Mercurial > cpython-lru_cache-weakref
annotate Lib/string.py @ 7278:59d2761ba1cf legacy-trunk
Remove obsolete pagenumbering / pagestyle cruft.
| author | Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> |
|---|---|
| date | Fri, 13 Feb 1998 07:08:56 +0000 |
| parents | 744e2b68f3b6 |
| children | b4b0e4e759c5 |
| rev | line source |
|---|---|
| 5 | 1 # module 'string' -- A collection of string operations |
| 2 | |
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3 # Warning: most of the code you see here isn't normally used nowadays. |
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4 # At the end of this file most functions are replaced by built-in |
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5 # functions imported from built-in module "strop". |
| 5 | 6 |
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7 """Common string manipulations. |
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8 |
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9 Public module variables: |
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10 |
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11 whitespace -- a string containing all characters considered whitespace |
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12 lowercase -- a string containing all characters considered lowercase letters |
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13 uppercase -- a string containing all characters considered uppercase letters |
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14 letters -- a string containing all characters considered letters |
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15 digits -- a string containing all characters considered decimal digits |
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16 hexdigits -- a string containing all characters considered hexadecimal digits |
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17 octdigits -- a string containing all characters considered octal digits |
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18 |
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19 """ |
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20 |
| 5 | 21 # Some strings for ctype-style character classification |
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22 whitespace = ' \t\n\r\v\f' |
| 5 | 23 lowercase = 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz' |
| 24 uppercase = 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ' | |
| 25 letters = lowercase + uppercase | |
| 26 digits = '0123456789' | |
| 27 hexdigits = digits + 'abcdef' + 'ABCDEF' | |
| 28 octdigits = '01234567' | |
| 29 | |
| 30 # Case conversion helpers | |
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31 _idmap = '' |
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32 for i in range(256): _idmap = _idmap + chr(i) |
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33 _lower = _idmap[:ord('A')] + lowercase + _idmap[ord('Z')+1:] |
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34 _upper = _idmap[:ord('a')] + uppercase + _idmap[ord('z')+1:] |
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35 _swapcase = _upper[:ord('A')] + lowercase + _upper[ord('Z')+1:] |
| 5 | 36 del i |
| 37 | |
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38 # Backward compatible names for exceptions |
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39 index_error = ValueError |
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40 atoi_error = ValueError |
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41 atof_error = ValueError |
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42 atol_error = ValueError |
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43 |
| 5 | 44 # convert UPPER CASE letters to lower case |
| 45 def lower(s): | |
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46 """lower(s) -> string |
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47 |
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48 Return a copy of the string s converted to lowercase. |
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49 |
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50 """ |
| 5 | 51 res = '' |
| 52 for c in s: | |
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53 res = res + _lower[ord(c)] |
| 5 | 54 return res |
| 55 | |
| 56 # Convert lower case letters to UPPER CASE | |
| 57 def upper(s): | |
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58 """upper(s) -> string |
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59 |
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60 Return a copy of the string s converted to uppercase. |
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61 |
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62 """ |
| 5 | 63 res = '' |
| 64 for c in s: | |
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65 res = res + _upper[ord(c)] |
| 5 | 66 return res |
| 67 | |
| 68 # Swap lower case letters and UPPER CASE | |
| 69 def swapcase(s): | |
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70 """swapcase(s) -> string |
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71 |
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72 Return a copy of the string s with upper case characters |
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73 converted to lowercase and vice versa. |
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74 |
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75 """ |
| 5 | 76 res = '' |
| 77 for c in s: | |
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78 res = res + _swapcase[ord(c)] |
| 5 | 79 return res |
| 80 | |
| 81 # Strip leading and trailing tabs and spaces | |
| 82 def strip(s): | |
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83 """strip(s) -> string |
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84 |
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85 Return a copy of the string s with leading and trailing |
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86 whitespace removed. |
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87 |
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88 """ |
| 5 | 89 i, j = 0, len(s) |
| 90 while i < j and s[i] in whitespace: i = i+1 | |
| 91 while i < j and s[j-1] in whitespace: j = j-1 | |
| 92 return s[i:j] | |
| 93 | |
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94 # Strip leading tabs and spaces |
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95 def lstrip(s): |
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96 """lstrip(s) -> string |
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97 |
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98 Return a copy of the string s with leading whitespace removed. |
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99 |
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100 """ |
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101 i, j = 0, len(s) |
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102 while i < j and s[i] in whitespace: i = i+1 |
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103 return s[i:j] |
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104 |
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105 # Strip trailing tabs and spaces |
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106 def rstrip(s): |
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107 """rstrip(s) -> string |
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108 |
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109 Return a copy of the string s with trailing whitespace |
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110 removed. |
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111 |
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112 """ |
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113 i, j = 0, len(s) |
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114 while i < j and s[j-1] in whitespace: j = j-1 |
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115 return s[i:j] |
