Mercurial > cpython-lru_cache-weakref

annotate Lib/pprint.py @ 33091:48100a01ac7c 2.3

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author Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
date Thu, 12 Aug 2004 13:14:20 +0000
parents 347e7b6dfd53
children e3025fe70d8b
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1 # Author: Fred L. Drake, Jr.
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2 # fdrake@acm.org
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3 #
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4 # This is a simple little module I wrote to make life easier. I didn't
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5 # see anything quite like it in the library, though I may have overlooked
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6 # something. I wrote this when I was trying to read some heavily nested
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7 # tuples with fairly non-descriptive content. This is modeled very much
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8 # after Lisp/Scheme - style pretty-printing of lists. If you find it
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9 # useful, thank small children who sleep at night.
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10
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11 """Support to pretty-print lists, tuples, & dictionaries recursively.
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12
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13 Very simple, but useful, especially in debugging data structures.
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14
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15 Classes
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16 -------
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17
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18 PrettyPrinter()
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19 Handle pretty-printing operations onto a stream using a configured
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20 set of formatting parameters.
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21
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22 Functions
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23 ---------
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24
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25 pformat()
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26 Format a Python object into a pretty-printed representation.
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27
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28 pprint()
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29 Pretty-print a Python object to a stream [default is sys.sydout].
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30
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31 saferepr()
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32 Generate a 'standard' repr()-like value, but protect against recursive
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33 data structures.
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34
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35 """
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36
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37 import sys as _sys
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38
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39 from cStringIO import StringIO as _StringIO
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40
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41 __all__ = ["pprint","pformat","isreadable","isrecursive","saferepr",
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42 "PrettyPrinter"]
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43
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44 # cache these for faster access:
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45 _commajoin = ", ".join
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46 _id = id
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47 _len = len
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48 _type = type
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50
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51 def pprint(object, stream=None):
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52 """Pretty-print a Python object to a stream [default is sys.sydout]."""
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53 printer = PrettyPrinter(stream=stream)
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54 printer.pprint(object)
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55
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56 def pformat(object):
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57 """Format a Python object into a pretty-printed representation."""
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58 return PrettyPrinter().pformat(object)
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59
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60 def saferepr(object):
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61 """Version of repr() which can handle recursive data structures."""
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62 return _safe_repr(object, {}, None, 0)[0]
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63
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64 def isreadable(object):
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65 """Determine if saferepr(object) is readable by eval()."""
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66 return _safe_repr(object, {}, None, 0)[1]
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67
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68 def isrecursive(object):
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69 """Determine if object requires a recursive representation."""
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70 return _safe_repr(object, {}, None, 0)[2]
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71
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72 class PrettyPrinter:
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73 def __init__(self, indent=1, width=80, depth=None, stream=None):
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74 """Handle pretty printing operations onto a stream using a set of
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75 configured parameters.
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76
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77 indent
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78 Number of spaces to indent for each level of nesting.
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79
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80 width
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81 Attempted maximum number of columns in the output.
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82
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83 depth
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84 The maximum depth to print out nested structures.
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85
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86 stream
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87 The desired output stream. If omitted (or false), the standard
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88 output stream available at construction will be used.
