Mercurial > cpython-lru_cache-weakref
annotate Doc/api/api.tex @ 15164:8930ec3bc00a legacy-trunk
Added additional test cases for pulldom modifications.
| author | Lars Gustäbel <lars@gustaebel.de> |
|---|---|
| date | Wed, 11 Oct 2000 22:36:00 +0000 |
| parents | a13a2acbe214 |
| children | f1ade8ab1869 |
| rev | line source |
|---|---|
|
7527
26a8771a4cfd
Convert LaTeX support to create a new class of documents. HTML generation
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7493
diff
changeset
|
1 \documentclass{manual} |
|
5536
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
2 |
|
6417
4491f84ac223
Change title to {Python/C API Reference Manual}; remove \bcode \ecode
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6390
diff
changeset
|
3 \title{Python/C API Reference Manual} |
|
5536
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4 |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
5 \input{boilerplate} |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
6 |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
7 \makeindex % tell \index to actually write the .idx file |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
8 |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
9 |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
10 \begin{document} |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
11 |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
12 \maketitle |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
13 |
|
8782
ae3e2eaef9b9
Update to use a separate page for front matter.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
8138
diff
changeset
|
14 \ifhtml |
|
ae3e2eaef9b9
Update to use a separate page for front matter.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
8138
diff
changeset
|
15 \chapter*{Front Matter\label{front}} |
|
ae3e2eaef9b9
Update to use a separate page for front matter.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
8138
diff
changeset
|
16 \fi |
|
ae3e2eaef9b9
Update to use a separate page for front matter.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
8138
diff
changeset
|
17 |
|
5536
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
18 \input{copyright} |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
19 |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
20 \begin{abstract} |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
21 |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
22 \noindent |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
23 This manual documents the API used by C and \Cpp{} programmers who |
| 7308 | 24 want to write extension modules or embed Python. It is a companion to |
|
11451
38c7444f633a
Use \citetitle and \programopt as appropriate.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
11222
diff
changeset
|
25 \citetitle[../ext/ext.html]{Extending and Embedding the Python |
|
38c7444f633a
Use \citetitle and \programopt as appropriate.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
11222
diff
changeset
|
26 Interpreter}, which describes the general principles of extension |
|
38c7444f633a
Use \citetitle and \programopt as appropriate.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
11222
diff
changeset
|
27 writing but does not document the API functions in detail. |
|
5536
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
28 |
|
6991
f349bf0e9322
A whole bunch of typos fixed by Andrew Kuchling.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6653
diff
changeset
|
29 \strong{Warning:} The current version of this document is incomplete. |
|
f349bf0e9322
A whole bunch of typos fixed by Andrew Kuchling.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6653
diff
changeset
|
30 I hope that it is nevertheless useful. I will continue to work on it, |
|
f349bf0e9322
A whole bunch of typos fixed by Andrew Kuchling.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6653
diff
changeset
|
31 and release new versions from time to time, independent from Python |
|
f349bf0e9322
A whole bunch of typos fixed by Andrew Kuchling.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6653
diff
changeset
|
32 source code releases. |
|
f349bf0e9322
A whole bunch of typos fixed by Andrew Kuchling.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6653
diff
changeset
|
33 |
|
5536
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
34 \end{abstract} |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
35 |
|
7092
8a55643e667f
Removed \mytableofcontents; just use \tableofcontents.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7081
diff
changeset
|
36 \tableofcontents |
|
5536
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
37 |
|
6084
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
38 % XXX Consider moving all this back to ext.tex and giving api.tex |
|
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
39 % XXX a *really* short intro only. |
|
5536
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
40 |
| 10163 | 41 \chapter{Introduction \label{intro}} |
|
5536
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
42 |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
43 The Application Programmer's Interface to Python gives C and |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
44 \Cpp{} programmers access to the Python interpreter at a variety of |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
45 levels. The API is equally usable from \Cpp{}, but for brevity it is |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
46 generally referred to as the Python/C API. There are two |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
47 fundamentally different reasons for using the Python/C API. The first |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
48 reason is to write \emph{extension modules} for specific purposes; |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
49 these are C modules that extend the Python interpreter. This is |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
50 probably the most common use. The second reason is to use Python as a |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
51 component in a larger application; this technique is generally |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
52 referred to as \dfn{embedding} Python in an application. |
|
6040
1a43699108a6
Added new intro sections (incomplete); fixed various typos
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
5588
diff
changeset
|
53 |
|
6041
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
54 Writing an extension module is a relatively well-understood process, |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
55 where a ``cookbook'' approach works well. There are several tools |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
56 that automate the process to some extent. While people have embedded |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
57 Python in other applications since its early existence, the process of |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
58 embedding Python is less straightforward that writing an extension. |
|
6040
1a43699108a6
Added new intro sections (incomplete); fixed various typos
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
5588
diff
changeset
|
59 |
|
6041
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
60 Many API functions are useful independent of whether you're embedding |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
61 or extending Python; moreover, most applications that embed Python |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
62 will need to provide a custom extension as well, so it's probably a |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
63 good idea to become familiar with writing an extension before |
|
6040
1a43699108a6
Added new intro sections (incomplete); fixed various typos
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
5588
diff
changeset
|
64 attempting to embed Python in a real application. |
|
1a43699108a6
Added new intro sections (incomplete); fixed various typos
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
5588
diff
changeset
|
65 |
| 10163 | 66 |
| 67 \section{Include Files \label{includes}} | |
|
6653
c6c1d133677a
Several changes, e.g. restructuring of the intro to be closer to what
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6480
diff
changeset
|
68 |
|
c6c1d133677a
Several changes, e.g. restructuring of the intro to be closer to what
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6480
diff
changeset
|
69 All function, type and macro definitions needed to use the Python/C |
|
c6c1d133677a
Several changes, e.g. restructuring of the intro to be closer to what
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6480
diff
changeset
|
70 API are included in your code by the following line: |
|
c6c1d133677a
Several changes, e.g. restructuring of the intro to be closer to what
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6480
diff
changeset
|
71 |
| 7308 | 72 \begin{verbatim} |
| 73 #include "Python.h" | |
| 74 \end{verbatim} | |
| 75 | |
| 76 This implies inclusion of the following standard headers: | |
|
14870
e35a3a772dca
Note that including Python.h includes limits.h when available.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14782
diff
changeset
|
77 \code{<stdio.h>}, \code{<string.h>}, \code{<errno.h>}, |
|
e35a3a772dca
Note that including Python.h includes limits.h when available.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14782
diff
changeset
|
78 \code{<limits.h>}, and \code{<stdlib.h>} (if available). |
|
6653
c6c1d133677a
Several changes, e.g. restructuring of the intro to be closer to what
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6480
diff
changeset
|
79 |
|
c6c1d133677a
Several changes, e.g. restructuring of the intro to be closer to what
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6480
diff
changeset
|
80 All user visible names defined by Python.h (except those defined by |
| 7308 | 81 the included standard headers) have one of the prefixes \samp{Py} or |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
82 \samp{_Py}. Names beginning with \samp{_Py} are for internal use by |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
83 the Python implementation and should not be used by extension writers. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
84 Structure member names do not have a reserved prefix. |
|
6653
c6c1d133677a
Several changes, e.g. restructuring of the intro to be closer to what
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6480
diff
changeset
|
85 |
| 7308 | 86 \strong{Important:} user code should never define names that begin |
| 87 with \samp{Py} or \samp{_Py}. This confuses the reader, and | |
| 88 jeopardizes the portability of the user code to future Python | |
| 89 versions, which may define additional names beginning with one of | |
| 90 these prefixes. | |
|
6653
c6c1d133677a
Several changes, e.g. restructuring of the intro to be closer to what
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6480
diff
changeset
|
91 |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
92 The header files are typically installed with Python. On \UNIX, these |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
93 are located in the directories |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
94 \file{\envvar{prefix}/include/python\var{version}/} and |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
95 \file{\envvar{exec_prefix}/include/python\var{version}/}, where |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
96 \envvar{prefix} and \envvar{exec_prefix} are defined by the |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
97 corresponding parameters to Python's \program{configure} script and |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
98 \var{version} is \code{sys.version[:3]}. On Windows, the headers are |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
99 installed in \file{\envvar{prefix}/include}, where \envvar{prefix} is |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
100 the installation directory specified to the installer. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
101 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
102 To include the headers, place both directories (if different) on your |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
103 compiler's search path for includes. Do \emph{not} place the parent |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
104 directories on the search path and then use |
|
14557
a71385f8b4da
Use \shortversion in a number of places.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14553
diff
changeset
|
105 \samp{\#include <python\shortversion/Python.h>}; this will break on |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
106 multi-platform builds since the platform independent headers under |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
107 \envvar{prefix} include the platform specific headers from |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
108 \envvar{exec_prefix}. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
109 |
| 10163 | 110 |
| 111 \section{Objects, Types and Reference Counts \label{objects}} | |
|
6040
1a43699108a6
Added new intro sections (incomplete); fixed various typos
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
5588
diff
changeset
|
112 |
|
6653
c6c1d133677a
Several changes, e.g. restructuring of the intro to be closer to what
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6480
diff
changeset
|
113 Most Python/C API functions have one or more arguments as well as a |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
114 return value of type \ctype{PyObject*}. This type is a pointer |
| 7308 | 115 to an opaque data type representing an arbitrary Python |
|
6653
c6c1d133677a
Several changes, e.g. restructuring of the intro to be closer to what
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6480
diff
changeset
|
116 object. Since all Python object types are treated the same way by the |
|
c6c1d133677a
Several changes, e.g. restructuring of the intro to be closer to what
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6480
diff
changeset
|
117 Python language in most situations (e.g., assignments, scope rules, |
|
c6c1d133677a
Several changes, e.g. restructuring of the intro to be closer to what
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6480
diff
changeset
|
118 and argument passing), it is only fitting that they should be |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
119 represented by a single C type. Almost all Python objects live on the |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
120 heap: you never declare an automatic or static variable of type |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
121 \ctype{PyObject}, only pointer variables of type \ctype{PyObject*} can |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
122 be declared. The sole exception are the type objects\obindex{type}; |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
123 since these must never be deallocated, they are typically static |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
124 \ctype{PyTypeObject} objects. |
|
6040
1a43699108a6
Added new intro sections (incomplete); fixed various typos
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
5588
diff
changeset
|
125 |
| 7308 | 126 All Python objects (even Python integers) have a \dfn{type} and a |
| 127 \dfn{reference count}. An object's type determines what kind of object | |
|
6041
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
128 it is (e.g., an integer, a list, or a user-defined function; there are |
|
11451
38c7444f633a
Use \citetitle and \programopt as appropriate.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
11222
diff
changeset
|
129 many more as explained in the \citetitle[../ref/ref.html]{Python |
|
38c7444f633a
Use \citetitle and \programopt as appropriate.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
11222
diff
changeset
|
130 Reference Manual}). For each of the well-known types there is a macro |
|
38c7444f633a
Use \citetitle and \programopt as appropriate.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
11222
diff
changeset
|
131 to check whether an object is of that type; for instance, |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
132 \samp{PyList_Check(\var{a})} is true if (and only if) the object |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
133 pointed to by \var{a} is a Python list. |
|
6040
1a43699108a6
Added new intro sections (incomplete); fixed various typos
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
5588
diff
changeset
|
134 |
| 10163 | 135 |
| 136 \subsection{Reference Counts \label{refcounts}} | |
|
6084
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
137 |
|
6653
c6c1d133677a
Several changes, e.g. restructuring of the intro to be closer to what
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6480
diff
changeset
|
138 The reference count is important because today's computers have a |
|
8029
95142c8a09c8
Typo: (and often severly limited) -- severely
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
8021
diff
changeset
|
139 finite (and often severely limited) memory size; it counts how many |
|
6041
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
140 different places there are that have a reference to an object. Such a |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
141 place could be another object, or a global (or static) C variable, or |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
142 a local variable in some C function. When an object's reference count |
|
6041
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
143 becomes zero, the object is deallocated. If it contains references to |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
144 other objects, their reference count is decremented. Those other |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
145 objects may be deallocated in turn, if this decrement makes their |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
146 reference count become zero, and so on. (There's an obvious problem |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
147 with objects that reference each other here; for now, the solution is |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
148 ``don't do that.'') |
|
6040
1a43699108a6
Added new intro sections (incomplete); fixed various typos
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
5588
diff
changeset
|
149 |
|
6041
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
150 Reference counts are always manipulated explicitly. The normal way is |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
151 to use the macro \cfunction{Py_INCREF()}\ttindex{Py_INCREF()} to |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
152 increment an object's reference count by one, and |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
153 \cfunction{Py_DECREF()}\ttindex{Py_DECREF()} to decrement it by |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
154 one. The \cfunction{Py_DECREF()} macro is considerably more complex |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
155 than the incref one, since it must check whether the reference count |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
156 becomes zero and then cause the object's deallocator to be called. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
157 The deallocator is a function pointer contained in the object's type |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
158 structure. The type-specific deallocator takes care of decrementing |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
159 the reference counts for other objects contained in the object if this |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
160 is a compound object type, such as a list, as well as performing any |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
161 additional finalization that's needed. There's no chance that the |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
162 reference count can overflow; at least as many bits are used to hold |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
163 the reference count as there are distinct memory locations in virtual |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
164 memory (assuming \code{sizeof(long) >= sizeof(char*)}). Thus, the |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
165 reference count increment is a simple operation. |
|
6040
1a43699108a6
Added new intro sections (incomplete); fixed various typos
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
5588
diff
changeset
|
166 |
|
6041
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
167 It is not necessary to increment an object's reference count for every |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
168 local variable that contains a pointer to an object. In theory, the |
| 7308 | 169 object's reference count goes up by one when the variable is made to |
|
6041
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
170 point to it and it goes down by one when the variable goes out of |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
171 scope. However, these two cancel each other out, so at the end the |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
172 reference count hasn't changed. The only real reason to use the |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
173 reference count is to prevent the object from being deallocated as |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
174 long as our variable is pointing to it. If we know that there is at |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
175 least one other reference to the object that lives at least as long as |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
176 our variable, there is no need to increment the reference count |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
177 temporarily. An important situation where this arises is in objects |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
178 that are passed as arguments to C functions in an extension module |
|
6041
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
179 that are called from Python; the call mechanism guarantees to hold a |
|
6040
1a43699108a6
Added new intro sections (incomplete); fixed various typos
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
5588
diff
changeset
|
180 reference to every argument for the duration of the call. |
|
1a43699108a6
Added new intro sections (incomplete); fixed various typos
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
5588
diff
changeset
|
181 |
| 7308 | 182 However, a common pitfall is to extract an object from a list and |
| 183 hold on to it for a while without incrementing its reference count. | |
| 184 Some other operation might conceivably remove the object from the | |
| 185 list, decrementing its reference count and possible deallocating it. | |
| 186 The real danger is that innocent-looking operations may invoke | |
| 187 arbitrary Python code which could do this; there is a code path which | |
| 188 allows control to flow back to the user from a \cfunction{Py_DECREF()}, | |
| 189 so almost any operation is potentially dangerous. | |
|
6040
1a43699108a6
Added new intro sections (incomplete); fixed various typos
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
5588
diff
changeset
|
190 |
|
6041
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
191 A safe approach is to always use the generic operations (functions |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
192 whose name begins with \samp{PyObject_}, \samp{PyNumber_}, |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
193 \samp{PySequence_} or \samp{PyMapping_}). These operations always |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
194 increment the reference count of the object they return. This leaves |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
195 the caller with the responsibility to call |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
196 \cfunction{Py_DECREF()} when they are done with the result; this soon |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
197 becomes second nature. |
|
6040
1a43699108a6
Added new intro sections (incomplete); fixed various typos
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
5588
diff
changeset
|
198 |
| 10163 | 199 |
| 200 \subsubsection{Reference Count Details \label{refcountDetails}} | |
|
6084
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
201 |
|
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
202 The reference count behavior of functions in the Python/C API is best |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
203 explained in terms of \emph{ownership of references}. Note that we |
|
6653
c6c1d133677a
Several changes, e.g. restructuring of the intro to be closer to what
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6480
diff
changeset
|
204 talk of owning references, never of owning objects; objects are always |
|
6084
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
205 shared! When a function owns a reference, it has to dispose of it |
| 7308 | 206 properly --- either by passing ownership on (usually to its caller) or |
| 207 by calling \cfunction{Py_DECREF()} or \cfunction{Py_XDECREF()}. When | |
| 208 a function passes ownership of a reference on to its caller, the | |
| 209 caller is said to receive a \emph{new} reference. When no ownership | |
| 210 is transferred, the caller is said to \emph{borrow} the reference. | |
| 211 Nothing needs to be done for a borrowed reference. | |
|
6084
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
212 |
|
12930
6618325574cb
Documented PySequence_List() and PySequence_Tuple().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12355
diff
changeset
|
213 Conversely, when a calling function passes it a reference to an |
|
6084
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
214 object, there are two possibilities: the function \emph{steals} a |
|
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
215 reference to the object, or it does not. Few functions steal |
| 7308 | 216 references; the two notable exceptions are |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
217 \cfunction{PyList_SetItem()}\ttindex{PyList_SetItem()} and |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
218 \cfunction{PyTuple_SetItem()}\ttindex{PyTuple_SetItem()}, which |
| 7308 | 219 steal a reference to the item (but not to the tuple or list into which |
|
8029
95142c8a09c8
Typo: (and often severly limited) -- severely
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
8021
diff
changeset
|
220 the item is put!). These functions were designed to steal a reference |
| 7308 | 221 because of a common idiom for populating a tuple or list with newly |
| 222 created objects; for example, the code to create the tuple \code{(1, | |
| 223 2, "three")} could look like this (forgetting about error handling for | |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
224 the moment; a better way to code this is shown below): |
|
6084
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
225 |
|
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
226 \begin{verbatim} |
|
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
227 PyObject *t; |
| 7782 | 228 |
|
6084
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
229 t = PyTuple_New(3); |
|
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
230 PyTuple_SetItem(t, 0, PyInt_FromLong(1L)); |
|
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
231 PyTuple_SetItem(t, 1, PyInt_FromLong(2L)); |
|
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
232 PyTuple_SetItem(t, 2, PyString_FromString("three")); |
|
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
233 \end{verbatim} |
|
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
234 |
| 7308 | 235 Incidentally, \cfunction{PyTuple_SetItem()} is the \emph{only} way to |
| 236 set tuple items; \cfunction{PySequence_SetItem()} and | |
| 237 \cfunction{PyObject_SetItem()} refuse to do this since tuples are an | |
| 238 immutable data type. You should only use | |
| 239 \cfunction{PyTuple_SetItem()} for tuples that you are creating | |
|
6991
f349bf0e9322
A whole bunch of typos fixed by Andrew Kuchling.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6653
diff
changeset
|
240 yourself. |
|
6084
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
241 |
|
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
242 Equivalent code for populating a list can be written using |
| 7308 | 243 \cfunction{PyList_New()} and \cfunction{PyList_SetItem()}. Such code |
| 244 can also use \cfunction{PySequence_SetItem()}; this illustrates the | |
| 245 difference between the two (the extra \cfunction{Py_DECREF()} calls): | |
|
6084
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
246 |
|
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
247 \begin{verbatim} |
|
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
248 PyObject *l, *x; |
| 7782 | 249 |
|
6084
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
250 l = PyList_New(3); |
|
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
251 x = PyInt_FromLong(1L); |
|
6991
f349bf0e9322
A whole bunch of typos fixed by Andrew Kuchling.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6653
diff
changeset
|
252 PySequence_SetItem(l, 0, x); Py_DECREF(x); |
|
6084
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
253 x = PyInt_FromLong(2L); |
|
6991
f349bf0e9322
A whole bunch of typos fixed by Andrew Kuchling.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6653
diff
changeset
|
254 PySequence_SetItem(l, 1, x); Py_DECREF(x); |
|
6084
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
255 x = PyString_FromString("three"); |
|
6991
f349bf0e9322
A whole bunch of typos fixed by Andrew Kuchling.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6653
diff
changeset
|
256 PySequence_SetItem(l, 2, x); Py_DECREF(x); |
|
6084
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
257 \end{verbatim} |
|
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
258 |
|
6653
c6c1d133677a
Several changes, e.g. restructuring of the intro to be closer to what
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6480
diff
changeset
|
259 You might find it strange that the ``recommended'' approach takes more |
|
c6c1d133677a
Several changes, e.g. restructuring of the intro to be closer to what
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6480
diff
changeset
|
260 code. However, in practice, you will rarely use these ways of |
|
c6c1d133677a
Several changes, e.g. restructuring of the intro to be closer to what
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6480
diff
changeset
|
261 creating and populating a tuple or list. There's a generic function, |
| 7308 | 262 \cfunction{Py_BuildValue()}, that can create most common objects from |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
263 C values, directed by a \dfn{format string}. For example, the |
| 7308 | 264 above two blocks of code could be replaced by the following (which |
| 265 also takes care of the error checking): | |
|
6084
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
266 |
|
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
267 \begin{verbatim} |
|
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
268 PyObject *t, *l; |
| 7782 | 269 |
|
6084
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
270 t = Py_BuildValue("(iis)", 1, 2, "three"); |
|
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
271 l = Py_BuildValue("[iis]", 1, 2, "three"); |
|
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
272 \end{verbatim} |
|
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
273 |
| 7308 | 274 It is much more common to use \cfunction{PyObject_SetItem()} and |
| 275 friends with items whose references you are only borrowing, like | |
| 276 arguments that were passed in to the function you are writing. In | |
| 277 that case, their behaviour regarding reference counts is much saner, | |
| 278 since you don't have to increment a reference count so you can give a | |
| 279 reference away (``have it be stolen''). For example, this function | |
| 280 sets all items of a list (actually, any mutable sequence) to a given | |
| 281 item: | |
|
6084
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
282 |
|
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
283 \begin{verbatim} |
|
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
284 int set_all(PyObject *target, PyObject *item) |
|
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
285 { |
|
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
286 int i, n; |
| 7782 | 287 |
|
6084
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
288 n = PyObject_Length(target); |
|
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
289 if (n < 0) |
|
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
290 return -1; |
|
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
291 for (i = 0; i < n; i++) { |
|
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
292 if (PyObject_SetItem(target, i, item) < 0) |
|
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
293 return -1; |
|
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
294 } |
|
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
295 return 0; |
|
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
296 } |
|
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
297 \end{verbatim} |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
298 \ttindex{set_all()} |
|
6084
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
299 |
|
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
300 The situation is slightly different for function return values. |
|
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
301 While passing a reference to most functions does not change your |
|
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
302 ownership responsibilities for that reference, many functions that |
|
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
303 return a referece to an object give you ownership of the reference. |
|
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
304 The reason is simple: in many cases, the returned object is created |
|
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
305 on the fly, and the reference you get is the only reference to the |
| 7308 | 306 object. Therefore, the generic functions that return object |
| 307 references, like \cfunction{PyObject_GetItem()} and | |
| 308 \cfunction{PySequence_GetItem()}, always return a new reference (i.e., | |
| 309 the caller becomes the owner of the reference). | |
|
6084
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
310 |
|
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
311 It is important to realize that whether you own a reference returned |
| 7308 | 312 by a function depends on which function you call only --- \emph{the |
| 313 plumage} (i.e., the type of the type of the object passed as an | |
| 314 argument to the function) \emph{doesn't enter into it!} Thus, if you | |
| 315 extract an item from a list using \cfunction{PyList_GetItem()}, you | |
| 316 don't own the reference --- but if you obtain the same item from the | |
| 317 same list using \cfunction{PySequence_GetItem()} (which happens to | |
| 318 take exactly the same arguments), you do own a reference to the | |
| 319 returned object. | |
| 320 | |
| 321 Here is an example of how you could write a function that computes the | |
|
6084
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
322 sum of the items in a list of integers; once using |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
323 \cfunction{PyList_GetItem()}\ttindex{PyList_GetItem()}, and once using |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
324 \cfunction{PySequence_GetItem()}\ttindex{PySequence_GetItem()}. |
|
6084
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
325 |
|
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
326 \begin{verbatim} |
|
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
327 long sum_list(PyObject *list) |
|
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
328 { |
|
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
329 int i, n; |
|
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
330 long total = 0; |
|
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
331 PyObject *item; |
| 7782 | 332 |
|
6084
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
333 n = PyList_Size(list); |
|
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
334 if (n < 0) |
|
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
335 return -1; /* Not a list */ |
|
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
336 for (i = 0; i < n; i++) { |
|
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
337 item = PyList_GetItem(list, i); /* Can't fail */ |
|
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
338 if (!PyInt_Check(item)) continue; /* Skip non-integers */ |
|
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
339 total += PyInt_AsLong(item); |
|
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
340 } |
|
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
341 return total; |
|
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
342 } |
|
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
343 \end{verbatim} |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
344 \ttindex{sum_list()} |
|
6084
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
345 |
|
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
346 \begin{verbatim} |
|
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
347 long sum_sequence(PyObject *sequence) |
|
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
348 { |
|
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
349 int i, n; |
|
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
350 long total = 0; |
|
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
351 PyObject *item; |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
352 n = PySequence_Length(sequence); |
|
6084
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
353 if (n < 0) |
|
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
354 return -1; /* Has no length */ |
|
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
355 for (i = 0; i < n; i++) { |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
356 item = PySequence_GetItem(sequence, i); |
|
6084
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
357 if (item == NULL) |
|
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
358 return -1; /* Not a sequence, or other failure */ |
|
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
359 if (PyInt_Check(item)) |
|
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
360 total += PyInt_AsLong(item); |
|
6991
f349bf0e9322
A whole bunch of typos fixed by Andrew Kuchling.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6653
diff
changeset
|
361 Py_DECREF(item); /* Discard reference ownership */ |
|
6084
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
362 } |
|
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
363 return total; |
|
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
364 } |
|
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
365 \end{verbatim} |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
366 \ttindex{sum_sequence()} |
|
6084
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
367 |
| 10163 | 368 |
| 369 \subsection{Types \label{types}} | |
|
6084
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
370 |
|
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
371 There are few other data types that play a significant role in |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
372 the Python/C API; most are simple C types such as \ctype{int}, |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
373 \ctype{long}, \ctype{double} and \ctype{char*}. A few structure types |
|
6041
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
374 are used to describe static tables used to list the functions exported |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
375 by a module or the data attributes of a new object type, and another |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
376 is used to describe the value of a complex number. These will |
|
6040
1a43699108a6
Added new intro sections (incomplete); fixed various typos
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
5588
diff
changeset
|
377 be discussed together with the functions that use them. |
|
1a43699108a6
Added new intro sections (incomplete); fixed various typos
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
5588
diff
changeset
|
378 |
| 10163 | 379 |
| 380 \section{Exceptions \label{exceptions}} | |
|
6040
1a43699108a6
Added new intro sections (incomplete); fixed various typos
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
5588
diff
changeset
|
381 |
|
6041
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
382 The Python programmer only needs to deal with exceptions if specific |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
383 error handling is required; unhandled exceptions are automatically |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
384 propagated to the caller, then to the caller's caller, and so on, until |
|
6041
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
385 they reach the top-level interpreter, where they are reported to the |
|
6084
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
386 user accompanied by a stack traceback. |
|
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
387 |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
388 For C programmers, however, error checking always has to be explicit. |
|
6084
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
389 All functions in the Python/C API can raise exceptions, unless an |
|
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
390 explicit claim is made otherwise in a function's documentation. In |
|
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
391 general, when a function encounters an error, it sets an exception, |
|
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
392 discards any object references that it owns, and returns an |
| 7308 | 393 error indicator --- usually \NULL{} or \code{-1}. A few functions |
|
6084
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
394 return a Boolean true/false result, with false indicating an error. |
|
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
395 Very few functions return no explicit error indicator or have an |
|
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
396 ambiguous return value, and require explicit testing for errors with |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
397 \cfunction{PyErr_Occurred()}\ttindex{PyErr_Occurred()}. |
|
6084
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
398 |
|
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
399 Exception state is maintained in per-thread storage (this is |
|
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
400 equivalent to using global storage in an unthreaded application). A |
| 7782 | 401 thread can be in one of two states: an exception has occurred, or not. |
| 7308 | 402 The function \cfunction{PyErr_Occurred()} can be used to check for |
| 403 this: it returns a borrowed reference to the exception type object | |
| 404 when an exception has occurred, and \NULL{} otherwise. There are a | |
| 405 number of functions to set the exception state: | |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
406 \cfunction{PyErr_SetString()}\ttindex{PyErr_SetString()} is the most |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
407 common (though not the most general) function to set the exception |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
408 state, and \cfunction{PyErr_Clear()}\ttindex{PyErr_Clear()} clears the |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
409 exception state. |
|
6084
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
410 |
|
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
411 The full exception state consists of three objects (all of which can |
| 7308 | 412 be \NULL{}): the exception type, the corresponding exception |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
413 value, and the traceback. These have the same meanings as the Python |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
414 \withsubitem{(in module sys)}{ |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
415 \ttindex{exc_type}\ttindex{exc_value}\ttindex{exc_traceback}} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
416 objects \code{sys.exc_type}, \code{sys.exc_value}, and |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
417 \code{sys.exc_traceback}; however, they are not the same: the Python |
|
6084
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
418 objects represent the last exception being handled by a Python |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
419 \keyword{try} \ldots\ \keyword{except} statement, while the C level |
| 7308 | 420 exception state only exists while an exception is being passed on |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
421 between C functions until it reaches the Python bytecode interpreter's |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
422 main loop, which takes care of transferring it to \code{sys.exc_type} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
423 and friends. |
|
6084
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
424 |
| 7782 | 425 Note that starting with Python 1.5, the preferred, thread-safe way to |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
426 access the exception state from Python code is to call the function |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
427 \withsubitem{(in module sys)}{\ttindex{exc_info()}} |
| 7308 | 428 \function{sys.exc_info()}, which returns the per-thread exception state |
|
6084
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
429 for Python code. Also, the semantics of both ways to access the |
|
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
430 exception state have changed so that a function which catches an |
|
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
431 exception will save and restore its thread's exception state so as to |
|
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
432 preserve the exception state of its caller. This prevents common bugs |
|
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
433 in exception handling code caused by an innocent-looking function |
|
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
434 overwriting the exception being handled; it also reduces the often |
|
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
435 unwanted lifetime extension for objects that are referenced by the |
| 7782 | 436 stack frames in the traceback. |
|
6084
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
437 |
|
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
438 As a general principle, a function that calls another function to |
|
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
439 perform some task should check whether the called function raised an |
|
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
440 exception, and if so, pass the exception state on to its caller. It |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
441 should discard any object references that it owns, and return an |
| 7308 | 442 error indicator, but it should \emph{not} set another exception --- |
| 443 that would overwrite the exception that was just raised, and lose | |
| 444 important information about the exact cause of the error. | |
|
6084
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
445 |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
446 A simple example of detecting exceptions and passing them on is shown |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
447 in the \cfunction{sum_sequence()}\ttindex{sum_sequence()} example |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
448 above. It so happens that that example doesn't need to clean up any |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
449 owned references when it detects an error. The following example |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
450 function shows some error cleanup. First, to remind you why you like |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
451 Python, we show the equivalent Python code: |
|
6084
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
452 |
|
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
453 \begin{verbatim} |
|
6653
c6c1d133677a
Several changes, e.g. restructuring of the intro to be closer to what
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6480
diff
changeset
|
454 def incr_item(dict, key): |
|
6084
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
455 try: |
|
6653
c6c1d133677a
Several changes, e.g. restructuring of the intro to be closer to what
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6480
diff
changeset
|
456 item = dict[key] |
|
c6c1d133677a
Several changes, e.g. restructuring of the intro to be closer to what
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6480
diff
changeset
|
457 except KeyError: |
|
6084
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
458 item = 0 |
|
6653
c6c1d133677a
Several changes, e.g. restructuring of the intro to be closer to what
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6480
diff
changeset
|
459 return item + 1 |
|
6084
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
460 \end{verbatim} |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
461 \ttindex{incr_item()} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
462 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
463 Here is the corresponding C code, in all its glory: |
|
6084
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
464 |
|
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
465 \begin{verbatim} |
|
6653
c6c1d133677a
Several changes, e.g. restructuring of the intro to be closer to what
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6480
diff
changeset
|
466 int incr_item(PyObject *dict, PyObject *key) |
|
6084
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
467 { |
|
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
468 /* Objects all initialized to NULL for Py_XDECREF */ |
|
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
469 PyObject *item = NULL, *const_one = NULL, *incremented_item = NULL; |
|
6991
f349bf0e9322
A whole bunch of typos fixed by Andrew Kuchling.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6653
diff
changeset
|
470 int rv = -1; /* Return value initialized to -1 (failure) */ |
|
6084
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
471 |
|
6653
c6c1d133677a
Several changes, e.g. restructuring of the intro to be closer to what
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6480
diff
changeset
|
472 item = PyObject_GetItem(dict, key); |
|
6084
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
473 if (item == NULL) { |
| 7782 | 474 /* Handle KeyError only: */ |
| 475 if (!PyErr_ExceptionMatches(PyExc_KeyError)) goto error; | |
|
6084
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
476 |
|
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
477 /* Clear the error and use zero: */ |
|
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
478 PyErr_Clear(); |
|
6653
c6c1d133677a
Several changes, e.g. restructuring of the intro to be closer to what
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6480
diff
changeset
|
479 item = PyInt_FromLong(0L); |
|
6084
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
480 if (item == NULL) goto error; |
|
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
481 } |
|
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
482 |
|
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
483 const_one = PyInt_FromLong(1L); |
|
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
484 if (const_one == NULL) goto error; |
|
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
485 |
|
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
486 incremented_item = PyNumber_Add(item, const_one); |
|
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
487 if (incremented_item == NULL) goto error; |
|
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
488 |
|
6653
c6c1d133677a
Several changes, e.g. restructuring of the intro to be closer to what
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6480
diff
changeset
|
489 if (PyObject_SetItem(dict, key, incremented_item) < 0) goto error; |
|
6084
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
490 rv = 0; /* Success */ |
|
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
491 /* Continue with cleanup code */ |
|
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
492 |
|
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
493 error: |
|
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
494 /* Cleanup code, shared by success and failure path */ |
|
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
495 |
|
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
496 /* Use Py_XDECREF() to ignore NULL references */ |
|
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
497 Py_XDECREF(item); |
|
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
498 Py_XDECREF(const_one); |
|
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
499 Py_XDECREF(incremented_item); |
|
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
500 |
|
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
501 return rv; /* -1 for error, 0 for success */ |
|
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
502 } |
|
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
503 \end{verbatim} |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
504 \ttindex{incr_item()} |
|
6084
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
505 |
|
8120
068fea15cbcd
Convert recent additions to use new, "logical" markup.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
8109
diff
changeset
|
506 This example represents an endorsed use of the \keyword{goto} statement |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
507 in C! It illustrates the use of |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
508 \cfunction{PyErr_ExceptionMatches()}\ttindex{PyErr_ExceptionMatches()} and |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
509 \cfunction{PyErr_Clear()}\ttindex{PyErr_Clear()} to |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
510 handle specific exceptions, and the use of |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
511 \cfunction{Py_XDECREF()}\ttindex{Py_XDECREF()} to |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
512 dispose of owned references that may be \NULL{} (note the |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