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116 |
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117 |
| 5 | 118 # Split a string into a list of space/tab-separated words |
| 119 # NB: split(s) is NOT the same as splitfields(s, ' ')! | |
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120 def split(s, sep=None, maxsplit=0): |
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121 """split(str [,sep [,maxsplit]]) -> list of strings |
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122 |
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123 Return a list of the words in the string s, using sep as the |
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124 delimiter string. If maxsplit is nonzero, splits into at most |
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125 maxsplit words If sep is not specified, any whitespace string |
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126 is a separator. Maxsplit defaults to 0. |
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127 |
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128 (split and splitfields are synonymous) |
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129 |
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130 """ |
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131 if sep is not None: return splitfields(s, sep, maxsplit) |
| 5 | 132 res = [] |
| 133 i, n = 0, len(s) | |
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134 if maxsplit <= 0: maxsplit = n |
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135 count = 0 |
| 5 | 136 while i < n: |
| 137 while i < n and s[i] in whitespace: i = i+1 | |
| 559 | 138 if i == n: break |
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139 if count >= maxsplit: |
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140 res.append(s[i:]) |
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141 break |
| 5 | 142 j = i |
| 143 while j < n and s[j] not in whitespace: j = j+1 | |
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144 count = count + 1 |
| 5 | 145 res.append(s[i:j]) |
| 146 i = j | |
| 147 return res | |
| 148 | |
| 149 # Split a list into fields separated by a given string | |
| 150 # NB: splitfields(s, ' ') is NOT the same as split(s)! | |
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151 # splitfields(s, '') returns [s] (in analogy with split() in nawk) |
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152 def splitfields(s, sep=None, maxsplit=0): |
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153 """splitfields(str [,sep [,maxsplit]]) -> list of strings |
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154 |
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155 Return a list of the words in the string s, using sep as the |
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156 delimiter string. If maxsplit is nonzero, splits into at most |
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157 maxsplit words If sep is not specified, any whitespace string |
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158 is a separator. Maxsplit defaults to 0. |
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159 |
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160 (split and splitfields are synonymous) |
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161 |
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162 """ |
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163 if sep is None: return split(s, None, maxsplit) |
| 5 | 164 res = [] |
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165 nsep = len(sep) |
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166 if nsep == 0: |
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167 return [s] |
| 5 | 168 ns = len(s) |
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169 if maxsplit <= 0: maxsplit = ns |
| 5 | 170 i = j = 0 |
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171 count = 0 |
| 5 | 172 while j+nsep <= ns: |
| 559 | 173 if s[j:j+nsep] == sep: |
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174 count = count + 1 |
| 5 | 175 res.append(s[i:j]) |
| 176 i = j = j + nsep | |
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177 if count >= maxsplit: break |
| 5 | 178 else: |
| 179 j = j + 1 | |
| 180 res.append(s[i:]) | |
| 181 return res | |
| 182 | |
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183 # Join words with spaces between them |
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184 def join(words, sep = ' '): |
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185 """join(list [,sep]) -> string |
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186 |
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187 Return a string composed of the words in list, with |
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188 intervening occurences of sep. Sep defaults to a single |
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189 space. |
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190 |
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191 (joinfields and join are synonymous) |
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192 |
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193 """ |
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194 return joinfields(words, sep) |
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195 |
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196 # Join fields with optional separator |
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197 def joinfields(words, sep = ' '): |
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198 """joinfields(list [,sep]) -> string |
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199 |
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200 Return a string composed of the words in list, with |
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201 intervening occurences of sep. The default separator is a |
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202 single space. |
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203 |
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204 (joinfields and join are synonymous) |
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205 |
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206 """ |
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207 res = '' |
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208 for w in words: |
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209 res = res + (sep + w) |
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210 return res[len(sep):] |
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211 |
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212 # Find substring, raise exception if not found |
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213 def index(s, sub, i = 0, last=None): |
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214 """index(s, sub [,start [,end]]) -> int |
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215 |
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216 Return the lowest index in s where substring sub is found, |
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217 such that sub is contained within s[start,end]. Optional |
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218 arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation. |
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219 |
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220 Raise ValueError if not found. |
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221 |
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222 """ |
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223 if last is None: last = len(s) |
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224 res = find(s, sub, i, last) |
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225 if res < 0: |
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226 raise ValueError, 'substring not found in string.index' |
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227 return res |
