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annotate Include/objimpl.h @ 83447:678564fc0962 3.3

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#17789: test_random now works with unittest test discovery. Patch by Zachary Ware.
author Ezio Melotti <ezio.melotti@gmail.com>
date Fri, 19 Apr 2013 05:45:27 +0300
parents 99112b851b25
children 4d62a62ba44d c40f4c19d20b
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1 /* The PyObject_ memory family: high-level object memory interfaces.
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2 See pymem.h for the low-level PyMem_ family.
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3 */
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4
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5 #ifndef Py_OBJIMPL_H
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6 #define Py_OBJIMPL_H
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7
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8 #include "pymem.h"
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10 #ifdef __cplusplus
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11 extern "C" {
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12 #endif
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13
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14 /* BEWARE:
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15
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16 Each interface exports both functions and macros. Extension modules should
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17 use the functions, to ensure binary compatibility across Python versions.
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18 Because the Python implementation is free to change internal details, and
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19 the macros may (or may not) expose details for speed, if you do use the
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20 macros you must recompile your extensions with each Python release.
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21
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22 Never mix calls to PyObject_ memory functions with calls to the platform
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23 malloc/realloc/ calloc/free, or with calls to PyMem_.
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24 */
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25
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26 /*
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27 Functions and macros for modules that implement new object types.
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28
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29 - PyObject_New(type, typeobj) allocates memory for a new object of the given
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30 type, and initializes part of it. 'type' must be the C structure type used
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31 to represent the object, and 'typeobj' the address of the corresponding
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32 type object. Reference count and type pointer are filled in; the rest of
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33 the bytes of the object are *undefined*! The resulting expression type is
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34 'type *'. The size of the object is determined by the tp_basicsize field
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35 of the type object.
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36
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37 - PyObject_NewVar(type, typeobj, n) is similar but allocates a variable-size
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38 object with room for n items. In addition to the refcount and type pointer
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39 fields, this also fills in the ob_size field.
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41 - PyObject_Del(op) releases the memory allocated for an object. It does not
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42 run a destructor -- it only frees the memory. PyObject_Free is identical.
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44 - PyObject_Init(op, typeobj) and PyObject_InitVar(op, typeobj, n) don't
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45 allocate memory. Instead of a 'type' parameter, they take a pointer to a
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46 new object (allocated by an arbitrary allocator), and initialize its object
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47 header fields.
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48
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49 Note that objects created with PyObject_{New, NewVar} are allocated using the
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50 specialized Python allocator (implemented in obmalloc.c), if WITH_PYMALLOC is
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51 enabled. In addition, a special debugging allocator is used if PYMALLOC_DEBUG
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52 is also #defined.
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54 In case a specific form of memory management is needed (for example, if you
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55 must use the platform malloc heap(s), or shared memory, or C++ local storage or
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56 operator new), you must first allocate the object with your custom allocator,
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57 then pass its pointer to PyObject_{Init, InitVar} for filling in its Python-
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58 specific fields: reference count, type pointer, possibly others. You should
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59 be aware that Python no control over these objects because they don't
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60 cooperate with the Python memory manager. Such objects may not be eligible
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61 for automatic garbage collection and you have to make sure that they are
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62 released accordingly whenever their destructor gets called (cf. the specific
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63 form of memory management you're using).
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64
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65 Unless you have specific memory management requirements, use
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66 PyObject_{New, NewVar, Del}.
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67 */
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69 /*
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70 * Raw object memory interface
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71 * ===========================
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72 */
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74 /* Functions to call the same malloc/realloc/free as used by Python's
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75 object allocator. If WITH_PYMALLOC is enabled, these may differ from
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76 the platform malloc/realloc/free. The Python object allocator is
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77 designed for fast, cache-conscious allocation of many "small" objects,
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78 and with low hidden memory overhead.
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79
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80 PyObject_Malloc(0) returns a unique non-NULL pointer if possible.
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81
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82 PyObject_Realloc(NULL, n) acts like PyObject_Malloc(n).
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83 PyObject_Realloc(p != NULL, 0) does not return NULL, or free the memory
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84 at p.
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85
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86 Returned pointers must be checked for NULL explicitly; no action is
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87 performed on failure other than to return NULL (no warning it printed, no
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88 exception is set, etc).
