Mercurial > cpython-lru_cache-weakref

annotate Lib/copy.py @ 5817:48b94de85bf3 legacy-trunk

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author Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
date Thu, 17 Jul 1997 16:29:42 +0000
parents 6f9a2c874018
children 07b7d4320b14
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1 """\
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2 Generic (shallow and deep) copying operations
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3 =============================================
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4
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5 Interface summary:
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6
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7 import copy
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8
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9 x = copy.copy(y) # make a shallow copy of y
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10 x = copy.deepcopy(y) # make a deep copy of y
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11
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12 For module specific errors, copy.error is raised.
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13
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14 The difference between shallow and deep copying is only relevant for
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15 compound objects (objects that contain other objects, like lists or
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16 class instances).
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17
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18 - A shallow copy constructs a new compound object and then (to the
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19 extent possible) inserts *the same objects* into in that the
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20 original contains.
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21
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22 - A deep copy constructs a new compound object and then, recursively,
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23 inserts *copies* into it of the objects found in the original.
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24
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25 Two problems often exist with deep copy operations that don't exist
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26 with shallow copy operations:
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27
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28 a) recursive objects (compound objects that, directly or indirectly,
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29 contain a reference to themselves) may cause a recursive loop
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30
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31 b) because deep copy copies *everything* it may copy too much, e.g.
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32 administrative data structures that should be shared even between
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33 copies
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34
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35 Python's deep copy operation avoids these problems by:
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36
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37 a) keeping a table of objects already copied during the current
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38 copying pass
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39
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40 b) letting user-defined classes override the copying operation or the
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41 set of components copied
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42
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43 This version does not copy types like module, class, function, method,
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44 nor stack trace, stack frame, nor file, socket, window, nor array, nor
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45 any similar types.
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46
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47 Classes can use the same interfaces to control copying that they use
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48 to control pickling: they can define methods called __getinitargs__(),
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49 __getstate__() and __setstate__(). See the __doc__ string of module
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50 "pickle" for information on these methods.
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51 """
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52
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53 import types
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54
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55 error = 'copy.error'
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56 Error = error # backward compatibility
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57
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58 def copy(x):
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59 """Shallow copy operation on arbitrary Python objects.
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60
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61 See the module's __doc__ string for more info.
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62 """
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63
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64 try:
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65 copierfunction = _copy_dispatch[type(x)]
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66 except KeyError:
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67 try:
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68 copier = x.__copy__
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69 except AttributeError:
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70 raise error, \
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71 "un(shallow)copyable object of type %s" % type(x)
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72 y = copier()
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73 else:
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74 y = copierfunction(x)
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75 return y
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76
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77 _copy_dispatch = d = {}
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78
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79 def _copy_atomic(x):
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80 return x
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81 d[types.NoneType] = _copy_atomic
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82 d[types.IntType] = _copy_atomic
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83 d[types.LongType] = _copy_atomic
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84 d[types.FloatType] = _copy_atomic
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85 d[types.StringType] = _copy_atomic
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86 d[types.CodeType] = _copy_atomic
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87 d[types.TypeType] = _copy_atomic
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88 d[types.XRangeType] = _copy_atomic
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89 d[types.ClassType] = _copy_atomic
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90
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91 def _copy_list(x):
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92 return x[:]
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93 d[types.ListType] = _copy_list
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94
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95 def _copy_tuple(x):
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96 return x[:]
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97 d[types.TupleType] = _copy_tuple
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98
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99 def _copy_dict(x):
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100 return x.copy()
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101 d[types.DictionaryType] = _copy_dict
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102
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103 def _copy_inst(x):
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104 if hasattr(x, '__copy__'):
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105 return x.__copy__()
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106 if hasattr(x, '__getinitargs__'):
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107 args = x.__getinitargs__()
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108 else:
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109 args = ()
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110 y = apply(x.__class__, args)
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111 if hasattr(x, '__getstate__'):
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112 state = x.__getstate__()
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113 else:
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114 state = x.__dict__
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115 if hasattr(y, '__setstate__'):
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116 y.__setstate__(state)
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117 else:
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118 for key in state.keys():
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119 setattr(y, key, state[key])
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120 return y
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121 d[types.InstanceType] = _copy_inst
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122
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123 del d
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124
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125 def deepcopy(x, memo = None):
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126 """Deep copy operation on arbitrary Python objects.
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127
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128 See the module's __doc__ string for more info.
