Mercurial > cpython-lru_cache-weakref

annotate Lib/string.py @ 28646:193b8aec00ce legacy-trunk

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Changes from Jonathan Riehl to allow his pgen extension (PEP 269) to work. This includes some more code that used to be part of pgen in the main parser; I'm okay with that. I'll see if the Windows build needs work next.
author Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
date Thu, 17 Apr 2003 14:55:42 +0000
parents 215f1f4851a4
children c1a672ee1530
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1 """A collection of string operations (most are no longer used in Python 1.6).
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2
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3 Warning: most of the code you see here isn't normally used nowadays. With
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4 Python 1.6, many of these functions are implemented as methods on the
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5 standard string object. They used to be implemented by a built-in module
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6 called strop, but strop is now obsolete itself.
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7
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8 Public module variables:
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9
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10 whitespace -- a string containing all characters considered whitespace
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11 lowercase -- a string containing all characters considered lowercase letters
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12 uppercase -- a string containing all characters considered uppercase letters
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13 letters -- a string containing all characters considered letters
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14 digits -- a string containing all characters considered decimal digits
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15 hexdigits -- a string containing all characters considered hexadecimal digits
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16 octdigits -- a string containing all characters considered octal digits
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17 punctuation -- a string containing all characters considered punctuation
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18 printable -- a string containing all characters considered printable
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19
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20 """
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21
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22 # Some strings for ctype-style character classification
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23 whitespace = ' \t\n\r\v\f'
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24 lowercase = 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'
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25 uppercase = 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ'
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26 letters = lowercase + uppercase
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27 ascii_lowercase = lowercase
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28 ascii_uppercase = uppercase
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29 ascii_letters = ascii_lowercase + ascii_uppercase
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30 digits = '0123456789'
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31 hexdigits = digits + 'abcdef' + 'ABCDEF'
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32 octdigits = '01234567'
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33 punctuation = """!"#$%&'()*+,-./:;<=>?@[\]^_`{|}~"""
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34 printable = digits + letters + punctuation + whitespace
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35
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36 # Case conversion helpers
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37 # Use str to convert Unicode literal in case of -U
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38 l = map(chr, xrange(256))
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39 _idmap = str('').join(l)
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40 del l
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41
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42 # Backward compatible names for exceptions
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43 index_error = ValueError
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44 atoi_error = ValueError
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45 atof_error = ValueError
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46 atol_error = ValueError
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47
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48 # convert UPPER CASE letters to lower case
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49 def lower(s):
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50 """lower(s) -> string
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51
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52 Return a copy of the string s converted to lowercase.
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53
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54 """
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55 return s.lower()
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56
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57 # Convert lower case letters to UPPER CASE
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58 def upper(s):
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59 """upper(s) -> string
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60
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61 Return a copy of the string s converted to uppercase.
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62
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63 """
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64 return s.upper()
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65
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66 # Swap lower case letters and UPPER CASE
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67 def swapcase(s):
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68 """swapcase(s) -> string
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69
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70 Return a copy of the string s with upper case characters
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71 converted to lowercase and vice versa.
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72
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73 """
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74 return s.swapcase()
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75
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76 # Strip leading and trailing tabs and spaces
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77 def strip(s, chars=None):
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78 """strip(s [,chars]) -> string
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79
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80 Return a copy of the string s with leading and trailing
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81 whitespace removed.
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82 If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead.
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83 If chars is unicode, S will be converted to unicode before stripping.
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84
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85 """
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86 return s.strip(chars)
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87
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88 # Strip leading tabs and spaces
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89 def lstrip(s, chars=None):
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90 """lstrip(s [,chars]) -> string
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91
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92 Return a copy of the string s with leading whitespace removed.
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93 If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead.
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94
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95 """
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96 return s.lstrip(chars)
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97
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98 # Strip trailing tabs and spaces
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99 def rstrip(s, chars=None):
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100 """rstrip(s [,chars]) -> string
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101
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102 Return a copy of the string s with trailing whitespace removed.
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103 If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead.
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104
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105 """
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106 return s.rstrip(chars)
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107
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108
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109 # Split a string into a list of space/tab-separated words
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110 def split(s, sep=None, maxsplit=-1):
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111 """split(s [,sep [,maxsplit]]) -> list of strings
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112
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113 Return a list of the words in the string s, using sep as the
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114 delimiter string. If maxsplit is given, splits at no more than
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115 maxsplit places (resulting in at most maxsplit+1 words). If sep
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116 is not specified, any whitespace string is a separator.