513 \character{X} in the name; \cfunction{Py_DECREF()} would crash when |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
514 confronted with a \NULL{} reference). It is important that the |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
515 variables used to hold owned references are initialized to \NULL{} for |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
516 this to work; likewise, the proposed return value is initialized to |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
517 \code{-1} (failure) and only set to success after the final call made |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
518 is successful. |
|
6084
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
519 |
|
6040
1a43699108a6
Added new intro sections (incomplete); fixed various typos
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
5588
diff
changeset
|
520 |
| 10163 | 521 \section{Embedding Python \label{embedding}} |
|
6040
1a43699108a6
Added new intro sections (incomplete); fixed various typos
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
5588
diff
changeset
|
522 |
|
6653
c6c1d133677a
Several changes, e.g. restructuring of the intro to be closer to what
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6480
diff
changeset
|
523 The one important task that only embedders (as opposed to extension |
|
c6c1d133677a
Several changes, e.g. restructuring of the intro to be closer to what
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6480
diff
changeset
|
524 writers) of the Python interpreter have to worry about is the |
|
c6c1d133677a
Several changes, e.g. restructuring of the intro to be closer to what
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6480
diff
changeset
|
525 initialization, and possibly the finalization, of the Python |
|
c6c1d133677a
Several changes, e.g. restructuring of the intro to be closer to what
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6480
diff
changeset
|
526 interpreter. Most functionality of the interpreter can only be used |
|
c6c1d133677a
Several changes, e.g. restructuring of the intro to be closer to what
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6480
diff
changeset
|
527 after the interpreter has been initialized. |
|
6040
1a43699108a6
Added new intro sections (incomplete); fixed various typos
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
5588
diff
changeset
|
528 |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
529 The basic initialization function is |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
530 \cfunction{Py_Initialize()}\ttindex{Py_Initialize()}. |
| 7308 | 531 This initializes the table of loaded modules, and creates the |
|
7310
6095a472f574
Place C typedef for Py_complex after brief description, to be more consistent
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7309
diff
changeset
|
532 fundamental modules \module{__builtin__}\refbimodindex{__builtin__}, |
|
6095a472f574
Place C typedef for Py_complex after brief description, to be more consistent
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7309
diff
changeset
|
533 \module{__main__}\refbimodindex{__main__} and |
|
6095a472f574
Place C typedef for Py_complex after brief description, to be more consistent
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7309
diff
changeset
|
534 \module{sys}\refbimodindex{sys}. It also initializes the module |
| 7782 | 535 search path (\code{sys.path}).% |
| 536 \indexiii{module}{search}{path} | |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
537 \withsubitem{(in module sys)}{\ttindex{path}} |
| 7308 | 538 |
| 539 \cfunction{Py_Initialize()} does not set the ``script argument list'' | |
|
6041
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
540 (\code{sys.argv}). If this variable is needed by Python code that |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
541 will be executed later, it must be set explicitly with a call to |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
542 \code{PySys_SetArgv(\var{argc}, |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
543 \var{argv})}\ttindex{PySys_SetArgv()} subsequent to the call to |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
544 \cfunction{Py_Initialize()}. |
|
6040
1a43699108a6
Added new intro sections (incomplete); fixed various typos
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
5588
diff
changeset
|
545 |
| 7081 | 546 On most systems (in particular, on \UNIX{} and Windows, although the |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
547 details are slightly different), |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
548 \cfunction{Py_Initialize()} calculates the module search path based |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
549 upon its best guess for the location of the standard Python |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
550 interpreter executable, assuming that the Python library is found in a |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
551 fixed location relative to the Python interpreter executable. In |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
552 particular, it looks for a directory named |
|
14557
a71385f8b4da
Use \shortversion in a number of places.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14553
diff
changeset
|
553 \file{lib/python\shortversion} relative to the parent directory where |
|
a71385f8b4da
Use \shortversion in a number of places.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14553
diff
changeset
|
554 the executable named \file{python} is found on the shell command |
|
a71385f8b4da
Use \shortversion in a number of places.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14553
diff
changeset
|
555 search path (the environment variable \envvar{PATH}). |
|
6382
16cd39805fd5
Checkpoint. Added docs for the new exception handling APIs and for
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6126
diff
changeset
|
556 |
|
16cd39805fd5
Checkpoint. Added docs for the new exception handling APIs and for
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6126
diff
changeset
|
557 For instance, if the Python executable is found in |
| 7308 | 558 \file{/usr/local/bin/python}, it will assume that the libraries are in |
|
14557
a71385f8b4da
Use \shortversion in a number of places.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14553
diff
changeset
|
559 \file{/usr/local/lib/python\shortversion}. (In fact, this particular path |
| 7308 | 560 is also the ``fallback'' location, used when no executable file named |
| 7782 | 561 \file{python} is found along \envvar{PATH}.) The user can override |
| 562 this behavior by setting the environment variable \envvar{PYTHONHOME}, | |
|
6653
c6c1d133677a
Several changes, e.g. restructuring of the intro to be closer to what
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6480
diff
changeset
|
563 or insert additional directories in front of the standard path by |
| 7782 | 564 setting \envvar{PYTHONPATH}. |
|
6040
1a43699108a6
Added new intro sections (incomplete); fixed various typos
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
5588
diff
changeset
|
565 |
|
6041
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
566 The embedding application can steer the search by calling |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
567 \code{Py_SetProgramName(\var{file})}\ttindex{Py_SetProgramName()} \emph{before} calling |
| 7782 | 568 \cfunction{Py_Initialize()}. Note that \envvar{PYTHONHOME} still |
| 569 overrides this and \envvar{PYTHONPATH} is still inserted in front of | |
| 7308 | 570 the standard path. An application that requires total control has to |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
571 provide its own implementation of |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
572 \cfunction{Py_GetPath()}\ttindex{Py_GetPath()}, |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
573 \cfunction{Py_GetPrefix()}\ttindex{Py_GetPrefix()}, |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
574 \cfunction{Py_GetExecPrefix()}\ttindex{Py_GetExecPrefix()}, and |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
575 \cfunction{Py_GetProgramFullPath()}\ttindex{Py_GetProgramFullPath()} (all |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
576 defined in \file{Modules/getpath.c}). |
|
6040
1a43699108a6
Added new intro sections (incomplete); fixed various typos
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
5588
diff
changeset
|
577 |
|
6041
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
578 Sometimes, it is desirable to ``uninitialize'' Python. For instance, |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
579 the application may want to start over (make another call to |
| 7308 | 580 \cfunction{Py_Initialize()}) or the application is simply done with its |
|
6653
c6c1d133677a
Several changes, e.g. restructuring of the intro to be closer to what
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6480
diff
changeset
|
581 use of Python and wants to free all memory allocated by Python. This |
| 7308 | 582 can be accomplished by calling \cfunction{Py_Finalize()}. The function |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
583 \cfunction{Py_IsInitialized()}\ttindex{Py_IsInitialized()} returns |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
584 true if Python is currently in the initialized state. More |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
585 information about these functions is given in a later chapter. |
|
6653
c6c1d133677a
Several changes, e.g. restructuring of the intro to be closer to what
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6480
diff
changeset
|
586 |
|
c6c1d133677a
Several changes, e.g. restructuring of the intro to be closer to what
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6480
diff
changeset
|
587 |
| 10163 | 588 \chapter{The Very High Level Layer \label{veryhigh}} |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
589 |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
590 The functions in this chapter will let you execute Python source code |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
591 given in a file or a buffer, but they will not let you interact in a |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
592 more detailed way with the interpreter. |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
593 |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
594 Several of these functions accept a start symbol from the grammar as a |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
595 parameter. The available start symbols are \constant{Py_eval_input}, |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
596 \constant{Py_file_input}, and \constant{Py_single_input}. These are |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
597 described following the functions which accept them as parameters. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
598 |
|
13959
8be7524085d6
In the section on the "Very High Level Layer", address concerns brought up
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
13929
diff
changeset
|
599 Note also that several of these functions take \ctype{FILE*} |
|
8be7524085d6
In the section on the "Very High Level Layer", address concerns brought up
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
13929
diff
changeset
|
600 parameters. On particular issue which needs to be handled carefully |
|
8be7524085d6
In the section on the "Very High Level Layer", address concerns brought up
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
13929
diff
changeset
|
601 is that the \ctype{FILE} structure for different C libraries can be |
|
8be7524085d6
In the section on the "Very High Level Layer", address concerns brought up
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
13929
diff
changeset
|
602 different and incompatible. Under Windows (at least), it is possible |
|
8be7524085d6
In the section on the "Very High Level Layer", address concerns brought up
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
13929
diff
changeset
|
603 for dynamically linked extensions to actually use different libraries, |
|
8be7524085d6
In the section on the "Very High Level Layer", address concerns brought up
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
13929
diff
changeset
|
604 so care should be taken that \ctype{FILE*} parameters are only passed |
|
8be7524085d6
In the section on the "Very High Level Layer", address concerns brought up
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
13929
diff
changeset
|
605 to these functions if it is certain that they were created by the same |
|
8be7524085d6
In the section on the "Very High Level Layer", address concerns brought up
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
13929
diff
changeset
|
606 library that the Python runtime is using. |
|
8be7524085d6
In the section on the "Very High Level Layer", address concerns brought up
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
13929
diff
changeset
|
607 |
| 7782 | 608 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyRun_AnyFile}{FILE *fp, char *filename} |
|
10786
a34d6656f8e2
Fill in a few holes in the "Very High Level" chapter.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
10219
diff
changeset
|
609 If \var{fp} refers to a file associated with an interactive device |
|
a34d6656f8e2
Fill in a few holes in the "Very High Level" chapter.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
10219
diff
changeset
|
610 (console or terminal input or \UNIX{} pseudo-terminal), return the |
|
a34d6656f8e2
Fill in a few holes in the "Very High Level" chapter.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
10219
diff
changeset
|
611 value of \cfunction{PyRun_InteractiveLoop()}, otherwise return the |
|
a34d6656f8e2
Fill in a few holes in the "Very High Level" chapter.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
10219
diff
changeset
|
612 result of \cfunction{PyRun_SimpleFile()}. If \var{filename} is |
| 13929 | 613 \NULL{}, this function uses \code{"???"} as the filename. |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
614 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
615 |
| 7782 | 616 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyRun_SimpleString}{char *command} |
|
10786
a34d6656f8e2
Fill in a few holes in the "Very High Level" chapter.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
10219
diff
changeset
|
617 Executes the Python source code from \var{command} in the |
|
a34d6656f8e2
Fill in a few holes in the "Very High Level" chapter.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
10219
diff
changeset
|
618 \module{__main__} module. If \module{__main__} does not already |
|
a34d6656f8e2
Fill in a few holes in the "Very High Level" chapter.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
10219
diff
changeset
|
619 exist, it is created. Returns \code{0} on success or \code{-1} if |
|
a34d6656f8e2
Fill in a few holes in the "Very High Level" chapter.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
10219
diff
changeset
|
620 an exception was raised. If there was an error, there is no way to |
|
a34d6656f8e2
Fill in a few holes in the "Very High Level" chapter.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
10219
diff
changeset
|
621 get the exception information. |
| 7782 | 622 \end{cfuncdesc} |
| 623 | |
| 624 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyRun_SimpleFile}{FILE *fp, char *filename} | |
|
10786
a34d6656f8e2
Fill in a few holes in the "Very High Level" chapter.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
10219
diff
changeset
|
625 Similar to \cfunction{PyRun_SimpleString()}, but the Python source |
|
a34d6656f8e2
Fill in a few holes in the "Very High Level" chapter.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
10219
diff
changeset
|
626 code is read from \var{fp} instead of an in-memory string. |
|
a34d6656f8e2
Fill in a few holes in the "Very High Level" chapter.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
10219
diff
changeset
|
627 \var{filename} should be the name of the file. |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
628 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
629 |
| 7782 | 630 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyRun_InteractiveOne}{FILE *fp, char *filename} |
| 13929 | 631 Read and execute a single statement from a file associated with an |
| 632 interactive device. If \var{filename} is \NULL, \code{"???"} is | |
| 633 used instead. The user will be prompted using \code{sys.ps1} and | |
| 634 \code{sys.ps2}. Returns \code{0} when the input was executed | |
| 635 successfully, \code{-1} if there was an exception, or an error code | |
| 636 from the \file{errcode.h} include file distributed as part of Python | |
| 637 in case of a parse error. (Note that \file{errcode.h} is not | |
| 638 included by \file{Python.h}, so must be included specifically if | |
| 639 needed.) | |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
640 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
641 |
| 7782 | 642 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyRun_InteractiveLoop}{FILE *fp, char *filename} |
| 13929 | 643 Read and execute statements from a file associated with an |
| 644 interactive device until \EOF{} is reached. If \var{filename} is | |
| 645 \NULL, \code{"???"} is used instead. The user will be prompted | |
| 646 using \code{sys.ps1} and \code{sys.ps2}. Returns \code{0} at \EOF. | |
|
6653
c6c1d133677a
Several changes, e.g. restructuring of the intro to be closer to what
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6480
diff
changeset
|
647 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
c6c1d133677a
Several changes, e.g. restructuring of the intro to be closer to what
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6480
diff
changeset
|
648 |
| 7782 | 649 \begin{cfuncdesc}{struct _node*}{PyParser_SimpleParseString}{char *str, |
| 650 int start} | |
|
10786
a34d6656f8e2
Fill in a few holes in the "Very High Level" chapter.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
10219
diff
changeset
|
651 Parse Python source code from \var{str} using the start token |
|
a34d6656f8e2
Fill in a few holes in the "Very High Level" chapter.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
10219
diff
changeset
|
652 \var{start}. The result can be used to create a code object which |
|
a34d6656f8e2
Fill in a few holes in the "Very High Level" chapter.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
10219
diff
changeset
|
653 can be evaluated efficiently. This is useful if a code fragment |
|
a34d6656f8e2
Fill in a few holes in the "Very High Level" chapter.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
10219
diff
changeset
|
654 must be evaluated many times. |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
655 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
656 |
| 7782 | 657 \begin{cfuncdesc}{struct _node*}{PyParser_SimpleParseFile}{FILE *fp, |
| 658 char *filename, int start} | |
|
10786
a34d6656f8e2
Fill in a few holes in the "Very High Level" chapter.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
10219
diff
changeset
|
659 Similar to \cfunction{PyParser_SimpleParseString()}, but the Python |
|
a34d6656f8e2
Fill in a few holes in the "Very High Level" chapter.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
10219
diff
changeset
|
660 source code is read from \var{fp} instead of an in-memory string. |
|
a34d6656f8e2
Fill in a few holes in the "Very High Level" chapter.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
10219
diff
changeset
|
661 \var{filename} should be the name of the file. |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
662 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
663 |
| 7782 | 664 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyRun_String}{char *str, int start, |
| 665 PyObject *globals, | |
| 666 PyObject *locals} | |
|
10786
a34d6656f8e2
Fill in a few holes in the "Very High Level" chapter.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
10219
diff
changeset
|
667 Execute Python source code from \var{str} in the context specified |
|
a34d6656f8e2
Fill in a few holes in the "Very High Level" chapter.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
10219
diff
changeset
|
668 by the dictionaries \var{globals} and \var{locals}. The parameter |
|
a34d6656f8e2
Fill in a few holes in the "Very High Level" chapter.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
10219
diff
changeset
|
669 \var{start} specifies the start token that should be used to parse |
|
a34d6656f8e2
Fill in a few holes in the "Very High Level" chapter.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
10219
diff
changeset
|
670 the source code. |
|
a34d6656f8e2
Fill in a few holes in the "Very High Level" chapter.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
10219
diff
changeset
|
671 |
|
a34d6656f8e2
Fill in a few holes in the "Very High Level" chapter.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
10219
diff
changeset
|
672 Returns the result of executing the code as a Python object, or |
|
a34d6656f8e2
Fill in a few holes in the "Very High Level" chapter.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
10219
diff
changeset
|
673 \NULL{} if an exception was raised. |
|
5536
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
674 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
675 |
| 7782 | 676 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyRun_File}{FILE *fp, char *filename, |
| 677 int start, PyObject *globals, | |
| 678 PyObject *locals} | |
|
10786
a34d6656f8e2
Fill in a few holes in the "Very High Level" chapter.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
10219
diff
changeset
|
679 Similar to \cfunction{PyRun_String()}, but the Python source code is |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
680 read from \var{fp} instead of an in-memory string. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
681 \var{filename} should be the name of the file. |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
682 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
683 |
| 7782 | 684 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{Py_CompileString}{char *str, char *filename, |
| 685 int start} | |
|
10786
a34d6656f8e2
Fill in a few holes in the "Very High Level" chapter.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
10219
diff
changeset
|
686 Parse and compile the Python source code in \var{str}, returning the |
|
a34d6656f8e2
Fill in a few holes in the "Very High Level" chapter.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
10219
diff
changeset
|
687 resulting code object. The start token is given by \var{start}; |
|
11222
ecfe3d8cb0c3
Clarified start parameter to Py_CompileString, documented
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
11176
diff
changeset
|
688 this can be used to constrain the code which can be compiled and should |
|
ecfe3d8cb0c3
Clarified start parameter to Py_CompileString, documented
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
11176
diff
changeset
|
689 be \constant{Py_eval_input}, \constant{Py_file_input}, or |
|
ecfe3d8cb0c3
Clarified start parameter to Py_CompileString, documented
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
11176
diff
changeset
|
690 \constant{Py_single_input}. The filename specified by |
|
ecfe3d8cb0c3
Clarified start parameter to Py_CompileString, documented
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
11176
diff
changeset
|
691 \var{filename} is used to construct the code object and may appear |
|
ecfe3d8cb0c3
Clarified start parameter to Py_CompileString, documented
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
11176
diff
changeset
|
692 in tracebacks or \exception{SyntaxError} exception messages. This |
|
ecfe3d8cb0c3
Clarified start parameter to Py_CompileString, documented
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
11176
diff
changeset
|
693 returns \NULL{} if the code cannot be parsed or compiled. |
|
5536
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
694 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
695 |
|
11222
ecfe3d8cb0c3
Clarified start parameter to Py_CompileString, documented
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
11176
diff
changeset
|
696 \begin{cvardesc}{int}{Py_eval_input} |
|
ecfe3d8cb0c3
Clarified start parameter to Py_CompileString, documented
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
11176
diff
changeset
|
697 The start symbol from the Python grammar for isolated expressions; |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
698 for use with \cfunction{Py_CompileString()}\ttindex{Py_CompileString()}. |
|
11222
ecfe3d8cb0c3
Clarified start parameter to Py_CompileString, documented
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
11176
diff
changeset
|
699 \end{cvardesc} |
|
ecfe3d8cb0c3
Clarified start parameter to Py_CompileString, documented
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
11176
diff
changeset
|
700 |
|
ecfe3d8cb0c3
Clarified start parameter to Py_CompileString, documented
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
11176
diff
changeset
|
701 \begin{cvardesc}{int}{Py_file_input} |
|
ecfe3d8cb0c3
Clarified start parameter to Py_CompileString, documented
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
11176
diff
changeset
|
702 The start symbol from the Python grammar for sequences of statements |
|
ecfe3d8cb0c3
Clarified start parameter to Py_CompileString, documented
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
11176
diff
changeset
|
703 as read from a file or other source; for use with |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
704 \cfunction{Py_CompileString()}\ttindex{Py_CompileString()}. This is |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
705 the symbol to use when compiling arbitrarily long Python source code. |
|
11222
ecfe3d8cb0c3
Clarified start parameter to Py_CompileString, documented
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
11176
diff
changeset
|
706 \end{cvardesc} |
|
ecfe3d8cb0c3
Clarified start parameter to Py_CompileString, documented
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
11176
diff
changeset
|
707 |
|
ecfe3d8cb0c3
Clarified start parameter to Py_CompileString, documented
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
11176
diff
changeset
|
708 \begin{cvardesc}{int}{Py_single_input} |
|
ecfe3d8cb0c3
Clarified start parameter to Py_CompileString, documented
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
11176
diff
changeset
|
709 The start symbol from the Python grammar for a single statement; for |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
710 use with \cfunction{Py_CompileString()}\ttindex{Py_CompileString()}. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
711 This is the symbol used for the interactive interpreter loop. |
|
11222
ecfe3d8cb0c3
Clarified start parameter to Py_CompileString, documented
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
11176
diff
changeset
|
712 \end{cvardesc} |
|
ecfe3d8cb0c3
Clarified start parameter to Py_CompileString, documented
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
11176
diff
changeset
|
713 |
|
5536
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
714 |
| 10163 | 715 \chapter{Reference Counting \label{countingRefs}} |
|
5536
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
716 |
|
6653
c6c1d133677a
Several changes, e.g. restructuring of the intro to be closer to what
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6480
diff
changeset
|
717 The macros in this section are used for managing reference counts |
|
5536
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
718 of Python objects. |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
719 |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
720 \begin{cfuncdesc}{void}{Py_INCREF}{PyObject *o} |
| 7782 | 721 Increment the reference count for object \var{o}. The object must |
|
5536
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
722 not be \NULL{}; if you aren't sure that it isn't \NULL{}, use |
| 7308 | 723 \cfunction{Py_XINCREF()}. |
|
5536
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
724 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
725 |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
726 \begin{cfuncdesc}{void}{Py_XINCREF}{PyObject *o} |
| 7308 | 727 Increment the reference count for object \var{o}. The object may be |
|
6653
c6c1d133677a
Several changes, e.g. restructuring of the intro to be closer to what
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6480
diff
changeset
|
728 \NULL{}, in which case the macro has no effect. |
|
5536
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
729 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
730 |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
731 \begin{cfuncdesc}{void}{Py_DECREF}{PyObject *o} |
| 7308 | 732 Decrement the reference count for object \var{o}. The object must |
|
5536
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
733 not be \NULL{}; if you aren't sure that it isn't \NULL{}, use |
| 7308 | 734 \cfunction{Py_XDECREF()}. If the reference count reaches zero, the |
| 735 object's type's deallocation function (which must not be \NULL{}) is | |
| 736 invoked. | |
|
5536
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
737 |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
738 \strong{Warning:} The deallocation function can cause arbitrary Python |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
739 code to be invoked (e.g. when a class instance with a |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
740 \method{__del__()} method is deallocated). While exceptions in such |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
741 code are not propagated, the executed code has free access to all |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
742 Python global variables. This means that any object that is reachable |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
743 from a global variable should be in a consistent state before |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
744 \cfunction{Py_DECREF()} is invoked. For example, code to delete an |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
745 object from a list should copy a reference to the deleted object in a |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
746 temporary variable, update the list data structure, and then call |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
747 \cfunction{Py_DECREF()} for the temporary variable. |
|
5536
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
748 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
749 |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
750 \begin{cfuncdesc}{void}{Py_XDECREF}{PyObject *o} |
| 7308 | 751 Decrement the reference count for object \var{o}. The object may be |
| 752 \NULL{}, in which case the macro has no effect; otherwise the effect | |
| 753 is the same as for \cfunction{Py_DECREF()}, and the same warning | |
|
5536
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
754 applies. |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
755 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
756 |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
757 The following functions or macros are only for use within the |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
758 interpreter core: \cfunction{_Py_Dealloc()}, |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
759 \cfunction{_Py_ForgetReference()}, \cfunction{_Py_NewReference()}, as |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
760 well as the global variable \cdata{_Py_RefTotal}. |
|
6653
c6c1d133677a
Several changes, e.g. restructuring of the intro to be closer to what
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6480
diff
changeset
|
761 |
|
5536
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
762 |
| 10163 | 763 \chapter{Exception Handling \label{exceptionHandling}} |
|
5536
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
764 |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
765 The functions described in this chapter will let you handle and raise Python |
|
5588
53cdf94b652b
Just another checkin for backup. Nothing substantial yet.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
5536
diff
changeset
|
766 exceptions. It is important to understand some of the basics of |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
767 Python exception handling. It works somewhat like the |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
768 \UNIX{} \cdata{errno} variable: there is a global indicator (per |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
769 thread) of the last error that occurred. Most functions don't clear |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
770 this on success, but will set it to indicate the cause of the error on |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
771 failure. Most functions also return an error indicator, usually |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
772 \NULL{} if they are supposed to return a pointer, or \code{-1} if they |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
773 return an integer (exception: the \cfunction{PyArg_Parse*()} functions |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
774 return \code{1} for success and \code{0} for failure). When a |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
775 function must fail because some function it called failed, it |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
776 generally doesn't set the error indicator; the function it called |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
777 already set it. |
|
5588
53cdf94b652b
Just another checkin for backup. Nothing substantial yet.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
5536
diff
changeset
|
778 |
|
53cdf94b652b
Just another checkin for backup. Nothing substantial yet.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
5536
diff
changeset
|
779 The error indicator consists of three Python objects corresponding to |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
780 \withsubitem{(in module sys)}{ |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
781 \ttindex{exc_type}\ttindex{exc_value}\ttindex{exc_traceback}} |
|
5588
53cdf94b652b
Just another checkin for backup. Nothing substantial yet.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
5536
diff
changeset
|
782 the Python variables \code{sys.exc_type}, \code{sys.exc_value} and |
|
53cdf94b652b
Just another checkin for backup. Nothing substantial yet.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
5536
diff
changeset
|
783 \code{sys.exc_traceback}. API functions exist to interact with the |
|
53cdf94b652b
Just another checkin for backup. Nothing substantial yet.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
5536
diff
changeset
|
784 error indicator in various ways. There is a separate error indicator |
|
53cdf94b652b
Just another checkin for backup. Nothing substantial yet.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
5536
diff
changeset
|
785 for each thread. |
|
53cdf94b652b
Just another checkin for backup. Nothing substantial yet.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
5536
diff
changeset
|
786 |
|
53cdf94b652b
Just another checkin for backup. Nothing substantial yet.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
5536
diff
changeset
|
787 % XXX Order of these should be more thoughtful. |
|
53cdf94b652b
Just another checkin for backup. Nothing substantial yet.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
5536
diff
changeset
|
788 % Either alphabetical or some kind of structure. |
|
5536
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
789 |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
790 \begin{cfuncdesc}{void}{PyErr_Print}{} |
|
5588
53cdf94b652b
Just another checkin for backup. Nothing substantial yet.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
5536
diff
changeset
|
791 Print a standard traceback to \code{sys.stderr} and clear the error |
|
53cdf94b652b
Just another checkin for backup. Nothing substantial yet.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
5536
diff
changeset
|
792 indicator. Call this function only when the error indicator is set. |
|
53cdf94b652b
Just another checkin for backup. Nothing substantial yet.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
5536
diff
changeset
|
793 (Otherwise it will cause a fatal error!) |
|
5536
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
794 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
795 |
| 7782 | 796 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyErr_Occurred}{} |
|
5588
53cdf94b652b
Just another checkin for backup. Nothing substantial yet.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
5536
diff
changeset
|
797 Test whether the error indicator is set. If set, return the exception |
| 7308 | 798 \emph{type} (the first argument to the last call to one of the |
|
8120
068fea15cbcd
Convert recent additions to use new, "logical" markup.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
8109
diff
changeset
|
799 \cfunction{PyErr_Set*()} functions or to \cfunction{PyErr_Restore()}). If |
| 7308 | 800 not set, return \NULL{}. You do not own a reference to the return |
| 801 value, so you do not need to \cfunction{Py_DECREF()} it. | |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
802 \strong{Note:} Do not compare the return value to a specific |
| 7308 | 803 exception; use \cfunction{PyErr_ExceptionMatches()} instead, shown |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
804 below. (The comparison could easily fail since the exception may be |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
805 an instance instead of a class, in the case of a class exception, or |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
806 it may the a subclass of the expected exception.) |
|
6382
16cd39805fd5
Checkpoint. Added docs for the new exception handling APIs and for
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6126
diff
changeset
|
807 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
16cd39805fd5
Checkpoint. Added docs for the new exception handling APIs and for
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6126
diff
changeset
|
808 |
|
16cd39805fd5
Checkpoint. Added docs for the new exception handling APIs and for
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6126
diff
changeset
|
809 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyErr_ExceptionMatches}{PyObject *exc} |
|
16cd39805fd5
Checkpoint. Added docs for the new exception handling APIs and for
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6126
diff
changeset
|
810 Equivalent to |
| 7308 | 811 \samp{PyErr_GivenExceptionMatches(PyErr_Occurred(), \var{exc})}. |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
812 This should only be called when an exception is actually set; a memory |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
813 access violation will occur if no exception has been raised. |
|
6382
16cd39805fd5
Checkpoint. Added docs for the new exception handling APIs and for
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6126
diff
changeset
|
814 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
16cd39805fd5
Checkpoint. Added docs for the new exception handling APIs and for
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6126
diff
changeset
|
815 |
|
16cd39805fd5
Checkpoint. Added docs for the new exception handling APIs and for
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6126
diff
changeset
|
816 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyErr_GivenExceptionMatches}{PyObject *given, PyObject *exc} |
|
16cd39805fd5
Checkpoint. Added docs for the new exception handling APIs and for
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6126
diff
changeset
|
817 Return true if the \var{given} exception matches the exception in |
|
16cd39805fd5
Checkpoint. Added docs for the new exception handling APIs and for
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6126
diff
changeset
|
818 \var{exc}. If \var{exc} is a class object, this also returns true |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
819 when \var{given} is an instance of a subclass. If \var{exc} is a tuple, all |
|
6382
16cd39805fd5
Checkpoint. Added docs for the new exception handling APIs and for
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6126
diff
changeset
|
820 exceptions in the tuple (and recursively in subtuples) are searched |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
821 for a match. If \var{given} is \NULL, a memory access violation will |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
822 occur. |
|
6382
16cd39805fd5
Checkpoint. Added docs for the new exception handling APIs and for
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6126
diff
changeset
|
823 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
16cd39805fd5
Checkpoint. Added docs for the new exception handling APIs and for
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6126
diff
changeset
|
824 |
|
16cd39805fd5
Checkpoint. Added docs for the new exception handling APIs and for
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6126
diff
changeset
|
825 \begin{cfuncdesc}{void}{PyErr_NormalizeException}{PyObject**exc, PyObject**val, PyObject**tb} |
|
16cd39805fd5
Checkpoint. Added docs for the new exception handling APIs and for
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6126
diff
changeset
|
826 Under certain circumstances, the values returned by |
| 7308 | 827 \cfunction{PyErr_Fetch()} below can be ``unnormalized'', meaning that |
| 828 \code{*\var{exc}} is a class object but \code{*\var{val}} is not an | |
| 829 instance of the same class. This function can be used to instantiate | |
| 830 the class in that case. If the values are already normalized, nothing | |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
831 happens. The delayed normalization is implemented to improve |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
832 performance. |
|
5588
53cdf94b652b
Just another checkin for backup. Nothing substantial yet.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
5536
diff
changeset
|
833 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
53cdf94b652b
Just another checkin for backup. Nothing substantial yet.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
5536
diff
changeset
|
834 |
|
53cdf94b652b
Just another checkin for backup. Nothing substantial yet.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
5536
diff
changeset
|
835 \begin{cfuncdesc}{void}{PyErr_Clear}{} |
|
53cdf94b652b
Just another checkin for backup. Nothing substantial yet.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
5536
diff
changeset
|
836 Clear the error indicator. If the error indicator is not set, there |
|
53cdf94b652b
Just another checkin for backup. Nothing substantial yet.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
5536
diff
changeset
|
837 is no effect. |
|
53cdf94b652b
Just another checkin for backup. Nothing substantial yet.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
5536
diff
changeset
|
838 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
53cdf94b652b
Just another checkin for backup. Nothing substantial yet.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
5536
diff
changeset
|
839 |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
840 \begin{cfuncdesc}{void}{PyErr_Fetch}{PyObject **ptype, PyObject **pvalue, |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
841 PyObject **ptraceback} |
|
5588
53cdf94b652b
Just another checkin for backup. Nothing substantial yet.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
5536
diff
changeset
|
842 Retrieve the error indicator into three variables whose addresses are |
|
53cdf94b652b
Just another checkin for backup. Nothing substantial yet.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
5536
diff
changeset
|
843 passed. If the error indicator is not set, set all three variables to |
|
53cdf94b652b
Just another checkin for backup. Nothing substantial yet.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
5536
diff
changeset
|
844 \NULL{}. If it is set, it will be cleared and you own a reference to |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
845 each object retrieved. The value and traceback object may be |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
846 \NULL{} even when the type object is not. \strong{Note:} This |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
847 function is normally only used by code that needs to handle exceptions |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
848 or by code that needs to save and restore the error indicator |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
849 temporarily. |
|
5588
53cdf94b652b
Just another checkin for backup. Nothing substantial yet.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
5536
diff
changeset
|
850 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
53cdf94b652b
Just another checkin for backup. Nothing substantial yet.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
5536
diff
changeset
|
851 |
| 14279 | 852 \begin{cfuncdesc}{void}{PyErr_Restore}{PyObject *type, PyObject *value, |
| 853 PyObject *traceback} | |
|
5588
53cdf94b652b
Just another checkin for backup. Nothing substantial yet.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
5536
diff
changeset
|
854 Set the error indicator from the three objects. If the error |
|
53cdf94b652b
Just another checkin for backup. Nothing substantial yet.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
5536
diff
changeset
|
855 indicator is already set, it is cleared first. If the objects are |
|
53cdf94b652b
Just another checkin for backup. Nothing substantial yet.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
5536
diff
changeset
|
856 \NULL{}, the error indicator is cleared. Do not pass a \NULL{} type |
|
53cdf94b652b
Just another checkin for backup. Nothing substantial yet.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
5536
diff
changeset
|
857 and non-\NULL{} value or traceback. The exception type should be a |
|
53cdf94b652b
Just another checkin for backup. Nothing substantial yet.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
5536
diff
changeset
|
858 string or class; if it is a class, the value should be an instance of |
|
53cdf94b652b
Just another checkin for backup. Nothing substantial yet.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
5536
diff
changeset
|
859 that class. Do not pass an invalid exception type or value. |
|
53cdf94b652b
Just another checkin for backup. Nothing substantial yet.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
5536
diff
changeset
|
860 (Violating these rules will cause subtle problems later.) This call |
| 14279 | 861 takes away a reference to each object, i.e.\ you must own a reference |
|
5588
53cdf94b652b
Just another checkin for backup. Nothing substantial yet.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
5536
diff
changeset
|
862 to each object before the call and after the call you no longer own |
|
53cdf94b652b
Just another checkin for backup. Nothing substantial yet.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
5536
diff
changeset
|
863 these references. (If you don't understand this, don't use this |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
864 function. I warned you.) \strong{Note:} This function is normally |
|
5588
53cdf94b652b
Just another checkin for backup. Nothing substantial yet.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
5536
diff
changeset
|
865 only used by code that needs to save and restore the error indicator |
|
53cdf94b652b
Just another checkin for backup. Nothing substantial yet.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
5536
diff
changeset
|
866 temporarily. |
|
53cdf94b652b
Just another checkin for backup. Nothing substantial yet.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
5536
diff
changeset
|
867 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
53cdf94b652b
Just another checkin for backup. Nothing substantial yet.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
5536
diff
changeset
|
868 |
|
53cdf94b652b
Just another checkin for backup. Nothing substantial yet.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
5536
diff
changeset
|
869 \begin{cfuncdesc}{void}{PyErr_SetString}{PyObject *type, char *message} |
|
53cdf94b652b
Just another checkin for backup. Nothing substantial yet.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
5536
diff
changeset
|
870 This is the most common way to set the error indicator. The first |
|
53cdf94b652b
Just another checkin for backup. Nothing substantial yet.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
5536
diff
changeset
|
871 argument specifies the exception type; it is normally one of the |
|
8120
068fea15cbcd
Convert recent additions to use new, "logical" markup.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
8109
diff
changeset
|
872 standard exceptions, e.g. \cdata{PyExc_RuntimeError}. You need not |
|
5588
53cdf94b652b
Just another checkin for backup. Nothing substantial yet.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
5536
diff
changeset
|
873 increment its reference count. The second argument is an error |
|
53cdf94b652b
Just another checkin for backup. Nothing substantial yet.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
5536
diff
changeset
|
874 message; it is converted to a string object. |
|
53cdf94b652b
Just another checkin for backup. Nothing substantial yet.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
5536
diff
changeset
|
875 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
53cdf94b652b
Just another checkin for backup. Nothing substantial yet.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
5536
diff
changeset
|
876 |
|
53cdf94b652b
Just another checkin for backup. Nothing substantial yet.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
5536
diff
changeset
|
877 \begin{cfuncdesc}{void}{PyErr_SetObject}{PyObject *type, PyObject *value} |
| 7308 | 878 This function is similar to \cfunction{PyErr_SetString()} but lets you |
|
5588
53cdf94b652b
Just another checkin for backup. Nothing substantial yet.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
5536
diff
changeset
|
879 specify an arbitrary Python object for the ``value'' of the exception. |
|
53cdf94b652b
Just another checkin for backup. Nothing substantial yet.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
5536
diff
changeset
|
880 You need not increment its reference count. |
|
53cdf94b652b
Just another checkin for backup. Nothing substantial yet.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
5536
diff
changeset
|
881 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
53cdf94b652b
Just another checkin for backup. Nothing substantial yet.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
5536
diff
changeset
|
882 |
|
12355
04802b7e8a1f
Yet another markup nit: functions that are part of the Python/C API
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12354
diff
changeset
|
883 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyErr_Format}{PyObject *exception, |
|
14347
2de1fb5302ed
Update documentation for PyErr_Format, because the function has changed.
Moshe Zadka <moshez@math.huji.ac.il>
parents:
14337
diff
changeset
|
884 const char *format, \moreargs} |
|
2de1fb5302ed
Update documentation for PyErr_Format, because the function has changed.
Moshe Zadka <moshez@math.huji.ac.il>
parents:
14337
diff
changeset
|
885 This function sets the error indicator. |
|
2de1fb5302ed
Update documentation for PyErr_Format, because the function has changed.
Moshe Zadka <moshez@math.huji.ac.il>
parents:
14337
diff
changeset
|
886 \var{exception} should be a Python object. |
|
2de1fb5302ed
Update documentation for PyErr_Format, because the function has changed.
Moshe Zadka <moshez@math.huji.ac.il>
parents:
14337
diff
changeset
|
887 \var{fmt} should be a string, containing format codes, similar to |
|
2de1fb5302ed
Update documentation for PyErr_Format, because the function has changed.
Moshe Zadka <moshez@math.huji.ac.il>
parents:
14337
diff
changeset
|
888 \cfunction{printf}. The \code{width.precision} before a format code |
|
2de1fb5302ed
Update documentation for PyErr_Format, because the function has changed.
Moshe Zadka <moshez@math.huji.ac.il>
parents:
14337
diff
changeset
|
889 is parsed, but the width part is ignored. |
|
2de1fb5302ed
Update documentation for PyErr_Format, because the function has changed.
Moshe Zadka <moshez@math.huji.ac.il>
parents:
14337
diff
changeset
|
890 |
|
2de1fb5302ed
Update documentation for PyErr_Format, because the function has changed.
Moshe Zadka <moshez@math.huji.ac.il>
parents:
14337
diff
changeset
|
891 \begin{tableii}{c|l}{character}{Character}{Meaning} |
|
2de1fb5302ed
Update documentation for PyErr_Format, because the function has changed.
Moshe Zadka <moshez@math.huji.ac.il>
parents:
14337
diff
changeset
|
892 \lineii{c}{Character, as an \ctype{int} parameter} |
|
2de1fb5302ed
Update documentation for PyErr_Format, because the function has changed.
Moshe Zadka <moshez@math.huji.ac.il>
parents:
14337
diff
changeset
|
893 \lineii{d}{Number in decimal, as an \ctype{int} parameter} |
|
2de1fb5302ed
Update documentation for PyErr_Format, because the function has changed.
Moshe Zadka <moshez@math.huji.ac.il>
parents:
14337
diff
changeset
|
894 \lineii{x}{Number in hexadecimal, as an \ctype{int} parameter} |
|
2de1fb5302ed
Update documentation for PyErr_Format, because the function has changed.
Moshe Zadka <moshez@math.huji.ac.il>
parents:
14337
diff
changeset
|
895 \lineii{x}{A string, as a \ctype{char *} parameter} |
|
2de1fb5302ed
Update documentation for PyErr_Format, because the function has changed.
Moshe Zadka <moshez@math.huji.ac.il>
parents:
14337
diff
changeset
|
896 \end{tableii} |
|
2de1fb5302ed
Update documentation for PyErr_Format, because the function has changed.
Moshe Zadka <moshez@math.huji.ac.il>
parents:
14337
diff
changeset
|
897 |
|
2de1fb5302ed
Update documentation for PyErr_Format, because the function has changed.
Moshe Zadka <moshez@math.huji.ac.il>
parents:
14337
diff
changeset
|
898 An unrecognized format character causes all the rest of |
|
2de1fb5302ed
Update documentation for PyErr_Format, because the function has changed.
Moshe Zadka <moshez@math.huji.ac.il>
parents:
14337
diff
changeset
|
899 the format string to be copied as-is to the result string, |
|
2de1fb5302ed
Update documentation for PyErr_Format, because the function has changed.
Moshe Zadka <moshez@math.huji.ac.il>
parents:
14337
diff
changeset
|
900 and any extra arguments discarded. |
|
2de1fb5302ed
Update documentation for PyErr_Format, because the function has changed.
Moshe Zadka <moshez@math.huji.ac.il>
parents:
14337
diff
changeset
|
901 |
|
2de1fb5302ed
Update documentation for PyErr_Format, because the function has changed.