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89
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90 """
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91 indent = int(indent)
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92 width = int(width)
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93 assert indent >= 0
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94 assert depth is None or depth > 0, "depth must be > 0"
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95 assert width
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96 self._depth = depth
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97 self._indent_per_level = indent
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98 self._width = width
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99 if stream is not None:
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100 self._stream = stream
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101 else:
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102 self._stream = _sys.stdout
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103
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104 def pprint(self, object):
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105 self._stream.write(self.pformat(object) + "\n")
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106
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107 def pformat(self, object):
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108 sio = _StringIO()
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109 self._format(object, sio, 0, 0, {}, 0)
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110 return sio.getvalue()
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111
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112 def isrecursive(self, object):
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113 return self.format(object, {}, 0, 0)[2]
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114
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115 def isreadable(self, object):
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116 s, readable, recursive = self.format(object, {}, 0, 0)
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117 return readable and not recursive
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118
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119 def _format(self, object, stream, indent, allowance, context, level):
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120 level = level + 1
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121 objid = _id(object)
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122 if objid in context:
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123 stream.write(_recursion(object))
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124 self._recursive = True
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125 self._readable = False
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126 return
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127 rep = self._repr(object, context, level - 1)
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128 typ = _type(object)
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129 sepLines = _len(rep) > (self._width - 1 - indent - allowance)
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130 write = stream.write
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131
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132 if sepLines:
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133 if typ is dict:
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134 write('{')
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diff changeset
135 if self._indent_per_level > 1:
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parents: 23622
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136 write((self._indent_per_level - 1) * ' ')
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diff changeset
137 length = _len(object)
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diff changeset
138 if length:
261a70c0aa79 Brute-force performance hackery; buys back about 20% of the time for
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diff changeset
139 context[objid] = 1
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parents: 23622
diff changeset
140 indent = indent + self._indent_per_level
20819
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diff changeset
141 items = object.items()
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diff changeset
142 items.sort()
261a70c0aa79 Brute-force performance hackery; buys back about 20% of the time for
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diff changeset
143 key, ent = items[0]
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diff changeset
144 rep = self._repr(key, context, level)
20819
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145 write(rep)
261a70c0aa79 Brute-force performance hackery; buys back about 20% of the time for
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diff changeset
146 write(': ')
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147 self._format(ent, stream, indent + _len(rep) + 2,
20819
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diff changeset
148 allowance + 1, context, level)
261a70c0aa79 Brute-force performance hackery; buys back about 20% of the time for
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diff changeset
149 if length > 1:
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diff changeset
150 for key, ent in items[1:]:
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parents: 23622
diff changeset
151 rep = self._repr(key, context, level)
21061
1802a9edb4ee __format(): Applied SF patch #482003 by Skip to fix multiline dict
Barry Warsaw <barry@python.org>
parents: 20967
diff changeset
152 write(',\n%s%s: ' % (' '*indent, rep))
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parents: 23622
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153 self._format(ent, stream, indent + _len(rep) + 2,
20819
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diff changeset
154 allowance + 1, context, level)
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155 indent = indent - self._indent_per_level
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diff changeset
156 del context[objid]
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diff changeset
157 write('}')
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parents: 20348
diff changeset
158 return
5330
5a22f9b38aac Checking in a copy of Fred Drake's data structure pretty-printer
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
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159
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Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 29378
diff changeset
160 if typ is list or typ is tuple:
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parents: 29378
diff changeset
161 if typ is list:
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162 write('[')
261a70c0aa79 Brute-force performance hackery; buys back about 20% of the time for
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diff changeset
163 endchar = ']'
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164 else:
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165 write('(')
261a70c0aa79 Brute-force performance hackery; buys back about 20% of the time for
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diff changeset
166 endchar = ')'
24131
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167 if self._indent_per_level > 1:
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168 write((self._indent_per_level - 1) * ' ')
20819
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diff changeset
169 length = _len(object)
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parents: 20348
diff changeset
170 if length:
261a70c0aa79 Brute-force performance hackery; buys back about 20% of the time for
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diff changeset
171 context[objid] = 1
24131
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diff changeset
172 indent = indent + self._indent_per_level
e5ecef5a123a Change the "__ private" names to "_ protected"; this has been a pain for
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parents: 23622
diff changeset
173 self._format(object[0], stream, indent, allowance + 1,
e5ecef5a123a Change the "__ private" names to "_ protected"; this has been a pain for
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 23622
diff changeset
174 context, level)
20819
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diff changeset
175 if length > 1:
261a70c0aa79 Brute-force performance hackery; buys back about 20% of the time for
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 20348
diff changeset
176 for ent in object[1:]:
261a70c0aa79 Brute-force performance hackery; buys back about 20% of the time for
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parents: 20348
diff changeset
177 write(',\n' + ' '*indent)
24131
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Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 23622
diff changeset
178 self._format(ent, stream, indent,
20819
261a70c0aa79 Brute-force performance hackery; buys back about 20% of the time for
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 20348
diff changeset
179 allowance + 1, context, level)
24131
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Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 23622
diff changeset
180 indent = indent - self._indent_per_level
20819
261a70c0aa79 Brute-force performance hackery; buys back about 20% of the time for
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parents: 20348
diff changeset
181 del context[objid]
29379
347e7b6dfd53 Revert 1.25, as overloaded __repr__ is not considered.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 29378
diff changeset
182 if typ is tuple and length == 1:
20819
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diff changeset
183 write(',')
261a70c0aa79 Brute-force performance hackery; buys back about 20% of the time for
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 20348
diff changeset
184 write(endchar)
261a70c0aa79 Brute-force performance hackery; buys back about 20% of the time for
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 20348
diff changeset
185 return
5330
5a22f9b38aac Checking in a copy of Fred Drake's data structure pretty-printer
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
186
20819
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diff changeset
187 write(rep)
5330
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Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
188
24131
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Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 23622
diff changeset
189 def _repr(self, object, context, level):
22766
d26d8575ac62 Add an experimental mechanism to support extending the pprint formatting.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 21061
diff changeset
190 repr, readable, recursive = self.format(object, context.copy(),
24131
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Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 23622
diff changeset
191 self._depth, level)
7755
fb4b4d069cc7 Mass check-in after untabifying all files that need it.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 6312
diff changeset
192 if not readable:
24131
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Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 23622
diff changeset
193 self._readable = False
17820
4bcf88e4abff SF bug[ #423781: pprint.isrecursive() broken.