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228 |
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229 # Find last substring, raise exception if not found |
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230 def rindex(s, sub, i = 0, last=None): |
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231 """rindex(s, sub [,start [,end]]) -> int |
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232 |
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233 Return the highest index in s where substring sub is found, |
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234 such that sub is contained within s[start,end]. Optional |
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235 arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation. |
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236 |
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237 Raise ValueError if not found. |
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238 |
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239 """ |
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240 if last is None: last = len(s) |
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241 res = rfind(s, sub, i, last) |
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242 if res < 0: |
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243 raise ValueError, 'substring not found in string.index' |
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244 return res |
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245 |
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246 # Count non-overlapping occurrences of substring |
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247 def count(s, sub, i = 0, last=None): |
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248 """count(s, sub[, start[,end]]) -> int |
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249 |
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250 Return the number of occurrences of substring sub in string |
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251 s[start:end]. Optional arguments start and end are |
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252 interpreted as in slice notation. |
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253 |
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254 """ |
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255 Slen = len(s) # cache this value, for speed |
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256 if last is None: |
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257 last = Slen |
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258 elif last < 0: |
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259 last = max(0, last + Slen) |
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260 elif last > Slen: |
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261 last = Slen |
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262 if i < 0: i = max(0, i + Slen) |
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263 n = len(sub) |
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264 m = last + 1 - n |
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265 if n == 0: return m-i |
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266 r = 0 |
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267 while i < m: |
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268 if sub == s[i:i+n]: |
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269 r = r+1 |
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270 i = i+n |
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271 else: |
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272 i = i+1 |
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273 return r |
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274 |
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275 # Find substring, return -1 if not found |
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276 def find(s, sub, i = 0, last=None): |
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277 """find(s, sub [,start [,end]]) -> in |
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278 |
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279 Return the lowest index in s where substring sub is found, |
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280 such that sub is contained within s[start,end]. Optional |
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281 arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation. |
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282 |
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283 Return -1 on failure. |
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284 |
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285 """ |
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286 Slen = len(s) # cache this value, for speed |
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287 if last is None: |
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288 last = Slen |
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289 elif last < 0: |
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290 last = max(0, last + Slen) |
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291 elif last > Slen: |
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292 last = Slen |
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293 if i < 0: i = max(0, i + Slen) |
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294 n = len(sub) |
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295 m = last + 1 - n |
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296 while i < m: |
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297 if sub == s[i:i+n]: return i |
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298 i = i+1 |
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299 return -1 |
| 5 | 300 |
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301 # Find last substring, return -1 if not found |
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302 def rfind(s, sub, i = 0, last=None): |
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303 """rfind(s, sub [,start [,end]]) -> int |
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304 |
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305 Return the highest index in s where substring sub is found, |
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306 such that sub is contained within s[start,end]. Optional |
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307 arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation. |
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308 |
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309 Return -1 on failure. |
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310 |
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311 """ |
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312 Slen = len(s) # cache this value, for speed |
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313 if last is None: |
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314 last = Slen |
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315 elif last < 0: |
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316 last = max(0, last + Slen) |
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317 elif last > Slen: |
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318 last = Slen |
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319 if i < 0: i = max(0, i + Slen) |
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320 n = len(sub) |
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321 m = last + 1 - n |
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322 r = -1 |
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323 while i < m: |
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324 if sub == s[i:i+n]: r = i |
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325 i = i+1 |
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326 return r |