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89
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90 For allocating objects, use PyObject_{New, NewVar} instead whenever
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91 possible. The PyObject_{Malloc, Realloc, Free} family is exposed
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92 so that you can exploit Python's small-block allocator for non-object
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93 uses. If you must use these routines to allocate object memory, make sure
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94 the object gets initialized via PyObject_{Init, InitVar} after obtaining
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95 the raw memory.
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96 */
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97 PyAPI_FUNC(void *) PyObject_Malloc(size_t);
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98 PyAPI_FUNC(void *) PyObject_Realloc(void *, size_t);
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99 PyAPI_FUNC(void) PyObject_Free(void *);
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102 /* Macros */
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103 #ifdef WITH_PYMALLOC
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104 #ifndef Py_LIMITED_API
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105 PyAPI_FUNC(void) _PyObject_DebugMallocStats(FILE *out);
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106 #endif /* #ifndef Py_LIMITED_API */
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107 #ifdef PYMALLOC_DEBUG /* WITH_PYMALLOC && PYMALLOC_DEBUG */
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108 PyAPI_FUNC(void *) _PyObject_DebugMalloc(size_t nbytes);
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109 PyAPI_FUNC(void *) _PyObject_DebugRealloc(void *p, size_t nbytes);
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110 PyAPI_FUNC(void) _PyObject_DebugFree(void *p);
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111 PyAPI_FUNC(void) _PyObject_DebugDumpAddress(const void *p);
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112 PyAPI_FUNC(void) _PyObject_DebugCheckAddress(const void *p);
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113 PyAPI_FUNC(void *) _PyObject_DebugMallocApi(char api, size_t nbytes);
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114 PyAPI_FUNC(void *) _PyObject_DebugReallocApi(char api, void *p, size_t nbytes);
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115 PyAPI_FUNC(void) _PyObject_DebugFreeApi(char api, void *p);
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116 PyAPI_FUNC(void) _PyObject_DebugCheckAddressApi(char api, const void *p);
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117 PyAPI_FUNC(void *) _PyMem_DebugMalloc(size_t nbytes);
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118 PyAPI_FUNC(void *) _PyMem_DebugRealloc(void *p, size_t nbytes);
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119 PyAPI_FUNC(void) _PyMem_DebugFree(void *p);
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120 #define PyObject_MALLOC _PyObject_DebugMalloc
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121 #define PyObject_Malloc _PyObject_DebugMalloc
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122 #define PyObject_REALLOC _PyObject_DebugRealloc
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123 #define PyObject_Realloc _PyObject_DebugRealloc
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124 #define PyObject_FREE _PyObject_DebugFree
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125 #define PyObject_Free _PyObject_DebugFree
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126
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127 #else /* WITH_PYMALLOC && ! PYMALLOC_DEBUG */
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128 #define PyObject_MALLOC PyObject_Malloc
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129 #define PyObject_REALLOC PyObject_Realloc
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130 #define PyObject_FREE PyObject_Free
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131 #endif
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132
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133 #else /* ! WITH_PYMALLOC */
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134 #define PyObject_MALLOC PyMem_MALLOC
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135 #define PyObject_REALLOC PyMem_REALLOC
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136 #define PyObject_FREE PyMem_FREE
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137
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138 #endif /* WITH_PYMALLOC */
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139
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140 #define PyObject_Del PyObject_Free
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141 #define PyObject_DEL PyObject_FREE
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142
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143 /*
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144 * Generic object allocator interface
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145 * ==================================
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146 */
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147
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148 /* Functions */
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149 PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyObject_Init(PyObject *, PyTypeObject *);
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150 PyAPI_FUNC(PyVarObject *) PyObject_InitVar(PyVarObject *,
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151 PyTypeObject *, Py_ssize_t);
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152 PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) _PyObject_New(PyTypeObject *);
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153 PyAPI_FUNC(PyVarObject *) _PyObject_NewVar(PyTypeObject *, Py_ssize_t);
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154
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155 #define PyObject_New(type, typeobj) \
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156 ( (type *) _PyObject_New(typeobj) )
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157 #define PyObject_NewVar(type, typeobj, n) \
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158 ( (type *) _PyObject_NewVar((typeobj), (n)) )
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159
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160 /* Macros trading binary compatibility for speed. See also pymem.h.