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117
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118 (split and splitfields are synonymous)
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119
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120 """
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121 return s.split(sep, maxsplit)
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122 splitfields = split
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123
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124 # Join fields with optional separator
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125 def join(words, sep = ' '):
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126 """join(list [,sep]) -> string
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127
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128 Return a string composed of the words in list, with
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129 intervening occurrences of sep. The default separator is a
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130 single space.
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131
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132 (joinfields and join are synonymous)
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133
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134 """
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135 return sep.join(words)
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136 joinfields = join
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137
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138 # Find substring, raise exception if not found
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139 def index(s, *args):
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140 """index(s, sub [,start [,end]]) -> int
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141
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142 Like find but raises ValueError when the substring is not found.
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143
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144 """
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145 return s.index(*args)
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146
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147 # Find last substring, raise exception if not found
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148 def rindex(s, *args):
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149 """rindex(s, sub [,start [,end]]) -> int
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150
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151 Like rfind but raises ValueError when the substring is not found.
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152
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153 """
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154 return s.rindex(*args)
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155
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156 # Count non-overlapping occurrences of substring
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157 def count(s, *args):
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158 """count(s, sub[, start[,end]]) -> int
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159
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160 Return the number of occurrences of substring sub in string
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161 s[start:end]. Optional arguments start and end are
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162 interpreted as in slice notation.
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163
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164 """
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165 return s.count(*args)
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166
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167 # Find substring, return -1 if not found
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168 def find(s, *args):
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169 """find(s, sub [,start [,end]]) -> in
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170
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171 Return the lowest index in s where substring sub is found,
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172 such that sub is contained within s[start,end]. Optional
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173 arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation.
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174
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175 Return -1 on failure.
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176
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177 """
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178 return s.find(*args)
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179
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180 # Find last substring, return -1 if not found
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181 def rfind(s, *args):
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182 """rfind(s, sub [,start [,end]]) -> int
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183
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184 Return the highest index in s where substring sub is found,
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185 such that sub is contained within s[start,end]. Optional
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186 arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation.
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187
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188 Return -1 on failure.
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189
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190 """
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191 return s.rfind(*args)
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192
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193 # for a bit of speed
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194 _float = float
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195 _int = int
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196 _long = long
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197
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198 # Convert string to float
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199 def atof(s):
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200 """atof(s) -> float
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201
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202 Return the floating point number represented by the string s.
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203
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204 """
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205 return _float(s)
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206
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207
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208 # Convert string to integer
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209 def atoi(s , base=10):
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210 """atoi(s [,base]) -> int
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211
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212 Return the integer represented by the string s in the given
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213 base, which defaults to 10. The string s must consist of one
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214 or more digits, possibly preceded by a sign. If base is 0, it
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215 is chosen from the leading characters of s, 0 for octal, 0x or
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216 0X for hexadecimal. If base is 16, a preceding 0x or 0X is
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217 accepted.
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218
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219 """
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220 return _int(s, base)
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221
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222
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223 # Convert string to long integer
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224 def atol(s, base=10):
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225 """atol(s [,base]) -> long
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226
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227 Return the long integer represented by the string s in the
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228 given base, which defaults to 10. The string s must consist
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229 of one or more digits, possibly preceded by a sign. If base
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230 is 0, it is chosen from the leading characters of s, 0 for
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231 octal, 0x or 0X for hexadecimal. If base is 16, a preceding
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232 0x or 0X is accepted. A trailing L or l is not accepted,
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233 unless base is 0.
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234
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235 """
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236 return _long(s, base)
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237
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238
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239 # Left-justify a string
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240 def ljust(s, width):
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241 """ljust(s, width) -> string
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242
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243 Return a left-justified version of s, in a field of the
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244 specified width, padded with spaces as needed. The string is
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245 never truncated.
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246
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247 """
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248 return s.ljust(width)
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249
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250 # Right-justify a string
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251 def rjust(s, width):
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252 """rjust(s, width) -> string
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253
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254 Return a right-justified version of s, in a field of the
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255 specified width, padded with spaces as needed. The string is
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256 never truncated.