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 16562
diff changeset
194 if recursive:
24131
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195 self._recursive = True
7755
fb4b4d069cc7 Mass check-in after untabifying all files that need it.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 6312
diff changeset
196 return repr
5330
5a22f9b38aac Checking in a copy of Fred Drake's data structure pretty-printer
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
197
22766
d26d8575ac62 Add an experimental mechanism to support extending the pprint formatting.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
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diff changeset
198 def format(self, object, context, maxlevels, level):
d26d8575ac62 Add an experimental mechanism to support extending the pprint formatting.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 21061
diff changeset
199 """Format object for a specific context, returning a string
d26d8575ac62 Add an experimental mechanism to support extending the pprint formatting.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 21061
diff changeset
200 and flags indicating whether the representation is 'readable'
d26d8575ac62 Add an experimental mechanism to support extending the pprint formatting.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 21061
diff changeset
201 and whether the object represents a recursive construct.
d26d8575ac62 Add an experimental mechanism to support extending the pprint formatting.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 21061
diff changeset
202 """
d26d8575ac62 Add an experimental mechanism to support extending the pprint formatting.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 21061
diff changeset
203 return _safe_repr(object, context, maxlevels, level)
d26d8575ac62 Add an experimental mechanism to support extending the pprint formatting.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 21061
diff changeset
204
d26d8575ac62 Add an experimental mechanism to support extending the pprint formatting.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 21061
diff changeset
205
17820
4bcf88e4abff SF bug[ #423781: pprint.isrecursive() broken.
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 16562
diff changeset
206 # Return triple (repr_string, isreadable, isrecursive).
5330
5a22f9b38aac Checking in a copy of Fred Drake's data structure pretty-printer
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
207
20819
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diff changeset
208 def _safe_repr(object, context, maxlevels, level):
261a70c0aa79 Brute-force performance hackery; buys back about 20% of the time for
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parents: 20348
diff changeset
209 typ = _type(object)
29379
347e7b6dfd53 Revert 1.25, as overloaded __repr__ is not considered.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 29378
diff changeset
210 if typ is str:
26929
ffa4ab37036f - PrettyPrinter.isreadable(), .isrecursive():
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 24131
diff changeset
211 if 'locale' not in _sys.modules:
22867
e2f2187c3d2c Partial introduction of bools where appropriate.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 22766
diff changeset
212 return `object`, True, False
19697
bc6bd35f5998 Make pprint more locale-friendly; patch contributed by Denis S. Otkidach.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 17828
diff changeset
213 if "'" in object and '"' not in object:
bc6bd35f5998 Make pprint more locale-friendly; patch contributed by Denis S. Otkidach.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 17828
diff changeset
214 closure = '"'
bc6bd35f5998 Make pprint more locale-friendly; patch contributed by Denis S. Otkidach.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 17828
diff changeset
215 quotes = {'"': '\\"'}
bc6bd35f5998 Make pprint more locale-friendly; patch contributed by Denis S. Otkidach.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 17828
diff changeset
216 else:
bc6bd35f5998 Make pprint more locale-friendly; patch contributed by Denis S. Otkidach.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 17828
diff changeset
217 closure = "'"
bc6bd35f5998 Make pprint more locale-friendly; patch contributed by Denis S. Otkidach.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 17828
diff changeset
218 quotes = {"'": "\\'"}
20819
261a70c0aa79 Brute-force performance hackery; buys back about 20% of the time for
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parents: 20348
diff changeset
219 qget = quotes.get
26929
ffa4ab37036f - PrettyPrinter.isreadable(), .isrecursive():
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 24131
diff changeset
220 sio = _StringIO()
20819
261a70c0aa79 Brute-force performance hackery; buys back about 20% of the time for
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 20348
diff changeset
221 write = sio.write
19697
bc6bd35f5998 Make pprint more locale-friendly; patch contributed by Denis S. Otkidach.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 17828
diff changeset
222 for char in object:
bc6bd35f5998 Make pprint more locale-friendly; patch contributed by Denis S. Otkidach.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 17828
diff changeset
223 if char.isalpha():
20819
261a70c0aa79 Brute-force performance hackery; buys back about 20% of the time for
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 20348
diff changeset
224 write(char)
19697