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327 |
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328 # "Safe" environment for eval() |
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329 safe_env = {"__builtins__": {}} |
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330 |
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331 # Convert string to float |
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332 re = None |
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333 def atof(str): |
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334 """atof(s) -> float |
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335 |
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336 Return the floating point number represented by the string s. |
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337 |
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338 """ |
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339 global re |
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340 if re is None: |
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341 # Don't fail if re doesn't exist -- just skip the syntax check |
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342 try: |
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343 import re |
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344 except ImportError: |
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345 re = 0 |
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346 sign = '' |
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347 s = strip(str) |
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348 if s and s[0] in '+-': |
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349 sign = s[0] |
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350 s = s[1:] |
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351 if not s: |
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352 raise ValueError, 'non-float argument to string.atof' |
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353 while s[0] == '0' and len(s) > 1 and s[1] in digits: s = s[1:] |
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354 if re and not re.match('[0-9]*(\.[0-9]*)?([eE][-+]?[0-9]+)?$', s): |
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355 raise ValueError, 'non-float argument to string.atof' |
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356 try: |
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357 return float(eval(sign + s, safe_env)) |
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358 except SyntaxError: |
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359 raise ValueError, 'non-float argument to string.atof' |
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360 |
| 5 | 361 # Convert string to integer |
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362 def atoi(str, base=10): |
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363 """atoi(s [,base]) -> int |
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364 |
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365 Return the integer represented by the string s in the given |
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366 base, which defaults to 10. The string s must consist of one |
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367 or more digits, possibly preceded by a sign. If base is 0, it |
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368 is chosen from the leading characters of s, 0 for octal, 0x or |
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369 0X for hexadecimal. If base is 16, a preceding 0x or 0X is |
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370 accepted. |
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371 |
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372 """ |
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373 if base != 10: |
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374 # We only get here if strop doesn't define atoi() |
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375 raise ValueError, "this string.atoi doesn't support base != 10" |
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376 sign = '' |
| 5 | 377 s = str |
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378 if s and s[0] in '+-': |
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379 sign = s[0] |
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380 s = s[1:] |
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381 if not s: |
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382 raise ValueError, 'non-integer argument to string.atoi' |
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383 while s[0] == '0' and len(s) > 1: s = s[1:] |
| 5 | 384 for c in s: |
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385 if c not in digits: |
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386 raise ValueError, 'non-integer argument to string.atoi' |
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387 return eval(sign + s, safe_env) |
| 5 | 388 |
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389 # Convert string to long integer |
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390 def atol(str, base=10): |
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391 """atol(s [,base]) -> long |
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392 |
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393 Return the long integer represented by the string s in the |
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394 given base, which defaults to 10. The string s must consist |
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395 of one or more digits, possibly preceded by a sign. If base |
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396 is 0, it is chosen from the leading characters of s, 0 for |
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397 octal, 0x or 0X for hexadecimal. If base is 16, a preceding |
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398 0x or 0X is accepted. A trailing L or l is not accepted, |
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399 unless base is 0. |
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400 |
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401 """ |
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402 if base != 10: |
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403 # We only get here if strop doesn't define atol() |
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404 raise ValueError, "this string.atol doesn't support base != 10" |
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405 sign = '' |
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406 s = str |
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407 if s and s[0] in '+-': |
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408 sign = s[0] |
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409 s = s[1:] |
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410 if not s: |
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411 raise ValueError, 'non-integer argument to string.atol' |
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412 while s[0] == '0' and len(s) > 1: s = s[1:] |
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413 for c in s: |
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414 if c not in digits: |
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415 raise ValueError, 'non-integer argument to string.atol' |
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416 return eval(sign + s + 'L', safe_env) |
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417 |
| 5 | 418 # Left-justify a string |
| 419 def ljust(s, width): | |
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420 """ljust(s, width) -> string |
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421 |
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422 Return a left-justified version of s, in a field of the |
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423 specified width, padded with spaces as needed. The string is |