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161 Note that these macros expect non-NULL object pointers.*/
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162 #define PyObject_INIT(op, typeobj) \
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163 ( Py_TYPE(op) = (typeobj), _Py_NewReference((PyObject *)(op)), (op) )
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164 #define PyObject_INIT_VAR(op, typeobj, size) \
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165 ( Py_SIZE(op) = (size), PyObject_INIT((op), (typeobj)) )
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166
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167 #define _PyObject_SIZE(typeobj) ( (typeobj)->tp_basicsize )
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168
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169 /* _PyObject_VAR_SIZE returns the number of bytes (as size_t) allocated for a
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170 vrbl-size object with nitems items, exclusive of gc overhead (if any). The
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171 value is rounded up to the closest multiple of sizeof(void *), in order to
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172 ensure that pointer fields at the end of the object are correctly aligned
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173 for the platform (this is of special importance for subclasses of, e.g.,
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174 str or long, so that pointers can be stored after the embedded data).
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175
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176 Note that there's no memory wastage in doing this, as malloc has to
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177 return (at worst) pointer-aligned memory anyway.
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178 */
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179 #if ((SIZEOF_VOID_P - 1) & SIZEOF_VOID_P) != 0
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180 # error "_PyObject_VAR_SIZE requires SIZEOF_VOID_P be a power of 2"
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181 #endif
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182
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183 #define _PyObject_VAR_SIZE(typeobj, nitems) \
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184 _Py_SIZE_ROUND_UP((typeobj)->tp_basicsize + \
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185 (nitems)*(typeobj)->tp_itemsize, \
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186 SIZEOF_VOID_P)
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187
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188 #define PyObject_NEW(type, typeobj) \
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189 ( (type *) PyObject_Init( \
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190 (PyObject *) PyObject_MALLOC( _PyObject_SIZE(typeobj) ), (typeobj)) )
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191
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192 #define PyObject_NEW_VAR(type, typeobj, n) \
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193 ( (type *) PyObject_InitVar( \
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194 (PyVarObject *) PyObject_MALLOC(_PyObject_VAR_SIZE((typeobj),(n)) ),\
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195 (typeobj), (n)) )
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196
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197 /* This example code implements an object constructor with a custom
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198 allocator, where PyObject_New is inlined, and shows the important
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199 distinction between two steps (at least):
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200 1) the actual allocation of the object storage;
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201 2) the initialization of the Python specific fields
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202 in this storage with PyObject_{Init, InitVar}.
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203
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204 PyObject *
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205 YourObject_New(...)
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206 {
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207 PyObject *op;
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208
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209 op = (PyObject *) Your_Allocator(_PyObject_SIZE(YourTypeStruct));
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210 if (op == NULL)
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211 return PyErr_NoMemory();
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212
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213 PyObject_Init(op, &YourTypeStruct);
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214
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215 op->ob_field = value;
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216 ...
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217 return op;
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218 }
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219
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220 Note that in C++, the use of the new operator usually implies that
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221 the 1st step is performed automatically for you, so in a C++ class
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222 constructor you would start directly with PyObject_Init/InitVar
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223 */
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224
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225 /*
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226 * Garbage Collection Support
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227 * ==========================
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228 */
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229
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230 /* C equivalent of gc.collect(). */
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231 PyAPI_FUNC(Py_ssize_t) PyGC_Collect(void);
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232
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233 /* Test if a type has a GC head */
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234 #define PyType_IS_GC(t) PyType_HasFeature((t), Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC)
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235
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236 /* Test if an object has a GC head */
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237 #define PyObject_IS_GC(o) (PyType_IS_GC(Py_TYPE(o)) && \
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238 (Py_TYPE(o)->tp_is_gc == NULL || Py_TYPE(o)->tp_is_gc(o)))
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239
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240 PyAPI_FUNC(PyVarObject *) _PyObject_GC_Resize(PyVarObject *, Py_ssize_t);
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241 #define PyObject_GC_Resize(type, op, n) \
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242 ( (type *) _PyObject_GC_Resize((PyVarObject *)(op), (n)) )
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243
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244 /* GC information is stored BEFORE the object structure. */
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245 #ifndef Py_LIMITED_API
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246 typedef union _gc_head {
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247 struct {
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248 union _gc_head *gc_next;
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249 union _gc_head *gc_prev;
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250 Py_ssize_t gc_refs;
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251 } gc;
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252 long double dummy; /* force worst-case alignment */
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253 } PyGC_Head;
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254
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255 extern PyGC_Head *_PyGC_generation0;
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256
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257 #define _Py_AS_GC(o) ((PyGC_Head *)(o)-1)
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258
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259 #define _PyGC_REFS_UNTRACKED (-2)
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260 #define _PyGC_REFS_REACHABLE (-3)
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261 #define _PyGC_REFS_TENTATIVELY_UNREACHABLE (-4)
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262
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263 /* Tell the GC to track this object. NB: While the object is tracked the
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264 * collector it must be safe to call the ob_traverse method. */
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265 #define _PyObject_GC_TRACK(o) do { \
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266 PyGC_Head *g = _Py_AS_GC(o); \
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267 if (g->gc.gc_refs != _PyGC_REFS_UNTRACKED) \
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268 Py_FatalError("GC object already tracked"); \
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269 g->gc.gc_refs = _PyGC_REFS_REACHABLE; \
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270 g->gc.gc_next = _PyGC_generation0; \
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271 g->gc.gc_prev = _PyGC_generation0->gc.gc_prev; \
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272 g->gc.gc_prev->gc.gc_next = g; \
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273 _PyGC_generation0->gc.gc_prev = g; \
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274 } while (0);
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275
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276 /* Tell the GC to stop tracking this object.