bc6bd35f5998 Make pprint more locale-friendly; patch contributed by Denis S. Otkidach.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 17828
diff changeset
225 else:
20819
261a70c0aa79 Brute-force performance hackery; buys back about 20% of the time for
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 20348
diff changeset
226 write(qget(char, `char`[1:-1]))
22867
e2f2187c3d2c Partial introduction of bools where appropriate.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 22766
diff changeset
227 return ("%s%s%s" % (closure, sio.getvalue(), closure)), True, False
17828
26745053f840 pprint's workhorse _safe_repr() function took time quadratic in the # of
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 17820
diff changeset
228
29379
347e7b6dfd53 Revert 1.25, as overloaded __repr__ is not considered.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 29378
diff changeset
229 if typ is dict:
20819
261a70c0aa79 Brute-force performance hackery; buys back about 20% of the time for
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 20348
diff changeset
230 if not object:
22867
e2f2187c3d2c Partial introduction of bools where appropriate.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 22766
diff changeset
231 return "{}", True, False
20819
261a70c0aa79 Brute-force performance hackery; buys back about 20% of the time for
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 20348
diff changeset
232 objid = _id(object)
261a70c0aa79 Brute-force performance hackery; buys back about 20% of the time for
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 20348
diff changeset
233 if maxlevels and level > maxlevels:
22867
e2f2187c3d2c Partial introduction of bools where appropriate.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 22766
diff changeset
234 return "{...}", False, objid in context
20819
261a70c0aa79 Brute-force performance hackery; buys back about 20% of the time for
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 20348
diff changeset
235 if objid in context:
22867
e2f2187c3d2c Partial introduction of bools where appropriate.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 22766
diff changeset
236 return _recursion(object), False, True
20819
261a70c0aa79 Brute-force performance hackery; buys back about 20% of the time for
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 20348
diff changeset
237 context[objid] = 1
22867
e2f2187c3d2c Partial introduction of bools where appropriate.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 22766
diff changeset
238 readable = True
e2f2187c3d2c Partial introduction of bools where appropriate.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 22766
diff changeset
239 recursive = False
17828
26745053f840 pprint's workhorse _safe_repr() function took time quadratic in the # of
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 17820
diff changeset
240 components = []
20819
261a70c0aa79 Brute-force performance hackery; buys back about 20% of the time for
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 20348
diff changeset
241 append = components.append
261a70c0aa79 Brute-force performance hackery; buys back about 20% of the time for
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 20348
diff changeset
242 level += 1
261a70c0aa79 Brute-force performance hackery; buys back about 20% of the time for
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 20348
diff changeset
243 saferepr = _safe_repr
17828
26745053f840 pprint's workhorse _safe_repr() function took time quadratic in the # of
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 17820
diff changeset
244 for k, v in object.iteritems():
20819
261a70c0aa79 Brute-force performance hackery; buys back about 20% of the time for
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 20348
diff changeset
245 krepr, kreadable, krecur = saferepr(k, context, maxlevels, level)
261a70c0aa79 Brute-force performance hackery; buys back about 20% of the time for
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 20348
diff changeset
246 vrepr, vreadable, vrecur = saferepr(v, context, maxlevels, level)
261a70c0aa79 Brute-force performance hackery; buys back about 20% of the time for
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 20348
diff changeset
247 append("%s: %s" % (krepr, vrepr))
7755
fb4b4d069cc7 Mass check-in after untabifying all files that need it.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 6312
diff changeset
248 readable = readable and kreadable and vreadable
20819
261a70c0aa79 Brute-force performance hackery; buys back about 20% of the time for
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 20348
diff changeset
249 if krecur or vrecur:
22867
e2f2187c3d2c Partial introduction of bools where appropriate.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 22766
diff changeset
250 recursive = True
20819
261a70c0aa79 Brute-force performance hackery; buys back about 20% of the time for
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 20348
diff changeset
251 del context[objid]
261a70c0aa79 Brute-force performance hackery; buys back about 20% of the time for
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 20348
diff changeset
252 return "{%s}" % _commajoin(components), readable, recursive
17828
26745053f840 pprint's workhorse _safe_repr() function took time quadratic in the # of
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 17820
diff changeset
253
29379
347e7b6dfd53 Revert 1.25, as overloaded __repr__ is not considered.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 29378
diff changeset
254 if typ is list or typ is tuple:
