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annotate Doc/lib/liburlparse.tex @ 38664:7619216bbc19 2.4

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Bug #1502728: Correctly link against librt library on HP-UX. (backport from rev. 46743)
author Georg Brandl <georg@python.org>
date Thu, 08 Jun 2006 12:54:16 +0000
parents ba160464a8c6
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1 \section{\module{urlparse} ---
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2 Parse URLs into components}
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3 \declaremodule{standard}{urlparse}
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4
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5 \modulesynopsis{Parse URLs into components.}
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6
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7 \index{WWW}
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8 \index{World Wide Web}
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9 \index{URL}
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10 \indexii{URL}{parsing}
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11 \indexii{relative}{URL}
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12
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13
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14 This module defines a standard interface to break Uniform Resource
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15 Locator (URL) strings up in components (addressing scheme, network
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16 location, path etc.), to combine the components back into a URL
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17 string, and to convert a ``relative URL'' to an absolute URL given a
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18 ``base URL.''
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19
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20 The module has been designed to match the Internet RFC on Relative
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21 Uniform Resource Locators (and discovered a bug in an earlier
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22 draft!). It supports the following URL schemes:
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23 \code{file}, \code{ftp}, \code{gopher}, \code{hdl}, \code{http},
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24 \code{https}, \code{imap}, \code{mailto}, \code{mms}, \code{news},
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25 \code{nntp}, \code{prospero}, \code{rsync}, \code{rtsp}, \code{rtspu},
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26 \code{shttp}, \code{sip}, \code{snews}, \code{svn}, \code{svn+ssh},
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27 \code{telnet}, \code{wais}.
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28
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29 The \module{urlparse} module defines the following functions:
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30
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31 \begin{funcdesc}{urlparse}{urlstring\optional{, default_scheme\optional{, allow_fragments}}}
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32 Parse a URL into 6 components, returning a 6-tuple: (addressing
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33 scheme, network location, path, parameters, query, fragment
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34 identifier). This corresponds to the general structure of a URL:
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35 \code{\var{scheme}://\var{netloc}/\var{path};\var{parameters}?\var{query}\#\var{fragment}}.
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36 Each tuple item is a string, possibly empty.
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37 The components are not broken up in smaller parts (e.g. the network
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38 location is a single string), and \% escapes are not expanded.
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39 The delimiters as shown above are not part of the tuple items,
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40 except for a leading slash in the \var{path} component, which is
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41 retained if present.
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42
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43 Example:
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44
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45 \begin{verbatim}
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46 urlparse('http://www.cwi.nl:80/%7Eguido/Python.html')
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47 \end{verbatim}
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48
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49 yields the tuple
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50
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51 \begin{verbatim}
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52 ('http', 'www.cwi.nl:80', '/%7Eguido/Python.html', '', '', '')
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53 \end{verbatim}
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54
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55 If the \var{default_scheme} argument is specified, it gives the
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56 default addressing scheme, to be used only if the URL string does not
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57 specify one. The default value for this argument is the empty string.
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58
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59 If the \var{allow_fragments} argument is zero, fragment identifiers
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60 are not allowed, even if the URL's addressing scheme normally does
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61 support them. The default value for this argument is \code{1}.
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62 \end{funcdesc}
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63
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64 \begin{funcdesc}{urlunparse}{tuple}
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65 Construct a URL string from a tuple as returned by \code{urlparse()}.
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66 This may result in a slightly different, but equivalent URL, if the
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67 URL that was parsed originally had redundant delimiters, e.g. a ? with
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68 an empty query (the draft states that these are equivalent).
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69 \end{funcdesc}
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70
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71 \begin{funcdesc}{urlsplit}{urlstring\optional{,
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72 default_scheme\optional{, allow_fragments}}}
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73 This is similar to \function{urlparse()}, but does not split the
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74 params from the URL. This should generally be used instead of
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75 \function{urlparse()} if the more recent URL syntax allowing
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76 parameters to be applied to each segment of the \var{path} portion of
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77 the URL (see \rfc{2396}) is wanted. A separate function is needed to
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78 separate the path segments and parameters. This function returns a
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79 5-tuple: (addressing scheme, network location, path, query, fragment
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80 identifier).
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81 \versionadded{2.2}
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82 \end{funcdesc}
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83
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84 \begin{funcdesc}{urlunsplit}{tuple}
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85 Combine the elements of a tuple as returned by \function{urlsplit()}
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86 into a complete URL as a string.
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87 \versionadded{2.2}
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88 \end{funcdesc}
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89
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90 \begin{funcdesc}{urljoin}{base, url\optional{, allow_fragments}}
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91 Construct a full (``absolute'') URL by combining a ``base URL''
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92 (\var{base}) with a ``relative URL'' (\var{url}). Informally, this
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93 uses components of the base URL, in particular the addressing scheme,
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94 the network location and (part of) the path, to provide missing
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95 components in the relative URL.
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96
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97 Example:
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98
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99 \begin{verbatim}
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100 urljoin('http://www.cwi.nl/%7Eguido/Python.html', 'FAQ.html')
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101 \end{verbatim}
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102
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103 yields the string
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104
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105 \begin{verbatim}
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106 'http://www.cwi.nl/%7Eguido/FAQ.html'
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107 \end{verbatim}
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108
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109 The \var{allow_fragments} argument has the same meaning as for
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110 \code{urlparse()}.
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111 \end{funcdesc}
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112
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113 \begin{funcdesc}{urldefrag}{url}
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114 If \var{url} contains a fragment identifier, returns a modified
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115 version of \var{url} with no fragment identifier, and the fragment
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116 identifier as a separate string. If there is no fragment identifier
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117 in \var{url}, returns \var{url} unmodified and an empty string.
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118 \end{funcdesc}
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119
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120
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121 \begin{seealso}
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122 \seerfc{1738}{Uniform Resource Locators (URL)}{
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123 This specifies the formal syntax and semantics of absolute
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124 URLs.}
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125 \seerfc{1808}{Relative Uniform Resource Locators}{
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126 This Request For Comments includes the rules for joining an
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127 absolute and a relative URL, including a fair number of
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128 ``Abnormal Examples'' which govern the treatment of border
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129 cases.}
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130 \seerfc{2396}{Uniform Resource Identifiers (URI): Generic Syntax}{
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131 Document describing the generic syntactic requirements for
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132 both Uniform Resource Names (URNs) and Uniform Resource
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133 Locators (URLs).}
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134 \end{seealso}