault}{text, line, begidx, endidx}
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101 Method called to complete an input line when no command-specific
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102 \method{complete_*()} method is available. By default, it returns an
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103 empty list.
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104 \end{methoddesc}
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105
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106 \begin{methoddesc}{precmd}{line}
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107 Hook method executed just before the command line \var{line} is
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108 interpreted, but after the input prompt is generated and issued. This
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109 method is a stub in \class{Cmd}; it exists to be overridden by
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110 subclasses. The return value is used as the command which will be
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111 executed by the \method{onecmd()} method; the \method{precmd()}
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112 implementation may re-write the command or simply return \var{line}
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113 unchanged.
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114 \end{methoddesc}
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115
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116 \begin{methoddesc}{postcmd}{stop, line}
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117 Hook method executed just after a command dispatch is finished. This
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118 method is a stub in \class{Cmd}; it exists to be overridden by
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119 subclasses. \var{line} is the command line which was executed, and
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120 \var{stop} is a flag which indicates whether execution will be
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121 terminated after the call to \method{postcmd()}; this will be the
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122 return value of the \method{onecmd()} method. The return value of
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123 this method will be used as the new value for the internal flag which
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124 corresponds to \var{stop}; returning false will cause interpretation
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125 to continue.
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126 \end{methoddesc}
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127
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128 \begin{methoddesc}{preloop}{}
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129 Hook method executed once when \method{cmdloop()} is called. This
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130 method is a stub in \class{Cmd}; it exists to be overridden by
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131 subclasses.
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132 \end{methoddesc}
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133
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134 \begin{methoddesc}{postloop}{}
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135 Hook method executed once when \method{cmdloop()} is about to return.
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136 This method is a stub in \class{Cmd}; it exists to be overridden by
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137 subclasses.
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138 \end{methoddesc}
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139
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140 Instances of \class{Cmd} subclasses have some public instance variables:
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141
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142 \begin{memberdesc}{prompt}
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143 The prompt issued to solicit input.
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144 \end{memberdesc}
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145
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146 \begin{memberdesc}{identchars}
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147 The string of characters accepted for the command prefix.
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148 \end{memberdesc}
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149
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150 \begin{memberdesc}{lastcmd}
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151 The last nonempty command prefix seen.
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152 \end{memberdesc}
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153
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154 \begin{memberdesc}{intro}
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155 A string to issue as an intro or banner. May be overridden by giving
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156 the \method{cmdloop()} method an argument.
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157 \end{memberdesc}
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158
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159 \begin{memberdesc}{doc_header}
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160 The header to issue if the help output has a section for documented
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161 commands.
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162 \end{memberdesc}
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163
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164 \begin{memberdesc}{misc_header}
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165 The header to issue if the help output has a section for miscellaneous
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166 help topics (that is, there are \method{help_*()} methods without
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167 corresponding \method{do_*()} methods).
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168 \end{memberdesc}
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169
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170 \begin{memberdesc}{undoc_header}
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171 The header to issue if the help output has a section for undocumented
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172 commands (that is, there are \method{do_*()} methods without
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173 corresponding \method{help_*()} methods).
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174 \end{memberdesc}
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175
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176 \begin{memberdesc}{ruler}
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177 The character used to draw separator lines under the help-message
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178 headers. If empty, no ruler line is drawn. It defaults to
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179 \character{=}.
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180 \end{memberdesc}
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181
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182 \begin{memberdesc}{use_rawinput}
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183 A flag, defaulting to true. If true, \method{cmdloop()} uses
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184 \function{raw_input()} to display a prompt and read the next command;
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185 if false, \method{sys.stdout.write()} and
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186 \method{sys.stdin.readline()} are used. (This means that by
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187 importing \module{readline}, on systems that support it, the
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188 interpreter will automatically support Emacs-like line editing
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189 and command-history keystrokes.)
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190 \end{memberdesc}