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129 """
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130
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131 if memo is None:
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132 memo = {}
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133 d = id(x)
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134 if memo.has_key(d):
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135 return memo[d]
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136 try:
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137 copierfunction = _deepcopy_dispatch[type(x)]
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138 except KeyError:
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139 try:
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140 copier = x.__deepcopy__
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141 except AttributeError:
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142 raise error, \
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143 "un-deep-copyable object of type %s" % type(x)
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144 y = copier(memo)
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145 else:
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146 y = copierfunction(x, memo)
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147 memo[d] = y
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148 return y
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149
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150 _deepcopy_dispatch = d = {}
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151
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152 def _deepcopy_atomic(x, memo):
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153 return x
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154 d[types.NoneType] = _deepcopy_atomic
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155 d[types.IntType] = _deepcopy_atomic
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156 d[types.LongType] = _deepcopy_atomic
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157 d[types.FloatType] = _deepcopy_atomic
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158 d[types.StringType] = _deepcopy_atomic
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159 d[types.CodeType] = _deepcopy_atomic
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160 d[types.TypeType] = _deepcopy_atomic
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161 d[types.XRangeType] = _deepcopy_atomic
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162
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163 def _deepcopy_list(x, memo):
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164 y = []
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165 memo[id(x)] = y
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166 for a in x:
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167 y.append(deepcopy(a, memo))
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168 return y
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169 d[types.ListType] = _deepcopy_list
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170
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171 def _deepcopy_tuple(x, memo):
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172 y = []
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173 for a in x:
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174 y.append(deepcopy(a, memo))
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175 d = id(x)
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176 try:
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177 return memo[d]
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178 except KeyError:
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179 pass
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180 for i in range(len(x)):
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181 if x[i] is not y[i]:
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a1362a063122 Memoize _deepcopy_tuple() -- maybe this helps Tommy's problem.
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182 y = tuple(y)
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183 break
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184 else:
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185 y = x
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186 memo[d] = y
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187 return y
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188 d[types.TupleType] = _deepcopy_tuple
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189
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190 def _deepcopy_dict(x, memo):
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191 y = {}
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192 memo[id(x)] = y
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193 for key in x.keys():
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194 y[deepcopy(key, memo)] = deepcopy(x[key], memo)
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195 return y
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196 d[types.DictionaryType] = _deepcopy_dict
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197
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198 def _deepcopy_inst(x, memo):
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199 if hasattr(x, '__deepcopy__'):
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200 return x.__deepcopy__()
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201 if hasattr(x, '__getinitargs__'):
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202 args = x.__getinitargs__()
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203 args = deepcopy(args, memo)
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204 else:
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205 args = ()
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206 y = apply(x.__class__, args)
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207 memo[id(x)] = y
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208 if hasattr(x, '__getstate__'):
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209 state = x.__getstate__()
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210 else:
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211 state = x.__dict__
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212 state = deepcopy(state, memo)
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2a3e48972261 fix bogus hasttr usage
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213 if hasattr(y, '__setstate__'):
2101
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214 y.__setstate__(state)
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215 else:
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216 for key in state.keys():
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217 setattr(y, key, state[key])
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218 return y
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219 d[types.InstanceType] = _deepcopy_inst
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220
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221 del d
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222
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223 del types
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224
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225 def _test():
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d7ae5fb1d255 rename copy.Error to copy.error
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226 l = [None, 1, 2L, 3.14, 'xyzzy', (1, 2L), [3.14, 'abc'],
d7ae5fb1d255 rename copy.Error to copy.error
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227 {'abc': 'ABC'}, (), [], {}]
2101
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228 l1 = copy(l)
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229 print l1==l
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230 l1 = map(copy, l)
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231 print l1==l
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232 l1 = deepcopy(l)
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233 print l1==l
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234 class C:
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235 def __init__(self, arg=None):
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236 self.a = 1
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237 self.arg = arg
5659
6f9a2c874018 Remove '(' in column 0 of doc strings.
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238 if __name__ == '__main__':
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239 import sys
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240 file = sys.argv[0]
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241 else:
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242 file = __file__
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243 self.fp = open(file)
2101
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244 self.fp.close()
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245 def __getstate__(self):
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246 return {'a': self.a, 'arg': self.arg}
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247 def __setstate__(self, state):
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248 for key in state.keys():
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249 setattr(self, key, state[key])
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250 def __deepcopy__(self, memo = None):
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251 new = self.__class__(deepcopy(self.arg, memo))
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252 new.a = self.a
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253 return new
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254 c = C('argument sketch')
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255 l.append(c)
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256 l2 = copy(l)
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257 print l == l2
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258 print l
fdccc3222d0a shallow and deep copy operations
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259 print l2
fdccc3222d0a shallow and deep copy operations
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260 l2 = deepcopy(l)
fdccc3222d0a shallow and deep copy operations
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261 print l == l2
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262 print l
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263 print l2
fdccc3222d0a shallow and deep copy operations
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264 l.append({l[1]: l, 'xyz': l[2]})
fdccc3222d0a shallow and deep copy operations
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265 l3 = copy(l)
fdccc3222d0a shallow and deep copy operations
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266 import repr
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267 print map(repr.repr, l)
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268 print map(repr.repr, l1)
fdccc3222d0a shallow and deep copy operations
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269 print map(repr.repr, l2)
fdccc3222d0a shallow and deep copy operations
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270 print map(repr.repr, l3)
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271 l3 = deepcopy(l)
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272 import repr
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273 print map(repr.repr, l)
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274 print map(repr.repr, l1)
fdccc3222d0a shallow and deep copy operations
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275 print map(repr.repr, l2)
fdccc3222d0a shallow and deep copy operations
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276 print map(repr.repr, l3)
fdccc3222d0a shallow and deep copy operations
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277
fdccc3222d0a shallow and deep copy operations
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278 if __name__ == '__main__':
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279 _test()