Moshe Zadka <moshez@math.huji.ac.il>
parents:
14337
diff
changeset
|
902 A new reference is returned, which is owned by the caller. |
|
12353
54e80db49423
document PyErr_Format
Jeremy Hylton <jeremy@alum.mit.edu>
parents:
12258
diff
changeset
|
903 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
54e80db49423
document PyErr_Format
Jeremy Hylton <jeremy@alum.mit.edu>
parents:
12258
diff
changeset
|
904 |
|
5588
53cdf94b652b
Just another checkin for backup. Nothing substantial yet.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
5536
diff
changeset
|
905 \begin{cfuncdesc}{void}{PyErr_SetNone}{PyObject *type} |
| 7308 | 906 This is a shorthand for \samp{PyErr_SetObject(\var{type}, Py_None)}. |
|
5588
53cdf94b652b
Just another checkin for backup. Nothing substantial yet.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
5536
diff
changeset
|
907 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
53cdf94b652b
Just another checkin for backup. Nothing substantial yet.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
5536
diff
changeset
|
908 |
|
53cdf94b652b
Just another checkin for backup. Nothing substantial yet.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
5536
diff
changeset
|
909 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyErr_BadArgument}{} |
| 7308 | 910 This is a shorthand for \samp{PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, |
|
5588
53cdf94b652b
Just another checkin for backup. Nothing substantial yet.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
5536
diff
changeset
|
911 \var{message})}, where \var{message} indicates that a built-in operation |
|
53cdf94b652b
Just another checkin for backup. Nothing substantial yet.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
5536
diff
changeset
|
912 was invoked with an illegal argument. It is mostly for internal use. |
|
53cdf94b652b
Just another checkin for backup. Nothing substantial yet.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
5536
diff
changeset
|
913 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
53cdf94b652b
Just another checkin for backup. Nothing substantial yet.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
5536
diff
changeset
|
914 |
| 7782 | 915 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyErr_NoMemory}{} |
| 7308 | 916 This is a shorthand for \samp{PyErr_SetNone(PyExc_MemoryError)}; it |
|
5588
53cdf94b652b
Just another checkin for backup. Nothing substantial yet.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
5536
diff
changeset
|
917 returns \NULL{} so an object allocation function can write |
| 7308 | 918 \samp{return PyErr_NoMemory();} when it runs out of memory. |
|
5588
53cdf94b652b
Just another checkin for backup. Nothing substantial yet.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
5536
diff
changeset
|
919 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
53cdf94b652b
Just another checkin for backup. Nothing substantial yet.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
5536
diff
changeset
|
920 |
| 7782 | 921 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyErr_SetFromErrno}{PyObject *type} |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
922 This is a convenience function to raise an exception when a C library |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
923 function has returned an error and set the C variable \cdata{errno}. |
|
5588
53cdf94b652b
Just another checkin for backup. Nothing substantial yet.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
5536
diff
changeset
|
924 It constructs a tuple object whose first item is the integer |
|
8120
068fea15cbcd
Convert recent additions to use new, "logical" markup.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
8109
diff
changeset
|
925 \cdata{errno} value and whose second item is the corresponding error |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
926 message (gotten from \cfunction{strerror()}\ttindex{strerror()}), and |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
927 then calls |
| 7308 | 928 \samp{PyErr_SetObject(\var{type}, \var{object})}. On \UNIX{}, when |
|
8120
068fea15cbcd
Convert recent additions to use new, "logical" markup.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
8109
diff
changeset
|
929 the \cdata{errno} value is \constant{EINTR}, indicating an interrupted |
| 7308 | 930 system call, this calls \cfunction{PyErr_CheckSignals()}, and if that set |
|
5588
53cdf94b652b
Just another checkin for backup. Nothing substantial yet.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
5536
diff
changeset
|
931 the error indicator, leaves it set to that. The function always |
|
53cdf94b652b
Just another checkin for backup. Nothing substantial yet.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
5536
diff
changeset
|
932 returns \NULL{}, so a wrapper function around a system call can write |
| 7308 | 933 \samp{return PyErr_SetFromErrno();} when the system call returns an |
| 934 error. | |
|
5588
53cdf94b652b
Just another checkin for backup. Nothing substantial yet.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
5536
diff
changeset
|
935 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
53cdf94b652b
Just another checkin for backup. Nothing substantial yet.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
5536
diff
changeset
|
936 |
|
53cdf94b652b
Just another checkin for backup. Nothing substantial yet.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
5536
diff
changeset
|
937 \begin{cfuncdesc}{void}{PyErr_BadInternalCall}{} |
| 7308 | 938 This is a shorthand for \samp{PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, |
|
5588
53cdf94b652b
Just another checkin for backup. Nothing substantial yet.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
5536
diff
changeset
|
939 \var{message})}, where \var{message} indicates that an internal |
|
6084
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
940 operation (e.g. a Python/C API function) was invoked with an illegal |
|
5588
53cdf94b652b
Just another checkin for backup. Nothing substantial yet.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
5536
diff
changeset
|
941 argument. It is mostly for internal use. |
|
53cdf94b652b
Just another checkin for backup. Nothing substantial yet.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
5536
diff
changeset
|
942 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
53cdf94b652b
Just another checkin for backup. Nothing substantial yet.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
5536
diff
changeset
|
943 |
|
53cdf94b652b
Just another checkin for backup. Nothing substantial yet.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
5536
diff
changeset
|
944 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyErr_CheckSignals}{} |
|
53cdf94b652b
Just another checkin for backup. Nothing substantial yet.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
5536
diff
changeset
|
945 This function interacts with Python's signal handling. It checks |
|
53cdf94b652b
Just another checkin for backup. Nothing substantial yet.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
5536
diff
changeset
|
946 whether a signal has been sent to the processes and if so, invokes the |
|
7310
6095a472f574
Place C typedef for Py_complex after brief description, to be more consistent
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7309
diff
changeset
|
947 corresponding signal handler. If the |
|
6095a472f574
Place C typedef for Py_complex after brief description, to be more consistent
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7309
diff
changeset
|
948 \module{signal}\refbimodindex{signal} module is supported, this can |
|
6095a472f574
Place C typedef for Py_complex after brief description, to be more consistent
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7309
diff
changeset
|
949 invoke a signal handler written in Python. In all cases, the default |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
950 effect for \constant{SIGINT}\ttindex{SIGINT} is to raise the |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
951 \withsubitem{(built-in exception)}{\ttindex{KeyboardInterrupt}} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
952 \exception{KeyboardInterrupt} exception. If an exception is raised the |
| 7308 | 953 error indicator is set and the function returns \code{1}; otherwise |
| 954 the function returns \code{0}. The error indicator may or may not be | |
| 955 cleared if it was previously set. | |
|
5588
53cdf94b652b
Just another checkin for backup. Nothing substantial yet.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
5536
diff
changeset
|
956 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
53cdf94b652b
Just another checkin for backup. Nothing substantial yet.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
5536
diff
changeset
|
957 |
|
53cdf94b652b
Just another checkin for backup. Nothing substantial yet.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
5536
diff
changeset
|
958 \begin{cfuncdesc}{void}{PyErr_SetInterrupt}{} |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
959 This function is obsolete. It simulates the effect of a |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
960 \constant{SIGINT}\ttindex{SIGINT} signal arriving --- the next time |
| 7308 | 961 \cfunction{PyErr_CheckSignals()} is called, |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
962 \withsubitem{(built-in exception)}{\ttindex{KeyboardInterrupt}} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
963 \exception{KeyboardInterrupt} will be raised. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
964 It may be called without holding the interpreter lock. |
|
5588
53cdf94b652b
Just another checkin for backup. Nothing substantial yet.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
5536
diff
changeset
|
965 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
53cdf94b652b
Just another checkin for backup. Nothing substantial yet.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
5536
diff
changeset
|
966 |
| 7782 | 967 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyErr_NewException}{char *name, |
| 968 PyObject *base, | |
| 969 PyObject *dict} | |
|
6382
16cd39805fd5
Checkpoint. Added docs for the new exception handling APIs and for
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6126
diff
changeset
|
970 This utility function creates and returns a new exception object. The |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
971 \var{name} argument must be the name of the new exception, a C string |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
972 of the form \code{module.class}. The \var{base} and |
|
13150
f1f4d822e761
Update comments relating to the removal of the -X option and of string
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
13053
diff
changeset
|
973 \var{dict} arguments are normally \NULL{}. This creates a |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
974 class object derived from the root for all exceptions, the built-in |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
975 name \exception{Exception} (accessible in C as |
|
13150
f1f4d822e761
Update comments relating to the removal of the -X option and of string
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
13053
diff
changeset
|
976 \cdata{PyExc_Exception}). The \member{__module__} attribute of the |
|
f1f4d822e761
Update comments relating to the removal of the -X option and of string
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
13053
diff
changeset
|
977 new class is set to the first part (up to the last dot) of the |
|
f1f4d822e761
Update comments relating to the removal of the -X option and of string
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
13053
diff
changeset
|
978 \var{name} argument, and the class name is set to the last part (after |
|
f1f4d822e761
Update comments relating to the removal of the -X option and of string
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
13053
diff
changeset
|
979 the last dot). The \var{base} argument can be used to specify an |
|
f1f4d822e761
Update comments relating to the removal of the -X option and of string
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
13053
diff
changeset
|
980 alternate base class. The \var{dict} argument can be used to specify |
|
f1f4d822e761
Update comments relating to the removal of the -X option and of string
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
13053
diff
changeset
|
981 a dictionary of class variables and methods. |
|
6382
16cd39805fd5
Checkpoint. Added docs for the new exception handling APIs and for
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6126
diff
changeset
|
982 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
16cd39805fd5
Checkpoint. Added docs for the new exception handling APIs and for
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6126
diff
changeset
|
983 |
|
14330
6dee1985c681
refactor __del__ exception handler into PyErr_WriteUnraisable
Jeremy Hylton <jeremy@alum.mit.edu>
parents:
14279
diff
changeset
|
984 \begin{cfuncdesc}{void}{PyErr_WriteUnraisable}{PyObject *obj} |
|
6dee1985c681
refactor __del__ exception handler into PyErr_WriteUnraisable
Jeremy Hylton <jeremy@alum.mit.edu>
parents:
14279
diff
changeset
|
985 This utility function prints a warning message to \var{sys.stderr} |
|
6dee1985c681
refactor __del__ exception handler into PyErr_WriteUnraisable
Jeremy Hylton <jeremy@alum.mit.edu>
parents:
14279
diff
changeset
|
986 when an exception has been set but it is impossible for the |
|
6dee1985c681
refactor __del__ exception handler into PyErr_WriteUnraisable
Jeremy Hylton <jeremy@alum.mit.edu>
parents:
14279
diff
changeset
|
987 interpreter to actually raise the exception. It is used, for example, |
|
6dee1985c681
refactor __del__ exception handler into PyErr_WriteUnraisable
Jeremy Hylton <jeremy@alum.mit.edu>
parents:
14279
diff
changeset
|
988 when an exception occurs in an \member{__del__} method. |
|
6dee1985c681
refactor __del__ exception handler into PyErr_WriteUnraisable
Jeremy Hylton <jeremy@alum.mit.edu>
parents:
14279
diff
changeset
|
989 |
|
6dee1985c681
refactor __del__ exception handler into PyErr_WriteUnraisable
Jeremy Hylton <jeremy@alum.mit.edu>
parents:
14279
diff
changeset
|
990 The function is called with a single argument \var{obj} that |
|
6dee1985c681
refactor __del__ exception handler into PyErr_WriteUnraisable
Jeremy Hylton <jeremy@alum.mit.edu>
parents:
14279
diff
changeset
|
991 identifies where the context in which the unraisable exception |
|
6dee1985c681
refactor __del__ exception handler into PyErr_WriteUnraisable
Jeremy Hylton <jeremy@alum.mit.edu>
parents:
14279
diff
changeset
|
992 occurred. The repr of \var{obj} will be printed in the warning |
|
6dee1985c681
refactor __del__ exception handler into PyErr_WriteUnraisable
Jeremy Hylton <jeremy@alum.mit.edu>
parents:
14279
diff
changeset
|
993 message. |
|
6dee1985c681
refactor __del__ exception handler into PyErr_WriteUnraisable
Jeremy Hylton <jeremy@alum.mit.edu>
parents:
14279
diff
changeset
|
994 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
6382
16cd39805fd5
Checkpoint. Added docs for the new exception handling APIs and for
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6126
diff
changeset
|
995 |
| 10163 | 996 \section{Standard Exceptions \label{standardExceptions}} |
|
5588
53cdf94b652b
Just another checkin for backup. Nothing substantial yet.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
5536
diff
changeset
|
997 |
|
53cdf94b652b
Just another checkin for backup. Nothing substantial yet.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
5536
diff
changeset
|
998 All standard Python exceptions are available as global variables whose |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
999 names are \samp{PyExc_} followed by the Python exception name. These |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1000 have the type \ctype{PyObject*}; they are all class objects. For |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1001 completeness, here are all the variables: |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1002 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1003 \begin{tableiii}{l|l|c}{cdata}{C Name}{Python Name}{Notes} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1004 \lineiii{PyExc_Exception}{\exception{Exception}}{(1)} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1005 \lineiii{PyExc_StandardError}{\exception{StandardError}}{(1)} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1006 \lineiii{PyExc_ArithmeticError}{\exception{ArithmeticError}}{(1)} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1007 \lineiii{PyExc_LookupError}{\exception{LookupError}}{(1)} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1008 \lineiii{PyExc_AssertionError}{\exception{AssertionError}}{} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1009 \lineiii{PyExc_AttributeError}{\exception{AttributeError}}{} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1010 \lineiii{PyExc_EOFError}{\exception{EOFError}}{} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1011 \lineiii{PyExc_EnvironmentError}{\exception{EnvironmentError}}{(1)} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1012 \lineiii{PyExc_FloatingPointError}{\exception{FloatingPointError}}{} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1013 \lineiii{PyExc_IOError}{\exception{IOError}}{} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1014 \lineiii{PyExc_ImportError}{\exception{ImportError}}{} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1015 \lineiii{PyExc_IndexError}{\exception{IndexError}}{} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1016 \lineiii{PyExc_KeyError}{\exception{KeyError}}{} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1017 \lineiii{PyExc_KeyboardInterrupt}{\exception{KeyboardInterrupt}}{} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1018 \lineiii{PyExc_MemoryError}{\exception{MemoryError}}{} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1019 \lineiii{PyExc_NameError}{\exception{NameError}}{} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1020 \lineiii{PyExc_NotImplementedError}{\exception{NotImplementedError}}{} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1021 \lineiii{PyExc_OSError}{\exception{OSError}}{} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1022 \lineiii{PyExc_OverflowError}{\exception{OverflowError}}{} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1023 \lineiii{PyExc_RuntimeError}{\exception{RuntimeError}}{} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1024 \lineiii{PyExc_SyntaxError}{\exception{SyntaxError}}{} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1025 \lineiii{PyExc_SystemError}{\exception{SystemError}}{} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1026 \lineiii{PyExc_SystemExit}{\exception{SystemExit}}{} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1027 \lineiii{PyExc_TypeError}{\exception{TypeError}}{} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1028 \lineiii{PyExc_ValueError}{\exception{ValueError}}{} |
| 13929 | 1029 \lineiii{PyExc_WindowsError}{\exception{WindowsError}}{(2)} |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1030 \lineiii{PyExc_ZeroDivisionError}{\exception{ZeroDivisionError}}{} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1031 \end{tableiii} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1032 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1033 \noindent |
| 13929 | 1034 Notes: |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1035 \begin{description} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1036 \item[(1)] |
|
13150
f1f4d822e761
Update comments relating to the removal of the -X option and of string
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
13053
diff
changeset
|
1037 This is a base class for other standard exceptions. |
| 13929 | 1038 |
| 1039 \item[(2)] | |
| 1040 Only defined on Windows; protect code that uses this by testing that | |
| 1041 the preprocessor macro \code{MS_WINDOWS} is defined. | |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1042 \end{description} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1043 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1044 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1045 \section{Deprecation of String Exceptions} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1046 |
|
13150
f1f4d822e761
Update comments relating to the removal of the -X option and of string
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
13053
diff
changeset
|
1047 All exceptions built into Python or provided in the standard library |
|
f1f4d822e761
Update comments relating to the removal of the -X option and of string
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
13053
diff
changeset
|
1048 are derived from \exception{Exception}. |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1049 \withsubitem{(built-in exception)}{\ttindex{Exception}} |
|
13150
f1f4d822e761
Update comments relating to the removal of the -X option and of string
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
13053
diff
changeset
|
1050 |
|
f1f4d822e761
Update comments relating to the removal of the -X option and of string
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
13053
diff
changeset
|
1051 String exceptions are still supported in the interpreter to allow |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1052 existing code to run unmodified, but this will also change in a future |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1053 release. |
|
5588
53cdf94b652b
Just another checkin for backup. Nothing substantial yet.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
5536
diff
changeset
|
1054 |
|
5536
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1055 |
| 10163 | 1056 \chapter{Utilities \label{utilities}} |
|
5536
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1057 |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1058 The functions in this chapter perform various utility tasks, such as |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1059 parsing function arguments and constructing Python values from C |
|
5536
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1060 values. |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1061 |
| 10163 | 1062 \section{OS Utilities \label{os}} |
|
6382
16cd39805fd5
Checkpoint. Added docs for the new exception handling APIs and for
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6126
diff
changeset
|
1063 |
|
5536
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1064 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{Py_FdIsInteractive}{FILE *fp, char *filename} |
| 7308 | 1065 Return true (nonzero) if the standard I/O file \var{fp} with name |
| 1066 \var{filename} is deemed interactive. This is the case for files for | |
| 1067 which \samp{isatty(fileno(\var{fp}))} is true. If the global flag | |
|
8120
068fea15cbcd
Convert recent additions to use new, "logical" markup.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
8109
diff
changeset
|
1068 \cdata{Py_InteractiveFlag} is true, this function also returns true if |
| 7308 | 1069 the \var{name} pointer is \NULL{} or if the name is equal to one of |
|
12930
6618325574cb
Documented PySequence_List() and PySequence_Tuple().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12355
diff
changeset
|
1070 the strings \code{'<stdin>'} or \code{'???'}. |
|
5536
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1071 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1072 |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1073 \begin{cfuncdesc}{long}{PyOS_GetLastModificationTime}{char *filename} |
| 7308 | 1074 Return the time of last modification of the file \var{filename}. |
|
5536
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1075 The result is encoded in the same way as the timestamp returned by |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1076 the standard C library function \cfunction{time()}. |
|
5536
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1077 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1078 |
|
13053
b00744237877
Added documentation for PyOS_AfterFork().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12947
diff
changeset
|
1079 \begin{cfuncdesc}{void}{PyOS_AfterFork}{} |
|
b00744237877
Added documentation for PyOS_AfterFork().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12947
diff
changeset
|
1080 Function to update some internal state after a process fork; this |
|
b00744237877
Added documentation for PyOS_AfterFork().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12947
diff
changeset
|
1081 should be called in the new process if the Python interpreter will |
|
b00744237877
Added documentation for PyOS_AfterFork().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12947
diff
changeset
|
1082 continue to be used. If a new executable is loaded into the new |
|
b00744237877
Added documentation for PyOS_AfterFork().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12947
diff
changeset
|
1083 process, this function does not need to be called. |
|
b00744237877
Added documentation for PyOS_AfterFork().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12947
diff
changeset
|
1084 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
b00744237877
Added documentation for PyOS_AfterFork().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12947
diff
changeset
|
1085 |
| 14279 | 1086 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyOS_CheckStack}{} |
| 1087 Return true when the interpreter runs out of stack space. This is a | |
| 1088 reliable check, but is only available when \code{USE_STACKCHECK} is | |
| 1089 defined (currently on Windows using the Microsoft Visual C++ compiler | |
| 1090 and on the Macintosh). \code{USE_CHECKSTACK} will be defined | |
| 1091 automatically; you should never change the definition in your own | |
| 1092 code. | |
| 1093 \end{cfuncdesc} | |
| 1094 | |
|
14635
db9ea5b5f337
Document new APIs PyOS_getsig() and PyOS_setsig().
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
14557
diff
changeset
|
1095 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyOS_sighandler_t}{PyOS_getsig}{int i} |
|
db9ea5b5f337
Document new APIs PyOS_getsig() and PyOS_setsig().
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
14557
diff
changeset
|
1096 Return the current signal handler for signal \var{i}. |
|
db9ea5b5f337
Document new APIs PyOS_getsig() and PyOS_setsig().
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
14557
diff
changeset
|
1097 This is a thin wrapper around either \cfunction{sigaction} or |
|
db9ea5b5f337
Document new APIs PyOS_getsig() and PyOS_setsig().
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
14557
diff
changeset
|
1098 \cfunction{signal}. Do not call those functions directly! |
|
db9ea5b5f337
Document new APIs PyOS_getsig() and PyOS_setsig().
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
14557
diff
changeset
|
1099 \ctype{PyOS_sighandler_t} is a typedef alias for \ctype{void (*)(int)}. |
|
db9ea5b5f337
Document new APIs PyOS_getsig() and PyOS_setsig().
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
14557
diff
changeset
|
1100 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
db9ea5b5f337
Document new APIs PyOS_getsig() and PyOS_setsig().
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
14557
diff
changeset
|
1101 |
|
db9ea5b5f337
Document new APIs PyOS_getsig() and PyOS_setsig().
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
14557
diff
changeset
|
1102 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyOS_sighandler_t}{PyOS_setsig}{int i, PyOS_sighandler_t h} |
|
db9ea5b5f337
Document new APIs PyOS_getsig() and PyOS_setsig().
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
14557
diff
changeset
|
1103 Set the signal handler for signal \var{i} to be \var{h}; |
|
db9ea5b5f337
Document new APIs PyOS_getsig() and PyOS_setsig().
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
14557
diff
changeset
|
1104 return the old signal handler. |
|
db9ea5b5f337
Document new APIs PyOS_getsig() and PyOS_setsig().
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
14557
diff
changeset
|
1105 This is a thin wrapper around either \cfunction{sigaction} or |
|
db9ea5b5f337
Document new APIs PyOS_getsig() and PyOS_setsig().
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
14557
diff
changeset
|
1106 \cfunction{signal}. Do not call those functions directly! |
|
db9ea5b5f337
Document new APIs PyOS_getsig() and PyOS_setsig().
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
14557
diff
changeset
|
1107 \ctype{PyOS_sighandler_t} is a typedef alias for \ctype{void (*)(int)}. |
|
db9ea5b5f337
Document new APIs PyOS_getsig() and PyOS_setsig().
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
14557
diff
changeset
|
1108 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
db9ea5b5f337
Document new APIs PyOS_getsig() and PyOS_setsig().
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
14557
diff
changeset
|
1109 |
|
5536
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1110 |
| 10163 | 1111 \section{Process Control \label{processControl}} |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
1112 |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
1113 \begin{cfuncdesc}{void}{Py_FatalError}{char *message} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
1114 Print a fatal error message and kill the process. No cleanup is |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
1115 performed. This function should only be invoked when a condition is |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
1116 detected that would make it dangerous to continue using the Python |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
1117 interpreter; e.g., when the object administration appears to be |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1118 corrupted. On \UNIX{}, the standard C library function |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1119 \cfunction{abort()}\ttindex{abort()} is called which will attempt to |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1120 produce a \file{core} file. |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
1121 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
1122 |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
1123 \begin{cfuncdesc}{void}{Py_Exit}{int status} |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1124 Exit the current process. This calls |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1125 \cfunction{Py_Finalize()}\ttindex{Py_Finalize()} and |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1126 then calls the standard C library function |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1127 \code{exit(\var{status})}\ttindex{exit()}. |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
1128 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
1129 |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
1130 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{Py_AtExit}{void (*func) ()} |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1131 Register a cleanup function to be called by |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1132 \cfunction{Py_Finalize()}\ttindex{Py_Finalize()}. |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
1133 The cleanup function will be called with no arguments and should |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1134 return no value. At most 32 \index{cleanup functions}cleanup |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1135 functions can be registered. |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
1136 When the registration is successful, \cfunction{Py_AtExit()} returns |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
1137 \code{0}; on failure, it returns \code{-1}. The cleanup function |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
1138 registered last is called first. Each cleanup function will be called |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
1139 at most once. Since Python's internal finallization will have |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
1140 completed before the cleanup function, no Python APIs should be called |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
1141 by \var{func}. |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
1142 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
1143 |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
1144 |
| 10163 | 1145 \section{Importing Modules \label{importing}} |
|
6382
16cd39805fd5
Checkpoint. Added docs for the new exception handling APIs and for
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6126
diff
changeset
|
1146 |
| 7782 | 1147 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyImport_ImportModule}{char *name} |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1148 This is a simplified interface to |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1149 \cfunction{PyImport_ImportModuleEx()} below, leaving the |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1150 \var{globals} and \var{locals} arguments set to \NULL{}. When the |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1151 \var{name} argument contains a dot (i.e., when it specifies a |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1152 submodule of a package), the \var{fromlist} argument is set to the |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1153 list \code{['*']} so that the return value is the named module rather |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1154 than the top-level package containing it as would otherwise be the |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1155 case. (Unfortunately, this has an additional side effect when |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1156 \var{name} in fact specifies a subpackage instead of a submodule: the |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1157 submodules specified in the package's \code{__all__} variable are |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1158 \index{package variable!\code{__all__}} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1159 \withsubitem{(package variable)}{\ttindex{__all__}}loaded.) Return a |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1160 new reference to the imported module, or |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1161 \NULL{} with an exception set on failure (the module may still be |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1162 created in this case --- examine \code{sys.modules} to find out). |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1163 \withsubitem{(in module sys)}{\ttindex{modules}} |
|
6382
16cd39805fd5
Checkpoint. Added docs for the new exception handling APIs and for
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6126
diff
changeset
|
1164 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
16cd39805fd5
Checkpoint. Added docs for the new exception handling APIs and for
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6126
diff
changeset
|
1165 |
| 7782 | 1166 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyImport_ImportModuleEx}{char *name, PyObject *globals, PyObject *locals, PyObject *fromlist} |
|
6382
16cd39805fd5
Checkpoint. Added docs for the new exception handling APIs and for
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6126
diff
changeset
|
1167 Import a module. This is best described by referring to the built-in |
|
7309
d7266372dd37
Added index enties for the Python built-in functions, where appropriate.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7308
diff
changeset
|
1168 Python function \function{__import__()}\bifuncindex{__import__}, as |
|
d7266372dd37
Added index enties for the Python built-in functions, where appropriate.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7308
diff
changeset
|
1169 the standard \function{__import__()} function calls this function |
|
d7266372dd37
Added index enties for the Python built-in functions, where appropriate.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7308
diff
changeset
|
1170 directly. |
|
6382
16cd39805fd5
Checkpoint. Added docs for the new exception handling APIs and for
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6126
diff
changeset
|
1171 |
|
16cd39805fd5
Checkpoint. Added docs for the new exception handling APIs and for
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6126
diff
changeset
|
1172 The return value is a new reference to the imported module or |
|
6653
c6c1d133677a
Several changes, e.g. restructuring of the intro to be closer to what
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6480
diff
changeset
|
1173 top-level package, or \NULL{} with an exception set on failure |
|
6390
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
1174 (the module may still be created in this case). Like for |
| 7308 | 1175 \function{__import__()}, the return value when a submodule of a |
| 1176 package was requested is normally the top-level package, unless a | |
| 1177 non-empty \var{fromlist} was given. | |
|
6382
16cd39805fd5
Checkpoint. Added docs for the new exception handling APIs and for
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6126
diff
changeset
|
1178 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
16cd39805fd5
Checkpoint. Added docs for the new exception handling APIs and for
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6126
diff
changeset
|
1179 |
| 7782 | 1180 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyImport_Import}{PyObject *name} |
|
6382
16cd39805fd5
Checkpoint. Added docs for the new exception handling APIs and for
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6126
diff
changeset
|
1181 This is a higher-level interface that calls the current ``import hook |
| 7308 | 1182 function''. It invokes the \function{__import__()} function from the |
|
6382
16cd39805fd5
Checkpoint. Added docs for the new exception handling APIs and for
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6126
diff
changeset
|
1183 \code{__builtins__} of the current globals. This means that the |
|
16cd39805fd5
Checkpoint. Added docs for the new exception handling APIs and for
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6126
diff
changeset
|
1184 import is done using whatever import hooks are installed in the |
|
7310
6095a472f574
Place C typedef for Py_complex after brief description, to be more consistent
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7309
diff
changeset
|
1185 current environment, e.g. by \module{rexec}\refstmodindex{rexec} or |
|
6095a472f574
Place C typedef for Py_complex after brief description, to be more consistent
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7309
diff
changeset
|
1186 \module{ihooks}\refstmodindex{ihooks}. |
|
6382
16cd39805fd5
Checkpoint. Added docs for the new exception handling APIs and for
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6126
diff
changeset
|
1187 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
16cd39805fd5
Checkpoint. Added docs for the new exception handling APIs and for
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6126
diff
changeset
|
1188 |
| 7782 | 1189 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyImport_ReloadModule}{PyObject *m} |
|
6382
16cd39805fd5
Checkpoint. Added docs for the new exception handling APIs and for
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6126
diff
changeset
|
1190 Reload a module. This is best described by referring to the built-in |
|
7309
d7266372dd37
Added index enties for the Python built-in functions, where appropriate.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7308
diff
changeset
|
1191 Python function \function{reload()}\bifuncindex{reload}, as the standard |
| 7308 | 1192 \function{reload()} function calls this function directly. Return a |
| 1193 new reference to the reloaded module, or \NULL{} with an exception set | |
| 1194 on failure (the module still exists in this case). | |
|
6382
16cd39805fd5
Checkpoint. Added docs for the new exception handling APIs and for
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6126
diff
changeset
|
1195 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
16cd39805fd5
Checkpoint. Added docs for the new exception handling APIs and for
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6126
diff
changeset
|
1196 |
| 7782 | 1197 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyImport_AddModule}{char *name} |
|
6382
16cd39805fd5
Checkpoint. Added docs for the new exception handling APIs and for
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6126
diff
changeset
|
1198 Return the module object corresponding to a module name. The |
|
16cd39805fd5
Checkpoint. Added docs for the new exception handling APIs and for
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6126
diff
changeset
|
1199 \var{name} argument may be of the form \code{package.module}). First |
|
16cd39805fd5
Checkpoint. Added docs for the new exception handling APIs and for
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6126
diff
changeset
|
1200 check the modules dictionary if there's one there, and if not, create |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1201 a new one and insert in in the modules dictionary. |
|
9476
1ea6d2356e52
Warn that AddModule doesn't import the module.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
9383
diff
changeset
|
1202 Warning: this function does not load or import the module; if the |
|
1ea6d2356e52
Warn that AddModule doesn't import the module.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
9383
diff
changeset
|
1203 module wasn't already loaded, you will get an empty module object. |
|
1ea6d2356e52
Warn that AddModule doesn't import the module.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
9383
diff
changeset
|
1204 Use \cfunction{PyImport_ImportModule()} or one of its variants to |
|
1ea6d2356e52
Warn that AddModule doesn't import the module.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
9383
diff
changeset
|
1205 import a module. |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1206 Return \NULL{} with an exception set on failure. |
|
6382
16cd39805fd5
Checkpoint. Added docs for the new exception handling APIs and for
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6126
diff
changeset
|
1207 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
16cd39805fd5
Checkpoint. Added docs for the new exception handling APIs and for
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6126
diff
changeset
|
1208 |
| 7782 | 1209 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyImport_ExecCodeModule}{char *name, PyObject *co} |
|
6382
16cd39805fd5
Checkpoint. Added docs for the new exception handling APIs and for
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6126
diff
changeset
|
1210 Given a module name (possibly of the form \code{package.module}) and a |
|
16cd39805fd5
Checkpoint. Added docs for the new exception handling APIs and for
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6126
diff
changeset
|
1211 code object read from a Python bytecode file or obtained from the |
|
7309
d7266372dd37
Added index enties for the Python built-in functions, where appropriate.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7308
diff
changeset
|
1212 built-in function \function{compile()}\bifuncindex{compile}, load the |
|
d7266372dd37
Added index enties for the Python built-in functions, where appropriate.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7308
diff
changeset
|
1213 module. Return a new reference to the module object, or \NULL{} with |
|
d7266372dd37
Added index enties for the Python built-in functions, where appropriate.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7308
diff
changeset
|
1214 an exception set if an error occurred (the module may still be created |
|
d7266372dd37
Added index enties for the Python built-in functions, where appropriate.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7308
diff
changeset
|
1215 in this case). (This function would reload the module if it was |
|
d7266372dd37
Added index enties for the Python built-in functions, where appropriate.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7308
diff
changeset
|
1216 already imported.) |
|
6382
16cd39805fd5
Checkpoint. Added docs for the new exception handling APIs and for
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6126
diff
changeset
|
1217 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
16cd39805fd5
Checkpoint. Added docs for the new exception handling APIs and for
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6126
diff
changeset
|
1218 |
|
16cd39805fd5
Checkpoint. Added docs for the new exception handling APIs and for
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6126
diff
changeset
|
1219 \begin{cfuncdesc}{long}{PyImport_GetMagicNumber}{} |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1220 Return the magic number for Python bytecode files (a.k.a. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1221 \file{.pyc} and \file{.pyo} files). The magic number should be |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1222 present in the first four bytes of the bytecode file, in little-endian |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1223 byte order. |
|
6382
16cd39805fd5
Checkpoint. Added docs for the new exception handling APIs and for
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6126
diff
changeset
|
1224 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
16cd39805fd5
Checkpoint. Added docs for the new exception handling APIs and for
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6126
diff
changeset
|
1225 |
| 7782 | 1226 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyImport_GetModuleDict}{} |
|
6382
16cd39805fd5
Checkpoint. Added docs for the new exception handling APIs and for
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6126
diff
changeset
|
1227 Return the dictionary used for the module administration |
|
16cd39805fd5
Checkpoint. Added docs for the new exception handling APIs and for
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6126
diff
changeset
|
1228 (a.k.a. \code{sys.modules}). Note that this is a per-interpreter |
|
16cd39805fd5
Checkpoint. Added docs for the new exception handling APIs and for
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6126
diff
changeset
|
1229 variable. |
|
16cd39805fd5
Checkpoint. Added docs for the new exception handling APIs and for
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6126
diff
changeset
|
1230 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
16cd39805fd5
Checkpoint. Added docs for the new exception handling APIs and for
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6126
diff
changeset
|
1231 |
|
16cd39805fd5
Checkpoint. Added docs for the new exception handling APIs and for
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6126
diff
changeset
|
1232 \begin{cfuncdesc}{void}{_PyImport_Init}{} |
|
16cd39805fd5
Checkpoint. Added docs for the new exception handling APIs and for
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6126
diff
changeset
|
1233 Initialize the import mechanism. For internal use only. |
|
16cd39805fd5
Checkpoint. Added docs for the new exception handling APIs and for
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6126
diff
changeset
|
1234 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
16cd39805fd5
Checkpoint. Added docs for the new exception handling APIs and for
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6126
diff
changeset
|
1235 |
|
16cd39805fd5
Checkpoint. Added docs for the new exception handling APIs and for
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6126
diff
changeset
|
1236 \begin{cfuncdesc}{void}{PyImport_Cleanup}{} |
|
16cd39805fd5
Checkpoint. Added docs for the new exception handling APIs and for
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6126
diff
changeset
|
1237 Empty the module table. For internal use only. |
|
16cd39805fd5
Checkpoint. Added docs for the new exception handling APIs and for
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6126
diff
changeset
|
1238 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
16cd39805fd5
Checkpoint. Added docs for the new exception handling APIs and for
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6126
diff
changeset
|
1239 |
|
16cd39805fd5
Checkpoint. Added docs for the new exception handling APIs and for
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6126
diff
changeset
|
1240 \begin{cfuncdesc}{void}{_PyImport_Fini}{} |
|
16cd39805fd5
Checkpoint. Added docs for the new exception handling APIs and for
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6126
diff
changeset
|
1241 Finalize the import mechanism. For internal use only. |
|
16cd39805fd5
Checkpoint. Added docs for the new exception handling APIs and for
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6126
diff
changeset
|
1242 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
16cd39805fd5
Checkpoint. Added docs for the new exception handling APIs and for
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6126
diff
changeset
|
1243 |
| 7782 | 1244 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{_PyImport_FindExtension}{char *, char *} |
|
6382
16cd39805fd5
Checkpoint. Added docs for the new exception handling APIs and for
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6126
diff
changeset
|
1245 For internal use only. |
|
6991
f349bf0e9322
A whole bunch of typos fixed by Andrew Kuchling.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6653
diff
changeset
|
1246 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
f349bf0e9322
A whole bunch of typos fixed by Andrew Kuchling.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6653
diff
changeset
|
1247 |
| 7782 | 1248 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{_PyImport_FixupExtension}{char *, char *} |
|
6382
16cd39805fd5
Checkpoint. Added docs for the new exception handling APIs and for
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6126
diff
changeset
|
1249 For internal use only. |
|
6991
f349bf0e9322
A whole bunch of typos fixed by Andrew Kuchling.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6653
diff
changeset
|
1250 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
6382
16cd39805fd5
Checkpoint. Added docs for the new exception handling APIs and for
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6126
diff
changeset
|
1251 |
| 12947 | 1252 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyImport_ImportFrozenModule}{char *name} |
| 1253 Load a frozen module named \var{name}. Return \code{1} for success, | |
| 1254 \code{0} if the module is not found, and \code{-1} with an exception | |
| 1255 set if the initialization failed. To access the imported module on a | |
| 1256 successful load, use \cfunction{PyImport_ImportModule()}. | |
| 7308 | 1257 (Note the misnomer --- this function would reload the module if it was |
|
6382
16cd39805fd5
Checkpoint. Added docs for the new exception handling APIs and for
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6126
diff
changeset
|
1258 already imported.) |
|
16cd39805fd5
Checkpoint. Added docs for the new exception handling APIs and for
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6126
diff
changeset
|
1259 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
16cd39805fd5
Checkpoint. Added docs for the new exception handling APIs and for
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6126
diff
changeset
|
1260 |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1261 \begin{ctypedesc}[_frozen]{struct _frozen} |
|
6382
16cd39805fd5
Checkpoint. Added docs for the new exception handling APIs and for
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6126
diff
changeset
|
1262 This is the structure type definition for frozen module descriptors, |
| 7782 | 1263 as generated by the \program{freeze}\index{freeze utility} utility |
| 1264 (see \file{Tools/freeze/} in the Python source distribution). Its | |
|
14337
3b84c5ff89da
Document PyImport_AppendInittab(), PyImport_ExtendInittab(), and
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14330
diff
changeset
|
1265 definition, found in \file{Include/import.h}, is: |
| 7782 | 1266 |
|
6417
4491f84ac223
Change title to {Python/C API Reference Manual}; remove \bcode \ecode
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6390
diff
changeset
|
1267 \begin{verbatim} |
|
6382
16cd39805fd5
Checkpoint. Added docs for the new exception handling APIs and for
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6126
diff
changeset
|
1268 struct _frozen { |
| 6480 | 1269 char *name; |
| 1270 unsigned char *code; | |
| 1271 int size; | |
|
6382
16cd39805fd5
Checkpoint. Added docs for the new exception handling APIs and for
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6126
diff
changeset
|
1272 }; |
|
6417
4491f84ac223
Change title to {Python/C API Reference Manual}; remove \bcode \ecode
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6390
diff
changeset
|
1273 \end{verbatim} |
|
6382
16cd39805fd5
Checkpoint. Added docs for the new exception handling APIs and for
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6126
diff
changeset
|
1274 \end{ctypedesc} |
|
16cd39805fd5
Checkpoint. Added docs for the new exception handling APIs and for
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6126
diff
changeset
|
1275 |
| 7782 | 1276 \begin{cvardesc}{struct _frozen*}{PyImport_FrozenModules} |
|
8120
068fea15cbcd
Convert recent additions to use new, "logical" markup.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
8109
diff
changeset
|
1277 This pointer is initialized to point to an array of \ctype{struct |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1278 _frozen} records, terminated by one whose members are all |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1279 \NULL{} or zero. When a frozen module is imported, it is searched in |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1280 this table. Third-party code could play tricks with this to provide a |
|
6382
16cd39805fd5
Checkpoint. Added docs for the new exception handling APIs and for
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6126
diff
changeset
|
1281 dynamically created collection of frozen modules. |
|
16cd39805fd5
Checkpoint. Added docs for the new exception handling APIs and for
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6126
diff
changeset
|
1282 \end{cvardesc} |
|
16cd39805fd5
Checkpoint. Added docs for the new exception handling APIs and for
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6126
diff
changeset
|
1283 |
|
14337
3b84c5ff89da
Document PyImport_AppendInittab(), PyImport_ExtendInittab(), and
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14330
diff
changeset
|
1284 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyImport_AppendInittab}{char *name, |
|
3b84c5ff89da
Document PyImport_AppendInittab(), PyImport_ExtendInittab(), and
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14330
diff
changeset
|
1285 void (*initfunc)(void)} |
|
3b84c5ff89da
Document PyImport_AppendInittab(), PyImport_ExtendInittab(), and
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14330
diff
changeset
|
1286 Add a single module to the existing table of built-in modules. This |
|
3b84c5ff89da
Document PyImport_AppendInittab(), PyImport_ExtendInittab(), and
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14330
diff
changeset
|
1287 is a convenience wrapper around \cfunction{PyImport_ExtendInittab()}, |
|
3b84c5ff89da
Document PyImport_AppendInittab(), PyImport_ExtendInittab(), and
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14330
diff
changeset
|
1288 returning \code{-1} if the table could not be extended. The new |
|
3b84c5ff89da
Document PyImport_AppendInittab(), PyImport_ExtendInittab(), and
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14330
diff
changeset
|
1289 module can be imported by the name \var{name}, and uses the function |
|
3b84c5ff89da
Document PyImport_AppendInittab(), PyImport_ExtendInittab(), and
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14330
diff
changeset
|
1290 \var{initfunc} as the initialization function called on the first |
|
3b84c5ff89da
Document PyImport_AppendInittab(), PyImport_ExtendInittab(), and
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14330
diff
changeset
|
1291 attempted import. This should be called before |
|
3b84c5ff89da
Document PyImport_AppendInittab(), PyImport_ExtendInittab(), and
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14330
diff
changeset
|
1292 \cfunction{Py_Initialize()}. |
|
3b84c5ff89da
Document PyImport_AppendInittab(), PyImport_ExtendInittab(), and
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14330
diff
changeset
|
1293 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
3b84c5ff89da
Document PyImport_AppendInittab(), PyImport_ExtendInittab(), and
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14330
diff
changeset
|
1294 |
|
3b84c5ff89da
Document PyImport_AppendInittab(), PyImport_ExtendInittab(), and
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14330
diff
changeset
|
1295 \begin{ctypedesc}[_inittab]{struct _inittab} |
|
3b84c5ff89da
Document PyImport_AppendInittab(), PyImport_ExtendInittab(), and
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14330
diff
changeset
|
1296 Structure describing a single entry in the list of built-in modules. |
|
3b84c5ff89da
Document PyImport_AppendInittab(), PyImport_ExtendInittab(), and
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14330
diff
changeset
|
1297 Each of these structures gives the name and initialization function |
|
3b84c5ff89da
Document PyImport_AppendInittab(), PyImport_ExtendInittab(), and
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14330
diff
changeset
|
1298 for a module built into the interpreter. Programs which embed Python |
|
3b84c5ff89da
Document PyImport_AppendInittab(), PyImport_ExtendInittab(), and
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14330
diff
changeset
|
1299 may use an array of these structures in conjunction with |
|
3b84c5ff89da
Document PyImport_AppendInittab(), PyImport_ExtendInittab(), and
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14330
diff
changeset
|
1300 \cfunction{PyImport_ExtendInittab()} to provide additional built-in |
|
3b84c5ff89da
Document PyImport_AppendInittab(), PyImport_ExtendInittab(), and
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14330
diff
changeset
|
1301 modules. The structure is defined in \file{Include/import.h} as: |
|
3b84c5ff89da
Document PyImport_AppendInittab(), PyImport_ExtendInittab(), and
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14330
diff
changeset
|
1302 |
|
3b84c5ff89da
Document PyImport_AppendInittab(), PyImport_ExtendInittab(), and
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14330
diff
changeset
|
1303 \begin{verbatim} |
|
3b84c5ff89da
Document PyImport_AppendInittab(), PyImport_ExtendInittab(), and
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14330
diff
changeset
|