347e7b6dfd53 Revert 1.25, as overloaded __repr__ is not considered.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 29378
diff changeset
255 if typ is list:
20819
261a70c0aa79 Brute-force performance hackery; buys back about 20% of the time for
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 20348
diff changeset
256 if not object:
22867
e2f2187c3d2c Partial introduction of bools where appropriate.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 22766
diff changeset
257 return "[]", True, False
20819
261a70c0aa79 Brute-force performance hackery; buys back about 20% of the time for
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 20348
diff changeset
258 format = "[%s]"
261a70c0aa79 Brute-force performance hackery; buys back about 20% of the time for
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 20348
diff changeset
259 elif _len(object) == 1:
261a70c0aa79 Brute-force performance hackery; buys back about 20% of the time for
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 20348
diff changeset
260 format = "(%s,)"
261a70c0aa79 Brute-force performance hackery; buys back about 20% of the time for
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 20348
diff changeset
261 else:
261a70c0aa79 Brute-force performance hackery; buys back about 20% of the time for
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 20348
diff changeset
262 if not object:
22867
e2f2187c3d2c Partial introduction of bools where appropriate.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 22766
diff changeset
263 return "()", True, False
20819
261a70c0aa79 Brute-force performance hackery; buys back about 20% of the time for
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 20348
diff changeset
264 format = "(%s)"
261a70c0aa79 Brute-force performance hackery; buys back about 20% of the time for
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 20348
diff changeset
265 objid = _id(object)
261a70c0aa79 Brute-force performance hackery; buys back about 20% of the time for
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266 if maxlevels and level > maxlevels:
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267 return format % "...", False, objid in context
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268 if objid in context:
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269 return _recursion(object), False, True
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270 context[objid] = 1
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271 readable = True
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272 recursive = False
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273 components = []
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274 append = components.append
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275 level += 1
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276 for o in object:
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277 orepr, oreadable, orecur = _safe_repr(o, context, maxlevels, level)
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278 append(orepr)
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279 if not oreadable:
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280 readable = False
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281 if orecur:
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282 recursive = True
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283 del context[objid]
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284 return format % _commajoin(components), readable, recursive
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bb8716095a81 Whitespace normalization.
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285
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286 rep = `object`
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287 return rep, (rep and not rep.startswith('<')), False
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288
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289
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290 def _recursion(object):
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291 return ("<Recursion on %s with id=%s>"
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292 % (_type(object).__name__, _id(object)))
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293
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294
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295 def _perfcheck(object=None):
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296 import time
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297 if object is None:
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298 object = [("string", (1, 2), [3, 4], {5: 6, 7: 8})] * 100000
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299 p = PrettyPrinter()
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300 t1 = time.time()
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301 _safe_repr(object, {}, None, 0)
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302 t2 = time.time()
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303 p.pformat(object)
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304 t3 = time.time()
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305 print "_safe_repr:", t2 - t1
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306 print "pformat:", t3 - t2
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307
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308 if __name__ == "__main__":
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309 _perfcheck()