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annotate Doc/lib/liburlparse.tex @ 25838:8540887bcec6 2.2

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Backport of 2.183: Fix memory leak in add_subclass() found by NealN with valgrind.
author Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
date Fri, 18 Oct 2002 13:42:21 +0000
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1 \section{\module{urlparse} ---
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2 Parse URLs into components}
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3 \declaremodule{standard}{urlparse}
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4
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5 \modulesynopsis{Parse URLs into components.}
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6
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7 \index{WWW}
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8 \index{World Wide Web}
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9 \index{URL}
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10 \indexii{URL}{parsing}
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11 \indexii{relative}{URL}
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12
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13
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14 This module defines a standard interface to break Uniform Resource
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15 Locator (URL) strings up in components (addressing scheme, network
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16 location, path etc.), to combine the components back into a URL
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17 string, and to convert a ``relative URL'' to an absolute URL given a
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18 ``base URL.''
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19
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20 The module has been designed to match the Internet RFC on Relative
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21 Uniform Resource Locators (and discovered a bug in an earlier
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22 draft!).
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23
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24 It defines the following functions:
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25
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26 \begin{funcdesc}{urlparse}{urlstring\optional{, default_scheme\optional{, allow_fragments}}}
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27 Parse a URL into 6 components, returning a 6-tuple: (addressing
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28 scheme, network location, path, parameters, query, fragment
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29 identifier). This corresponds to the general structure of a URL:
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30 \code{\var{scheme}://\var{netloc}/\var{path};\var{parameters}?\var{query}\#\var{fragment}}.
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31 Each tuple item is a string, possibly empty.
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32 The components are not broken up in smaller parts (e.g. the network
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33 location is a single string), and \% escapes are not expanded.
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34 The delimiters as shown above are not part of the tuple items,
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35 except for a leading slash in the \var{path} component, which is
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36 retained if present.
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37
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38 Example:
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39
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40 \begin{verbatim}
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41 urlparse('http://www.cwi.nl:80/%7Eguido/Python.html')
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42 \end{verbatim}
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43
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44 yields the tuple
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45
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46 \begin{verbatim}
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47 ('http', 'www.cwi.nl:80', '/%7Eguido/Python.html', '', '', '')
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48 \end{verbatim}
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49
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50 If the \var{default_scheme} argument is specified, it gives the
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51 default addressing scheme, to be used only if the URL string does not
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52 specify one. The default value for this argument is the empty string.
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53
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54 If the \var{allow_fragments} argument is zero, fragment identifiers
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55 are not allowed, even if the URL's addressing scheme normally does
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56 support them. The default value for this argument is \code{1}.
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57 \end{funcdesc}
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58
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59 \begin{funcdesc}{urlunparse}{tuple}
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60 Construct a URL string from a tuple as returned by \code{urlparse()}.
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61 This may result in a slightly different, but equivalent URL, if the
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62 URL that was parsed originally had redundant delimiters, e.g. a ? with
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63 an empty query (the draft states that these are equivalent).
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64 \end{funcdesc}
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65
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66 \begin{funcdesc}{urlsplit}{urlstring\optional{,
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67 default_scheme\optional{, allow_fragments}}}
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68 This is similar to \function{urlparse()}, but does not split the
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69 params from the URL. This should generally be used instead of
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70 \function{urlparse()} if the more recent URL syntax allowing
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71 parameters to be applied to each segment of the \var{path} portion of
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72 the URL (see \rfc{2396}). A separate function is needed to separate
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73 the path segments and parameters. This function returns a 5-tuple:
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74 (addressing scheme, network location, path, query, fragment
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75 identifier).
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76 \versionadded{2.2}
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77 \end{funcdesc}
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78
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79 \begin{funcdesc}{urlunsplit}{tuple}
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80 Combine the elements of a tuple as returned by \function{urlsplit()}
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81 into a complete URL as a string.
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82 \versionadded{2.2}
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83 \end{funcdesc}
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84
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85 \begin{funcdesc}{urljoin}{base, url\optional{, allow_fragments}}
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86 Construct a full (``absolute'') URL by combining a ``base URL''
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87 (\var{base}) with a ``relative URL'' (\var{url}). Informally, this
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88 uses components of the base URL, in particular the addressing scheme,
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89 the network location and (part of) the path, to provide missing
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90 components in the relative URL.
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91
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92 Example:
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93
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94 \begin{verbatim}
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95 urljoin('http://www.cwi.nl/%7Eguido/Python.html', 'FAQ.html')
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96 \end{verbatim}
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97
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98 yields the string
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99
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100 \begin{verbatim}
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101 'http://www.cwi.nl/%7Eguido/FAQ.html'
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102 \end{verbatim}
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103
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104 The \var{allow_fragments} argument has the same meaning as for
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105 \code{urlparse()}.
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106 \end{funcdesc}
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107
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108 \begin{funcdesc}{urldefrag}{url}
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109 If \var{url} contains a fragment identifier, returns a modified
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110 version of \var{url} with no fragment identifier, and the fragment
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111 identifier as a separate string. If there is no fragment identifier
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112 in \var{url}, returns \var{url} unmodified and an empty string.
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113 \end{funcdesc}
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114
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115
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116 \begin{seealso}
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117 \seerfc{1738}{Uniform Resource Locators (URL)}{
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118 This specifies the formal syntax and semantics of absolute
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119 URLs.}
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120 \seerfc{1808}{Relative Uniform Resource Locators}{
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121 This Request For Comments includes the rules for joining an
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122 absolute and a relative URL, including a fair normal of
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123 ``Abnormal Examples'' which govern the treatment of border
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124 cases.}
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125 \seerfc{2396}{Uniform Resource Identifiers (URI): Generic Syntax}{
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126 Document describing the generic syntactic requirements for
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127 both Uniform Resource Names (URNs) and Uniform Resource
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128 Locators (URLs).}
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129 \end{seealso}