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257
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258 """
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259 return s.rjust(width)
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260
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261 # Center a string
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262 def center(s, width):
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263 """center(s, width) -> string
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264
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265 Return a center version of s, in a field of the specified
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266 width. padded with spaces as needed. The string is never
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267 truncated.
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268
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269 """
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270 return s.center(width)
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271
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272 # Zero-fill a number, e.g., (12, 3) --> '012' and (-3, 3) --> '-03'
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273 # Decadent feature: the argument may be a string or a number
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274 # (Use of this is deprecated; it should be a string as with ljust c.s.)
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275 def zfill(x, width):
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276 """zfill(x, width) -> string
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277
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278 Pad a numeric string x with zeros on the left, to fill a field
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279 of the specified width. The string x is never truncated.
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280
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281 """
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282 if not isinstance(x, basestring):
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283 x = repr(x)
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284 return x.zfill(width)
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285
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286 # Expand tabs in a string.
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287 # Doesn't take non-printing chars into account, but does understand \n.
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288 def expandtabs(s, tabsize=8):
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289 """expandtabs(s [,tabsize]) -> string
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290
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291 Return a copy of the string s with all tab characters replaced
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292 by the appropriate number of spaces, depending on the current
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293 column, and the tabsize (default 8).
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294
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295 """
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296 return s.expandtabs(tabsize)
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297
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298 # Character translation through look-up table.
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299 def translate(s, table, deletions=""):
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300 """translate(s,table [,deletions]) -> string
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301
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302 Return a copy of the string s, where all characters occurring
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303 in the optional argument deletions are removed, and the
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304 remaining characters have been mapped through the given
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305 translation table, which must be a string of length 256. The
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306 deletions argument is not allowed for Unicode strings.
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307
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308 """
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309 if deletions:
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310 return s.translate(table, deletions)
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311 else:
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312 # Add s[:0] so that if s is Unicode and table is an 8-bit string,
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313 # table is converted to Unicode. This means that table *cannot*
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314 # be a dictionary -- for that feature, use u.translate() directly.
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315 return s.translate(table + s[:0])
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316
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317 # Capitalize a string, e.g. "aBc dEf" -> "Abc def".
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318 def capitalize(s):
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319 """capitalize(s) -> string
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320
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321 Return a copy of the string s with only its first character
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322 capitalized.
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323
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324 """
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325 return s.capitalize()
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326
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327 # Capitalize the words in a string, e.g. " aBc dEf " -> "Abc Def".
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328 # See also regsub.capwords().
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329 def capwords(s, sep=None):
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330 """capwords(s, [sep]) -> string
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331
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332 Split the argument into words using split, capitalize each
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333 word using capitalize, and join the capitalized words using
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334 join. Note that this replaces runs of whitespace characters by
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335 a single space.
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336
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337 """
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338 return join(map(capitalize, s.split(sep)), sep or ' ')
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339
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340 # Construct a translation string
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341 _idmapL = None
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342 def maketrans(fromstr, tostr):
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343 """maketrans(frm, to) -> string
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344
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345 Return a translation table (a string of 256 bytes long)
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346 suitable for use in string.translate. The strings frm and to
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347 must be of the same length.
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348
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349 """
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350 if len(fromstr) != len(tostr):
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351 raise ValueError, "maketrans arguments must have same length"
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352 global _idmapL
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353 if not _idmapL:
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354 _idmapL = map(None, _idmap)
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355 L = _idmapL[:]
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356 fromstr = map(ord, fromstr)
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357 for i in range(len(fromstr)):
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358 L[fromstr[i]] = tostr[i]
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359 return join(L, "")
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360
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361 # Substring replacement (global)
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362 def replace(s, old, new, maxsplit=-1):
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363 """replace (str, old, new[, maxsplit]) -> string
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364
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365 Return a copy of string str with all occurrences of substring
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366 old replaced by new. If the optional argument maxsplit is
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367 given, only the first maxsplit occurrences are replaced.
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368
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369 """
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370 return s.replace(old, new, maxsplit)
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371
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372
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373 # Try importing optional built-in module "strop" -- if it exists,
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374 # it redefines some string operations that are 100-1000 times faster.
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375 # It also defines values for whitespace, lowercase and uppercase
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376 # that match <ctype.h>'s definitions.
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377
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378 try:
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379 from strop import maketrans, lowercase, uppercase, whitespace
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380 letters = lowercase + uppercase
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381 except ImportError:
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382 pass # Use the original versions