1304 struct _inittab { |
|
3b84c5ff89da
Document PyImport_AppendInittab(), PyImport_ExtendInittab(), and
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14330
diff
changeset
|
1305 char *name; |
|
3b84c5ff89da
Document PyImport_AppendInittab(), PyImport_ExtendInittab(), and
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14330
diff
changeset
|
1306 void (*initfunc)(void); |
|
3b84c5ff89da
Document PyImport_AppendInittab(), PyImport_ExtendInittab(), and
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14330
diff
changeset
|
1307 }; |
|
3b84c5ff89da
Document PyImport_AppendInittab(), PyImport_ExtendInittab(), and
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14330
diff
changeset
|
1308 \end{verbatim} |
|
3b84c5ff89da
Document PyImport_AppendInittab(), PyImport_ExtendInittab(), and
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14330
diff
changeset
|
1309 \end{ctypedesc} |
|
3b84c5ff89da
Document PyImport_AppendInittab(), PyImport_ExtendInittab(), and
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14330
diff
changeset
|
1310 |
|
3b84c5ff89da
Document PyImport_AppendInittab(), PyImport_ExtendInittab(), and
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14330
diff
changeset
|
1311 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyImport_ExtendInittab}{struct _inittab *newtab} |
|
3b84c5ff89da
Document PyImport_AppendInittab(), PyImport_ExtendInittab(), and
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14330
diff
changeset
|
1312 Add a collection of modules to the table of built-in modules. The |
|
3b84c5ff89da
Document PyImport_AppendInittab(), PyImport_ExtendInittab(), and
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14330
diff
changeset
|
1313 \var{newtab} array must end with a sentinel entry which contains |
|
3b84c5ff89da
Document PyImport_AppendInittab(), PyImport_ExtendInittab(), and
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14330
diff
changeset
|
1314 \NULL{} for the \member{name} field; failure to provide the sentinel |
|
3b84c5ff89da
Document PyImport_AppendInittab(), PyImport_ExtendInittab(), and
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14330
diff
changeset
|
1315 value can result in a memory fault. Returns \code{0} on success or |
|
3b84c5ff89da
Document PyImport_AppendInittab(), PyImport_ExtendInittab(), and
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14330
diff
changeset
|
1316 \code{-1} if insufficient memory could be allocated to extend the |
|
3b84c5ff89da
Document PyImport_AppendInittab(), PyImport_ExtendInittab(), and
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14330
diff
changeset
|
1317 internal table. In the event of failure, no modules are added to the |
|
3b84c5ff89da
Document PyImport_AppendInittab(), PyImport_ExtendInittab(), and
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14330
diff
changeset
|
1318 internal table. This should be called before |
|
3b84c5ff89da
Document PyImport_AppendInittab(), PyImport_ExtendInittab(), and
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14330
diff
changeset
|
1319 \cfunction{Py_Initialize()}. |
|
3b84c5ff89da
Document PyImport_AppendInittab(), PyImport_ExtendInittab(), and
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14330
diff
changeset
|
1320 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
3b84c5ff89da
Document PyImport_AppendInittab(), PyImport_ExtendInittab(), and
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14330
diff
changeset
|
1321 |
|
6382
16cd39805fd5
Checkpoint. Added docs for the new exception handling APIs and for
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6126
diff
changeset
|
1322 |
| 10163 | 1323 \chapter{Abstract Objects Layer \label{abstract}} |
|
5536
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1324 |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1325 The functions in this chapter interact with Python objects regardless |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1326 of their type, or with wide classes of object types (e.g. all |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1327 numerical types, or all sequence types). When used on object types |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1328 for which they do not apply, they will raise a Python exception. |
|
5536
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1329 |
| 10163 | 1330 \section{Object Protocol \label{object}} |
|
5536
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1331 |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1332 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyObject_Print}{PyObject *o, FILE *fp, int flags} |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1333 Print an object \var{o}, on file \var{fp}. Returns \code{-1} on error. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1334 The flags argument is used to enable certain printing options. The |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1335 only option currently supported is \constant{Py_PRINT_RAW}; if given, |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1336 the \function{str()} of the object is written instead of the |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1337 \function{repr()}. |
|
5536
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1338 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1339 |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1340 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyObject_HasAttrString}{PyObject *o, char *attr_name} |
| 7308 | 1341 Returns \code{1} if \var{o} has the attribute \var{attr_name}, and |
| 1342 \code{0} otherwise. This is equivalent to the Python expression | |
| 1343 \samp{hasattr(\var{o}, \var{attr_name})}. | |
|
5536
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1344 This function always succeeds. |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1345 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1346 |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1347 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyObject_GetAttrString}{PyObject *o, |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1348 char *attr_name} |
| 7308 | 1349 Retrieve an attribute named \var{attr_name} from object \var{o}. |
|
5536
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1350 Returns the attribute value on success, or \NULL{} on failure. |
| 7308 | 1351 This is the equivalent of the Python expression |
| 1352 \samp{\var{o}.\var{attr_name}}. | |
|
5536
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1353 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1354 |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1355 |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1356 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyObject_HasAttr}{PyObject *o, PyObject *attr_name} |
| 7308 | 1357 Returns \code{1} if \var{o} has the attribute \var{attr_name}, and |
| 1358 \code{0} otherwise. This is equivalent to the Python expression | |
| 1359 \samp{hasattr(\var{o}, \var{attr_name})}. | |
|
5536
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1360 This function always succeeds. |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1361 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1362 |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1363 |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1364 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyObject_GetAttr}{PyObject *o, |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1365 PyObject *attr_name} |
| 7308 | 1366 Retrieve an attribute named \var{attr_name} from object \var{o}. |
|
5536
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1367 Returns the attribute value on success, or \NULL{} on failure. |
| 7308 | 1368 This is the equivalent of the Python expression |
| 1369 \samp{\var{o}.\var{attr_name}}. | |
|
5536
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1370 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1371 |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1372 |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1373 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyObject_SetAttrString}{PyObject *o, char *attr_name, PyObject *v} |
| 7308 | 1374 Set the value of the attribute named \var{attr_name}, for object |
| 1375 \var{o}, to the value \var{v}. Returns \code{-1} on failure. This is | |
| 1376 the equivalent of the Python statement \samp{\var{o}.\var{attr_name} = | |
| 1377 \var{v}}. | |
|
5536
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1378 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1379 |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1380 |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1381 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyObject_SetAttr}{PyObject *o, PyObject *attr_name, PyObject *v} |
| 7308 | 1382 Set the value of the attribute named \var{attr_name}, for |
| 1383 object \var{o}, | |
| 1384 to the value \var{v}. Returns \code{-1} on failure. This is | |
| 1385 the equivalent of the Python statement \samp{\var{o}.\var{attr_name} = | |
| 1386 \var{v}}. | |
|
5536
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1387 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1388 |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1389 |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1390 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyObject_DelAttrString}{PyObject *o, char *attr_name} |
| 7308 | 1391 Delete attribute named \var{attr_name}, for object \var{o}. Returns |
| 1392 \code{-1} on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python | |
| 1393 statement: \samp{del \var{o}.\var{attr_name}}. | |
|
5536
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1394 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1395 |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1396 |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1397 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyObject_DelAttr}{PyObject *o, PyObject *attr_name} |
| 7308 | 1398 Delete attribute named \var{attr_name}, for object \var{o}. Returns |
| 1399 \code{-1} on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python | |
| 1400 statement \samp{del \var{o}.\var{attr_name}}. | |
|
5536
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1401 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1402 |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1403 |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1404 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyObject_Cmp}{PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2, int *result} |
| 7308 | 1405 Compare the values of \var{o1} and \var{o2} using a routine provided |
| 1406 by \var{o1}, if one exists, otherwise with a routine provided by | |
| 1407 \var{o2}. The result of the comparison is returned in \var{result}. | |
| 1408 Returns \code{-1} on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python | |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1409 statement\bifuncindex{cmp} \samp{\var{result} = cmp(\var{o1}, \var{o2})}. |
|
5536
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1410 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1411 |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1412 |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1413 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyObject_Compare}{PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2} |
| 7308 | 1414 Compare the values of \var{o1} and \var{o2} using a routine provided |
| 1415 by \var{o1}, if one exists, otherwise with a routine provided by | |
| 1416 \var{o2}. Returns the result of the comparison on success. On error, | |
| 1417 the value returned is undefined; use \cfunction{PyErr_Occurred()} to | |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1418 detect an error. This is equivalent to the Python |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1419 expression\bifuncindex{cmp} \samp{cmp(\var{o1}, \var{o2})}. |
|
5536
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1420 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1421 |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1422 |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1423 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyObject_Repr}{PyObject *o} |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1424 Compute a string representation of object \var{o}. Returns the |
|
5536
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1425 string representation on success, \NULL{} on failure. This is |
| 7308 | 1426 the equivalent of the Python expression \samp{repr(\var{o})}. |
| 1427 Called by the \function{repr()}\bifuncindex{repr} built-in function | |
| 1428 and by reverse quotes. | |
|
5536
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1429 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1430 |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1431 |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1432 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyObject_Str}{PyObject *o} |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1433 Compute a string representation of object \var{o}. Returns the |
|
5536
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1434 string representation on success, \NULL{} on failure. This is |
| 7308 | 1435 the equivalent of the Python expression \samp{str(\var{o})}. |
| 1436 Called by the \function{str()}\bifuncindex{str} built-in function and | |
| 1437 by the \keyword{print} statement. | |
|
5536
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1438 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1439 |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1440 |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1441 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyCallable_Check}{PyObject *o} |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1442 Determine if the object \var{o} is callable. Return \code{1} if the |
| 7308 | 1443 object is callable and \code{0} otherwise. |
|
5536
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1444 This function always succeeds. |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1445 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1446 |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1447 |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1448 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyObject_CallObject}{PyObject *callable_object, |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1449 PyObject *args} |
| 7308 | 1450 Call a callable Python object \var{callable_object}, with |
| 1451 arguments given by the tuple \var{args}. If no arguments are | |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1452 needed, then \var{args} may be \NULL{}. Returns the result of the |
|
5536
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1453 call on success, or \NULL{} on failure. This is the equivalent |
| 7308 | 1454 of the Python expression \samp{apply(\var{o}, \var{args})}. |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1455 \bifuncindex{apply} |
|
5536
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1456 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1457 |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1458 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyObject_CallFunction}{PyObject *callable_object, char *format, ...} |
| 7308 | 1459 Call a callable Python object \var{callable_object}, with a |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1460 variable number of C arguments. The C arguments are described |
| 7308 | 1461 using a \cfunction{Py_BuildValue()} style format string. The format may |
| 1462 be \NULL{}, indicating that no arguments are provided. Returns the | |
|
5536
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1463 result of the call on success, or \NULL{} on failure. This is |
| 7308 | 1464 the equivalent of the Python expression \samp{apply(\var{o}, |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1465 \var{args})}.\bifuncindex{apply} |
|
5536
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1466 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1467 |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1468 |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1469 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyObject_CallMethod}{PyObject *o, char *m, char *format, ...} |
| 7308 | 1470 Call the method named \var{m} of object \var{o} with a variable number |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1471 of C arguments. The C arguments are described by a |
| 7308 | 1472 \cfunction{Py_BuildValue()} format string. The format may be \NULL{}, |
| 1473 indicating that no arguments are provided. Returns the result of the | |
| 1474 call on success, or \NULL{} on failure. This is the equivalent of the | |
| 1475 Python expression \samp{\var{o}.\var{method}(\var{args})}. | |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1476 Note that special method names, such as \method{__add__()}, |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1477 \method{__getitem__()}, and so on are not supported. The specific |
|
5536
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1478 abstract-object routines for these must be used. |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1479 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1480 |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1481 |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1482 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyObject_Hash}{PyObject *o} |
| 7308 | 1483 Compute and return the hash value of an object \var{o}. On |
| 1484 failure, return \code{-1}. This is the equivalent of the Python | |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1485 expression \samp{hash(\var{o})}.\bifuncindex{hash} |
|
5536
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1486 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1487 |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1488 |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1489 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyObject_IsTrue}{PyObject *o} |
| 7308 | 1490 Returns \code{1} if the object \var{o} is considered to be true, and |
| 1491 \code{0} otherwise. This is equivalent to the Python expression | |
| 1492 \samp{not not \var{o}}. | |
|
5536
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1493 This function always succeeds. |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1494 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1495 |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1496 |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1497 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyObject_Type}{PyObject *o} |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1498 On success, returns a type object corresponding to the object |
| 7308 | 1499 type of object \var{o}. On failure, returns \NULL{}. This is |
| 1500 equivalent to the Python expression \samp{type(\var{o})}. | |
|
7309
d7266372dd37
Added index enties for the Python built-in functions, where appropriate.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7308
diff
changeset
|
1501 \bifuncindex{type} |
|
5536
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1502 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1503 |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1504 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyObject_Length}{PyObject *o} |
| 7308 | 1505 Return the length of object \var{o}. If the object \var{o} provides |
|
5536
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1506 both sequence and mapping protocols, the sequence length is |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1507 returned. On error, \code{-1} is returned. This is the equivalent |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1508 to the Python expression \samp{len(\var{o})}.\bifuncindex{len} |
|
5536
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1509 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1510 |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1511 |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1512 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyObject_GetItem}{PyObject *o, PyObject *key} |
| 7308 | 1513 Return element of \var{o} corresponding to the object \var{key} or |
| 1514 \NULL{} on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python expression | |
| 1515 \samp{\var{o}[\var{key}]}. | |
|
5536
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1516 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1517 |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1518 |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1519 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyObject_SetItem}{PyObject *o, PyObject *key, PyObject *v} |
| 7308 | 1520 Map the object \var{key} to the value \var{v}. |
| 1521 Returns \code{-1} on failure. This is the equivalent | |
| 1522 of the Python statement \samp{\var{o}[\var{key}] = \var{v}}. | |
|
5536
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1523 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1524 |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1525 |
|
9931
00fc18ac6aeb
Header for PyObject_DelItem() mentioned non-existing 3rd argument.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
9476
diff
changeset
|
1526 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyObject_DelItem}{PyObject *o, PyObject *key} |
| 7308 | 1527 Delete the mapping for \var{key} from \var{o}. Returns \code{-1} on |
| 1528 failure. This is the equivalent of the Python statement \samp{del | |
| 1529 \var{o}[\var{key}]}. | |
|
5536
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1530 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1531 |
|
13592
9ca50e2433eb
Document PyObject_AsFileDescriptor
Andrew M. Kuchling <amk@amk.ca>
parents:
13404
diff
changeset
|
1532 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyObject_AsFileDescriptor}{PyObject *o} |
|
9ca50e2433eb
Document PyObject_AsFileDescriptor
Andrew M. Kuchling <amk@amk.ca>
parents:
13404
diff
changeset
|
1533 Derives a file-descriptor from a Python object. If the object |
|
9ca50e2433eb
Document PyObject_AsFileDescriptor
Andrew M. Kuchling <amk@amk.ca>
parents:
13404
diff
changeset
|
1534 is an integer or long integer, its value is returned. If not, the |
|
9ca50e2433eb
Document PyObject_AsFileDescriptor
Andrew M. Kuchling <amk@amk.ca>
parents:
13404
diff
changeset
|
1535 object's \method{fileno()} method is called if it exists; the method |
|
9ca50e2433eb
Document PyObject_AsFileDescriptor
Andrew M. Kuchling <amk@amk.ca>
parents:
13404
diff
changeset
|
1536 must return an integer or long integer, which is returned as the file |
|
9ca50e2433eb
Document PyObject_AsFileDescriptor
Andrew M. Kuchling <amk@amk.ca>
parents:
13404
diff
changeset
|
1537 descriptor value. Returns \code{-1} on failure. |
|
9ca50e2433eb
Document PyObject_AsFileDescriptor
Andrew M. Kuchling <amk@amk.ca>
parents:
13404
diff
changeset
|
1538 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
5536
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1539 |
| 10163 | 1540 \section{Number Protocol \label{number}} |
|
5536
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1541 |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1542 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyNumber_Check}{PyObject *o} |
| 7308 | 1543 Returns \code{1} if the object \var{o} provides numeric protocols, and |
|
5536
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1544 false otherwise. |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1545 This function always succeeds. |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1546 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1547 |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1548 |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1549 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyNumber_Add}{PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2} |
| 7308 | 1550 Returns the result of adding \var{o1} and \var{o2}, or \NULL{} on |
| 1551 failure. This is the equivalent of the Python expression | |
| 1552 \samp{\var{o1} + \var{o2}}. | |
|
5536
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1553 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1554 |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1555 |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1556 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyNumber_Subtract}{PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2} |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1557 Returns the result of subtracting \var{o2} from \var{o1}, or |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1558 \NULL{} on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python expression |
| 7308 | 1559 \samp{\var{o1} - \var{o2}}. |
|
5536
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1560 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1561 |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1562 |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1563 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyNumber_Multiply}{PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2} |
| 7308 | 1564 Returns the result of multiplying \var{o1} and \var{o2}, or \NULL{} on |
| 1565 failure. This is the equivalent of the Python expression | |
| 1566 \samp{\var{o1} * \var{o2}}. | |
|
5536
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1567 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1568 |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1569 |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1570 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyNumber_Divide}{PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2} |
| 7308 | 1571 Returns the result of dividing \var{o1} by \var{o2}, or \NULL{} on |
| 1572 failure. | |
| 1573 This is the equivalent of the Python expression \samp{\var{o1} / | |
| 1574 \var{o2}}. | |
|
5536
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1575 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1576 |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1577 |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1578 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyNumber_Remainder}{PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2} |
| 7308 | 1579 Returns the remainder of dividing \var{o1} by \var{o2}, or \NULL{} on |
| 1580 failure. This is the equivalent of the Python expression | |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1581 \samp{\var{o1} \%\ \var{o2}}. |
|
5536
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1582 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1583 |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1584 |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1585 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyNumber_Divmod}{PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2} |
|
7309
d7266372dd37
Added index enties for the Python built-in functions, where appropriate.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7308
diff
changeset
|
1586 See the built-in function \function{divmod()}\bifuncindex{divmod}. |
|
d7266372dd37
Added index enties for the Python built-in functions, where appropriate.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7308
diff
changeset
|
1587 Returns \NULL{} on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python |
|
d7266372dd37
Added index enties for the Python built-in functions, where appropriate.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7308
diff
changeset
|
1588 expression \samp{divmod(\var{o1}, \var{o2})}. |
|
5536
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1589 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1590 |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1591 |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1592 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyNumber_Power}{PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2, PyObject *o3} |
|
7309
d7266372dd37
Added index enties for the Python built-in functions, where appropriate.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7308
diff
changeset
|
1593 See the built-in function \function{pow()}\bifuncindex{pow}. Returns |
|
d7266372dd37
Added index enties for the Python built-in functions, where appropriate.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7308
diff
changeset
|
1594 \NULL{} on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python expression |
| 7308 | 1595 \samp{pow(\var{o1}, \var{o2}, \var{o3})}, where \var{o3} is optional. |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1596 If \var{o3} is to be ignored, pass \cdata{Py_None} in its place |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1597 (passing \NULL{} for \var{o3} would cause an illegal memory access). |
|
5536
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1598 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1599 |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1600 |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1601 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyNumber_Negative}{PyObject *o} |
| 7308 | 1602 Returns the negation of \var{o} on success, or \NULL{} on failure. |
| 1603 This is the equivalent of the Python expression \samp{-\var{o}}. | |
|
5536
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1604 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1605 |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1606 |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1607 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyNumber_Positive}{PyObject *o} |
| 7308 | 1608 Returns \var{o} on success, or \NULL{} on failure. |
| 1609 This is the equivalent of the Python expression \samp{+\var{o}}. | |
|
5536
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1610 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1611 |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1612 |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1613 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyNumber_Absolute}{PyObject *o} |
| 7308 | 1614 Returns the absolute value of \var{o}, or \NULL{} on failure. This is |
| 1615 the equivalent of the Python expression \samp{abs(\var{o})}. | |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1616 \bifuncindex{abs} |
|
5536
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1617 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1618 |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1619 |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1620 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyNumber_Invert}{PyObject *o} |
| 7308 | 1621 Returns the bitwise negation of \var{o} on success, or \NULL{} on |
| 1622 failure. This is the equivalent of the Python expression | |
| 1623 \samp{\~\var{o}}. | |
|
5536
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1624 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1625 |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1626 |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1627 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyNumber_Lshift}{PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2} |
| 7308 | 1628 Returns the result of left shifting \var{o1} by \var{o2} on success, |
| 1629 or \NULL{} on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python | |
| 1630 expression \samp{\var{o1} << \var{o2}}. | |
|
5536
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1631 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1632 |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1633 |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1634 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyNumber_Rshift}{PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2} |
| 7308 | 1635 Returns the result of right shifting \var{o1} by \var{o2} on success, |
| 1636 or \NULL{} on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python | |
| 1637 expression \samp{\var{o1} >> \var{o2}}. | |
|
5536
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1638 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1639 |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1640 |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1641 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyNumber_And}{PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2} |
|
14528
7366bb95f212
Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14526
diff
changeset
|
1642 Returns the ``bitwise and'' of \var{o2} and \var{o2} on success and |
|
7366bb95f212
Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14526
diff
changeset
|
1643 \NULL{} on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python expression |
|
7366bb95f212
Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14526
diff
changeset
|
1644 \samp{\var{o1} \& \var{o2}}. |
|
5536
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1645 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1646 |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1647 |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1648 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyNumber_Xor}{PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2} |
|
14528
7366bb95f212
Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14526
diff
changeset
|
1649 Returns the ``bitwise exclusive or'' of \var{o1} by \var{o2} on success, |
| 7308 | 1650 or \NULL{} on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python |
| 1651 expression \samp{\var{o1} \^{ }\var{o2}}. | |
|
5536
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1652 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1653 |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1654 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyNumber_Or}{PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2} |
|
14528
7366bb95f212
Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14526
diff
changeset
|
1655 Returns the ``bitwise or'' of \var{o1} and \var{o2} on success, or |
|
7366bb95f212
Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14526
diff
changeset
|
1656 \NULL{} on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python expression |
|
7366bb95f212
Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14526
diff
changeset
|
1657 \samp{\var{o1} | \var{o2}}. |
|
7366bb95f212
Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14526
diff
changeset
|
1658 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
7366bb95f212
Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14526
diff
changeset
|
1659 |
|
7366bb95f212
Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14526
diff
changeset
|
1660 |
|
7366bb95f212
Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14526
diff
changeset
|
1661 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyNumber_InPlaceAdd}{PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2} |
|
7366bb95f212
Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14526
diff
changeset
|
1662 Returns the result of adding \var{o1} and \var{o2}, or \NULL{} on failure. |
|
7366bb95f212
Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14526
diff
changeset
|
1663 The operation is done \emph{in-place} when \var{o1} supports it. This is the |
|
7366bb95f212
Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14526
diff
changeset
|
1664 equivalent of the Python expression \samp{\var{o1} += \var{o2}}. |
|
7366bb95f212
Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14526
diff
changeset
|
1665 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
7366bb95f212
Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14526
diff
changeset
|
1666 |
|
7366bb95f212
Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14526
diff
changeset
|
1667 |
|
7366bb95f212
Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14526
diff
changeset
|
1668 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyNumber_InPlaceSubtract}{PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2} |
|
7366bb95f212
Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14526
diff
changeset
|
1669 Returns the result of subtracting \var{o2} from \var{o1}, or |
|
7366bb95f212
Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14526
diff
changeset
|
1670 \NULL{} on failure. The operation is done \emph{in-place} when \var{o1} |
|
7366bb95f212
Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14526
diff
changeset
|
1671 supports it. This is the equivalent of the Python expression \samp{\var{o1} |
|
7366bb95f212
Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14526
diff
changeset
|
1672 -= \var{o2}}. |
|
7366bb95f212
Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14526
diff
changeset
|
1673 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
7366bb95f212
Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14526
diff
changeset
|
1674 |
|
7366bb95f212
Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14526
diff
changeset
|
1675 |
|
7366bb95f212
Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14526
diff
changeset
|
1676 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyNumber_InPlaceMultiply}{PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2} |
|
7366bb95f212
Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14526
diff
changeset
|
1677 Returns the result of multiplying \var{o1} and \var{o2}, or \NULL{} on |
|
7366bb95f212
Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14526
diff
changeset
|
1678 failure. The operation is done \emph{in-place} when \var{o1} supports it. |
|
7366bb95f212
Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14526
diff
changeset
|
1679 This is the equivalent of the Python expression \samp{\var{o1} *= \var{o2}}. |
|
7366bb95f212
Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14526
diff
changeset
|
1680 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
7366bb95f212
Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14526
diff
changeset
|
1681 |
|
7366bb95f212
Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14526
diff
changeset
|
1682 |
|
7366bb95f212
Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14526
diff
changeset
|
1683 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyNumber_InPlaceDivide}{PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2} |
|
7366bb95f212
Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14526
diff
changeset
|
1684 Returns the result of dividing \var{o1} by \var{o2}, or \NULL{} on failure. |
|
7366bb95f212
Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14526
diff
changeset
|
1685 The operation is done \emph{in-place} when \var{o1} supports it. This is the |
|
7366bb95f212
Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14526
diff
changeset
|
1686 equivalent of the Python expression \samp{\var{o1} /= \var{o2}}. |
|
7366bb95f212
Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14526
diff
changeset
|
1687 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
7366bb95f212
Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14526
diff
changeset
|
1688 |
|
7366bb95f212
Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14526
diff
changeset
|
1689 |
|
7366bb95f212
Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14526
diff
changeset
|
1690 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyNumber_InPlaceRemainder}{PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2} |
|
7366bb95f212
Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14526
diff
changeset
|
1691 Returns the remainder of dividing \var{o1} by \var{o2}, or \NULL{} on |
|
7366bb95f212
Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14526
diff
changeset
|
1692 failure. The operation is done \emph{in-place} when \var{o1} supports it. |
|
7366bb95f212
Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14526
diff
changeset
|
1693 This is the equivalent of the Python expression \samp{\var{o1} \%= \var{o2}}. |
|
7366bb95f212
Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14526
diff
changeset
|
1694 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
7366bb95f212
Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14526
diff
changeset
|
1695 |
|
7366bb95f212
Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14526
diff
changeset
|
1696 |
|
7366bb95f212
Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14526
diff
changeset
|
1697 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyNumber_InPlacePower}{PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2, PyObject *o3} |
|
7366bb95f212
Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14526
diff
changeset
|
1698 See the built-in function \function{pow()}\bifuncindex{pow}. Returns |
|
7366bb95f212
Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14526
diff
changeset
|
1699 \NULL{} on failure. The operation is done \emph{in-place} when \var{o1} |
|
7366bb95f212
Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14526
diff
changeset
|
1700 supports it. This is the equivalent of the Python expression \samp{\var{o1} |
|
7366bb95f212
Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14526
diff
changeset
|
1701 **= \var{o2}} when o3 is \cdata{Py_None}, or an in-place variant of |
|
7366bb95f212
Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14526
diff
changeset
|
1702 \samp{pow(\var{o1}, \var{o2}, var{o3})} otherwise. If \var{o3} is to be |
|
7366bb95f212
Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14526
diff
changeset
|
1703 ignored, pass \cdata{Py_None} in its place (passing \NULL{} for \var{o3} |
|
7366bb95f212
Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14526
diff
changeset
|
1704 would cause an illegal memory access). |
|
7366bb95f212
Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14526
diff
changeset
|
1705 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
7366bb95f212
Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14526
diff
changeset
|
1706 |
|
7366bb95f212
Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14526
diff
changeset
|
1707 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyNumber_InPlaceLshift}{PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2} |
|
7366bb95f212
Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14526
diff
changeset
|
1708 Returns the result of left shifting \var{o1} by \var{o2} on success, or |
|
7366bb95f212
Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14526
diff
changeset
|
1709 \NULL{} on failure. The operation is done \emph{in-place} when \var{o1} |
|
7366bb95f212
Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14526
diff
changeset
|
1710 supports it. This is the equivalent of the Python expression \samp{\var{o1} |
|
7366bb95f212
Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14526
diff
changeset
|
1711 <<= \var{o2}}. |
|
7366bb95f212
Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14526
diff
changeset
|
1712 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
7366bb95f212
Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14526
diff
changeset
|
1713 |
|
7366bb95f212
Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14526
diff
changeset
|
1714 |
|
7366bb95f212
Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14526
diff
changeset
|
1715 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyNumber_InPlaceRshift}{PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2} |
|
7366bb95f212
Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14526
diff
changeset
|
1716 Returns the result of right shifting \var{o1} by \var{o2} on success, or |
|
7366bb95f212
Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14526
diff
changeset
|
1717 \NULL{} on failure. The operation is done \emph{in-place} when \var{o1} |
|
7366bb95f212
Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14526
diff
changeset
|
1718 supports it. This is the equivalent of the Python expression \samp{\var{o1} |
|
7366bb95f212
Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14526
diff
changeset
|
1719 >>= \var{o2}}. |
|
7366bb95f212
Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14526
diff
changeset
|
1720 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
7366bb95f212
Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14526
diff
changeset
|
1721 |
|
7366bb95f212
Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14526
diff
changeset
|
1722 |
|
7366bb95f212
Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14526
diff
changeset
|
1723 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyNumber_InPlaceAnd}{PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2} |
|
7366bb95f212
Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14526
diff
changeset
|
1724 Returns the ``bitwise and'' of \var{o2} and \var{o2} on success |
|
7366bb95f212
Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14526
diff
changeset
|
1725 and \NULL{} on failure. The operation is done \emph{in-place} when \var{o1} |
|
7366bb95f212
Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14526
diff
changeset
|
1726 supports it. This is the equivalent of the Python expression \samp{\var{o1} |
|
7366bb95f212
Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14526
diff
changeset
|
1727 \&= \var{o2}}. |
|
7366bb95f212
Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14526
diff
changeset
|
1728 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
7366bb95f212
Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14526
diff
changeset
|
1729 |
|
7366bb95f212
Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14526
diff
changeset
|
1730 |
|
7366bb95f212
Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14526
diff
changeset
|
1731 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyNumber_InPlaceXor}{PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2} |
|
7366bb95f212
Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14526
diff
changeset
|
1732 Returns the ``bitwise exclusive or'' of \var{o1} by \var{o2} on success, or |
|
7366bb95f212
Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14526
diff
changeset
|
1733 \NULL{} on failure. The operation is done \emph{in-place} when \var{o1} |
|
7366bb95f212
Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14526
diff
changeset
|
1734 supports it. This is the equivalent of the Python expression \samp{\var{o1} |
|
7366bb95f212
Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14526
diff
changeset
|
1735 \^= \var{o2}}. |
|
7366bb95f212
Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14526
diff
changeset
|
1736 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
7366bb95f212
Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14526
diff
changeset
|
1737 |
|
7366bb95f212
Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14526
diff
changeset
|
1738 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyNumber_InPlaceOr}{PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2} |
|
7366bb95f212
Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14526
diff
changeset
|
1739 Returns the ``bitwise or'' of \var{o1} and \var{o2} on success, or \NULL{} |
|
7366bb95f212
Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14526
diff
changeset
|
1740 on failure. The operation is done \emph{in-place} when \var{o1} supports |
|
7366bb95f212
Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14526
diff
changeset
|
1741 it. This is the equivalent of the Python expression \samp{\var{o1} |= |
|
7366bb95f212
Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14526
diff
changeset
|
1742 \var{o2}}. |
|
5536
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1743 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1744 |
|
14769
aa18e5239b46
PyNumber_Coerce() returns an int, not a PyObject *.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14736
diff
changeset
|
1745 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyNumber_Coerce}{PyObject **p1, PyObject **p2} |
|
5536
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1746 This function takes the addresses of two variables of type |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1747 \ctype{PyObject*}. If the objects pointed to by \code{*\var{p1}} and |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1748 \code{*\var{p2}} have the same type, increment their reference count |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1749 and return \code{0} (success). If the objects can be converted to a |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1750 common numeric type, replace \code{*p1} and \code{*p2} by their |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1751 converted value (with 'new' reference counts), and return \code{0}. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1752 If no conversion is possible, or if some other error occurs, return |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1753 \code{-1} (failure) and don't increment the reference counts. The |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1754 call \code{PyNumber_Coerce(\&o1, \&o2)} is equivalent to the Python |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1755 statement \samp{\var{o1}, \var{o2} = coerce(\var{o1}, \var{o2})}. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1756 \bifuncindex{coerce} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1757 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
5536
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1758 |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1759 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyNumber_Int}{PyObject *o} |
| 7308 | 1760 Returns the \var{o} converted to an integer object on success, or |
|
5536
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1761 \NULL{} on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1762 expression \samp{int(\var{o})}.\bifuncindex{int} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1763 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
5536
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1764 |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1765 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyNumber_Long}{PyObject *o} |
| 7308 | 1766 Returns the \var{o} converted to a long integer object on success, |
|
5536
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1767 or \NULL{} on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1768 expression \samp{long(\var{o})}.\bifuncindex{long} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1769 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
5536
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1770 |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1771 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyNumber_Float}{PyObject *o} |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1772 Returns the \var{o} converted to a float object on success, or |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1773 \NULL{} on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python expression |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1774 \samp{float(\var{o})}.\bifuncindex{float} |
|
5536
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1775 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1776 |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1777 |
| 10163 | 1778 \section{Sequence Protocol \label{sequence}} |
|
5536
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1779 |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1780 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PySequence_Check}{PyObject *o} |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1781 Return \code{1} if the object provides sequence protocol, and |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1782 \code{0} otherwise. This function always succeeds. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1783 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1784 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1785 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PySequence_Length}{PyObject *o} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1786 Returns the number of objects in sequence \var{o} on success, and |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1787 \code{-1} on failure. For objects that do not provide sequence |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1788 protocol, this is equivalent to the Python expression |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1789 \samp{len(\var{o})}.\bifuncindex{len} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1790 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
5536
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1791 |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1792 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PySequence_Concat}{PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2} |
| 7308 | 1793 Return the concatenation of \var{o1} and \var{o2} on success, and \NULL{} on |
|
5536
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1794 failure. This is the equivalent of the Python |
| 7308 | 1795 expression \samp{\var{o1} + \var{o2}}. |
|
5536
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1796 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1797 |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1798 |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1799 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PySequence_Repeat}{PyObject *o, int count} |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1800 Return the result of repeating sequence object |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1801 \var{o} \var{count} times, or \NULL{} on failure. This is the |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1802 equivalent of the Python expression \samp{\var{o} * \var{count}}. |
|
5536
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1803 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1804 |
|
14528
7366bb95f212
Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14526
diff
changeset
|
1805 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PySequence_InPlaceConcat}{PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2} |
|
7366bb95f212
Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14526
diff
changeset
|
1806 Return the concatenation of \var{o1} and \var{o2} on success, and \NULL{} on |
|
7366bb95f212
Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14526
diff
changeset
|
1807 failure. The operation is done \emph{in-place} when \var{o1} supports it. |
|
7366bb95f212
Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14526
diff
changeset
|
1808 This is the equivalent of the Python expression \samp{\var{o1} += \var{o2}}. |
|
7366bb95f212
Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14526
diff
changeset
|
1809 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
7366bb95f212
Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14526
diff
changeset
|
1810 |
|
7366bb95f212
Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14526
diff
changeset
|
1811 |
|
7366bb95f212
Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14526
diff
changeset
|
1812 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PySequence_InPlaceRepeat}{PyObject *o, int count} |
|
7366bb95f212
Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14526
diff
changeset
|
1813 Return the result of repeating sequence object \var{o} \var{count} times, or |
|
7366bb95f212
Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14526
diff
changeset
|
1814 \NULL{} on failure. The operation is done \emph{in-place} when \var{o} |
|
7366bb95f212
Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14526
diff
changeset
|
1815 supports it. This is the equivalent of the Python expression \samp{\var{o} |
|
7366bb95f212
Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14526
diff
changeset
|
1816 *= \var{count}}. |
|
7366bb95f212
Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14526
diff
changeset
|
1817 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
7366bb95f212
Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14526
diff
changeset
|
1818 |
|
5536
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1819 |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1820 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PySequence_GetItem}{PyObject *o, int i} |
| 7308 | 1821 Return the \var{i}th element of \var{o}, or \NULL{} on failure. This |
| 1822 is the equivalent of the Python expression \samp{\var{o}[\var{i}]}. | |
|
5536
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1823 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1824 |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1825 |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1826 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PySequence_GetSlice}{PyObject *o, int i1, int i2} |
| 7308 | 1827 Return the slice of sequence object \var{o} between \var{i1} and |
| 1828 \var{i2}, or \NULL{} on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python | |
| 1829 expression \samp{\var{o}[\var{i1}:\var{i2}]}. | |
|
5536
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1830 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1831 |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1832 |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1833 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PySequence_SetItem}{PyObject *o, int i, PyObject *v} |
| 7308 | 1834 Assign object \var{v} to the \var{i}th element of \var{o}. |
| 1835 Returns \code{-1} on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python | |
| 1836 statement \samp{\var{o}[\var{i}] = \var{v}}. | |
|
5536
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1837 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1838 |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1839 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PySequence_DelItem}{PyObject *o, int i} |
| 7308 | 1840 Delete the \var{i}th element of object \var{v}. Returns |
| 1841 \code{-1} on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python | |
| 1842 statement \samp{del \var{o}[\var{i}]}. | |
|
5536
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1843 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1844 |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1845 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PySequence_SetSlice}{PyObject *o, int i1, |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1846 int i2, PyObject *v} |
| 7308 | 1847 Assign the sequence object \var{v} to the slice in sequence |
| 1848 object \var{o} from \var{i1} to \var{i2}. This is the equivalent of | |
| 1849 the Python statement \samp{\var{o}[\var{i1}:\var{i2}] = \var{v}}. | |
|
5536
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1850 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1851 |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1852 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PySequence_DelSlice}{PyObject *o, int i1, int i2} |
| 7308 | 1853 Delete the slice in sequence object \var{o} from \var{i1} to \var{i2}. |
| 1854 Returns \code{-1} on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python | |
| 1855 statement \samp{del \var{o}[\var{i1}:\var{i2}]}. | |
|
5536