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277 * gc_next doesn't need to be set to NULL, but doing so is a good
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278 * way to provoke memory errors if calling code is confused.
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279 */
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280 #define _PyObject_GC_UNTRACK(o) do { \
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281 PyGC_Head *g = _Py_AS_GC(o); \
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282 assert(g->gc.gc_refs != _PyGC_REFS_UNTRACKED); \
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283 g->gc.gc_refs = _PyGC_REFS_UNTRACKED; \
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284 g->gc.gc_prev->gc.gc_next = g->gc.gc_next; \
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285 g->gc.gc_next->gc.gc_prev = g->gc.gc_prev; \
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286 g->gc.gc_next = NULL; \
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287 } while (0);
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288
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289 /* True if the object is currently tracked by the GC. */
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290 #define _PyObject_GC_IS_TRACKED(o) \
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291 ((_Py_AS_GC(o))->gc.gc_refs != _PyGC_REFS_UNTRACKED)
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292
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293 /* True if the object may be tracked by the GC in the future, or already is.
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294 This can be useful to implement some optimizations. */
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295 #define _PyObject_GC_MAY_BE_TRACKED(obj) \
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296 (PyObject_IS_GC(obj) && \
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297 (!PyTuple_CheckExact(obj) || _PyObject_GC_IS_TRACKED(obj)))
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298 #endif /* Py_LIMITED_API */
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299
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300 PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) _PyObject_GC_Malloc(size_t);
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301 PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) _PyObject_GC_New(PyTypeObject *);
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302 PyAPI_FUNC(PyVarObject *) _PyObject_GC_NewVar(PyTypeObject *, Py_ssize_t);
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303 PyAPI_FUNC(void) PyObject_GC_Track(void *);
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304 PyAPI_FUNC(void) PyObject_GC_UnTrack(void *);
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305 PyAPI_FUNC(void) PyObject_GC_Del(void *);
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306
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307 #define PyObject_GC_New(type, typeobj) \
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308 ( (type *) _PyObject_GC_New(typeobj) )
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309 #define PyObject_GC_NewVar(type, typeobj, n) \
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310 ( (type *) _PyObject_GC_NewVar((typeobj), (n)) )
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311
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312
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313 /* Utility macro to help write tp_traverse functions.
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314 * To use this macro, the tp_traverse function must name its arguments
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315 * "visit" and "arg". This is intended to keep tp_traverse functions
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316 * looking as much alike as possible.
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317 */
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318 #define Py_VISIT(op) \
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319 do { \
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320 if (op) { \
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321 int vret = visit((PyObject *)(op), arg); \
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322 if (vret) \
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323 return vret; \
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324 } \
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325 } while (0)
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326
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327
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328 /* Test if a type supports weak references */
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329 #define PyType_SUPPORTS_WEAKREFS(t) ((t)->tp_weaklistoffset > 0)
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330
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331 #define PyObject_GET_WEAKREFS_LISTPTR(o) \
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332 ((PyObject **) (((char *) (o)) + Py_TYPE(o)->tp_weaklistoffset))
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333
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334 #ifdef __cplusplus
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335 }
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336 #endif
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337 #endif /* !Py_OBJIMPL_H */