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424 never truncated. |
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425 |
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426 """ |
|
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427 n = width - len(s) |
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428 if n <= 0: return s |
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429 return s + ' '*n |
| 5 | 430 |
| 431 # Right-justify a string | |
| 432 def rjust(s, width): | |
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433 """rjust(s, width) -> string |
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434 |
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435 Return a right-justified version of s, in a field of the |
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436 specified width, padded with spaces as needed. The string is |
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437 never truncated. |
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438 |
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439 """ |
|
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440 n = width - len(s) |
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441 if n <= 0: return s |
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442 return ' '*n + s |
| 5 | 443 |
| 444 # Center a string | |
| 445 def center(s, width): | |
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446 """center(s, width) -> string |
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447 |
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448 Return a center version of s, in a field of the specified |
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449 width. padded with spaces as needed. The string is never |
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450 truncated. |
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451 |
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452 """ |
|
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453 n = width - len(s) |
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454 if n <= 0: return s |
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455 half = n/2 |
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456 if n%2 and width%2: |
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457 # This ensures that center(center(s, i), j) = center(s, j) |
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458 half = half+1 |
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459 return ' '*half + s + ' '*(n-half) |
| 5 | 460 |
| 461 # Zero-fill a number, e.g., (12, 3) --> '012' and (-3, 3) --> '-03' | |
| 462 # Decadent feature: the argument may be a string or a number | |
| 463 # (Use of this is deprecated; it should be a string as with ljust c.s.) | |
| 464 def zfill(x, width): | |
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465 """zfill(x, width) -> string |
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466 |
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467 Pad a numeric string x with zeros on the left, to fill a field |
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468 of the specified width. The string x is never truncated. |
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469 |
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470 """ |
| 559 | 471 if type(x) == type(''): s = x |
| 5 | 472 else: s = `x` |
| 473 n = len(s) | |
| 474 if n >= width: return s | |
| 475 sign = '' | |
| 365 | 476 if s[0] in ('-', '+'): |
| 477 sign, s = s[0], s[1:] | |
| 5 | 478 return sign + '0'*(width-n) + s |
|
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479 |
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480 # Expand tabs in a string. |
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481 # Doesn't take non-printing chars into account, but does understand \n. |
| 2958 | 482 def expandtabs(s, tabsize=8): |
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483 """expandtabs(s [,tabsize]) -> string |
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484 |
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485 Return a copy of the string s with all tab characters replaced |
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486 by the appropriate number of spaces, depending on the current |
|
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487 column, and the tabsize (default 8). |
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488 |
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489 """ |
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490 res = line = '' |
|
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491 for c in s: |
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492 if c == '\t': |
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493 c = ' '*(tabsize - len(line)%tabsize) |
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494 line = line + c |
|
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495 if c == '\n': |
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496 res = res + line |
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497 line = '' |
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498 return res + line |
|
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499 |
|
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500 # Character translation through look-up table. |
|
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501 def translate(s, table, deletions=""): |
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502 """translate(s,table [,deletechars]) -> string |
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503 |
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504 Return a copy of the string s, where all characters occurring |
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505 in the optional argument deletechars are removed, and the |
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506 remaining characters have been mapped through the given |
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507 translation table, which must be a string of length 256. |
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508 |
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509 """ |
|
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510 if type(table) != type('') or len(table) != 256: |
|
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511 raise TypeError, "translation table must be 256 characters long" |
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512 res = "" |
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513 for c in s: |
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514 if c not in deletions: |
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515 res = res + table[ord(c)] |
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516 return res |
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517 |
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518 # Capitalize a string, e.g. "aBc dEf" -> "Abc def". |
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519 def capitalize(s): |
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520 """capitalize(s) -> string |
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521 |
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522 Return a copy of the string s with only its first character |
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523 capitalized. |
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524 |
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525 """ |
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526 return upper(s[:1]) + lower(s[1:]) |
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527 |
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528 # Capitalize the words in a string, e.g. " aBc dEf " -> "Abc Def". |
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529 # See also regsub.capwords(). |
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Add optional separator character to capwords(), for completeness.