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1856 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1857 |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1858 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PySequence_Tuple}{PyObject *o} |
| 7308 | 1859 Returns the \var{o} as a tuple on success, and \NULL{} on failure. |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1860 This is equivalent to the Python expression \samp{tuple(\var{o})}. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1861 \bifuncindex{tuple} |
|
5536
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1862 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1863 |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1864 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PySequence_Count}{PyObject *o, PyObject *value} |
| 7308 | 1865 Return the number of occurrences of \var{value} in \var{o}, that is, |
| 1866 return the number of keys for which \code{\var{o}[\var{key}] == | |
| 1867 \var{value}}. On failure, return \code{-1}. This is equivalent to | |
| 1868 the Python expression \samp{\var{o}.count(\var{value})}. | |
|
5536
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1869 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1870 |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1871 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PySequence_Contains}{PyObject *o, PyObject *value} |
| 7308 | 1872 Determine if \var{o} contains \var{value}. If an item in \var{o} is |
| 1873 equal to \var{value}, return \code{1}, otherwise return \code{0}. On | |
| 1874 error, return \code{-1}. This is equivalent to the Python expression | |
| 1875 \samp{\var{value} in \var{o}}. | |
|
5536
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1876 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1877 |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1878 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PySequence_Index}{PyObject *o, PyObject *value} |
| 7308 | 1879 Return the first index \var{i} for which \code{\var{o}[\var{i}] == |
| 1880 \var{value}}. On error, return \code{-1}. This is equivalent to | |
| 1881 the Python expression \samp{\var{o}.index(\var{value})}. | |
|
5536
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1882 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1883 |
|
12930
6618325574cb
Documented PySequence_List() and PySequence_Tuple().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12355
diff
changeset
|
1884 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PySequence_List}{PyObject *o} |
|
6618325574cb
Documented PySequence_List() and PySequence_Tuple().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12355
diff
changeset
|
1885 Return a list object with the same contents as the arbitrary sequence |
|
6618325574cb
Documented PySequence_List() and PySequence_Tuple().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12355
diff
changeset
|
1886 \var{o}. The returned list is guaranteed to be new. |
|
6618325574cb
Documented PySequence_List() and PySequence_Tuple().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12355
diff
changeset
|
1887 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
6618325574cb
Documented PySequence_List() and PySequence_Tuple().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12355
diff
changeset
|
1888 |
|
6618325574cb
Documented PySequence_List() and PySequence_Tuple().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12355
diff
changeset
|
1889 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PySequence_Tuple}{PyObject *o} |
|
6618325574cb
Documented PySequence_List() and PySequence_Tuple().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12355
diff
changeset
|
1890 Return a tuple object with the same contents as the arbitrary sequence |
|
6618325574cb
Documented PySequence_List() and PySequence_Tuple().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12355
diff
changeset
|
1891 \var{o}. If \var{o} is a tuple, a new reference will be returned, |
|
6618325574cb
Documented PySequence_List() and PySequence_Tuple().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12355
diff
changeset
|
1892 otherwise a tuple will be constructed with the appropriate contents. |
|
6618325574cb
Documented PySequence_List() and PySequence_Tuple().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12355
diff
changeset
|
1893 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
6618325574cb
Documented PySequence_List() and PySequence_Tuple().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12355
diff
changeset
|
1894 |
|
7493
6857acbe2e74
Added \label{}s for logical addressing.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7467
diff
changeset
|
1895 |
|
14519
7435331b48ee
Added documentation for PySequence_Fast() and PySequence_Fast_GET_ITEM().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14347
diff
changeset
|
1896 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PySequence_Fast}{PyObject *o, const char *m} |
|
7435331b48ee
Added documentation for PySequence_Fast() and PySequence_Fast_GET_ITEM().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14347
diff
changeset
|
1897 Returns the sequence \var{o} as a tuple, unless it is already a |
|
7435331b48ee
Added documentation for PySequence_Fast() and PySequence_Fast_GET_ITEM().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14347
diff
changeset
|
1898 tuple or list, in which case \var{o} is returned. Use |
|
7435331b48ee
Added documentation for PySequence_Fast() and PySequence_Fast_GET_ITEM().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14347
diff
changeset
|
1899 \cfunction{PySequence_Fast_GET_ITEM()} to access the members of the |
|
7435331b48ee
Added documentation for PySequence_Fast() and PySequence_Fast_GET_ITEM().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14347
diff
changeset
|
1900 result. Returns \NULL{} on failure. If the object is not a sequence, |
|
7435331b48ee
Added documentation for PySequence_Fast() and PySequence_Fast_GET_ITEM().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14347
diff
changeset
|
1901 raises \exception{TypeError} with \var{m} as the message text. |
|
7435331b48ee
Added documentation for PySequence_Fast() and PySequence_Fast_GET_ITEM().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14347
diff
changeset
|
1902 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
7435331b48ee
Added documentation for PySequence_Fast() and PySequence_Fast_GET_ITEM().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14347
diff
changeset
|
1903 |
|
7435331b48ee
Added documentation for PySequence_Fast() and PySequence_Fast_GET_ITEM().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14347
diff
changeset
|
1904 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PySequence_Fast_GET_ITEM}{PyObject *o, int i} |
|
7435331b48ee
Added documentation for PySequence_Fast() and PySequence_Fast_GET_ITEM().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14347
diff
changeset
|
1905 Return the \var{i}th element of \var{o}, assuming that \var{o} was |
|
7435331b48ee
Added documentation for PySequence_Fast() and PySequence_Fast_GET_ITEM().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14347
diff
changeset
|
1906 returned by \cfunction{PySequence_Fast()}, and that \var{i} is within |
|
7435331b48ee
Added documentation for PySequence_Fast() and PySequence_Fast_GET_ITEM().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14347
diff
changeset
|
1907 bounds. The caller is expected to get the length of the sequence by |
|
7435331b48ee
Added documentation for PySequence_Fast() and PySequence_Fast_GET_ITEM().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14347
diff
changeset
|
1908 calling \cfunction{PyObject_Size()} on \var{o}, since lists and tuples |
|
7435331b48ee
Added documentation for PySequence_Fast() and PySequence_Fast_GET_ITEM().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14347
diff
changeset
|
1909 are guaranteed to always return their true length. |
|
7435331b48ee
Added documentation for PySequence_Fast() and PySequence_Fast_GET_ITEM().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14347
diff
changeset
|
1910 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
7435331b48ee
Added documentation for PySequence_Fast() and PySequence_Fast_GET_ITEM().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14347
diff
changeset
|
1911 |
|
7435331b48ee
Added documentation for PySequence_Fast() and PySequence_Fast_GET_ITEM().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14347
diff
changeset
|
1912 |
| 10163 | 1913 \section{Mapping Protocol \label{mapping}} |
|
5536
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1914 |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1915 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyMapping_Check}{PyObject *o} |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1916 Return \code{1} if the object provides mapping protocol, and |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1917 \code{0} otherwise. This function always succeeds. |
|
5536
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1918 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1919 |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1920 |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1921 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyMapping_Length}{PyObject *o} |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1922 Returns the number of keys in object \var{o} on success, and |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1923 \code{-1} on failure. For objects that do not provide mapping |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1924 protocol, this is equivalent to the Python expression |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1925 \samp{len(\var{o})}.\bifuncindex{len} |
|
5536
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1926 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1927 |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1928 |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1929 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyMapping_DelItemString}{PyObject *o, char *key} |
| 7308 | 1930 Remove the mapping for object \var{key} from the object \var{o}. |
| 1931 Return \code{-1} on failure. This is equivalent to | |
| 1932 the Python statement \samp{del \var{o}[\var{key}]}. | |
|
5536
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1933 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1934 |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1935 |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1936 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyMapping_DelItem}{PyObject *o, PyObject *key} |
| 7308 | 1937 Remove the mapping for object \var{key} from the object \var{o}. |
| 1938 Return \code{-1} on failure. This is equivalent to | |
| 1939 the Python statement \samp{del \var{o}[\var{key}]}. | |
|
5536
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1940 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1941 |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1942 |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1943 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyMapping_HasKeyString}{PyObject *o, char *key} |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1944 On success, return \code{1} if the mapping object has the key |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1945 \var{key} and \code{0} otherwise. This is equivalent to the Python |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1946 expression \samp{\var{o}.has_key(\var{key})}. |
|
5536
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1947 This function always succeeds. |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1948 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1949 |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1950 |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1951 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyMapping_HasKey}{PyObject *o, PyObject *key} |
| 7308 | 1952 Return \code{1} if the mapping object has the key \var{key} and |
| 1953 \code{0} otherwise. This is equivalent to the Python expression | |
| 1954 \samp{\var{o}.has_key(\var{key})}. | |
|
5536
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1955 This function always succeeds. |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1956 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1957 |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1958 |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1959 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyMapping_Keys}{PyObject *o} |
| 7308 | 1960 On success, return a list of the keys in object \var{o}. On |
|
5536
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1961 failure, return \NULL{}. This is equivalent to the Python |
| 7308 | 1962 expression \samp{\var{o}.keys()}. |
|
5536
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1963 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1964 |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1965 |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1966 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyMapping_Values}{PyObject *o} |
| 7308 | 1967 On success, return a list of the values in object \var{o}. On |
|
5536
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1968 failure, return \NULL{}. This is equivalent to the Python |
| 7308 | 1969 expression \samp{\var{o}.values()}. |
|
5536
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1970 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1971 |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1972 |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1973 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyMapping_Items}{PyObject *o} |
| 7308 | 1974 On success, return a list of the items in object \var{o}, where |
|
5536
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1975 each item is a tuple containing a key-value pair. On |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1976 failure, return \NULL{}. This is equivalent to the Python |
| 7308 | 1977 expression \samp{\var{o}.items()}. |
|
5536
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1978 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1979 |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1980 |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1981 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyMapping_GetItemString}{PyObject *o, char *key} |
| 7308 | 1982 Return element of \var{o} corresponding to the object \var{key} or |
| 1983 \NULL{} on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python expression | |
| 1984 \samp{\var{o}[\var{key}]}. | |
|
5536
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1985 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1986 |
|
9383
2b34461ba4a3
PyMapping_SetItemString() returns int, not an object.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
8881
diff
changeset
|
1987 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyMapping_SetItemString}{PyObject *o, char *key, PyObject *v} |
| 7308 | 1988 Map the object \var{key} to the value \var{v} in object \var{o}. |
| 1989 Returns \code{-1} on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python | |
| 1990 statement \samp{\var{o}[\var{key}] = \var{v}}. | |
|
5536
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1991 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1992 |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1993 |
| 10163 | 1994 \chapter{Concrete Objects Layer \label{concrete}} |
|
5536
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1995 |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1996 The functions in this chapter are specific to certain Python object |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1997 types. Passing them an object of the wrong type is not a good idea; |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1998 if you receive an object from a Python program and you are not sure |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1999 that it has the right type, you must perform a type check first; |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
2000 for example. to check that an object is a dictionary, use |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
2001 \cfunction{PyDict_Check()}. The chapter is structured like the |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
2002 ``family tree'' of Python object types. |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
2003 |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
2004 |
| 10163 | 2005 \section{Fundamental Objects \label{fundamental}} |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
2006 |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
2007 This section describes Python type objects and the singleton object |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
2008 \code{None}. |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
2009 |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
2010 |
| 10163 | 2011 \subsection{Type Objects \label{typeObjects}} |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
2012 |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
2013 \obindex{type} |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
2014 \begin{ctypedesc}{PyTypeObject} |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
2015 The C structure of the objects used to describe built-in types. |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
2016 \end{ctypedesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
2017 |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
2018 \begin{cvardesc}{PyObject*}{PyType_Type} |
| 10163 | 2019 This is the type object for type objects; it is the same object as |
| 2020 \code{types.TypeType} in the Python layer. | |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
2021 \withsubitem{(in module types)}{\ttindex{TypeType}} |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
2022 \end{cvardesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
2023 |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
2024 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyType_Check}{PyObject *o} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
2025 Returns true is the object \var{o} is a type object. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
2026 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
2027 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
2028 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyType_HasFeature}{PyObject *o, int feature} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
2029 Returns true if the type object \var{o} sets the feature |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
2030 \var{feature}. Type features are denoted by single bit flags. The |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
2031 only defined feature flag is \constant{Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GETCHARBUFFER}, |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
2032 described in section \ref{buffer-structs}. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
2033 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
2034 |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
2035 |
| 10163 | 2036 \subsection{The None Object \label{noneObject}} |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
2037 |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
2038 \obindex{None@\texttt{None}} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
2039 Note that the \ctype{PyTypeObject} for \code{None} is not directly |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
2040 exposed in the Python/C API. Since \code{None} is a singleton, |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
2041 testing for object identity (using \samp{==} in C) is sufficient. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
2042 There is no \cfunction{PyNone_Check()} function for the same reason. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
2043 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
2044 \begin{cvardesc}{PyObject*}{Py_None} |
|
8109
2e49bc89fafa
Filled in some more blanks, with the help of Drew Csillag.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
8057
diff
changeset
|
2045 The Python \code{None} object, denoting lack of value. This object has |
|
2e49bc89fafa
Filled in some more blanks, with the help of Drew Csillag.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
8057
diff
changeset
|
2046 no methods. |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
2047 \end{cvardesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
2048 |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
2049 |
| 10163 | 2050 \section{Sequence Objects \label{sequenceObjects}} |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
2051 |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
2052 \obindex{sequence} |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
2053 Generic operations on sequence objects were discussed in the previous |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
2054 chapter; this section deals with the specific kinds of sequence |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
2055 objects that are intrinsic to the Python language. |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
2056 |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
2057 |
| 10163 | 2058 \subsection{String Objects \label{stringObjects}} |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
2059 |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
2060 \obindex{string} |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
2061 \begin{ctypedesc}{PyStringObject} |
|
8120
068fea15cbcd
Convert recent additions to use new, "logical" markup.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
8109
diff
changeset
|
2062 This subtype of \ctype{PyObject} represents a Python string object. |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
2063 \end{ctypedesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
2064 |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
2065 \begin{cvardesc}{PyTypeObject}{PyString_Type} |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
2066 This instance of \ctype{PyTypeObject} represents the Python string |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
2067 type; it is the same object as \code{types.TypeType} in the Python |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
2068 layer.\withsubitem{(in module types)}{\ttindex{StringType}}. |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
2069 \end{cvardesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
2070 |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
2071 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyString_Check}{PyObject *o} |
|
8057
5aacdd097941
Some patches by Drew Csillag; plus a few of my own uncommitted changes.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
8029
diff
changeset
|
2072 Returns true if the object \var{o} is a string object. |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
2073 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
2074 |
| 7782 | 2075 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyString_FromString}{const char *v} |
|
8057
5aacdd097941
Some patches by Drew Csillag; plus a few of my own uncommitted changes.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
8029
diff
changeset
|
2076 Returns a new string object with the value \var{v} on success, and |
|
5aacdd097941
Some patches by Drew Csillag; plus a few of my own uncommitted changes.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
8029
diff
changeset
|
2077 \NULL{} on failure. |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
2078 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
2079 |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
2080 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyString_FromStringAndSize}{const char *v, |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
2081 int len} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
2082 Returns a new string object with the value \var{v} and length |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
2083 \var{len} on success, and \NULL{} on failure. If \var{v} is \NULL{}, |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
2084 the contents of the string are uninitialized. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
2085 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
2086 |
| 7782 | 2087 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyString_Size}{PyObject *string} |
|
8057
5aacdd097941
Some patches by Drew Csillag; plus a few of my own uncommitted changes.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
8029
diff
changeset
|
2088 Returns the length of the string in string object \var{string}. |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
2089 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
2090 |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
2091 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyString_GET_SIZE}{PyObject *string} |
|
15087
a13a2acbe214
Fix a couple of places where the descriptions of *_GET_SIZE() macros said
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
15038
diff
changeset
|
2092 Macro form of \cfunction{PyString_Size()} but without error |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
2093 checking. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
2094 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
2095 |
| 7782 | 2096 \begin{cfuncdesc}{char*}{PyString_AsString}{PyObject *string} |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
2097 Returns a null-terminated representation of the contents of |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
2098 \var{string}. The pointer refers to the internal buffer of |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
2099 \var{string}, not a copy. The data must not be modified in any way. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
2100 It must not be de-allocated. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
2101 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
2102 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
2103 \begin{cfuncdesc}{char*}{PyString_AS_STRING}{PyObject *string} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
2104 Macro form of \cfunction{PyString_AsString()} but without error |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
2105 checking. |
| 7782 | 2106 \end{cfuncdesc} |
| 2107 | |
|
14696
85038a024b19
This patch adds a new Python C API called PyString_AsStringAndSize()
Marc-André Lemburg <mal@egenix.com>
parents:
14635
diff
changeset
|
2108 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyString_AsStringAndSize}{PyObject *obj, |
|
85038a024b19
This patch adds a new Python C API called PyString_AsStringAndSize()
Marc-André Lemburg <mal@egenix.com>
parents:
14635
diff
changeset
|
2109 char **buffer, |
|
85038a024b19
This patch adds a new Python C API called PyString_AsStringAndSize()
Marc-André Lemburg <mal@egenix.com>
parents:
14635
diff
changeset
|
2110 int *length} |
|
85038a024b19
This patch adds a new Python C API called PyString_AsStringAndSize()
Marc-André Lemburg <mal@egenix.com>
parents:
14635
diff
changeset
|
2111 Returns a null-terminated representation of the contents of the object |
|
85038a024b19
This patch adds a new Python C API called PyString_AsStringAndSize()
Marc-André Lemburg <mal@egenix.com>
parents:
14635
diff
changeset
|
2112 \var{obj} through the output variables \var{buffer} and \var{length}. |
|
85038a024b19
This patch adds a new Python C API called PyString_AsStringAndSize()
Marc-André Lemburg <mal@egenix.com>
parents:
14635
diff
changeset
|
2113 |
|
85038a024b19
This patch adds a new Python C API called PyString_AsStringAndSize()
Marc-André Lemburg <mal@egenix.com>
parents:
14635
diff
changeset
|
2114 The function accepts both string and Unicode objects as input. For |
|
85038a024b19
This patch adds a new Python C API called PyString_AsStringAndSize()
Marc-André Lemburg <mal@egenix.com>
parents:
14635
diff
changeset
|
2115 Unicode objects it returns the default encoded version of the object. |
|
85038a024b19
This patch adds a new Python C API called PyString_AsStringAndSize()
Marc-André Lemburg <mal@egenix.com>
parents:
14635
diff
changeset
|
2116 If \var{length} is set to \NULL{}, the resulting buffer may not contain |
|
85038a024b19
This patch adds a new Python C API called PyString_AsStringAndSize()
Marc-André Lemburg <mal@egenix.com>
parents:
14635
diff
changeset
|
2117 null characters; if it does, the function returns -1 and a |
|
85038a024b19
This patch adds a new Python C API called PyString_AsStringAndSize()
Marc-André Lemburg <mal@egenix.com>
parents:
14635
diff
changeset
|
2118 TypeError is raised. |
|
85038a024b19
This patch adds a new Python C API called PyString_AsStringAndSize()
Marc-André Lemburg <mal@egenix.com>
parents:
14635
diff
changeset
|
2119 |
|
85038a024b19
This patch adds a new Python C API called PyString_AsStringAndSize()
Marc-André Lemburg <mal@egenix.com>
parents:
14635
diff
changeset
|
2120 The buffer refers to an internal string buffer of \var{obj}, not a |
|
85038a024b19
This patch adds a new Python C API called PyString_AsStringAndSize()
Marc-André Lemburg <mal@egenix.com>
parents:
14635
diff
changeset
|
2121 copy. The data must not be modified in any way. It must not be |
|
85038a024b19
This patch adds a new Python C API called PyString_AsStringAndSize()
Marc-André Lemburg <mal@egenix.com>
parents:
14635
diff
changeset
|
2122 de-allocated. |
|
85038a024b19
This patch adds a new Python C API called PyString_AsStringAndSize()
Marc-André Lemburg <mal@egenix.com>
parents:
14635
diff
changeset
|
2123 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
85038a024b19
This patch adds a new Python C API called PyString_AsStringAndSize()
Marc-André Lemburg <mal@egenix.com>
parents:
14635
diff
changeset
|
2124 |
| 7782 | 2125 \begin{cfuncdesc}{void}{PyString_Concat}{PyObject **string, |
| 2126 PyObject *newpart} | |
|
10170
7cf97658cae7
Be explicit about the reference count of the original value of the
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
10163
diff
changeset
|
2127 Creates a new string object in \var{*string} containing the |
|
12200
42f21e47b486
Improve explanation of reference counts for PyString_Concat().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12126
diff
changeset
|
2128 contents of \var{newpart} appended to \var{string}; the caller will |
|
42f21e47b486
Improve explanation of reference counts for PyString_Concat().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12126
diff
changeset
|
2129 own the new reference. The reference to the old value of \var{string} |
|
42f21e47b486
Improve explanation of reference counts for PyString_Concat().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12126
diff
changeset
|
2130 will be stolen. If the new string |
|
10170
7cf97658cae7
Be explicit about the reference count of the original value of the
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
10163
diff
changeset
|
2131 cannot be created, the old reference to \var{string} will still be |
|
7cf97658cae7
Be explicit about the reference count of the original value of the
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
10163
diff
changeset
|
2132 discarded and the value of \var{*string} will be set to |
|
7cf97658cae7
Be explicit about the reference count of the original value of the
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
10163
diff
changeset
|
2133 \NULL{}; the appropriate exception will be set. |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
2134 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
2135 |
| 7782 | 2136 \begin{cfuncdesc}{void}{PyString_ConcatAndDel}{PyObject **string, |
| 2137 PyObject *newpart} | |
|
8057
5aacdd097941
Some patches by Drew Csillag; plus a few of my own uncommitted changes.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
8029
diff
changeset
|
2138 Creates a new string object in \var{*string} containing the contents |
|
8109
2e49bc89fafa
Filled in some more blanks, with the help of Drew Csillag.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
8057
diff
changeset
|
2139 of \var{newpart} appended to \var{string}. This version decrements |
|
2e49bc89fafa
Filled in some more blanks, with the help of Drew Csillag.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
8057
diff
changeset
|
2140 the reference count of \var{newpart}. |
| 7782 | 2141 \end{cfuncdesc} |
| 2142 | |
| 2143 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{_PyString_Resize}{PyObject **string, int newsize} | |
|
8109
2e49bc89fafa
Filled in some more blanks, with the help of Drew Csillag.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
8057
diff
changeset
|
2144 A way to resize a string object even though it is ``immutable''. |
|
2e49bc89fafa
Filled in some more blanks, with the help of Drew Csillag.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
8057
diff
changeset
|
2145 Only use this to build up a brand new string object; don't use this if |
|
2e49bc89fafa
Filled in some more blanks, with the help of Drew Csillag.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
8057
diff
changeset
|
2146 the string may already be known in other parts of the code. |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
2147 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
2148 |
| 7782 | 2149 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyString_Format}{PyObject *format, |
| 2150 PyObject *args} | |
|
8109
2e49bc89fafa
Filled in some more blanks, with the help of Drew Csillag.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
8057
diff
changeset
|
2151 Returns a new string object from \var{format} and \var{args}. Analogous |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
2152 to \code{\var{format} \%\ \var{args}}. The \var{args} argument must be |
|
8109
2e49bc89fafa
Filled in some more blanks, with the help of Drew Csillag.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
8057
diff
changeset
|
2153 a tuple. |
| 7782 | 2154 \end{cfuncdesc} |
| 2155 | |
| 2156 \begin{cfuncdesc}{void}{PyString_InternInPlace}{PyObject **string} | |
|
8109
2e49bc89fafa
Filled in some more blanks, with the help of Drew Csillag.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
8057
diff
changeset
|
2157 Intern the argument \var{*string} in place. The argument must be the |
|
2e49bc89fafa
Filled in some more blanks, with the help of Drew Csillag.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
8057
diff
changeset
|
2158 address of a pointer variable pointing to a Python string object. |
|
2e49bc89fafa
Filled in some more blanks, with the help of Drew Csillag.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
8057
diff
changeset
|
2159 If there is an existing interned string that is the same as |
|
2e49bc89fafa
Filled in some more blanks, with the help of Drew Csillag.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
8057
diff
changeset
|
2160 \var{*string}, it sets \var{*string} to it (decrementing the reference |
|
2e49bc89fafa
Filled in some more blanks, with the help of Drew Csillag.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
8057
diff
changeset
|
2161 count of the old string object and incrementing the reference count of |
|
2e49bc89fafa
Filled in some more blanks, with the help of Drew Csillag.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
8057
diff
changeset
|
2162 the interned string object), otherwise it leaves \var{*string} alone |
|
2e49bc89fafa
Filled in some more blanks, with the help of Drew Csillag.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
8057
diff
changeset
|
2163 and interns it (incrementing its reference count). (Clarification: |
|
2e49bc89fafa
Filled in some more blanks, with the help of Drew Csillag.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
8057
diff
changeset
|
2164 even though there is a lot of talk about reference counts, think of |
|
8120
068fea15cbcd
Convert recent additions to use new, "logical" markup.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
8109
diff
changeset
|
2165 this function as reference-count-neutral; you own the object after |
|
068fea15cbcd
Convert recent additions to use new, "logical" markup.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
8109
diff
changeset
|
2166 the call if and only if you owned it before the call.) |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
2167 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
2168 |
| 7782 | 2169 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyString_InternFromString}{const char *v} |
|
8120
068fea15cbcd
Convert recent additions to use new, "logical" markup.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
8109
diff
changeset
|
2170 A combination of \cfunction{PyString_FromString()} and |
|
068fea15cbcd
Convert recent additions to use new, "logical" markup.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
8109
diff
changeset
|
2171 \cfunction{PyString_InternInPlace()}, returning either a new string object |
|
8109
2e49bc89fafa
Filled in some more blanks, with the help of Drew Csillag.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
8057
diff
changeset
|
2172 that has been interned, or a new (``owned'') reference to an earlier |
|
2e49bc89fafa
Filled in some more blanks, with the help of Drew Csillag.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
8057
diff
changeset
|
2173 interned string object with the same value. |
| 7782 | 2174 \end{cfuncdesc} |
| 2175 | |
|
13404
4cf21852fd52
Added docs for the new Unicode and string APIs.
Marc-André Lemburg <mal@egenix.com>
parents:
13321
diff
changeset
|
2176 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyString_Decode}{const char *s, |
|
4cf21852fd52
Added docs for the new Unicode and string APIs.
Marc-André Lemburg <mal@egenix.com>
parents:
13321
diff
changeset
|
2177 int size, |
|
4cf21852fd52
Added docs for the new Unicode and string APIs.
Marc-André Lemburg <mal@egenix.com>
parents:
13321
diff
changeset
|
2178 const char *encoding, |
|
4cf21852fd52
Added docs for the new Unicode and string APIs.
Marc-André Lemburg <mal@egenix.com>
parents:
13321
diff
changeset
|
2179 const char *errors} |
|
4cf21852fd52
Added docs for the new Unicode and string APIs.
Marc-André Lemburg <mal@egenix.com>
parents:
13321
diff
changeset
|
2180 Create a string object by decoding \var{size} bytes of the encoded |
|
4cf21852fd52
Added docs for the new Unicode and string APIs.
Marc-André Lemburg <mal@egenix.com>
parents:
13321
diff
changeset
|
2181 buffer \var{s}. \var{encoding} and \var{errors} have the same meaning |
|
4cf21852fd52
Added docs for the new Unicode and string APIs.
Marc-André Lemburg <mal@egenix.com>
parents:
13321
diff
changeset
|
2182 as the parameters of the same name in the unicode() builtin |
|
4cf21852fd52
Added docs for the new Unicode and string APIs.
Marc-André Lemburg <mal@egenix.com>
parents:
13321
diff
changeset
|
2183 function. The codec to be used is looked up using the Python codec |
|
4cf21852fd52
Added docs for the new Unicode and string APIs.
Marc-André Lemburg <mal@egenix.com>
parents:
13321
diff
changeset
|
2184 registry. Returns \NULL{} in case an exception was raised by the |
|
4cf21852fd52
Added docs for the new Unicode and string APIs.
Marc-André Lemburg <mal@egenix.com>
parents:
13321
diff
changeset
|
2185 codec. |
|
4cf21852fd52
Added docs for the new Unicode and string APIs.
Marc-André Lemburg <mal@egenix.com>
parents:
13321
diff
changeset
|
2186 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
4cf21852fd52
Added docs for the new Unicode and string APIs.
Marc-André Lemburg <mal@egenix.com>
parents:
13321
diff
changeset
|
2187 |
|
4cf21852fd52
Added docs for the new Unicode and string APIs.
Marc-André Lemburg <mal@egenix.com>
parents:
13321
diff
changeset
|
2188 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyString_Encode}{const Py_UNICODE *s, |
|
4cf21852fd52
Added docs for the new Unicode and string APIs.
Marc-André Lemburg <mal@egenix.com>
parents:
13321
diff
changeset
|
2189 int size, |
|
4cf21852fd52
Added docs for the new Unicode and string APIs.
Marc-André Lemburg <mal@egenix.com>
parents:
13321
diff
changeset
|
2190 const char *encoding, |
|
4cf21852fd52
Added docs for the new Unicode and string APIs.
Marc-André Lemburg <mal@egenix.com>
parents:
13321
diff
changeset
|
2191 const char *errors} |
|
4cf21852fd52
Added docs for the new Unicode and string APIs.
Marc-André Lemburg <mal@egenix.com>
parents:
13321
diff
changeset
|
2192 Encodes the \ctype{Py_UNICODE} buffer of the given size and returns a |
|
4cf21852fd52
Added docs for the new Unicode and string APIs.
Marc-André Lemburg <mal@egenix.com>
parents:
13321
diff
changeset
|
2193 Python string object. \var{encoding} and \var{errors} have the same |
|
4cf21852fd52
Added docs for the new Unicode and string APIs.
Marc-André Lemburg <mal@egenix.com>
parents:
13321
diff
changeset
|
2194 meaning as the parameters of the same name in the string .encode() |
|
4cf21852fd52
Added docs for the new Unicode and string APIs.
Marc-André Lemburg <mal@egenix.com>
parents:
13321
diff
changeset
|
2195 method. The codec to be used is looked up using the Python codec |
|
4cf21852fd52
Added docs for the new Unicode and string APIs.
Marc-André Lemburg <mal@egenix.com>
parents:
13321
diff
changeset
|
2196 registry. Returns \NULL{} in case an exception was raised by the |
|
4cf21852fd52
Added docs for the new Unicode and string APIs.
Marc-André Lemburg <mal@egenix.com>
parents:
13321
diff
changeset
|
2197 codec. |
|
4cf21852fd52
Added docs for the new Unicode and string APIs.
Marc-André Lemburg <mal@egenix.com>
parents:
13321
diff
changeset
|
2198 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
4cf21852fd52
Added docs for the new Unicode and string APIs.
Marc-André Lemburg <mal@egenix.com>
parents:
13321
diff
changeset
|
2199 |
|
4cf21852fd52
Added docs for the new Unicode and string APIs.
Marc-André Lemburg <mal@egenix.com>
parents:
13321
diff
changeset
|
2200 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyString_AsEncodedString}{PyObject *unicode, |
|
4cf21852fd52
Added docs for the new Unicode and string APIs.
Marc-André Lemburg <mal@egenix.com>
parents:
13321
diff
changeset
|
2201 const char *encoding, |
|
4cf21852fd52
Added docs for the new Unicode and string APIs.
Marc-André Lemburg <mal@egenix.com>
parents:
13321
diff
changeset
|
2202 const char *errors} |
|
4cf21852fd52
Added docs for the new Unicode and string APIs.
Marc-André Lemburg <mal@egenix.com>
parents:
13321
diff
changeset
|
2203 Encodes a string object and returns the result as Python string |
|
4cf21852fd52
Added docs for the new Unicode and string APIs.
Marc-André Lemburg <mal@egenix.com>
parents:
13321
diff
changeset
|
2204 object. \var{encoding} and \var{errors} have the same meaning as the |
|
4cf21852fd52
Added docs for the new Unicode and string APIs.
Marc-André Lemburg <mal@egenix.com>
parents:
13321
diff
changeset
|
2205 parameters of the same name in the string .encode() method. The codec |
|
4cf21852fd52
Added docs for the new Unicode and string APIs.
Marc-André Lemburg <mal@egenix.com>
parents:
13321
diff
changeset
|
2206 to be used is looked up using the Python codec registry. Returns |
|
4cf21852fd52
Added docs for the new Unicode and string APIs.
Marc-André Lemburg <mal@egenix.com>
parents:
13321
diff
changeset
|
2207 \NULL{} in case an exception was raised by the codec. |
|
4cf21852fd52
Added docs for the new Unicode and string APIs.
Marc-André Lemburg <mal@egenix.com>
parents:
13321
diff
changeset
|
2208 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
4cf21852fd52
Added docs for the new Unicode and string APIs.
Marc-André Lemburg <mal@egenix.com>
parents:
13321
diff
changeset
|
2209 |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
2210 |
|
12258
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2211 \subsection{Unicode Objects \label{unicodeObjects}} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2212 \sectionauthor{Marc-Andre Lemburg}{mal@lemburg.com} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2213 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2214 %--- Unicode Type ------------------------------------------------------- |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2215 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2216 These are the basic Unicode object types used for the Unicode |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2217 implementation in Python: |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2218 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2219 \begin{ctypedesc}{Py_UNICODE} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2220 This type represents a 16-bit unsigned storage type which is used by |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2221 Python internally as basis for holding Unicode ordinals. On platforms |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2222 where \ctype{wchar_t} is available and also has 16-bits, |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2223 \ctype{Py_UNICODE} is a typedef alias for \ctype{wchar_t} to enhance |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2224 native platform compatibility. On all other platforms, |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2225 \ctype{Py_UNICODE} is a typedef alias for \ctype{unsigned short}. |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2226 \end{ctypedesc} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2227 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2228 \begin{ctypedesc}{PyUnicodeObject} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2229 This subtype of \ctype{PyObject} represents a Python Unicode object. |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2230 \end{ctypedesc} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2231 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2232 \begin{cvardesc}{PyTypeObject}{PyUnicode_Type} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2233 This instance of \ctype{PyTypeObject} represents the Python Unicode type. |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2234 \end{cvardesc} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2235 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2236 %--- These are really C macros... is there a macrodesc TeX macro ? |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2237 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2238 The following APIs are really C macros and can be used to do fast |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2239 checks and to access internal read-only data of Unicode objects: |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2240 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2241 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyUnicode_Check}{PyObject *o} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2242 Returns true if the object \var{o} is a Unicode object. |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2243 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2244 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2245 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyUnicode_GET_SIZE}{PyObject *o} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2246 Returns the size of the object. o has to be a |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2247 PyUnicodeObject (not checked). |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2248 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2249 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2250 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyUnicode_GET_DATA_SIZE}{PyObject *o} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2251 Returns the size of the object's internal buffer in bytes. o has to be |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2252 a PyUnicodeObject (not checked). |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2253 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2254 |
|
12932
1fa7c119b7a5
Updates from Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@leburg.com> for the Unicode support.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12930
diff
changeset
|
2255 \begin{cfuncdesc}{Py_UNICODE*}{PyUnicode_AS_UNICODE}{PyObject *o} |
|
12258
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2256 Returns a pointer to the internal Py_UNICODE buffer of the object. o |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2257 has to be a PyUnicodeObject (not checked). |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2258 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2259 |
|
12932
1fa7c119b7a5
Updates from Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@leburg.com> for the Unicode support.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12930
diff
changeset
|
2260 \begin{cfuncdesc}{const char*}{PyUnicode_AS_DATA}{PyObject *o} |
|
12258
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2261 Returns a (const char *) pointer to the internal buffer of the object. |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2262 o has to be a PyUnicodeObject (not checked). |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2263 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2264 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2265 % --- Unicode character properties --------------------------------------- |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2266 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2267 Unicode provides many different character properties. The most often |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2268 needed ones are available through these macros which are mapped to C |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2269 functions depending on the Python configuration. |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2270 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2271 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{Py_UNICODE_ISSPACE}{Py_UNICODE ch} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2272 Returns 1/0 depending on whether \var{ch} is a whitespace character. |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2273 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2274 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2275 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{Py_UNICODE_ISLOWER}{Py_UNICODE ch} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2276 Returns 1/0 depending on whether \var{ch} is a lowercase character. |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2277 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2278 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2279 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{Py_UNICODE_ISUPPER}{Py_UNICODE ch} |
|
13321
ac24d82d8e33
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
13217
diff
changeset
|
2280 Returns 1/0 depending on whether \var{ch} is an uppercase character. |
|
12258
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2281 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2282 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2283 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{Py_UNICODE_ISTITLE}{Py_UNICODE ch} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2284 Returns 1/0 depending on whether \var{ch} is a titlecase character. |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2285 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2286 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2287 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{Py_UNICODE_ISLINEBREAK}{Py_UNICODE ch} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2288 Returns 1/0 depending on whether \var{ch} is a linebreak character. |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2289 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2290 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2291 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{Py_UNICODE_ISDECIMAL}{Py_UNICODE ch} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2292 Returns 1/0 depending on whether \var{ch} is a decimal character. |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2293 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2294 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2295 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{Py_UNICODE_ISDIGIT}{Py_UNICODE ch} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2296 Returns 1/0 depending on whether \var{ch} is a digit character. |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2297 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2298 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2299 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{Py_UNICODE_ISNUMERIC}{Py_UNICODE ch} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2300 Returns 1/0 depending on whether \var{ch} is a numeric character. |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2301 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2302 |
|
13321
ac24d82d8e33
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
13217
diff
changeset
|
2303 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{Py_UNICODE_ISALPHA}{Py_UNICODE ch} |
|
ac24d82d8e33
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
13217
diff
changeset
|
2304 Returns 1/0 depending on whether \var{ch} is an alphabetic character. |
|
ac24d82d8e33
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
13217
diff
changeset
|
2305 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
ac24d82d8e33
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
13217
diff
changeset
|
2306 |
|
ac24d82d8e33
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
13217
diff
changeset
|
2307 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{Py_UNICODE_ISALNUM}{Py_UNICODE ch} |
|
ac24d82d8e33
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
13217
diff
changeset
|
2308 Returns 1/0 depending on whether \var{ch} is an alphanumeric character. |
|
ac24d82d8e33
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
13217
diff
changeset
|
2309 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
ac24d82d8e33
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
13217
diff
changeset
|
2310 |
|
12258
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2311 These APIs can be used for fast direct character conversions: |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2312 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2313 \begin{cfuncdesc}{Py_UNICODE}{Py_UNICODE_TOLOWER}{Py_UNICODE ch} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2314 Returns the character \var{ch} converted to lower case. |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2315 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2316 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2317 \begin{cfuncdesc}{Py_UNICODE}{Py_UNICODE_TOUPPER}{Py_UNICODE ch} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2318 Returns the character \var{ch} converted to upper case. |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2319 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2320 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2321 \begin{cfuncdesc}{Py_UNICODE}{Py_UNICODE_TOTITLE}{Py_UNICODE ch} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2322 Returns the character \var{ch} converted to title case. |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2323 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2324 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2325 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{Py_UNICODE_TODECIMAL}{Py_UNICODE ch} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2326 Returns the character \var{ch} converted to a decimal positive integer. |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2327 Returns -1 in case this is not possible. Does not raise exceptions. |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2328 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2329 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2330 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{Py_UNICODE_TODIGIT}{Py_UNICODE ch} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2331 Returns the character \var{ch} converted to a single digit integer. |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2332 Returns -1 in case this is not possible. Does not raise exceptions. |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2333 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2334 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2335 \begin{cfuncdesc}{double}{Py_UNICODE_TONUMERIC}{Py_UNICODE ch} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2336 Returns the character \var{ch} converted to a (positive) double. |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2337 Returns -1.0 in case this is not possible. Does not raise exceptions. |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2338 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2339 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2340 % --- Plain Py_UNICODE --------------------------------------------------- |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2341 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2342 To create Unicode objects and access their basic sequence properties, |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2343 use these APIs: |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2344 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2345 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyUnicode_FromUnicode}{const Py_UNICODE *u, |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2346 int size} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2347 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2348 Create a Unicode Object from the Py_UNICODE buffer \var{u} of the |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2349 given size. \var{u} may be \NULL{} which causes the contents to be |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2350 undefined. It is the user's responsibility to fill in the needed data. |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2351 The buffer is copied into the new object. |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2352 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2353 |
| 12947 | 2354 \begin{cfuncdesc}{Py_UNICODE*}{PyUnicode_AsUnicode}{PyObject *unicode} |
|
12258
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2355 Return a read-only pointer to the Unicode object's internal |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2356 \ctype{Py_UNICODE} buffer. |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2357 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2358 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2359 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyUnicode_GetSize}{PyObject *unicode} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2360 Return the length of the Unicode object. |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2361 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2362 |
|
13404
4cf21852fd52
Added docs for the new Unicode and string APIs.
Marc-André Lemburg <mal@egenix.com>
parents:
13321
diff
changeset
|
2363 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyUnicode_FromEncodedObject}{PyObject *obj, |
|
4cf21852fd52
Added docs for the new Unicode and string APIs.
Marc-André Lemburg <mal@egenix.com>
parents:
13321
diff
changeset
|
2364 const char *encoding, |
|
4cf21852fd52
Added docs for the new Unicode and string APIs.
Marc-André Lemburg <mal@egenix.com>
parents:
13321
diff
changeset
|
2365 const char *errors} |
|
4cf21852fd52
Added docs for the new Unicode and string APIs.
Marc-André Lemburg <mal@egenix.com>
parents:
13321
diff
changeset
|
2366 |
|
4cf21852fd52
Added docs for the new Unicode and string APIs.
Marc-André Lemburg <mal@egenix.com>
parents:
13321
diff
changeset
|
2367 Coerce an encoded object obj to an Unicode object and return a |
|
4cf21852fd52
Added docs for the new Unicode and string APIs.
Marc-André Lemburg <mal@egenix.com>
parents:
13321
diff
changeset
|
2368 reference with incremented refcount. |
|
12258
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2369 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2370 Coercion is done in the following way: |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2371 \begin{enumerate} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2372 \item Unicode objects are passed back as-is with incremented |
|
13404
4cf21852fd52
Added docs for the new Unicode and string APIs.
Marc-André Lemburg <mal@egenix.com>
parents:
13321
diff
changeset
|
2373 refcount. Note: these cannot be decoded; passing a non-NULL |
|
4cf21852fd52
Added docs for the new Unicode and string APIs.
Marc-André Lemburg <mal@egenix.com>
parents:
13321
diff
changeset
|
2374 value for encoding will result in a TypeError. |
|
12258
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2375 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2376 \item String and other char buffer compatible objects are decoded |
|
13404
4cf21852fd52
Added docs for the new Unicode and string APIs.
Marc-André Lemburg <mal@egenix.com>
parents:
13321
diff
changeset
|
2377 according to the given encoding and using the error handling |
|
4cf21852fd52
Added docs for the new Unicode and string APIs.
Marc-André Lemburg <mal@egenix.com>
parents:
13321
diff
changeset
|
2378 defined by errors. Both can be NULL to have the interface use |
|
4cf21852fd52
Added docs for the new Unicode and string APIs.
Marc-André Lemburg <mal@egenix.com>
parents:
13321
diff
changeset
|
2379 the default values (see the next section for details). |
|
4cf21852fd52
Added docs for the new Unicode and string APIs.
Marc-André Lemburg <mal@egenix.com>
parents:
13321
diff
changeset
|
2380 |
|
4cf21852fd52
Added docs for the new Unicode and string APIs.
Marc-André Lemburg <mal@egenix.com>
parents:
13321
diff
changeset
|
2381 \item All other objects cause an exception. |
|
12258
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2382 \end{enumerate} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2383 The API returns NULL in case of an error. The caller is responsible |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2384 for decref'ing the returned objects. |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2385 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2386 |
|
13404
4cf21852fd52
Added docs for the new Unicode and string APIs.
Marc-André Lemburg <mal@egenix.com>
parents:
13321
diff
changeset
|
2387 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyUnicode_FromObject}{PyObject *obj} |
|
4cf21852fd52
Added docs for the new Unicode and string APIs.
Marc-André Lemburg <mal@egenix.com>
parents:
13321
diff
changeset
|
2388 |
|
4cf21852fd52
Added docs for the new Unicode and string APIs.
Marc-André Lemburg <mal@egenix.com>
parents:
13321
diff
changeset
|
2389 Shortcut for PyUnicode_FromEncodedObject(obj, NULL, ``strict'') |
|
4cf21852fd52
Added docs for the new Unicode and string APIs.
Marc-André Lemburg <mal@egenix.com>
parents:
13321
diff
changeset
|
2390 which is used throughout the interpreter whenever coercion to |
|
4cf21852fd52
Added docs for the new Unicode and string APIs.
Marc-André Lemburg <mal@egenix.com>
parents:
13321
diff
changeset
|
2391 Unicode is needed. |
|
4cf21852fd52
Added docs for the new Unicode and string APIs.
Marc-André Lemburg <mal@egenix.com>
parents:
13321
diff
changeset
|
2392 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
4cf21852fd52
Added docs for the new Unicode and string APIs.
Marc-André Lemburg <mal@egenix.com>
parents:
13321
diff
changeset
|
2393 |
|
12258
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2394 % --- wchar_t support for platforms which support it --------------------- |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2395 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2396 If the platform supports \ctype{wchar_t} and provides a header file |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2397 wchar.h, Python can interface directly to this type using the |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2398 following functions. Support is optimized if Python's own |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2399 \ctype{Py_UNICODE} type is identical to the system's \ctype{wchar_t}. |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2400 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2401 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyUnicode_FromWideChar}{const wchar_t *w, |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2402 int size} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2403 Create a Unicode Object from the \ctype{whcar_t} buffer \var{w} of the |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2404 given size. Returns \NULL{} on failure. |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2405 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2406 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2407 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyUnicode_AsWideChar}{PyUnicodeObject *unicode, |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2408 wchar_t *w, |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2409 int size} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2410 Copies the Unicode Object contents into the \ctype{whcar_t} buffer |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2411 \var{w}. At most \var{size} \ctype{whcar_t} characters are copied. |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2412 Returns the number of \ctype{whcar_t} characters copied or -1 in case |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2413 of an error. |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2414 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2415 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2416 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2417 \subsubsection{Builtin Codecs \label{builtinCodecs}} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2418 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2419 Python provides a set of builtin codecs which are written in C |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2420 for speed. All of these codecs are directly usable via the |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2421 following functions. |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2422 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2423 Many of the following APIs take two arguments encoding and |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2424 errors. These parameters encoding and errors have the same semantics |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2425 as the ones of the builtin unicode() Unicode object constructor. |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2426 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2427 Setting encoding to NULL causes the default encoding to be used which |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2428 is UTF-8. |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2429 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2430 Error handling is set by errors which may also be set to NULL meaning |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2431 to use the default handling defined for the codec. Default error |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2432 handling for all builtin codecs is ``strict'' (ValueErrors are raised). |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2433 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2434 The codecs all use a similar interface. Only deviation from the |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2435 following generic ones are documented for simplicity. |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2436 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2437 % --- Generic Codecs ----------------------------------------------------- |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2438 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2439 These are the generic codec APIs: |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2440 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2441 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyUnicode_Decode}{const char *s, |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2442 int size, |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2443 const char *encoding, |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2444 const char *errors} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2445 Create a Unicode object by decoding \var{size} bytes of the encoded |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2446 string \var{s}. \var{encoding} and \var{errors} have the same meaning |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2447 as the parameters of the same name in the unicode() builtin |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2448 function. The codec to be used is looked up using the Python codec |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2449 registry. Returns \NULL{} in case an exception was raised by the |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2450 codec. |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2451 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2452 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2453 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyUnicode_Encode}{const Py_UNICODE *s, |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2454 int size, |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2455 const char *encoding, |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2456 const char *errors} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2457 Encodes the \ctype{Py_UNICODE} buffer of the given size and returns a |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2458 Python string object. \var{encoding} and \var{errors} have the same |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2459 meaning as the parameters of the same name in the Unicode .encode() |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2460 method. The codec to be used is looked up using the Python codec |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2461 registry. Returns \NULL{} in case an exception was raised by the |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2462 codec. |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2463 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2464 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2465 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyUnicode_AsEncodedString}{PyObject *unicode, |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2466 const char *encoding, |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2467 const char *errors} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2468 Encodes a Unicode object and returns the result as Python string |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2469 object. \var{encoding} and \var{errors} have the same meaning as the |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2470 parameters of the same name in the Unicode .encode() method. The codec |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2471 to be used is looked up using the Python codec registry. Returns |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2472 \NULL{} in case an exception was raised by the codec. |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2473 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2474 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2475 % --- UTF-8 Codecs ------------------------------------------------------- |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2476 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2477 These are the UTF-8 codec APIs: |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2478 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2479 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyUnicode_DecodeUTF8}{const char *s, |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2480 int size, |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2481 const char *errors} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2482 Creates a Unicode object by decoding \var{size} bytes of the UTF-8 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2483 encoded string \var{s}. Returns \NULL{} in case an exception was |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2484 raised by the codec. |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2485 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2486 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2487 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyUnicode_EncodeUTF8}{const Py_UNICODE *s, |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2488 int size, |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2489 const char *errors} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2490 Encodes the \ctype{Py_UNICODE} buffer of the given size using UTF-8 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2491 and returns a Python string object. Returns \NULL{} in case an |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2492 exception was raised by the codec. |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2493 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2494 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2495 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyUnicode_AsUTF8String}{PyObject *unicode} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2496 Encodes a Unicode objects using UTF-8 and returns the result as Python |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2497 string object. Error handling is ``strict''. Returns |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2498 \NULL{} in case an exception was raised by the codec. |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2499 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2500 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2501 % --- UTF-16 Codecs ------------------------------------------------------ */ |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2502 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2503 These are the UTF-16 codec APIs: |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2504 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2505 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyUnicode_DecodeUTF16}{const char *s, |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2506 int size, |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2507 const char *errors, |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2508 int *byteorder} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2509 Decodes \var{length} bytes from a UTF-16 encoded buffer string and |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2510 returns the corresponding Unicode object. |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2511 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2512 \var{errors} (if non-NULL) defines the error handling. It defaults |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2513 to ``strict''. |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2514 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2515 If \var{byteorder} is non-\NULL{}, the decoder starts decoding using |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2516 the given byte order: |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2517 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2518 \begin{verbatim} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2519 *byteorder == -1: little endian |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2520 *byteorder == 0: native order |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2521 *byteorder == 1: big endian |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2522 \end{verbatim} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2523 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2524 and then switches according to all byte order marks (BOM) it finds in |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2525 the input data. BOM marks are not copied into the resulting Unicode |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2526 string. After completion, \var{*byteorder} is set to the current byte |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2527 order at the end of input data. |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2528 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2529 If \var{byteorder} is \NULL{}, the codec starts in native order mode. |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2530 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2531 Returns \NULL{} in case an exception was raised by the codec. |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2532 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2533 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2534 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyUnicode_EncodeUTF16}{const Py_UNICODE *s, |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2535 int size, |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2536 const char *errors, |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2537 int byteorder} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2538 Returns a Python string object holding the UTF-16 encoded value of the |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2539 Unicode data in \var{s}. |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2540 |
|
12930
6618325574cb
Documented PySequence_List() and PySequence_Tuple().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12355
diff
changeset
|
2541 If \var{byteorder} is not \code{0}, output is written according to the |
|
12258
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2542 following byte order: |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2543 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2544 \begin{verbatim} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2545 byteorder == -1: little endian |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2546 byteorder == 0: native byte order (writes a BOM mark) |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2547 byteorder == 1: big endian |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2548 \end{verbatim} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2549 |
|
12930
6618325574cb
Documented PySequence_List() and PySequence_Tuple().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12355
diff
changeset
|
2550 If byteorder is \code{0}, the output string will always start with the |
|
12258
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2551 Unicode BOM mark (U+FEFF). In the other two modes, no BOM mark is |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2552 prepended. |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2553 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2554 Note that \ctype{Py_UNICODE} data is being interpreted as UTF-16 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2555 reduced to UCS-2. This trick makes it possible to add full UTF-16 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2556 capabilities at a later point without comprimising the APIs. |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2557 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2558 Returns \NULL{} in case an exception was raised by the codec. |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2559 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2560 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2561 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyUnicode_AsUTF16String}{PyObject *unicode} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2562 Returns a Python string using the UTF-16 encoding in native byte |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2563 order. The string always starts with a BOM mark. Error handling is |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2564 ``strict''. Returns \NULL{} in case an exception was raised by the |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2565 codec. |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2566 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2567 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2568 % --- Unicode-Escape Codecs ---------------------------------------------- |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2569 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2570 These are the ``Unicode Esacpe'' codec APIs: |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2571 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2572 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyUnicode_DecodeUnicodeEscape}{const char *s, |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2573 int size, |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2574 const char *errors} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2575 Creates a Unicode object by decoding \var{size} bytes of the Unicode-Esacpe |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2576 encoded string \var{s}. Returns \NULL{} in case an exception was |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2577 raised by the codec. |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2578 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2579 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2580 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyUnicode_EncodeUnicodeEscape}{const Py_UNICODE *s, |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2581 int size, |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2582 const char *errors} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2583 Encodes the \ctype{Py_UNICODE} buffer of the given size using Unicode-Escape |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2584 and returns a Python string object. Returns \NULL{} in case an |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2585 exception was raised by the codec. |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2586 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2587 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2588 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyUnicode_AsUnicodeEscapeString}{PyObject *unicode} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2589 Encodes a Unicode objects using Unicode-Escape and returns the result |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2590 as Python string object. Error handling is ``strict''. Returns |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2591 \NULL{} in case an exception was raised by the codec. |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2592 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2593 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2594 % --- Raw-Unicode-Escape Codecs ------------------------------------------ |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2595 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2596 These are the ``Raw Unicode Esacpe'' codec APIs: |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2597 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2598 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyUnicode_DecodeRawUnicodeEscape}{const char *s, |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2599 int size, |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2600 const char *errors} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2601 Creates a Unicode object by decoding \var{size} bytes of the Raw-Unicode-Esacpe |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2602 encoded string \var{s}. Returns \NULL{} in case an exception was |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2603 raised by the codec. |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2604 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2605 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2606 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyUnicode_EncodeRawUnicodeEscape}{const Py_UNICODE *s, |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2607 int size, |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2608 const char *errors} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2609 Encodes the \ctype{Py_UNICODE} buffer of the given size using Raw-Unicode-Escape |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2610 and returns a Python string object. Returns \NULL{} in case an |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2611 exception was raised by the codec. |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2612 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2613 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2614 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyUnicode_AsRawUnicodeEscapeString}{PyObject *unicode} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2615 Encodes a Unicode objects using Raw-Unicode-Escape and returns the result |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2616 as Python string object. Error handling is ``strict''. Returns |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2617 \NULL{} in case an exception was raised by the codec. |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2618 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2619 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2620 % --- Latin-1 Codecs ----------------------------------------------------- |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2621 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2622 These are the Latin-1 codec APIs: |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2623 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2624 Latin-1 corresponds to the first 256 Unicode ordinals and only these |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2625 are accepted by the codecs during encoding. |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2626 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2627 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyUnicode_DecodeLatin1}{const char *s, |
| 12947 | 2628 int size, |
| 2629 const char *errors} | |
|
12258
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2630 Creates a Unicode object by decoding \var{size} bytes of the Latin-1 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2631 encoded string \var{s}. Returns \NULL{} in case an exception was |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2632 raised by the codec. |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2633 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2634 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2635 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyUnicode_EncodeLatin1}{const Py_UNICODE *s, |
| 12947 | 2636 int size, |
| 2637 const char *errors} | |
|
12258
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2638 Encodes the \ctype{Py_UNICODE} buffer of the given size using Latin-1 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2639 and returns a Python string object. Returns \NULL{} in case an |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2640 exception was raised by the codec. |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2641 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2642 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2643 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyUnicode_AsLatin1String}{PyObject *unicode} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2644 Encodes a Unicode objects using Latin-1 and returns the result as |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2645 Python string object. Error handling is ``strict''. Returns |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2646 \NULL{} in case an exception was raised by the codec. |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2647 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2648 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2649 % --- ASCII Codecs ------------------------------------------------------- |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2650 |
| 12947 | 2651 These are the \ASCII{} codec APIs. Only 7-bit \ASCII{} data is |
| 2652 accepted. All other codes generate errors. | |
|
12258
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2653 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2654 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyUnicode_DecodeASCII}{const char *s, |
| 12947 | 2655 int size, |
| 2656 const char *errors} | |
| 2657 Creates a Unicode object by decoding \var{size} bytes of the | |
| 2658 \ASCII{} encoded string \var{s}. Returns \NULL{} in case an exception | |
| 2659 was raised by the codec. | |
|
12258
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2660 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2661 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2662 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyUnicode_EncodeASCII}{const Py_UNICODE *s, |
| 12947 | 2663 int size, |
| 2664 const char *errors} | |
| 2665 Encodes the \ctype{Py_UNICODE} buffer of the given size using | |
| 2666 \ASCII{} and returns a Python string object. Returns \NULL{} in case | |
| 2667 an exception was raised by the codec. | |
|
12258
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2668 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2669 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2670 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyUnicode_AsASCIIString}{PyObject *unicode} |
| 12947 | 2671 Encodes a Unicode objects using \ASCII{} and returns the result as Python |
|
12258
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2672 string object. Error handling is ``strict''. Returns |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2673 \NULL{} in case an exception was raised by the codec. |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2674 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2675 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2676 % --- Character Map Codecs ----------------------------------------------- |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2677 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2678 These are the mapping codec APIs: |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2679 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2680 This codec is special in that it can be used to implement many |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2681 different codecs (and this is in fact what was done to obtain most of |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2682 the standard codecs included in the \module{encodings} package). The |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2683 codec uses mapping to encode and decode characters. |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2684 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2685 Decoding mappings must map single string characters to single Unicode |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2686 characters, integers (which are then interpreted as Unicode ordinals) |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2687 or None (meaning "undefined mapping" and causing an error). |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2688 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2689 Encoding mappings must map single Unicode characters to single string |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2690 characters, integers (which are then interpreted as Latin-1 ordinals) |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2691 or None (meaning "undefined mapping" and causing an error). |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2692 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2693 The mapping objects provided must only support the __getitem__ mapping |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2694 interface. |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2695 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2696 If a character lookup fails with a LookupError, the character is |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2697 copied as-is meaning that its ordinal value will be interpreted as |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2698 Unicode or Latin-1 ordinal resp. Because of this, mappings only need |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2699 to contain those mappings which map characters to different code |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2700 points. |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2701 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2702 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyUnicode_DecodeCharmap}{const char *s, |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2703 int size, |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2704 PyObject *mapping, |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2705 const char *errors} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2706 Creates a Unicode object by decoding \var{size} bytes of the encoded |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2707 string \var{s} using the given \var{mapping} object. Returns \NULL{} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2708 in case an exception was raised by the codec. |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2709 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2710 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2711 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyUnicode_EncodeCharmap}{const Py_UNICODE *s, |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2712 int size, |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2713 PyObject *mapping, |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2714 const char *errors} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2715 Encodes the \ctype{Py_UNICODE} buffer of the given size using the |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2716 given \var{mapping} object and returns a Python string object. |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2717 Returns \NULL{} in case an exception was raised by the codec. |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2718 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2719 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2720 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyUnicode_AsCharmapString}{PyObject *unicode, |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2721 PyObject *mapping} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2722 Encodes a Unicode objects using the given \var{mapping} object and |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2723 returns the result as Python string object. Error handling is |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2724 ``strict''. Returns \NULL{} in case an exception was raised by the |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2725 codec. |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2726 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2727 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2728 The following codec API is special in that maps Unicode to Unicode. |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2729 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2730 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyUnicode_TranslateCharmap}{const Py_UNICODE *s, |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2731 int size, |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2732 PyObject *table, |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2733 const char *errors} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2734 Translates a \ctype{Py_UNICODE} buffer of the given length by applying |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2735 a character mapping \var{table} to it and returns the resulting |
| 12947 | 2736 Unicode object. Returns \NULL{} when an exception was raised by the |
| 2737 codec. | |
|
12258
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2738 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2739 The \var{mapping} table must map Unicode ordinal integers to Unicode |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2740 ordinal integers or None (causing deletion of the character). |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2741 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2742 Mapping tables must only provide the __getitem__ interface, |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2743 e.g. dictionaries or sequences. Unmapped character ordinals (ones |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2744 which cause a LookupError) are left untouched and are copied as-is. |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2745 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2746 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2747 % --- MBCS codecs for Windows -------------------------------------------- |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2748 |
| 12947 | 2749 These are the MBCS codec APIs. They are currently only available on |
|
12258
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2750 Windows and use the Win32 MBCS converters to implement the |
| 12947 | 2751 conversions. Note that MBCS (or DBCS) is a class of encodings, not |
| 2752 just one. The target encoding is defined by the user settings on the | |
| 2753 machine running the codec. | |
|
12258
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2754 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2755 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyUnicode_DecodeMBCS}{const char *s, |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2756 int size, |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2757 const char *errors} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2758 Creates a Unicode object by decoding \var{size} bytes of the MBCS |
| 12947 | 2759 encoded string \var{s}. Returns \NULL{} in case an exception was |
|
12258
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2760 raised by the codec. |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2761 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2762 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2763 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyUnicode_EncodeMBCS}{const Py_UNICODE *s, |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2764 int size, |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2765 const char *errors} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2766 Encodes the \ctype{Py_UNICODE} buffer of the given size using MBCS |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2767 and returns a Python string object. Returns \NULL{} in case an |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2768 exception was raised by the codec. |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2769 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2770 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2771 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyUnicode_AsMBCSString}{PyObject *unicode} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2772 Encodes a Unicode objects using MBCS and returns the result as Python |
| 12947 | 2773 string object. Error handling is ``strict''. Returns \NULL{} in case |
| 2774 an exception was raised by the codec. | |
|
12258
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2775 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2776 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2777 % --- Methods & Slots ---------------------------------------------------- |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2778 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2779 \subsubsection{Methods and Slot Functions \label{unicodeMethodsAndSlots}} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2780 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2781 The following APIs are capable of handling Unicode objects and strings |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2782 on input (we refer to them as strings in the descriptions) and return |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2783 Unicode objects or integers as apporpriate. |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2784 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2785 They all return \NULL{} or -1 in case an exception occurrs. |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2786 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2787 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyUnicode_Concat}{PyObject *left, |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2788 PyObject *right} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2789 Concat two strings giving a new Unicode string. |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2790 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2791 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2792 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyUnicode_Split}{PyObject *s, |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2793 PyObject *sep, |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2794 int maxsplit} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2795 Split a string giving a list of Unicode strings. |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2796 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2797 If sep is NULL, splitting will be done at all whitespace |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2798 substrings. Otherwise, splits occur at the given separator. |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2799 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2800 At most maxsplit splits will be done. If negative, no limit is set. |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2801 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2802 Separators are not included in the resulting list. |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2803 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2804 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2805 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyUnicode_Splitlines}{PyObject *s, |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2806 int maxsplit} |
| 12947 | 2807 Split a Unicode string at line breaks, returning a list of Unicode |
| 2808 strings. CRLF is considered to be one line break. The Line break | |
| 2809 characters are not included in the resulting strings. | |
|
12258
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2810 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2811 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2812 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyUnicode_Translate}{PyObject *str, |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2813 PyObject *table, |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2814 const char *errors} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2815 Translate a string by applying a character mapping table to it and |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2816 return the resulting Unicode object. |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2817 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2818 The mapping table must map Unicode ordinal integers to Unicode ordinal |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2819 integers or None (causing deletion of the character). |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2820 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2821 Mapping tables must only provide the __getitem__ interface, |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2822 e.g. dictionaries or sequences. Unmapped character ordinals (ones |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2823 which cause a LookupError) are left untouched and are copied as-is. |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2824 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2825 \var{errors} has the usual meaning for codecs. It may be \NULL{} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2826 which indicates to use the default error handling. |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2827 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2828 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2829 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyUnicode_Join}{PyObject *separator, |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2830 PyObject *seq} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2831 Join a sequence of strings using the given separator and return |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2832 the resulting Unicode string. |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2833 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2834 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2835 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyUnicode_Tailmatch}{PyObject *str, |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2836 PyObject *substr, |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2837 int start, |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2838 int end, |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2839 int direction} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2840 Return 1 if \var{substr} matches \var{str}[\var{start}:\var{end}] at |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2841 the given tail end (\var{direction} == -1 means to do a prefix match, |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2842 \var{direction} == 1 a suffix match), 0 otherwise. |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2843 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2844 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2845 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyUnicode_Find}{PyObject *str, |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2846 PyObject *substr, |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2847 int start, |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2848 int end, |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2849 int direction} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2850 Return the first position of \var{substr} in |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2851 \var{str}[\var{start}:\var{end}] using the given \var{direction} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2852 (\var{direction} == 1 means to do a forward search, |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2853 \var{direction} == -1 a backward search), 0 otherwise. |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2854 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2855 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2856 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyUnicode_Count}{PyObject *str, |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2857 PyObject *substr, |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2858 int start, |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2859 int end} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2860 Count the number of occurrences of \var{substr} in |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2861 \var{str}[\var{start}:\var{end}] |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2862 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2863 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2864 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyUnicode_Replace}{PyObject *str, |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2865 PyObject *substr, |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2866 PyObject *replstr, |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2867 int maxcount} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2868 Replace at most \var{maxcount} occurrences of \var{substr} in |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2869 \var{str} with \var{replstr} and return the resulting Unicode object. |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2870 \var{maxcount} == -1 means: replace all occurrences. |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2871 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2872 |
| 12947 | 2873 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyUnicode_Compare}{PyObject *left, PyObject *right} |
|
12258
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2874 Compare two strings and return -1, 0, 1 for less than, equal, |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2875 greater than resp. |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2876 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2877 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2878 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyUnicode_Format}{PyObject *format, |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2879 PyObject *args} |
| 12947 | 2880 Returns a new string object from \var{format} and \var{args}; this is |
| 2881 analogous to \code{\var{format} \%\ \var{args}}. The | |
| 2882 \var{args} argument must be a tuple. | |
|
12258
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2883 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2884 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2885 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyUnicode_Contains}{PyObject *container, |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2886 PyObject *element} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2887 Checks whether \var{element} is contained in \var{container} and |
| 12947 | 2888 returns true or false accordingly. |
| 2889 | |
| 2890 \var{element} has to coerce to a one element Unicode string. \code{-1} is | |
|
12258
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2891 returned in case of an error. |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2892 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2893 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2894 |
|
11176
64b15e9091a9
Started documentation on buffer objects & types. Very preliminary.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
11168
diff
changeset
|
2895 \subsection{Buffer Objects \label{bufferObjects}} |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
2896 \sectionauthor{Greg Stein}{gstein@lyra.org} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
2897 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
2898 \obindex{buffer} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
2899 Python objects implemented in C can export a group of functions called |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
2900 the ``buffer\index{buffer interface} interface.'' These functions can |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
2901 be used by an object to expose its data in a raw, byte-oriented |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
2902 format. Clients of the object can use the buffer interface to access |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
2903 the object data directly, without needing to copy it first. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
2904 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
2905 Two examples of objects that support |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
2906 the buffer interface are strings and arrays. The string object exposes |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
2907 the character contents in the buffer interface's byte-oriented |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
2908 form. An array can also expose its contents, but it should be noted |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
2909 that array elements may be multi-byte values. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
2910 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
2911 An example user of the buffer interface is the file object's |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
2912 \method{write()} method. Any object that can export a series of bytes |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
2913 through the buffer interface can be written to a file. There are a |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
2914 number of format codes to \cfunction{PyArgs_ParseTuple()} that operate |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
2915 against an object's buffer interface, returning data from the target |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
2916 object. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
2917 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
2918 More information on the buffer interface is provided in the section |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
2919 ``Buffer Object Structures'' (section \ref{buffer-structs}), under |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
2920 the description for \ctype{PyBufferProcs}\ttindex{PyBufferProcs}. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
2921 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
2922 A ``buffer object'' is defined in the \file{bufferobject.h} header |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
2923 (included by \file{Python.h}). These objects look very similar to |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
2924 string objects at the Python programming level: they support slicing, |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
2925 indexing, concatenation, and some other standard string |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
2926 operations. However, their data can come from one of two sources: from |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
2927 a block of memory, or from another object which exports the buffer |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
2928 interface. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
2929 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
2930 Buffer objects are useful as a way to expose the data from another |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
2931 object's buffer interface to the Python programmer. They can also be |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
2932 used as a zero-copy slicing mechanism. Using their ability to |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
2933 reference a block of memory, it is possible to expose any data to the |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
2934 Python programmer quite easily. The memory could be a large, constant |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
2935 array in a C extension, it could be a raw block of memory for |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
2936 manipulation before passing to an operating system library, or it |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
2937 could be used to pass around structured data in its native, in-memory |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
2938 format. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
2939 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
2940 \begin{ctypedesc}{PyBufferObject} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
2941 This subtype of \ctype{PyObject} represents a buffer object. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
2942 \end{ctypedesc} |
|
11176
64b15e9091a9
Started documentation on buffer objects & types. Very preliminary.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
11168
diff
changeset
|
2943 |
|
64b15e9091a9
Started documentation on buffer objects & types. Very preliminary.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
11168
diff
changeset
|
2944 \begin{cvardesc}{PyTypeObject}{PyBuffer_Type} |
|
64b15e9091a9
Started documentation on buffer objects & types. Very preliminary.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
11168
diff
changeset
|
2945 The instance of \ctype{PyTypeObject} which represents the Python |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
2946 buffer type; it is the same object as \code{types.BufferType} in the |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
2947 Python layer.\withsubitem{(in module types)}{\ttindex{BufferType}}. |
|
11176
64b15e9091a9
Started documentation on buffer objects & types. Very preliminary.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
11168
diff
changeset
|
2948 \end{cvardesc} |
|
64b15e9091a9
Started documentation on buffer objects & types. Very preliminary.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
11168
diff
changeset
|
2949 |
|
64b15e9091a9
Started documentation on buffer objects & types. Very preliminary.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
11168
diff
changeset
|
2950 \begin{cvardesc}{int}{Py_END_OF_BUFFER} |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
2951 This constant may be passed as the \var{size} parameter to |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
2952 \cfunction{PyBuffer_FromObject()} or |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
2953 \cfunction{PyBuffer_FromReadWriteObject()}. It indicates that the new |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
2954 \ctype{PyBufferObject} should refer to \var{base} object from the |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
2955 specified \var{offset} to the end of its exported buffer. Using this |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
2956 enables the caller to avoid querying the \var{base} object for its |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
2957 length. |
|
11176
64b15e9091a9
Started documentation on buffer objects & types. Very preliminary.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
11168
diff
changeset
|
2958 \end{cvardesc} |
|
64b15e9091a9
Started documentation on buffer objects & types. Very preliminary.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
11168
diff
changeset
|
2959 |
|
64b15e9091a9
Started documentation on buffer objects & types. Very preliminary.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
11168
diff
changeset
|
2960 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyBuffer_Check}{PyObject *p} |
|
64b15e9091a9
Started documentation on buffer objects & types. Very preliminary.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
11168
diff
changeset
|
2961 Return true if the argument has type \cdata{PyBuffer_Type}. |
|
64b15e9091a9
Started documentation on buffer objects & types. Very preliminary.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
11168
diff
changeset
|
2962 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
64b15e9091a9
Started documentation on buffer objects & types. Very preliminary.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
11168
diff
changeset
|
2963 |
|
64b15e9091a9
Started documentation on buffer objects & types. Very preliminary.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
11168
diff
changeset
|
2964 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyBuffer_FromObject}{PyObject *base, |
|
64b15e9091a9
Started documentation on buffer objects & types. Very preliminary.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
11168
diff
changeset
|
2965 int offset, int size} |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
2966 Return a new read-only buffer object. This raises |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
2967 \exception{TypeError} if \var{base} doesn't support the read-only |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
2968 buffer protocol or doesn't provide exactly one buffer segment, or it |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
2969 raises \exception{ValueError} if \var{offset} is less than zero. The |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
2970 buffer will hold a reference to the \var{base} object, and the |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
2971 buffer's contents will refer to the \var{base} object's buffer |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
2972 interface, starting as position \var{offset} and extending for |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
2973 \var{size} bytes. If \var{size} is \constant{Py_END_OF_BUFFER}, then |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
2974 the new buffer's contents extend to the length of the |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
2975 \var{base} object's exported buffer data. |
|
11176
64b15e9091a9
Started documentation on buffer objects & types. Very preliminary.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
11168
diff
changeset
|
2976 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
64b15e9091a9
Started documentation on buffer objects & types. Very preliminary.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
11168
diff
changeset
|
2977 |
|
64b15e9091a9
Started documentation on buffer objects & types. Very preliminary.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
11168
diff
changeset
|
2978 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyBuffer_FromReadWriteObject}{PyObject *base, |
|
64b15e9091a9
Started documentation on buffer objects & types. Very preliminary.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
11168
diff
changeset
|
2979 int offset, |
|
64b15e9091a9
Started documentation on buffer objects & types. Very preliminary.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
11168
diff
changeset
|
2980 int size} |
|
64b15e9091a9
Started documentation on buffer objects & types. Very preliminary.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
11168
diff
changeset
|
2981 Return a new writable buffer object. Parameters and exceptions are |
|
64b15e9091a9
Started documentation on buffer objects & types. Very preliminary.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
11168
diff
changeset
|
2982 similar to those for \cfunction{PyBuffer_FromObject()}. |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
2983 If the \var{base} object does not export the writeable buffer |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
2984 protocol, then \exception{TypeError} is raised. |
|
11176
64b15e9091a9
Started documentation on buffer objects & types. Very preliminary.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
11168
diff
changeset
|
2985 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
64b15e9091a9
Started documentation on buffer objects & types. Very preliminary.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
11168
diff
changeset
|
2986 |
|
64b15e9091a9
Started documentation on buffer objects & types. Very preliminary.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
11168
diff
changeset
|
2987 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyBuffer_FromMemory}{void *ptr, int size} |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
2988 Return a new read-only buffer object that reads from a specified |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
2989 location in memory, with a specified size. |
|
11176
64b15e9091a9
Started documentation on buffer objects & types. Very preliminary.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
11168
diff
changeset
|
2990 The caller is responsible for ensuring that the memory buffer, passed |
|
64b15e9091a9
Started documentation on buffer objects & types. Very preliminary.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
11168
diff
changeset
|
2991 in as \var{ptr}, is not deallocated while the returned buffer object |
|
64b15e9091a9
Started documentation on buffer objects & types. Very preliminary.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
11168
diff
changeset
|
2992 exists. Raises \exception{ValueError} if \var{size} is less than |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
2993 zero. Note that \constant{Py_END_OF_BUFFER} may \emph{not} be passed |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
2994 for the \var{size} parameter; \exception{ValueError} will be raised in |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
2995 that case. |
|
11176
64b15e9091a9
Started documentation on buffer objects & types. Very preliminary.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
11168
diff
changeset
|
2996 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
64b15e9091a9
Started documentation on buffer objects & types. Very preliminary.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
11168
diff
changeset
|
2997 |
|
64b15e9091a9
Started documentation on buffer objects & types. Very preliminary.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
11168
diff
changeset
|
2998 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyBuffer_FromReadWriteMemory}{void *ptr, int size} |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
2999 Similar to \cfunction{PyBuffer_FromMemory()}, but the returned buffer |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3000 is writable. |
|
11176
64b15e9091a9
Started documentation on buffer objects & types. Very preliminary.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
11168
diff
changeset
|
3001 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
64b15e9091a9
Started documentation on buffer objects & types. Very preliminary.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
11168
diff
changeset
|
3002 |
|
64b15e9091a9
Started documentation on buffer objects & types. Very preliminary.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
11168
diff
changeset
|
3003 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyBuffer_New}{int size} |
|
64b15e9091a9
Started documentation on buffer objects & types. Very preliminary.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
11168
diff
changeset
|
3004 Returns a new writable buffer object that maintains its own memory |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3005 buffer of \var{size} bytes. \exception{ValueError} is returned if |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3006 \var{size} is not zero or positive. |
|
11176
64b15e9091a9
Started documentation on buffer objects & types. Very preliminary.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
11168
diff
changeset
|
3007 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
64b15e9091a9
Started documentation on buffer objects & types. Very preliminary.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
11168
diff
changeset
|
3008 |
|
8109
2e49bc89fafa
Filled in some more blanks, with the help of Drew Csillag.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
8057
diff
changeset
|
3009 |
| 10163 | 3010 \subsection{Tuple Objects \label{tupleObjects}} |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3011 |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3012 \obindex{tuple} |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3013 \begin{ctypedesc}{PyTupleObject} |
|
8120
068fea15cbcd
Convert recent additions to use new, "logical" markup.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
8109
diff
changeset
|
3014 This subtype of \ctype{PyObject} represents a Python tuple object. |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3015 \end{ctypedesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3016 |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3017 \begin{cvardesc}{PyTypeObject}{PyTuple_Type} |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3018 This instance of \ctype{PyTypeObject} represents the Python tuple |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3019 type; it is the same object as \code{types.TupleType} in the Python |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3020 layer.\withsubitem{(in module types)}{\ttindex{TupleType}}. |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3021 \end{cvardesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3022 |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3023 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyTuple_Check}{PyObject *p} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3024 Return true if the argument is a tuple object. |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3025 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3026 |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3027 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyTuple_New}{int len} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3028 Return a new tuple object of size \var{len}, or \NULL{} on failure. |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3029 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3030 |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3031 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyTuple_Size}{PyTupleObject *p} |
| 7308 | 3032 Takes a pointer to a tuple object, and returns the size |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3033 of that tuple. |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3034 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3035 |
| 7782 | 3036 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyTuple_GetItem}{PyTupleObject *p, int pos} |
| 7308 | 3037 Returns the object at position \var{pos} in the tuple pointed |
| 3038 to by \var{p}. If \var{pos} is out of bounds, returns \NULL{} and | |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3039 sets an \exception{IndexError} exception. |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3040 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3041 |
| 7782 | 3042 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyTuple_GET_ITEM}{PyTupleObject *p, int pos} |
| 7308 | 3043 Does the same, but does no checking of its arguments. |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3044 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3045 |
| 7782 | 3046 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyTuple_GetSlice}{PyTupleObject *p, |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3047 int low, |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3048 int high} |
| 7308 | 3049 Takes a slice of the tuple pointed to by \var{p} from |
| 3050 \var{low} to \var{high} and returns it as a new tuple. | |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3051 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3052 |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3053 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyTuple_SetItem}{PyObject *p, |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3054 int pos, PyObject *o} |
| 7308 | 3055 Inserts a reference to object \var{o} at position \var{pos} of |
| 3056 the tuple pointed to by \var{p}. It returns \code{0} on success. | |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3057 \strong{Note:} This function ``steals'' a reference to \var{o}. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3058 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3059 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3060 \begin{cfuncdesc}{void}{PyTuple_SET_ITEM}{PyObject *p, |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3061 int pos, PyObject *o} |
| 7308 | 3062 Does the same, but does no error checking, and |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3063 should \emph{only} be used to fill in brand new tuples. |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3064 \strong{Note:} This function ``steals'' a reference to \var{o}. |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3065 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3066 |
| 7782 | 3067 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{_PyTuple_Resize}{PyTupleObject *p, |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3068 int newsize, int last_is_sticky} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3069 Can be used to resize a tuple. \var{newsize} will be the new length |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3070 of the tuple. Because tuples are \emph{supposed} to be immutable, |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3071 this should only be used if there is only one reference to the object. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3072 Do \emph{not} use this if the tuple may already be known to some other |
|
15038
e9713cbe2ba8
The _PyTuple_Resize() last_is_sticky flag must now always be false.
Neil Schemenauer <nascheme@enme.ucalgary.ca>
parents:
14926
diff
changeset
|
3073 part of the code. The tuple will always grow or shrink at the end. The |
|
e9713cbe2ba8
The _PyTuple_Resize() last_is_sticky flag must now always be false.
Neil Schemenauer <nascheme@enme.ucalgary.ca>
parents:
14926
diff
changeset
|
3074 \var{last_is_sticky} flag is not used and should always be false. Think |
|
e9713cbe2ba8
The _PyTuple_Resize() last_is_sticky flag must now always be false.