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530 def capwords(s, sep=None): |
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531 """capwords(s, [sep]) -> string |
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532 |
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533 Split the argument into words using split, capitalize each |
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534 word using capitalize, and join the capitalized words using |
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535 join. Note that this replaces runs of whitespace characters by |
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536 a single space. |
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537 |
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538 """ |
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539 return join(map(capitalize, split(s, sep)), sep or ' ') |
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540 |
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541 # Construct a translation string |
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542 _idmapL = None |
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543 def maketrans(fromstr, tostr): |
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544 """maketrans(frm, to) -> string |
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545 |
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546 Return a translation table (a string of 256 bytes long) |
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547 suitable for use in string.translate. The strings frm and to |
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548 must be of the same length. |
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549 |
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550 """ |
|
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551 if len(fromstr) != len(tostr): |
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552 raise ValueError, "maketrans arguments must have same length" |
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553 global _idmapL |
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554 if not _idmapL: |
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555 _idmapL = map(None, _idmap) |
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556 L = _idmapL[:] |
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557 fromstr = map(ord, fromstr) |
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558 for i in range(len(fromstr)): |
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559 L[fromstr[i]] = tostr[i] |
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560 return joinfields(L, "") |
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561 |
|
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Added new functions replace() and replace1().
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562 # Substring replacement (global) |
|
5244
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Changed my mind on replace().
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563 def replace(str, old, new, maxsplit=0): |
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564 """replace (str, old, new[, maxsplit]) -> string |
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565 |
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566 Return a copy of string str with all occurrences of substring |
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567 old replaced by new. If the optional argument maxsplit is |
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568 given, only the first maxsplit occurrences are replaced. |
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569 |
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|
570 """ |
|
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|
571 return joinfields(splitfields(str, old, maxsplit), new) |
|
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Added new functions replace() and replace1().
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|
572 |
|
5b407e0cbc71
Added new functions replace() and replace1().
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|
573 |
|
1078
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Misc changes and new modules. whrandom is "objectified". SOCKET.py
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|
574 # Try importing optional built-in module "strop" -- if it exists, |
|
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parents:
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575 # it redefines some string operations that are 100-1000 times faster. |
|
1331
07900834cc97
* pdb.py: set 'privileged' property when evaluating expressions
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576 # It also defines values for whitespace, lowercase and uppercase |
|
07900834cc97
* pdb.py: set 'privileged' property when evaluating expressions
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577 # that match <ctype.h>'s definitions. |
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578 |
|
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Misc changes and new modules. whrandom is "objectified". SOCKET.py
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|
579 try: |
|
245003c006a6
Misc changes and new modules. whrandom is "objectified". SOCKET.py
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diff
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|
580 from strop import * |
|
1331
07900834cc97
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|
581 letters = lowercase + uppercase |
|
1746
1940892d2fe3
Merge alpha100 branch back to main trunk
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
582 except ImportError: |
|
1940892d2fe3
Merge alpha100 branch back to main trunk
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
583 pass # Use the original, slow versions |