Neil Schemenauer <nascheme@enme.ucalgary.ca>
parents:
14926
diff
changeset
|
3075 of this as destroying the old tuple and creating a new one, only more |
|
e9713cbe2ba8
The _PyTuple_Resize() last_is_sticky flag must now always be false.
Neil Schemenauer <nascheme@enme.ucalgary.ca>
parents:
14926
diff
changeset
|
3076 efficiently. Returns \code{0} on success and \code{-1} on failure (in |
|
e9713cbe2ba8
The _PyTuple_Resize() last_is_sticky flag must now always be false.
Neil Schemenauer <nascheme@enme.ucalgary.ca>
parents:
14926
diff
changeset
|
3077 which case a \exception{MemoryError} or \exception{SystemError} will be |
|
e9713cbe2ba8
The _PyTuple_Resize() last_is_sticky flag must now always be false.
Neil Schemenauer <nascheme@enme.ucalgary.ca>
parents:
14926
diff
changeset
|
3078 raised). |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3079 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3080 |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3081 |
| 10163 | 3082 \subsection{List Objects \label{listObjects}} |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3083 |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3084 \obindex{list} |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3085 \begin{ctypedesc}{PyListObject} |
|
8120
068fea15cbcd
Convert recent additions to use new, "logical" markup.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
8109
diff
changeset
|
3086 This subtype of \ctype{PyObject} represents a Python list object. |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3087 \end{ctypedesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3088 |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3089 \begin{cvardesc}{PyTypeObject}{PyList_Type} |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3090 This instance of \ctype{PyTypeObject} represents the Python list |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3091 type. This is the same object as \code{types.ListType}. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3092 \withsubitem{(in module types)}{\ttindex{ListType}} |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3093 \end{cvardesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3094 |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3095 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyList_Check}{PyObject *p} |
|
8120
068fea15cbcd
Convert recent additions to use new, "logical" markup.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
8109
diff
changeset
|
3096 Returns true if its argument is a \ctype{PyListObject}. |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3097 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3098 |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3099 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyList_New}{int len} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3100 Returns a new list of length \var{len} on success, or \NULL{} on |
|
8057
5aacdd097941
Some patches by Drew Csillag; plus a few of my own uncommitted changes.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
8029
diff
changeset
|
3101 failure. |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3102 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3103 |
| 7782 | 3104 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyList_Size}{PyObject *list} |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3105 Returns the length of the list object in \var{list}; this is |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3106 equivalent to \samp{len(\var{list})} on a list object. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3107 \bifuncindex{len} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3108 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3109 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3110 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyList_GET_SIZE}{PyObject *list} |
|
15087
a13a2acbe214
Fix a couple of places where the descriptions of *_GET_SIZE() macros said
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
15038
diff
changeset
|
3111 Macro form of \cfunction{PyList_Size()} without error checking. |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3112 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3113 |
| 7782 | 3114 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyList_GetItem}{PyObject *list, int index} |
|
8109
2e49bc89fafa
Filled in some more blanks, with the help of Drew Csillag.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
8057
diff
changeset
|
3115 Returns the object at position \var{pos} in the list pointed |
|
2e49bc89fafa
Filled in some more blanks, with the help of Drew Csillag.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
8057
diff
changeset
|
3116 to by \var{p}. If \var{pos} is out of bounds, returns \NULL{} and |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3117 sets an \exception{IndexError} exception. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3118 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3119 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3120 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyList_GET_ITEM}{PyObject *list, int i} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3121 Macro form of \cfunction{PyList_GetItem()} without error checking. |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3122 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3123 |
| 7782 | 3124 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyList_SetItem}{PyObject *list, int index, |
| 3125 PyObject *item} | |
|
8057
5aacdd097941
Some patches by Drew Csillag; plus a few of my own uncommitted changes.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
8029
diff
changeset
|
3126 Sets the item at index \var{index} in list to \var{item}. |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3127 \strong{Note:} This function ``steals'' a reference to \var{item}. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3128 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3129 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3130 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyList_SET_ITEM}{PyObject *list, int i, |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3131 PyObject *o} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3132 Macro form of \cfunction{PyList_SetItem()} without error checking. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3133 \strong{Note:} This function ``steals'' a reference to \var{item}. |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3134 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3135 |
| 7782 | 3136 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyList_Insert}{PyObject *list, int index, |
|
8109
2e49bc89fafa
Filled in some more blanks, with the help of Drew Csillag.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
8057
diff
changeset
|
3137 PyObject *item} |
|
2e49bc89fafa
Filled in some more blanks, with the help of Drew Csillag.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
8057
diff
changeset
|
3138 Inserts the item \var{item} into list \var{list} in front of index |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3139 \var{index}. Returns \code{0} if successful; returns \code{-1} and |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3140 raises an exception if unsuccessful. Analogous to |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3141 \code{\var{list}.insert(\var{index}, \var{item})}. |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3142 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3143 |
| 7782 | 3144 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyList_Append}{PyObject *list, PyObject *item} |
|
8109
2e49bc89fafa
Filled in some more blanks, with the help of Drew Csillag.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
8057
diff
changeset
|
3145 Appends the object \var{item} at the end of list \var{list}. Returns |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3146 \code{0} if successful; returns \code{-1} and sets an exception if |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3147 unsuccessful. Analogous to \code{\var{list}.append(\var{item})}. |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3148 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3149 |
| 7782 | 3150 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyList_GetSlice}{PyObject *list, |
| 3151 int low, int high} | |
|
8057
5aacdd097941
Some patches by Drew Csillag; plus a few of my own uncommitted changes.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
8029
diff
changeset
|
3152 Returns a list of the objects in \var{list} containing the objects |
|
8109
2e49bc89fafa
Filled in some more blanks, with the help of Drew Csillag.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
8057
diff
changeset
|
3153 \emph{between} \var{low} and \var{high}. Returns NULL and sets an |
|
2e49bc89fafa
Filled in some more blanks, with the help of Drew Csillag.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
8057
diff
changeset
|
3154 exception if unsuccessful. |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3155 Analogous to \code{\var{list}[\var{low}:\var{high}]}. |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3156 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3157 |
| 7782 | 3158 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyList_SetSlice}{PyObject *list, |
| 3159 int low, int high, | |
| 3160 PyObject *itemlist} | |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3161 Sets the slice of \var{list} between \var{low} and \var{high} to the |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3162 contents of \var{itemlist}. Analogous to |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3163 \code{\var{list}[\var{low}:\var{high}] = \var{itemlist}}. Returns |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3164 \code{0} on success, \code{-1} on failure. |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3165 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3166 |
| 7782 | 3167 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyList_Sort}{PyObject *list} |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3168 Sorts the items of \var{list} in place. Returns \code{0} on success, |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3169 \code{-1} on failure. This is equivalent to |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3170 \samp{\var{list}.sort()}. |
| 7782 | 3171 \end{cfuncdesc} |
| 3172 | |
| 3173 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyList_Reverse}{PyObject *list} | |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3174 Reverses the items of \var{list} in place. Returns \code{0} on |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3175 success, \code{-1} on failure. This is the equivalent of |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3176 \samp{\var{list}.reverse()}. |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3177 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3178 |
| 7782 | 3179 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyList_AsTuple}{PyObject *list} |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3180 Returns a new tuple object containing the contents of \var{list}; |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3181 equivalent to \samp{tuple(\var{list})}.\bifuncindex{tuple} |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3182 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3183 |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3184 |
| 10163 | 3185 \section{Mapping Objects \label{mapObjects}} |
| 3186 | |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3187 \obindex{mapping} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3188 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3189 |
| 10163 | 3190 \subsection{Dictionary Objects \label{dictObjects}} |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3191 |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3192 \obindex{dictionary} |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3193 \begin{ctypedesc}{PyDictObject} |
|
8120
068fea15cbcd
Convert recent additions to use new, "logical" markup.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
8109
diff
changeset
|
3194 This subtype of \ctype{PyObject} represents a Python dictionary object. |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3195 \end{ctypedesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3196 |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3197 \begin{cvardesc}{PyTypeObject}{PyDict_Type} |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3198 This instance of \ctype{PyTypeObject} represents the Python dictionary |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3199 type. This is exposed to Python programs as \code{types.DictType} and |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3200 \code{types.DictionaryType}. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3201 \withsubitem{(in module types)}{\ttindex{DictType}\ttindex{DictionaryType}} |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3202 \end{cvardesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3203 |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3204 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyDict_Check}{PyObject *p} |
|
8120
068fea15cbcd
Convert recent additions to use new, "logical" markup.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
8109
diff
changeset
|
3205 Returns true if its argument is a \ctype{PyDictObject}. |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3206 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3207 |
| 7782 | 3208 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyDict_New}{} |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3209 Returns a new empty dictionary, or \NULL{} on failure. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3210 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3211 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3212 \begin{cfuncdesc}{void}{PyDict_Clear}{PyObject *p} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3213 Empties an existing dictionary of all key-value pairs. |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3214 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3215 |
|
12126
e6214ad2a60c
Add PyDict_Copy() function to C API for dicts. It returns a new
Jeremy Hylton <jeremy@alum.mit.edu>
parents:
11453
diff
changeset
|
3216 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyDict_Copy}{PyObject *p} |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3217 Returns a new dictionary that contains the same key-value pairs as p. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3218 Empties an existing dictionary of all key-value pairs. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3219 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3220 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3221 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyDict_SetItem}{PyObject *p, PyObject *key, |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3222 PyObject *val} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3223 Inserts \var{value} into the dictionary with a key of \var{key}. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3224 \var{key} must be hashable; if it isn't, \exception{TypeError} will be |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3225 raised. |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3226 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3227 |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3228 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyDict_SetItemString}{PyDictObject *p, |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3229 char *key, |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3230 PyObject *val} |
| 7308 | 3231 Inserts \var{value} into the dictionary using \var{key} |
| 12947 | 3232 as a key. \var{key} should be a \ctype{char*}. The key object is |
| 7308 | 3233 created using \code{PyString_FromString(\var{key})}. |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3234 \ttindex{PyString_FromString()} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3235 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3236 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3237 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyDict_DelItem}{PyObject *p, PyObject *key} |
| 7308 | 3238 Removes the entry in dictionary \var{p} with key \var{key}. |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3239 \var{key} must be hashable; if it isn't, \exception{TypeError} is |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3240 raised. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3241 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3242 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3243 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyDict_DelItemString}{PyObject *p, char *key} |
| 7308 | 3244 Removes the entry in dictionary \var{p} which has a key |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3245 specified by the string \var{key}. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3246 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3247 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3248 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyDict_GetItem}{PyObject *p, PyObject *key} |
| 7308 | 3249 Returns the object from dictionary \var{p} which has a key |
|
8109
2e49bc89fafa
Filled in some more blanks, with the help of Drew Csillag.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
8057
diff
changeset
|
3250 \var{key}. Returns \NULL{} if the key \var{key} is not present, but |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3251 \emph{without} setting an exception. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3252 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3253 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3254 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyDict_GetItemString}{PyObject *p, char *key} |
|
8120
068fea15cbcd
Convert recent additions to use new, "logical" markup.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
8109
diff
changeset
|
3255 This is the same as \cfunction{PyDict_GetItem()}, but \var{key} is |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3256 specified as a \ctype{char*}, rather than a \ctype{PyObject*}. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3257 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3258 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3259 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyDict_Items}{PyObject *p} |
|
8120
068fea15cbcd
Convert recent additions to use new, "logical" markup.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
8109
diff
changeset
|
3260 Returns a \ctype{PyListObject} containing all the items |
|
8109
2e49bc89fafa
Filled in some more blanks, with the help of Drew Csillag.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
8057
diff
changeset
|
3261 from the dictionary, as in the dictinoary method \method{items()} (see |
|
11451
38c7444f633a
Use \citetitle and \programopt as appropriate.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
11222
diff
changeset
|
3262 the \citetitle[../lib/lib.html]{Python Library Reference}). |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3263 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3264 |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3265 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyDict_Keys}{PyObject *p} |
|
8120
068fea15cbcd
Convert recent additions to use new, "logical" markup.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
8109
diff
changeset
|
3266 Returns a \ctype{PyListObject} containing all the keys |
|
8109
2e49bc89fafa
Filled in some more blanks, with the help of Drew Csillag.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
8057
diff
changeset
|
3267 from the dictionary, as in the dictionary method \method{keys()} (see the |
|
11451
38c7444f633a
Use \citetitle and \programopt as appropriate.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
11222
diff
changeset
|
3268 \citetitle[../lib/lib.html]{Python Library Reference}). |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3269 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3270 |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3271 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyDict_Values}{PyObject *p} |
|
8120
068fea15cbcd
Convert recent additions to use new, "logical" markup.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
8109
diff
changeset
|
3272 Returns a \ctype{PyListObject} containing all the values |
|
8109
2e49bc89fafa
Filled in some more blanks, with the help of Drew Csillag.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
8057
diff
changeset
|
3273 from the dictionary \var{p}, as in the dictionary method |
|
11451
38c7444f633a
Use \citetitle and \programopt as appropriate.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
11222
diff
changeset
|
3274 \method{values()} (see the \citetitle[../lib/lib.html]{Python Library |
|
38c7444f633a
Use \citetitle and \programopt as appropriate.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
11222
diff
changeset
|
3275 Reference}). |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3276 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3277 |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3278 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyDict_Size}{PyObject *p} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3279 Returns the number of items in the dictionary. This is equivalent to |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3280 \samp{len(\var{p})} on a dictionary.\bifuncindex{len} |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3281 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3282 |
|
13920
d057cd543ed9
ANY becomes void, to reflect the requirement for ANSI C.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
13592
diff
changeset
|
3283 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyDict_Next}{PyDictObject *p, int *ppos, |
|
d057cd543ed9
ANY becomes void, to reflect the requirement for ANSI C.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
13592
diff
changeset
|
3284 PyObject **pkey, PyObject **pvalue} |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3285 |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3286 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3287 |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3288 |
| 10163 | 3289 \section{Numeric Objects \label{numericObjects}} |
| 3290 | |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3291 \obindex{numeric} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3292 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3293 |
| 10163 | 3294 \subsection{Plain Integer Objects \label{intObjects}} |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3295 |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3296 \obindex{integer} |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3297 \begin{ctypedesc}{PyIntObject} |
|
8120
068fea15cbcd
Convert recent additions to use new, "logical" markup.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
8109
diff
changeset
|
3298 This subtype of \ctype{PyObject} represents a Python integer object. |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3299 \end{ctypedesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3300 |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3301 \begin{cvardesc}{PyTypeObject}{PyInt_Type} |
|
8120
068fea15cbcd
Convert recent additions to use new, "logical" markup.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
8109
diff
changeset
|
3302 This instance of \ctype{PyTypeObject} represents the Python plain |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3303 integer type. This is the same object as \code{types.IntType}. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3304 \withsubitem{(in modules types)}{\ttindex{IntType}} |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3305 \end{cvardesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3306 |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3307 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyInt_Check}{PyObject* o} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3308 Returns true if \var{o} is of type \cdata{PyInt_Type}. |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3309 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3310 |
| 7782 | 3311 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyInt_FromLong}{long ival} |
| 7308 | 3312 Creates a new integer object with a value of \var{ival}. |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3313 |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3314 The current implementation keeps an array of integer objects for all |
| 7308 | 3315 integers between \code{-1} and \code{100}, when you create an int in |
| 3316 that range you actually just get back a reference to the existing | |
| 3317 object. So it should be possible to change the value of \code{1}. I | |
|
7807
5d15f4fd6d69
Capitalize "Python" for consistency.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7782
diff
changeset
|
3318 suspect the behaviour of Python in this case is undefined. :-) |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3319 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3320 |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3321 \begin{cfuncdesc}{long}{PyInt_AsLong}{PyObject *io} |
|
8120
068fea15cbcd
Convert recent additions to use new, "logical" markup.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
8109
diff
changeset
|
3322 Will first attempt to cast the object to a \ctype{PyIntObject}, if |
| 7308 | 3323 it is not already one, and then return its value. |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3324 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3325 |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3326 \begin{cfuncdesc}{long}{PyInt_AS_LONG}{PyObject *io} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3327 Returns the value of the object \var{io}. No error checking is |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3328 performed. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3329 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3330 |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3331 \begin{cfuncdesc}{long}{PyInt_GetMax}{} |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3332 Returns the system's idea of the largest integer it can handle |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3333 (\constant{LONG_MAX}\ttindex{LONG_MAX}, as defined in the system |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3334 header files). |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3335 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3336 |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3337 |
| 10163 | 3338 \subsection{Long Integer Objects \label{longObjects}} |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3339 |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3340 \obindex{long integer} |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3341 \begin{ctypedesc}{PyLongObject} |
|
8120
068fea15cbcd
Convert recent additions to use new, "logical" markup.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
8109
diff
changeset
|
3342 This subtype of \ctype{PyObject} represents a Python long integer |
| 7308 | 3343 object. |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3344 \end{ctypedesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3345 |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3346 \begin{cvardesc}{PyTypeObject}{PyLong_Type} |
|
8120
068fea15cbcd
Convert recent additions to use new, "logical" markup.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
8109
diff
changeset
|
3347 This instance of \ctype{PyTypeObject} represents the Python long |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3348 integer type. This is the same object as \code{types.LongType}. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3349 \withsubitem{(in modules types)}{\ttindex{LongType}} |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3350 \end{cvardesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3351 |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3352 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyLong_Check}{PyObject *p} |
|
8120
068fea15cbcd
Convert recent additions to use new, "logical" markup.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
8109
diff
changeset
|
3353 Returns true if its argument is a \ctype{PyLongObject}. |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3354 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3355 |
| 7782 | 3356 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyLong_FromLong}{long v} |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3357 Returns a new \ctype{PyLongObject} object from \var{v}, or \NULL{} on |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3358 failure. |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3359 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3360 |
| 7782 | 3361 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyLong_FromUnsignedLong}{unsigned long v} |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3362 Returns a new \ctype{PyLongObject} object from a C \ctype{unsigned |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3363 long}, or \NULL{} on failure. |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3364 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3365 |
| 7782 | 3366 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyLong_FromDouble}{double v} |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3367 Returns a new \ctype{PyLongObject} object from the integer part of |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3368 \var{v}, or \NULL{} on failure. |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3369 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3370 |
| 7782 | 3371 \begin{cfuncdesc}{long}{PyLong_AsLong}{PyObject *pylong} |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3372 Returns a C \ctype{long} representation of the contents of |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3373 \var{pylong}. If \var{pylong} is greater than |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3374 \constant{LONG_MAX}\ttindex{LONG_MAX}, an \exception{OverflowError} is |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3375 raised.\withsubitem{(built-in exception)}{OverflowError} |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3376 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3377 |
| 7782 | 3378 \begin{cfuncdesc}{unsigned long}{PyLong_AsUnsignedLong}{PyObject *pylong} |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3379 Returns a C \ctype{unsigned long} representation of the contents of |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3380 \var{pylong}. If \var{pylong} is greater than |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3381 \constant{ULONG_MAX}\ttindex{ULONG_MAX}, an \exception{OverflowError} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3382 is raised.\withsubitem{(built-in exception)}{OverflowError} |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3383 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3384 |
| 7782 | 3385 \begin{cfuncdesc}{double}{PyLong_AsDouble}{PyObject *pylong} |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3386 Returns a C \ctype{double} representation of the contents of \var{pylong}. |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3387 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3388 |
| 7782 | 3389 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyLong_FromString}{char *str, char **pend, |
| 3390 int base} | |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3391 Return a new \ctype{PyLongObject} based on the string value in |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3392 \var{str}, which is interpreted according to the radix in \var{base}. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3393 If \var{pend} is non-\NULL, \code{*\var{pend}} will point to the first |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3394 character in \var{str} which follows the representation of the |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3395 number. If \var{base} is \code{0}, the radix will be determined base |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3396 on the leading characters of \var{str}: if \var{str} starts with |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3397 \code{'0x'} or \code{'0X'}, radix 16 will be used; if \var{str} starts |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3398 with \code{'0'}, radix 8 will be used; otherwise radix 10 will be |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3399 used. If \var{base} is not \code{0}, it must be between \code{2} and |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3400 \code{36}, inclusive. Leading spaces are ignored. If there are no |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3401 digits, \exception{ValueError} will be raised. |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3402 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3403 |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3404 |
| 10163 | 3405 \subsection{Floating Point Objects \label{floatObjects}} |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3406 |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3407 \obindex{floating point} |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3408 \begin{ctypedesc}{PyFloatObject} |
|
8120
068fea15cbcd
Convert recent additions to use new, "logical" markup.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
8109
diff
changeset
|
3409 This subtype of \ctype{PyObject} represents a Python floating point |
| 7308 | 3410 object. |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3411 \end{ctypedesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3412 |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3413 \begin{cvardesc}{PyTypeObject}{PyFloat_Type} |
|
8120
068fea15cbcd
Convert recent additions to use new, "logical" markup.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
8109
diff
changeset
|
3414 This instance of \ctype{PyTypeObject} represents the Python floating |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3415 point type. This is the same object as \code{types.FloatType}. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3416 \withsubitem{(in modules types)}{\ttindex{FloatType}} |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3417 \end{cvardesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3418 |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3419 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyFloat_Check}{PyObject *p} |
|
8120
068fea15cbcd
Convert recent additions to use new, "logical" markup.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
8109
diff
changeset
|
3420 Returns true if its argument is a \ctype{PyFloatObject}. |
|
5588
53cdf94b652b
Just another checkin for backup. Nothing substantial yet.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
5536
diff
changeset
|
3421 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
53cdf94b652b
Just another checkin for backup. Nothing substantial yet.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
5536
diff
changeset
|
3422 |
| 7782 | 3423 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyFloat_FromDouble}{double v} |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3424 Creates a \ctype{PyFloatObject} object from \var{v}, or \NULL{} on |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3425 failure. |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3426 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3427 |
| 7782 | 3428 \begin{cfuncdesc}{double}{PyFloat_AsDouble}{PyObject *pyfloat} |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3429 Returns a C \ctype{double} representation of the contents of \var{pyfloat}. |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3430 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3431 |
| 7782 | 3432 \begin{cfuncdesc}{double}{PyFloat_AS_DOUBLE}{PyObject *pyfloat} |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3433 Returns a C \ctype{double} representation of the contents of |
|
8120
068fea15cbcd
Convert recent additions to use new, "logical" markup.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
8109
diff
changeset
|
3434 \var{pyfloat}, but without error checking. |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3435 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3436 |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3437 |
| 10163 | 3438 \subsection{Complex Number Objects \label{complexObjects}} |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3439 |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3440 \obindex{complex number} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3441 Python's complex number objects are implemented as two distinct types |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3442 when viewed from the C API: one is the Python object exposed to |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3443 Python programs, and the other is a C structure which represents the |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3444 actual complex number value. The API provides functions for working |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3445 with both. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3446 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3447 \subsubsection{Complex Numbers as C Structures} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3448 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3449 Note that the functions which accept these structures as parameters |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3450 and return them as results do so \emph{by value} rather than |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3451 dereferencing them through pointers. This is consistent throughout |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3452 the API. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3453 |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3454 \begin{ctypedesc}{Py_complex} |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3455 The C structure which corresponds to the value portion of a Python |
|
7310
6095a472f574
Place C typedef for Py_complex after brief description, to be more consistent
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7309
diff
changeset
|
3456 complex number object. Most of the functions for dealing with complex |
|
6095a472f574
Place C typedef for Py_complex after brief description, to be more consistent
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7309
diff
changeset
|
3457 number objects use structures of this type as input or output values, |
|
6095a472f574
Place C typedef for Py_complex after brief description, to be more consistent
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7309
diff
changeset
|
3458 as appropriate. It is defined as: |
|
6095a472f574
Place C typedef for Py_complex after brief description, to be more consistent
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7309
diff
changeset
|
3459 |
| 7308 | 3460 \begin{verbatim} |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3461 typedef struct { |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3462 double real; |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3463 double imag; |
|
7310
6095a472f574
Place C typedef for Py_complex after brief description, to be more consistent
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7309
diff
changeset
|
3464 } Py_complex; |
| 7308 | 3465 \end{verbatim} |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3466 \end{ctypedesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3467 |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3468 \begin{cfuncdesc}{Py_complex}{_Py_c_sum}{Py_complex left, Py_complex right} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3469 Return the sum of two complex numbers, using the C |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3470 \ctype{Py_complex} representation. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3471 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3472 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3473 \begin{cfuncdesc}{Py_complex}{_Py_c_diff}{Py_complex left, Py_complex right} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3474 Return the difference between two complex numbers, using the C |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3475 \ctype{Py_complex} representation. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3476 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3477 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3478 \begin{cfuncdesc}{Py_complex}{_Py_c_neg}{Py_complex complex} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3479 Return the negation of the complex number \var{complex}, using the C |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3480 \ctype{Py_complex} representation. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3481 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3482 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3483 \begin{cfuncdesc}{Py_complex}{_Py_c_prod}{Py_complex left, Py_complex right} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3484 Return the product of two complex numbers, using the C |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3485 \ctype{Py_complex} representation. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3486 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3487 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3488 \begin{cfuncdesc}{Py_complex}{_Py_c_quot}{Py_complex dividend, |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3489 Py_complex divisor} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3490 Return the quotient of two complex numbers, using the C |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3491 \ctype{Py_complex} representation. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3492 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3493 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3494 \begin{cfuncdesc}{Py_complex}{_Py_c_pow}{Py_complex num, Py_complex exp} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3495 Return the exponentiation of \var{num} by \var{exp}, using the C |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3496 \ctype{Py_complex} representation. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3497 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3498 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3499 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3500 \subsubsection{Complex Numbers as Python Objects} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3501 |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3502 \begin{ctypedesc}{PyComplexObject} |
|
8120
068fea15cbcd
Convert recent additions to use new, "logical" markup.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
8109
diff
changeset
|
3503 This subtype of \ctype{PyObject} represents a Python complex number object. |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3504 \end{ctypedesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3505 |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3506 \begin{cvardesc}{PyTypeObject}{PyComplex_Type} |
|
8120
068fea15cbcd
Convert recent additions to use new, "logical" markup.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
8109
diff
changeset
|
3507 This instance of \ctype{PyTypeObject} represents the Python complex |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3508 number type. |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3509 \end{cvardesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3510 |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3511 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyComplex_Check}{PyObject *p} |
|
8120
068fea15cbcd
Convert recent additions to use new, "logical" markup.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
8109
diff
changeset
|
3512 Returns true if its argument is a \ctype{PyComplexObject}. |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3513 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3514 |
| 7782 | 3515 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyComplex_FromCComplex}{Py_complex v} |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3516 Create a new Python complex number object from a C |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3517 \ctype{Py_complex} value. |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3518 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3519 |
| 7782 | 3520 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyComplex_FromDoubles}{double real, double imag} |
|
8120
068fea15cbcd
Convert recent additions to use new, "logical" markup.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
8109
diff
changeset
|
3521 Returns a new \ctype{PyComplexObject} object from \var{real} and \var{imag}. |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3522 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3523 |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3524 \begin{cfuncdesc}{double}{PyComplex_RealAsDouble}{PyObject *op} |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3525 Returns the real part of \var{op} as a C \ctype{double}. |
|
5588
53cdf94b652b
Just another checkin for backup. Nothing substantial yet.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
5536
diff
changeset
|
3526 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
53cdf94b652b
Just another checkin for backup. Nothing substantial yet.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
5536
diff
changeset
|
3527 |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3528 \begin{cfuncdesc}{double}{PyComplex_ImagAsDouble}{PyObject *op} |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3529 Returns the imaginary part of \var{op} as a C \ctype{double}. |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3530 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3531 |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3532 \begin{cfuncdesc}{Py_complex}{PyComplex_AsCComplex}{PyObject *op} |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3533 Returns the \ctype{Py_complex} value of the complex number \var{op}. |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3534 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3535 |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3536 |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3537 |
| 10163 | 3538 \section{Other Objects \label{otherObjects}} |
| 3539 | |
| 3540 \subsection{File Objects \label{fileObjects}} | |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3541 |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3542 \obindex{file} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3543 Python's built-in file objects are implemented entirely on the |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3544 \ctype{FILE*} support from the C standard library. This is an |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3545 implementation detail and may change in future releases of Python. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3546 |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3547 \begin{ctypedesc}{PyFileObject} |
|
8120
068fea15cbcd
Convert recent additions to use new, "logical" markup.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
8109
diff
changeset
|
3548 This subtype of \ctype{PyObject} represents a Python file object. |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3549 \end{ctypedesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3550 |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3551 \begin{cvardesc}{PyTypeObject}{PyFile_Type} |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3552 This instance of \ctype{PyTypeObject} represents the Python file |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3553 type. This is exposed to Python programs as \code{types.FileType}. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3554 \withsubitem{(in module types)}{\ttindex{FileType}} |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3555 \end{cvardesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3556 |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3557 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyFile_Check}{PyObject *p} |
|
8120
068fea15cbcd
Convert recent additions to use new, "logical" markup.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
8109
diff
changeset
|
3558 Returns true if its argument is a \ctype{PyFileObject}. |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3559 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3560 |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3561 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyFile_FromString}{char *filename, char *mode} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3562 On success, returns a new file object that is opened on the |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3563 file given by \var{filename}, with a file mode given by \var{mode}, |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3564 where \var{mode} has the same semantics as the standard C routine |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3565 \cfunction{fopen()}\ttindex{fopen()}. On failure, returns \NULL. |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3566 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3567 |
| 7782 | 3568 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyFile_FromFile}{FILE *fp, |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3569 char *name, char *mode, |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3570 int (*close)(FILE*)} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3571 Creates a new \ctype{PyFileObject} from the already-open standard C |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3572 file pointer, \var{fp}. The function \var{close} will be called when |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3573 the file should be closed. Returns \NULL{} on failure. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3574 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3575 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3576 \begin{cfuncdesc}{FILE*}{PyFile_AsFile}{PyFileObject *p} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3577 Returns the file object associated with \var{p} as a \ctype{FILE*}. |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3578 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3579 |
| 7782 | 3580 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyFile_GetLine}{PyObject *p, int n} |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3581 Equivalent to \code{\var{p}.readline(\optional{\var{n}})}, this |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3582 function reads one line from the object \var{p}. \var{p} may be a |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3583 file object or any object with a \method{readline()} method. If |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3584 \var{n} is \code{0}, exactly one line is read, regardless of the |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3585 length of the line. If \var{n} is greater than \code{0}, no more than |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3586 \var{n} bytes will be read from the file; a partial line can be |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3587 returned. In both cases, an empty string is returned if the end of |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3588 the file is reached immediately. If \var{n} is less than \code{0}, |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3589 however, one line is read regardless of length, but |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3590 \exception{EOFError} is raised if the end of the file is reached |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3591 immediately. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3592 \withsubitem{(built-in exception)}{\ttindex{EOFError}} |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3593 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3594 |
| 7782 | 3595 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyFile_Name}{PyObject *p} |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3596 Returns the name of the file specified by \var{p} as a string object. |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3597 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3598 |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3599 \begin{cfuncdesc}{void}{PyFile_SetBufSize}{PyFileObject *p, int n} |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3600 Available on systems with \cfunction{setvbuf()}\ttindex{setvbuf()} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3601 only. This should only be called immediately after file object |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3602 creation. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3603 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3604 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3605 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyFile_SoftSpace}{PyObject *p, int newflag} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3606 This function exists for internal use by the interpreter. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3607 Sets the \member{softspace} attribute of \var{p} to \var{newflag} and |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3608 \withsubitem{(file attribute)}{\ttindex{softspace}}returns the |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3609 previous value. \var{p} does not have to be a file object |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3610 for this function to work properly; any object is supported (thought |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3611 its only interesting if the \member{softspace} attribute can be set). |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3612 This function clears any errors, and will return \code{0} as the |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3613 previous value if the attribute either does not exist or if there were |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3614 errors in retrieving it. There is no way to detect errors from this |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3615 function, but doing so should not be needed. |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3616 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3617 |
| 7782 | 3618 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyFile_WriteObject}{PyObject *obj, PyFileObject *p, |
| 3619 int flags} | |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3620 Writes object \var{obj} to file object \var{p}. The only supported |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3621 flag for \var{flags} is \constant{Py_PRINT_RAW}\ttindex{Py_PRINT_RAW}; |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3622 if given, the \function{str()} of the object is written instead of the |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3623 \function{repr()}. Returns \code{0} on success or \code{-1} on |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3624 failure; the appropriate exception will be set. |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3625 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3626 |
| 7782 | 3627 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyFile_WriteString}{char *s, PyFileObject *p, |
| 3628 int flags} | |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3629 Writes string \var{s} to file object \var{p}. Returns \code{0} on |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3630 success or \code{-1} on failure; the appropriate exception will be |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3631 set. |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3632 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3633 |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3634 |
| 10163 | 3635 \subsection{Module Objects \label{moduleObjects}} |
| 3636 | |
| 3637 \obindex{module} | |
| 3638 There are only a few functions special to module objects. | |
| 3639 | |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3640 \begin{cvardesc}{PyTypeObject}{PyModule_Type} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3641 This instance of \ctype{PyTypeObject} represents the Python module |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3642 type. This is exposed to Python programs as \code{types.ModuleType}. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3643 \withsubitem{(in module types)}{\ttindex{ModuleType}} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3644 \end{cvardesc} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3645 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3646 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyModule_Check}{PyObject *p} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3647 Returns true if its argument is a module object. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3648 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3649 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3650 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyModule_New}{char *name} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3651 Return a new module object with the \member{__name__} attribute set to |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3652 \var{name}. Only the module's \member{__doc__} and |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3653 \member{__name__} attributes are filled in; the caller is responsible |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3654 for providing a \member{__file__} attribute. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3655 \withsubitem{(module attribute)}{ |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3656 \ttindex{__name__}\ttindex{__doc__}\ttindex{__file__}} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3657 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3658 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3659 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyModule_GetDict}{PyObject *module} |
| 10163 | 3660 Return the dictionary object that implements \var{module}'s namespace; |
| 3661 this object is the same as the \member{__dict__} attribute of the | |
| 3662 module object. This function never fails. | |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3663 \withsubitem{(module attribute)}{\ttindex{__dict__}} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3664 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3665 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3666 \begin{cfuncdesc}{char*}{PyModule_GetName}{PyObject *module} |
| 10163 | 3667 Return \var{module}'s \member{__name__} value. If the module does not |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3668 provide one, or if it is not a string, \exception{SystemError} is |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3669 raised and \NULL{} is returned. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3670 \withsubitem{(module attribute)}{\ttindex{__name__}} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3671 \withsubitem{(built-in exception)}{\ttindex{SystemError}} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3672 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3673 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3674 \begin{cfuncdesc}{char*}{PyModule_GetFilename}{PyObject *module} |
| 10163 | 3675 Return the name of the file from which \var{module} was loaded using |
| 3676 \var{module}'s \member{__file__} attribute. If this is not defined, | |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3677 or if it is not a string, raise \exception{SystemError} and return |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3678 \NULL. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3679 \withsubitem{(module attribute)}{\ttindex{__file__}} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3680 \withsubitem{(built-in exception)}{\ttindex{SystemError}} |
| 10163 | 3681 \end{cfuncdesc} |
| 3682 | |
|
14782
3c01f921c453
Added documentation for the new PyModule_*() convenience functions.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14769
diff
changeset
|
3683 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyModule_AddObject}{PyObject *module, |
|
3c01f921c453
Added documentation for the new PyModule_*() convenience functions.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14769
diff
changeset
|
3684 char *name, PyObject *value} |
|
3c01f921c453
Added documentation for the new PyModule_*() convenience functions.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14769
diff
changeset
|
3685 Add an object to \var{module} as \var{name}. This is a convenience |
|
3c01f921c453
Added documentation for the new PyModule_*() convenience functions.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14769
diff
changeset
|
3686 function which can be used from the module's initialization function. |
|
3c01f921c453
Added documentation for the new PyModule_*() convenience functions.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14769
diff
changeset
|
3687 This steals a reference to \var{value}. Returns \code{-1} on error, |
|
3c01f921c453
Added documentation for the new PyModule_*() convenience functions.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14769
diff
changeset
|
3688 \code{0} on success. |
|
3c01f921c453
Added documentation for the new PyModule_*() convenience functions.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14769
diff
changeset
|
3689 \versionadded{2.0} |
|
3c01f921c453
Added documentation for the new PyModule_*() convenience functions.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14769
diff
changeset
|
3690 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
3c01f921c453
Added documentation for the new PyModule_*() convenience functions.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14769
diff
changeset
|
3691 |
|
3c01f921c453
Added documentation for the new PyModule_*() convenience functions.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14769
diff
changeset
|
3692 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyModule_AddIntConstant}{PyObject *module, |
|
3c01f921c453
Added documentation for the new PyModule_*() convenience functions.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14769
diff
changeset
|
3693 char *name, int value} |
|
3c01f921c453
Added documentation for the new PyModule_*() convenience functions.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14769
diff
changeset
|
3694 Add an integer constant to \var{module} as \var{name}. This convenience |
|
3c01f921c453
Added documentation for the new PyModule_*() convenience functions.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14769
diff
changeset
|
3695 function can be used from the module's initialization function. |
|
3c01f921c453
Added documentation for the new PyModule_*() convenience functions.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14769
diff
changeset
|
3696 Returns \code{-1} on error, \code{0} on success. |
|
3c01f921c453
Added documentation for the new PyModule_*() convenience functions.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14769
diff
changeset
|
3697 \versionadded{2.0} |
|
3c01f921c453
Added documentation for the new PyModule_*() convenience functions.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14769
diff
changeset
|
3698 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
3c01f921c453
Added documentation for the new PyModule_*() convenience functions.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14769
diff
changeset
|
3699 |
|
3c01f921c453
Added documentation for the new PyModule_*() convenience functions.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14769
diff
changeset
|
3700 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyModule_AddStringConstant}{PyObject *module, |
|
3c01f921c453
Added documentation for the new PyModule_*() convenience functions.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14769
diff
changeset
|
3701 char *name, char *value} |
|
3c01f921c453
Added documentation for the new PyModule_*() convenience functions.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14769
diff
changeset
|
3702 Add a string constant to \var{module} as \var{name}. This convenience |
|
3c01f921c453
Added documentation for the new PyModule_*() convenience functions.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14769
diff
changeset
|
3703 function can be used from the module's initialization function. The |
|
3c01f921c453
Added documentation for the new PyModule_*() convenience functions.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14769
diff
changeset
|
3704 string \var{value} must be null-terminated. Returns \code{-1} on |
|
3c01f921c453
Added documentation for the new PyModule_*() convenience functions.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14769
diff
changeset
|
3705 error, \code{0} on success. |
|
3c01f921c453
Added documentation for the new PyModule_*() convenience functions.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14769
diff
changeset
|
3706 \versionadded{2.0} |
|
3c01f921c453
Added documentation for the new PyModule_*() convenience functions.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14769
diff
changeset
|
3707 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
3c01f921c453
Added documentation for the new PyModule_*() convenience functions.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14769
diff
changeset
|
3708 |
| 10163 | 3709 |
| 3710 \subsection{CObjects \label{cObjects}} | |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3711 |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3712 \obindex{CObject} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3713 Refer to \emph{Extending and Embedding the Python Interpreter}, |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3714 section 1.12 (``Providing a C API for an Extension Module''), for more |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3715 information on using these objects. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3716 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3717 |
|
8109
2e49bc89fafa
Filled in some more blanks, with the help of Drew Csillag.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
8057
diff
changeset
|
3718 \begin{ctypedesc}{PyCObject} |
|
8120
068fea15cbcd
Convert recent additions to use new, "logical" markup.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
8109
diff
changeset
|
3719 This subtype of \ctype{PyObject} represents an opaque value, useful for |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3720 C extension modules who need to pass an opaque value (as a |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3721 \ctype{void*} pointer) through Python code to other C code. It is |
|
8109
2e49bc89fafa
Filled in some more blanks, with the help of Drew Csillag.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
8057
diff
changeset
|
3722 often used to make a C function pointer defined in one module |
|
2e49bc89fafa
Filled in some more blanks, with the help of Drew Csillag.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
8057
diff
changeset
|
3723 available to other modules, so the regular import mechanism can be |
|
2e49bc89fafa
Filled in some more blanks, with the help of Drew Csillag.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
8057
diff
changeset
|
3724 used to access C APIs defined in dynamically loaded modules. |
|
2e49bc89fafa
Filled in some more blanks, with the help of Drew Csillag.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
8057
diff
changeset
|
3725 \end{ctypedesc} |
|
2e49bc89fafa
Filled in some more blanks, with the help of Drew Csillag.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
8057
diff
changeset
|
3726 |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3727 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyCObject_Check}{PyObject *p} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3728 Returns true if its argument is a \ctype{PyCObject}. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3729 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3730 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3731 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyCObject_FromVoidPtr}{void* cobj, |
|
8109
2e49bc89fafa
Filled in some more blanks, with the help of Drew Csillag.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
8057
diff
changeset
|
3732 void (*destr)(void *)} |
| 12947 | 3733 Creates a \ctype{PyCObject} from the \code{void *}\var{cobj}. The |
|
10851
fcb25335d6ae
PyCObject_FromVoidPtr(): Clarify that the destr function will only be
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
10786
diff
changeset
|
3734 \var{destr} function will be called when the object is reclaimed, unless |
|
fcb25335d6ae
PyCObject_FromVoidPtr(): Clarify that the destr function will only be
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
10786
diff
changeset
|
3735 it is \NULL. |
|
8109
2e49bc89fafa
Filled in some more blanks, with the help of Drew Csillag.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
8057
diff
changeset
|
3736 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
2e49bc89fafa
Filled in some more blanks, with the help of Drew Csillag.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
8057
diff
changeset
|
3737 |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3738 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyCObject_FromVoidPtrAndDesc}{void* cobj, |
|
8109
2e49bc89fafa
Filled in some more blanks, with the help of Drew Csillag.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
8057
diff
changeset
|
3739 void* desc, void (*destr)(void *, void *) } |
|
8120
068fea15cbcd
Convert recent additions to use new, "logical" markup.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
8109
diff
changeset
|
3740 Creates a \ctype{PyCObject} from the \ctype{void *}\var{cobj}. The |
|
068fea15cbcd
Convert recent additions to use new, "logical" markup.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
8109
diff
changeset
|
3741 \var{destr} function will be called when the object is reclaimed. The |
|
068fea15cbcd
Convert recent additions to use new, "logical" markup.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
8109
diff
changeset
|
3742 \var{desc} argument can be used to pass extra callback data for the |
|
068fea15cbcd
Convert recent additions to use new, "logical" markup.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
8109
diff
changeset
|
3743 destructor function. |
|
8109
2e49bc89fafa
Filled in some more blanks, with the help of Drew Csillag.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
8057
diff
changeset
|
3744 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
2e49bc89fafa
Filled in some more blanks, with the help of Drew Csillag.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
8057
diff
changeset
|
3745 |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3746 \begin{cfuncdesc}{void*}{PyCObject_AsVoidPtr}{PyObject* self} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3747 Returns the object \ctype{void *} that the |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3748 \ctype{PyCObject} \var{self} was created with. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3749 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3750 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3751 \begin{cfuncdesc}{void*}{PyCObject_GetDesc}{PyObject* self} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3752 Returns the description \ctype{void *} that the |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3753 \ctype{PyCObject} \var{self} was created with. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3754 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3755 |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3756 |
| 10163 | 3757 \chapter{Initialization, Finalization, and Threads |
| 3758 \label{initialization}} | |
|
6041
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
3759 |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
3760 \begin{cfuncdesc}{void}{Py_Initialize}{} |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
3761 Initialize the Python interpreter. In an application embedding |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
3762 Python, this should be called before using any other Python/C API |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3763 functions; with the exception of |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3764 \cfunction{Py_SetProgramName()}\ttindex{Py_SetProgramName()}, |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3765 \cfunction{PyEval_InitThreads()}\ttindex{PyEval_InitThreads()}, |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3766 \cfunction{PyEval_ReleaseLock()}\ttindex{PyEval_ReleaseLock()}, |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3767 and \cfunction{PyEval_AcquireLock()}\ttindex{PyEval_AcquireLock()}. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3768 This initializes the table of loaded modules (\code{sys.modules}), and |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3769 \withsubitem{(in module sys)}{\ttindex{modules}\ttindex{path}}creates the |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3770 fundamental modules \module{__builtin__}\refbimodindex{__builtin__}, |
|
7310
6095a472f574
Place C typedef for Py_complex after brief description, to be more consistent
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7309
diff
changeset
|
3771 \module{__main__}\refbimodindex{__main__} and |
|
6095a472f574
Place C typedef for Py_complex after brief description, to be more consistent
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7309
diff
changeset
|
3772 \module{sys}\refbimodindex{sys}. It also initializes the module |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3773 search\indexiii{module}{search}{path} path (\code{sys.path}). |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3774 It does not set \code{sys.argv}; use |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3775 \cfunction{PySys_SetArgv()}\ttindex{PySys_SetArgv()} for that. This |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3776 is a no-op when called for a second time (without calling |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3777 \cfunction{Py_Finalize()}\ttindex{Py_Finalize()} first). There is no |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3778 return value; it is a fatal error if the initialization fails. |
|
6382
16cd39805fd5
Checkpoint. Added docs for the new exception handling APIs and for
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6126
diff
changeset
|
3779 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
16cd39805fd5
Checkpoint. Added docs for the new exception handling APIs and for
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6126
diff
changeset
|
3780 |
|
16cd39805fd5
Checkpoint. Added docs for the new exception handling APIs and for
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6126
diff
changeset
|
3781 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{Py_IsInitialized}{} |
|
16cd39805fd5
Checkpoint. Added docs for the new exception handling APIs and for
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6126
diff
changeset
|
3782 Return true (nonzero) when the Python interpreter has been |
| 7308 | 3783 initialized, false (zero) if not. After \cfunction{Py_Finalize()} is |
| 3784 called, this returns false until \cfunction{Py_Initialize()} is called | |
|
6382
16cd39805fd5
Checkpoint. Added docs for the new exception handling APIs and for
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6126
diff
changeset
|
3785 again. |
|
6041
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
3786 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
3787 |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
3788 \begin{cfuncdesc}{void}{Py_Finalize}{} |
| 7308 | 3789 Undo all initializations made by \cfunction{Py_Initialize()} and |
| 3790 subsequent use of Python/C API functions, and destroy all | |
| 3791 sub-interpreters (see \cfunction{Py_NewInterpreter()} below) that were | |
| 3792 created and not yet destroyed since the last call to | |
| 3793 \cfunction{Py_Initialize()}. Ideally, this frees all memory allocated | |
| 3794 by the Python interpreter. This is a no-op when called for a second | |
| 3795 time (without calling \cfunction{Py_Initialize()} again first). There | |
| 3796 is no return value; errors during finalization are ignored. | |
|
6041
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
3797 |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
3798 This function is provided for a number of reasons. An embedding |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
3799 application might want to restart Python without having to restart the |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
3800 application itself. An application that has loaded the Python |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
3801 interpreter from a dynamically loadable library (or DLL) might want to |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
3802 free all memory allocated by Python before unloading the DLL. During a |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
3803 hunt for memory leaks in an application a developer might want to free |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
3804 all memory allocated by Python before exiting from the application. |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
3805 |
| 7308 | 3806 \strong{Bugs and caveats:} The destruction of modules and objects in |
|
6041
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
3807 modules is done in random order; this may cause destructors |
| 7308 | 3808 (\method{__del__()} methods) to fail when they depend on other objects |
|
6041
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
3809 (even functions) or modules. Dynamically loaded extension modules |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
3810 loaded by Python are not unloaded. Small amounts of memory allocated |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
3811 by the Python interpreter may not be freed (if you find a leak, please |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
3812 report it). Memory tied up in circular references between objects is |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
3813 not freed. Some memory allocated by extension modules may not be |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
3814 freed. Some extension may not work properly if their initialization |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
3815 routine is called more than once; this can happen if an applcation |
| 7308 | 3816 calls \cfunction{Py_Initialize()} and \cfunction{Py_Finalize()} more |
| 3817 than once. | |
|
6041
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
3818 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
3819 |
| 7782 | 3820 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyThreadState*}{Py_NewInterpreter}{} |
|
7310
6095a472f574
Place C typedef for Py_complex after brief description, to be more consistent
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7309
diff
changeset
|
3821 Create a new sub-interpreter. This is an (almost) totally separate |
|
6095a472f574
Place C typedef for Py_complex after brief description, to be more consistent
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7309
diff
changeset
|
3822 environment for the execution of Python code. In particular, the new |
|
6095a472f574
Place C typedef for Py_complex after brief description, to be more consistent
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7309
diff
changeset
|
3823 interpreter has separate, independent versions of all imported |
|
6095a472f574
Place C typedef for Py_complex after brief description, to be more consistent
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7309
diff
changeset
|
3824 modules, including the fundamental modules |
|
6095a472f574
Place C typedef for Py_complex after brief description, to be more consistent
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7309
diff
changeset
|
3825 \module{__builtin__}\refbimodindex{__builtin__}, |
|
6095a472f574
Place C typedef for Py_complex after brief description, to be more consistent
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7309
diff
changeset
|
3826 \module{__main__}\refbimodindex{__main__} and |
|
6095a472f574
Place C typedef for Py_complex after brief description, to be more consistent
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7309
diff
changeset
|
3827 \module{sys}\refbimodindex{sys}. The table of loaded modules |
|
6095a472f574
Place C typedef for Py_complex after brief description, to be more consistent
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7309
diff
changeset
|
3828 (\code{sys.modules}) and the module search path (\code{sys.path}) are |
|
6095a472f574
Place C typedef for Py_complex after brief description, to be more consistent
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7309
diff
changeset
|
3829 also separate. The new environment has no \code{sys.argv} variable. |
|
6095a472f574
Place C typedef for Py_complex after brief description, to be more consistent
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7309
diff
changeset
|
3830 It has new standard I/O stream file objects \code{sys.stdin}, |
|
6095a472f574
Place C typedef for Py_complex after brief description, to be more consistent
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7309
diff
changeset
|
3831 \code{sys.stdout} and \code{sys.stderr} (however these refer to the |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3832 same underlying \ctype{FILE} structures in the C library). |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3833 \withsubitem{(in module sys)}{ |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3834 \ttindex{stdout}\ttindex{stderr}\ttindex{stdin}} |
|
6041
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
3835 |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
3836 The return value points to the first thread state created in the new |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
3837 sub-interpreter. This thread state is made the current thread state. |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
3838 Note that no actual thread is created; see the discussion of thread |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
3839 states below. If creation of the new interpreter is unsuccessful, |
|
6653
c6c1d133677a
Several changes, e.g. restructuring of the intro to be closer to what
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6480
diff
changeset
|
3840 \NULL{} is returned; no exception is set since the exception state |
|
6041
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
3841 is stored in the current thread state and there may not be a current |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
3842 thread state. (Like all other Python/C API functions, the global |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
3843 interpreter lock must be held before calling this function and is |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
3844 still held when it returns; however, unlike most other Python/C API |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
3845 functions, there needn't be a current thread state on entry.) |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
3846 |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
3847 Extension modules are shared between (sub-)interpreters as follows: |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
3848 the first time a particular extension is imported, it is initialized |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
3849 normally, and a (shallow) copy of its module's dictionary is |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
3850 squirreled away. When the same extension is imported by another |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
3851 (sub-)interpreter, a new module is initialized and filled with the |
| 7308 | 3852 contents of this copy; the extension's \code{init} function is not |
| 3853 called. Note that this is different from what happens when an | |
| 3854 extension is imported after the interpreter has been completely | |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3855 re-initialized by calling |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3856 \cfunction{Py_Finalize()}\ttindex{Py_Finalize()} and |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3857 \cfunction{Py_Initialize()}\ttindex{Py_Initialize()}; in that case, |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3858 the extension's \code{init\var{module}} function \emph{is} called |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3859 again. |
|
6041
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
3860 |
| 7308 | 3861 \strong{Bugs and caveats:} Because sub-interpreters (and the main |
|
6041
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
3862 interpreter) are part of the same process, the insulation between them |
| 7308 | 3863 isn't perfect --- for example, using low-level file operations like |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3864 \withsubitem{(in module os)}{\ttindex{close()}} |
|
8120
068fea15cbcd
Convert recent additions to use new, "logical" markup.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
8109
diff
changeset
|
3865 \function{os.close()} they can (accidentally or maliciously) affect each |
|
6041
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
3866 other's open files. Because of the way extensions are shared between |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
3867 (sub-)interpreters, some extensions may not work properly; this is |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
3868 especially likely when the extension makes use of (static) global |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
3869 variables, or when the extension manipulates its module's dictionary |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
3870 after its initialization. It is possible to insert objects created in |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
3871 one sub-interpreter into a namespace of another sub-interpreter; this |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
3872 should be done with great care to avoid sharing user-defined |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
3873 functions, methods, instances or classes between sub-interpreters, |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
3874 since import operations executed by such objects may affect the |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
3875 wrong (sub-)interpreter's dictionary of loaded modules. (XXX This is |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
3876 a hard-to-fix bug that will be addressed in a future release.) |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
3877 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
3878 |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
3879 \begin{cfuncdesc}{void}{Py_EndInterpreter}{PyThreadState *tstate} |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
3880 Destroy the (sub-)interpreter represented by the given thread state. |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
3881 The given thread state must be the current thread state. See the |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
3882 discussion of thread states below. When the call returns, the current |
|
6653
c6c1d133677a
Several changes, e.g. restructuring of the intro to be closer to what
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6480
diff
changeset
|
3883 thread state is \NULL{}. All thread states associated with this |
|
6041
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
3884 interpreted are destroyed. (The global interpreter lock must be held |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
3885 before calling this function and is still held when it returns.) |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3886 \cfunction{Py_Finalize()}\ttindex{Py_Finalize()} will destroy all |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3887 sub-interpreters that haven't been explicitly destroyed at that point. |
|
6041
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
3888 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
3889 |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
3890 \begin{cfuncdesc}{void}{Py_SetProgramName}{char *name} |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3891 This function should be called before |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3892 \cfunction{Py_Initialize()}\ttindex{Py_Initialize()} is called |
|
6041
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
3893 for the first time, if it is called at all. It tells the interpreter |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3894 the value of the \code{argv[0]} argument to the |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3895 \cfunction{main()}\ttindex{main()} function of the program. This is |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3896 used by \cfunction{Py_GetPath()}\ttindex{Py_GetPath()} and some other |
|
6041
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
3897 functions below to find the Python run-time libraries relative to the |
|
12930
6618325574cb
Documented PySequence_List() and PySequence_Tuple().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12355
diff
changeset
|
3898 interpreter executable. The default value is \code{'python'}. The |
|
6041
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
3899 argument should point to a zero-terminated character string in static |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
3900 storage whose contents will not change for the duration of the |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
3901 program's execution. No code in the Python interpreter will change |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
3902 the contents of this storage. |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
3903 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
3904 |
| 7782 | 3905 \begin{cfuncdesc}{char*}{Py_GetProgramName}{} |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3906 Return the program name set with |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3907 \cfunction{Py_SetProgramName()}\ttindex{Py_SetProgramName()}, or the |
|
6041
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
3908 default. The returned string points into static storage; the caller |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
3909 should not modify its value. |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
3910 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
3911 |
| 7782 | 3912 \begin{cfuncdesc}{char*}{Py_GetPrefix}{} |
| 7308 | 3913 Return the \emph{prefix} for installed platform-independent files. This |
|
6041
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
3914 is derived through a number of complicated rules from the program name |
| 7308 | 3915 set with \cfunction{Py_SetProgramName()} and some environment variables; |
|
12930
6618325574cb
Documented PySequence_List() and PySequence_Tuple().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12355
diff
changeset
|
3916 for example, if the program name is \code{'/usr/local/bin/python'}, |
|
6618325574cb
Documented PySequence_List() and PySequence_Tuple().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12355
diff
changeset
|
3917 the prefix is \code{'/usr/local'}. The returned string points into |
|
6041
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
3918 static storage; the caller should not modify its value. This |
|
8021
3b91affa333e
In descriptions of Py_GetPrefix() and Py_GetExecPrefix(), make sure the
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7923
diff
changeset
|
3919 corresponds to the \makevar{prefix} variable in the top-level |
|
12930
6618325574cb
Documented PySequence_List() and PySequence_Tuple().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12355
diff
changeset
|
3920 \file{Makefile} and the \longprogramopt{prefix} argument to the |
| 7308 | 3921 \program{configure} script at build time. The value is available to |
| 7081 | 3922 Python code as \code{sys.prefix}. It is only useful on \UNIX{}. See |
|
6041
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
3923 also the next function. |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
3924 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
3925 |
| 7782 | 3926 \begin{cfuncdesc}{char*}{Py_GetExecPrefix}{} |
| 7308 | 3927 Return the \emph{exec-prefix} for installed platform-\emph{de}pendent |
|
6041
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
3928 files. This is derived through a number of complicated rules from the |
| 7308 | 3929 program name set with \cfunction{Py_SetProgramName()} and some environment |
|
6041
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
3930 variables; for example, if the program name is |
|
12930
6618325574cb
Documented PySequence_List() and PySequence_Tuple().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12355
diff
changeset
|
3931 \code{'/usr/local/bin/python'}, the exec-prefix is |
|
6618325574cb
Documented PySequence_List() and PySequence_Tuple().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12355
diff
changeset
|
3932 \code{'/usr/local'}. The returned string points into static storage; |
|
6041
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
3933 the caller should not modify its value. This corresponds to the |
|
8021
3b91affa333e
In descriptions of Py_GetPrefix() and Py_GetExecPrefix(), make sure the
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7923
diff
changeset
|
3934 \makevar{exec_prefix} variable in the top-level \file{Makefile} and the |
|
12930
6618325574cb
Documented PySequence_List() and PySequence_Tuple().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12355
diff
changeset
|
3935 \longprogramopt{exec-prefix} argument to the |
|
11453
a05a05602902
Missed a couple of program options that had been marked by \code.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
11451
diff
changeset
|
3936 \program{configure} script at build time. The value is available to |
|
a05a05602902
Missed a couple of program options that had been marked by \code.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
11451
diff
changeset
|
3937 Python code as \code{sys.exec_prefix}. It is only useful on \UNIX{}. |
|
6041
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
3938 |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
3939 Background: The exec-prefix differs from the prefix when platform |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
3940 dependent files (such as executables and shared libraries) are |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
3941 installed in a different directory tree. In a typical installation, |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
3942 platform dependent files may be installed in the |
|
12930
6618325574cb
Documented PySequence_List() and PySequence_Tuple().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12355
diff
changeset
|
3943 \file{/usr/local/plat} subtree while platform independent may be |
|
6618325574cb
Documented PySequence_List() and PySequence_Tuple().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12355
diff
changeset
|
3944 installed in \file{/usr/local}. |
|
6041
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
3945 |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
3946 Generally speaking, a platform is a combination of hardware and |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
3947 software families, e.g. Sparc machines running the Solaris 2.x |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
3948 operating system are considered the same platform, but Intel machines |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
3949 running Solaris 2.x are another platform, and Intel machines running |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
3950 Linux are yet another platform. Different major revisions of the same |
| 7081 | 3951 operating system generally also form different platforms. Non-\UNIX{} |
|
6041
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
3952 operating systems are a different story; the installation strategies |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
3953 on those systems are so different that the prefix and exec-prefix are |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
3954 meaningless, and set to the empty string. Note that compiled Python |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
3955 bytecode files are platform independent (but not independent from the |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
3956 Python version by which they were compiled!). |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
3957 |
| 7308 | 3958 System administrators will know how to configure the \program{mount} or |
|
12930
6618325574cb
Documented PySequence_List() and PySequence_Tuple().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12355
diff
changeset
|
3959 \program{automount} programs to share \file{/usr/local} between platforms |
|
6618325574cb
Documented PySequence_List() and PySequence_Tuple().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12355
diff
changeset
|
3960 while having \file{/usr/local/plat} be a different filesystem for each |
|
6041
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
3961 platform. |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
3962 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
3963 |
| 7782 | 3964 \begin{cfuncdesc}{char*}{Py_GetProgramFullPath}{} |
|
6041
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
3965 Return the full program name of the Python executable; this is |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
3966 computed as a side-effect of deriving the default module search path |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3967 from the program name (set by |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3968 \cfunction{Py_SetProgramName()}\ttindex{Py_SetProgramName()} above). |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3969 The returned string points into static storage; the caller should not |
|
6041
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
3970 modify its value. The value is available to Python code as |
|
6382
16cd39805fd5
Checkpoint. Added docs for the new exception handling APIs and for
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6126
diff
changeset
|
3971 \code{sys.executable}. |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3972 \withsubitem{(in module sys)}{\ttindex{executable}} |
|
6041
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
3973 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
3974 |
| 7782 | 3975 \begin{cfuncdesc}{char*}{Py_GetPath}{} |
|
7310
6095a472f574
Place C typedef for Py_complex after brief description, to be more consistent
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7309
diff
changeset
|
3976 \indexiii{module}{search}{path} |
|
6041
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
3977 Return the default module search path; this is computed from the |
| 7308 | 3978 program name (set by \cfunction{Py_SetProgramName()} above) and some |
|
6041
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
3979 environment variables. The returned string consists of a series of |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
3980 directory names separated by a platform dependent delimiter character. |
|
8120
068fea15cbcd
Convert recent additions to use new, "logical" markup.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
8109
diff
changeset
|
3981 The delimiter character is \character{:} on \UNIX{}, \character{;} on |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3982 DOS/Windows, and \character{\e n} (the \ASCII{} newline character) on |
| 7271 | 3983 Macintosh. The returned string points into static storage; the caller |
|
6041
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
3984 should not modify its value. The value is available to Python code |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3985 as the list \code{sys.path}\withsubitem{(in module sys)}{\ttindex{path}}, |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3986 which may be modified to change the future search path for loaded |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3987 modules. |
|
6041
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
3988 |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
3989 % XXX should give the exact rules |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
3990 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
3991 |
| 7782 | 3992 \begin{cfuncdesc}{const char*}{Py_GetVersion}{} |
|
6041
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
3993 Return the version of this Python interpreter. This is a string that |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
3994 looks something like |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
3995 |
|
6074
5e5e54a6dba6
Fixes to make it pass latex without complaints.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6041
diff
changeset
|
3996 \begin{verbatim} |
| 7308 | 3997 "1.5 (#67, Dec 31 1997, 22:34:28) [GCC 2.7.2.2]" |
|
6074
5e5e54a6dba6
Fixes to make it pass latex without complaints.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6041
diff
changeset
|
3998 \end{verbatim} |
|
6041
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
3999 |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4000 The first word (up to the first space character) is the current Python |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4001 version; the first three characters are the major and minor version |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4002 separated by a period. The returned string points into static storage; |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4003 the caller should not modify its value. The value is available to |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4004 Python code as the list \code{sys.version}. |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4005 \withsubitem{(in module sys)}{\ttindex{version}} |
|
6041
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4006 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4007 |
| 7782 | 4008 \begin{cfuncdesc}{const char*}{Py_GetPlatform}{} |
| 7081 | 4009 Return the platform identifier for the current platform. On \UNIX{}, |
|
6041
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4010 this is formed from the ``official'' name of the operating system, |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4011 converted to lower case, followed by the major revision number; e.g., |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4012 for Solaris 2.x, which is also known as SunOS 5.x, the value is |
|
12930
6618325574cb
Documented PySequence_List() and PySequence_Tuple().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12355
diff
changeset
|
4013 \code{'sunos5'}. On Macintosh, it is \code{'mac'}. On Windows, it |
|
6618325574cb
Documented PySequence_List() and PySequence_Tuple().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12355
diff
changeset
|
4014 is \code{'win'}. The returned string points into static storage; |
|
6041
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4015 the caller should not modify its value. The value is available to |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4016 Python code as \code{sys.platform}. |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4017 \withsubitem{(in module sys)}{\ttindex{platform}} |
|
6041
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4018 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4019 |
| 7782 | 4020 \begin{cfuncdesc}{const char*}{Py_GetCopyright}{} |
|
6041
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4021 Return the official copyright string for the current Python version, |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4022 for example |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4023 |
|
12930
6618325574cb
Documented PySequence_List() and PySequence_Tuple().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12355
diff
changeset
|
4024 \code{'Copyright 1991-1995 Stichting Mathematisch Centrum, Amsterdam'} |
|
6041
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4025 |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4026 The returned string points into static storage; the caller should not |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4027 modify its value. The value is available to Python code as the list |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4028 \code{sys.copyright}. |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4029 \withsubitem{(in module sys)}{\ttindex{copyright}} |
|
6041
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4030 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4031 |
| 7782 | 4032 \begin{cfuncdesc}{const char*}{Py_GetCompiler}{} |
|
6041
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4033 Return an indication of the compiler used to build the current Python |
| 7308 | 4034 version, in square brackets, for example: |
| 4035 | |
| 4036 \begin{verbatim} | |
| 4037 "[GCC 2.7.2.2]" | |
| 4038 \end{verbatim} | |
|
6041
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4039 |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4040 The returned string points into static storage; the caller should not |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4041 modify its value. The value is available to Python code as part of |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4042 the variable \code{sys.version}. |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4043 \withsubitem{(in module sys)}{\ttindex{version}} |
|
6041
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4044 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4045 |
| 7782 | 4046 \begin{cfuncdesc}{const char*}{Py_GetBuildInfo}{} |
|
6041
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4047 Return information about the sequence number and build date and time |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4048 of the current Python interpreter instance, for example |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4049 |
|
6074
5e5e54a6dba6
Fixes to make it pass latex without complaints.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6041
diff
changeset
|
4050 \begin{verbatim} |
|
5e5e54a6dba6
Fixes to make it pass latex without complaints.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6041
diff
changeset
|
4051 "#67, Aug 1 1997, 22:34:28" |
|
5e5e54a6dba6
Fixes to make it pass latex without complaints.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6041
diff
changeset
|
4052 \end{verbatim} |
|
6041
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4053 |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4054 The returned string points into static storage; the caller should not |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4055 modify its value. The value is available to Python code as part of |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4056 the variable \code{sys.version}. |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4057 \withsubitem{(in module sys)}{\ttindex{version}} |
|
6041
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4058 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4059 |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4060 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PySys_SetArgv}{int argc, char **argv} |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4061 Set \code{sys.argv} based on \var{argc} and \var{argv}. These |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4062 parameters are similar to those passed to the program's |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4063 \cfunction{main()}\ttindex{main()} function with the difference that |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4064 the first entry should refer to the script file to be executed rather |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4065 than the executable hosting the Python interpreter. If there isn't a |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4066 script that will be run, the first entry in \var{argv} can be an empty |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4067 string. If this function fails to initialize \code{sys.argv}, a fatal |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4068 condition is signalled using |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4069 \cfunction{Py_FatalError()}\ttindex{Py_FatalError()}. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4070 \withsubitem{(in module sys)}{\ttindex{argv}} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4071 % XXX impl. doesn't seem consistent in allowing 0/NULL for the params; |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4072 % check w/ Guido. |
|
6041
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4073 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4074 |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4075 % XXX Other PySys thingies (doesn't really belong in this chapter) |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4076 |
| 10163 | 4077 \section{Thread State and the Global Interpreter Lock |
| 4078 \label{threads}} | |
|
6041
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4079 |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4080 \index{global interpreter lock} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4081 \index{interpreter lock} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4082 \index{lock, interpreter} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4083 |
|
6390
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4084 The Python interpreter is not fully thread safe. In order to support |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4085 multi-threaded Python programs, there's a global lock that must be |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4086 held by the current thread before it can safely access Python objects. |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4087 Without the lock, even the simplest operations could cause problems in |
|
7422
2d508822e7f6
Fixed typo reported by Vladimir Marangozov <Vladimir.Marangozov@imag.fr>.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7314
diff
changeset
|
4088 a multi-threaded program: for example, when two threads simultaneously |
|
6390
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4089 increment the reference count of the same object, the reference count |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4090 could end up being incremented only once instead of twice. |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4091 |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4092 Therefore, the rule exists that only the thread that has acquired the |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4093 global interpreter lock may operate on Python objects or call Python/C |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4094 API functions. In order to support multi-threaded Python programs, |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4095 the interpreter regularly releases and reacquires the lock --- by |
|
6390
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4096 default, every ten bytecode instructions (this can be changed with |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4097 \withsubitem{(in module sys)}{\ttindex{setcheckinterval()}} |
| 7308 | 4098 \function{sys.setcheckinterval()}). The lock is also released and |
|
6390
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4099 reacquired around potentially blocking I/O operations like reading or |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4100 writing a file, so that other threads can run while the thread that |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4101 requests the I/O is waiting for the I/O operation to complete. |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4102 |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4103 The Python interpreter needs to keep some bookkeeping information |
| 7308 | 4104 separate per thread --- for this it uses a data structure called |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4105 \ctype{PyThreadState}\ttindex{PyThreadState}. This is new in Python |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4106 1.5; in earlier versions, such state was stored in global variables, |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4107 and switching threads could cause problems. In particular, exception |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4108 handling is now thread safe, when the application uses |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4109 \withsubitem{(in module sys)}{\ttindex{exc_info()}} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4110 \function{sys.exc_info()} to access the exception last raised in the |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4111 current thread. |
|
6390
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4112 |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4113 There's one global variable left, however: the pointer to the current |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4114 \ctype{PyThreadState}\ttindex{PyThreadState} structure. While most |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4115 thread packages have a way to store ``per-thread global data,'' |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4116 Python's internal platform independent thread abstraction doesn't |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4117 support this yet. Therefore, the current thread state must be |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4118 manipulated explicitly. |
|
6390
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4119 |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4120 This is easy enough in most cases. Most code manipulating the global |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4121 interpreter lock has the following simple structure: |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4122 |
|
6417
4491f84ac223
Change title to {Python/C API Reference Manual}; remove \bcode \ecode
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6390
diff
changeset
|
4123 \begin{verbatim} |
|
6390
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4124 Save the thread state in a local variable. |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4125 Release the interpreter lock. |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4126 ...Do some blocking I/O operation... |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4127 Reacquire the interpreter lock. |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4128 Restore the thread state from the local variable. |
|
6417
4491f84ac223
Change title to {Python/C API Reference Manual}; remove \bcode \ecode
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6390
diff
changeset
|
4129 \end{verbatim} |
|
6390
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4130 |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4131 This is so common that a pair of macros exists to simplify it: |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4132 |
|
6417
4491f84ac223
Change title to {Python/C API Reference Manual}; remove \bcode \ecode
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6390
diff
changeset
|
4133 \begin{verbatim} |
|
6390
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4134 Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4135 ...Do some blocking I/O operation... |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4136 Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS |
|
6417
4491f84ac223
Change title to {Python/C API Reference Manual}; remove \bcode \ecode
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6390
diff
changeset
|
4137 \end{verbatim} |
|
6390
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4138 |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4139 The \code{Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS}\ttindex{Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS} macro |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4140 opens a new block and declares a hidden local variable; the |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4141 \code{Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS}\ttindex{Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS} macro closes |
| 7308 | 4142 the block. Another advantage of using these two macros is that when |
| 4143 Python is compiled without thread support, they are defined empty, | |
| 4144 thus saving the thread state and lock manipulations. | |
|
6390
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4145 |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4146 When thread support is enabled, the block above expands to the |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4147 following code: |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4148 |
|
6417
4491f84ac223
Change title to {Python/C API Reference Manual}; remove \bcode \ecode
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6390
diff
changeset
|
4149 \begin{verbatim} |
|
6390
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4150 PyThreadState *_save; |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4151 |
|
6390
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4152 _save = PyEval_SaveThread(); |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4153 ...Do some blocking I/O operation... |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4154 PyEval_RestoreThread(_save); |
|
6417
4491f84ac223
Change title to {Python/C API Reference Manual}; remove \bcode \ecode
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6390
diff
changeset
|
4155 \end{verbatim} |
|
6390
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4156 |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4157 Using even lower level primitives, we can get roughly the same effect |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4158 as follows: |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4159 |
|
6417
4491f84ac223
Change title to {Python/C API Reference Manual}; remove \bcode \ecode
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6390
diff
changeset
|
4160 \begin{verbatim} |
|
6390
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4161 PyThreadState *_save; |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4162 |
|
6390
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4163 _save = PyThreadState_Swap(NULL); |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4164 PyEval_ReleaseLock(); |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4165 ...Do some blocking I/O operation... |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4166 PyEval_AcquireLock(); |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4167 PyThreadState_Swap(_save); |
|
6417
4491f84ac223
Change title to {Python/C API Reference Manual}; remove \bcode \ecode
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6390
diff
changeset
|
4168 \end{verbatim} |
|
6390
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4169 |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4170 There are some subtle differences; in particular, |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4171 \cfunction{PyEval_RestoreThread()}\ttindex{PyEval_RestoreThread()} saves |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4172 and restores the value of the global variable |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4173 \cdata{errno}\ttindex{errno}, since the lock manipulation does not |
|
8120
068fea15cbcd
Convert recent additions to use new, "logical" markup.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
8109
diff
changeset
|
4174 guarantee that \cdata{errno} is left alone. Also, when thread support |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4175 is disabled, |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4176 \cfunction{PyEval_SaveThread()}\ttindex{PyEval_SaveThread()} and |
| 7308 | 4177 \cfunction{PyEval_RestoreThread()} don't manipulate the lock; in this |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4178 case, \cfunction{PyEval_ReleaseLock()}\ttindex{PyEval_ReleaseLock()} and |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4179 \cfunction{PyEval_AcquireLock()}\ttindex{PyEval_AcquireLock()} are not |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4180 available. This is done so that dynamically loaded extensions |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4181 compiled with thread support enabled can be loaded by an interpreter |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4182 that was compiled with disabled thread support. |
|
6390
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4183 |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4184 The global interpreter lock is used to protect the pointer to the |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4185 current thread state. When releasing the lock and saving the thread |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4186 state, the current thread state pointer must be retrieved before the |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4187 lock is released (since another thread could immediately acquire the |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4188 lock and store its own thread state in the global variable). |
| 14926 | 4189 Conversely, when acquiring the lock and restoring the thread state, |
| 4190 the lock must be acquired before storing the thread state pointer. | |
|
6390
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4191 |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4192 Why am I going on with so much detail about this? Because when |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4193 threads are created from C, they don't have the global interpreter |
|
6390
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4194 lock, nor is there a thread state data structure for them. Such |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4195 threads must bootstrap themselves into existence, by first creating a |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4196 thread state data structure, then acquiring the lock, and finally |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4197 storing their thread state pointer, before they can start using the |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4198 Python/C API. When they are done, they should reset the thread state |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4199 pointer, release the lock, and finally free their thread state data |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4200 structure. |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4201 |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4202 When creating a thread data structure, you need to provide an |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4203 interpreter state data structure. The interpreter state data |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4204 structure hold global data that is shared by all threads in an |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4205 interpreter, for example the module administration |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4206 (\code{sys.modules}). Depending on your needs, you can either create |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4207 a new interpreter state data structure, or share the interpreter state |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4208 data structure used by the Python main thread (to access the latter, |
|
8120
068fea15cbcd
Convert recent additions to use new, "logical" markup.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
8109
diff
changeset
|
4209 you must obtain the thread state and access its \member{interp} member; |
|
6390
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4210 this must be done by a thread that is created by Python or by the main |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4211 thread after Python is initialized). |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4212 |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4213 |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4214 \begin{ctypedesc}{PyInterpreterState} |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4215 This data structure represents the state shared by a number of |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4216 cooperating threads. Threads belonging to the same interpreter |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4217 share their module administration and a few other internal items. |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4218 There are no public members in this structure. |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4219 |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4220 Threads belonging to different interpreters initially share nothing, |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4221 except process state like available memory, open file descriptors and |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4222 such. The global interpreter lock is also shared by all threads, |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4223 regardless of to which interpreter they belong. |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4224 \end{ctypedesc} |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4225 |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4226 \begin{ctypedesc}{PyThreadState} |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4227 This data structure represents the state of a single thread. The only |
|
8120
068fea15cbcd
Convert recent additions to use new, "logical" markup.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
8109
diff
changeset
|
4228 public data member is \ctype{PyInterpreterState *}\member{interp}, |
|
068fea15cbcd
Convert recent additions to use new, "logical" markup.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
8109
diff
changeset
|
4229 which points to this thread's interpreter state. |
|
6390
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4230 \end{ctypedesc} |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4231 |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4232 \begin{cfuncdesc}{void}{PyEval_InitThreads}{} |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4233 Initialize and acquire the global interpreter lock. It should be |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4234 called in the main thread before creating a second thread or engaging |
| 7308 | 4235 in any other thread operations such as |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4236 \cfunction{PyEval_ReleaseLock()}\ttindex{PyEval_ReleaseLock()} or |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4237 \code{PyEval_ReleaseThread(\var{tstate})}\ttindex{PyEval_ReleaseThread()}. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4238 It is not needed before calling |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4239 \cfunction{PyEval_SaveThread()}\ttindex{PyEval_SaveThread()} or |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4240 \cfunction{PyEval_RestoreThread()}\ttindex{PyEval_RestoreThread()}. |
|
6390
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4241 |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4242 This is a no-op when called for a second time. It is safe to call |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4243 this function before calling |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4244 \cfunction{Py_Initialize()}\ttindex{Py_Initialize()}. |
|
6390
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4245 |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4246 When only the main thread exists, no lock operations are needed. This |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4247 is a common situation (most Python programs do not use threads), and |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4248 the lock operations slow the interpreter down a bit. Therefore, the |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4249 lock is not created initially. This situation is equivalent to having |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4250 acquired the lock: when there is only a single thread, all object |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4251 accesses are safe. Therefore, when this function initializes the |
|
7310
6095a472f574
Place C typedef for Py_complex after brief description, to be more consistent
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7309
diff
changeset
|
4252 lock, it also acquires it. Before the Python |
|
6095a472f574
Place C typedef for Py_complex after brief description, to be more consistent
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7309
diff
changeset
|
4253 \module{thread}\refbimodindex{thread} module creates a new thread, |
|
6095a472f574
Place C typedef for Py_complex after brief description, to be more consistent
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7309
diff
changeset
|
4254 knowing that either it has the lock or the lock hasn't been created |
|
6095a472f574
Place C typedef for Py_complex after brief description, to be more consistent
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7309
diff
changeset
|
4255 yet, it calls \cfunction{PyEval_InitThreads()}. When this call |
|
6095a472f574
Place C typedef for Py_complex after brief description, to be more consistent
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7309
diff
changeset
|
4256 returns, it is guaranteed that the lock has been created and that it |
|
6095a472f574
Place C typedef for Py_complex after brief description, to be more consistent
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7309
diff
changeset
|
4257 has acquired it. |
|
6390
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4258 |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4259 It is \strong{not} safe to call this function when it is unknown which |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4260 thread (if any) currently has the global interpreter lock. |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4261 |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4262 This function is not available when thread support is disabled at |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4263 compile time. |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4264 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4265 |
|
6041
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4266 \begin{cfuncdesc}{void}{PyEval_AcquireLock}{} |
|
6390
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4267 Acquire the global interpreter lock. The lock must have been created |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4268 earlier. If this thread already has the lock, a deadlock ensues. |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4269 This function is not available when thread support is disabled at |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4270 compile time. |
|
6041
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4271 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4272 |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4273 \begin{cfuncdesc}{void}{PyEval_ReleaseLock}{} |
|
6390
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4274 Release the global interpreter lock. The lock must have been created |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4275 earlier. This function is not available when thread support is |
| 7308 | 4276 disabled at compile time. |
|
6041
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4277 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4278 |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4279 \begin{cfuncdesc}{void}{PyEval_AcquireThread}{PyThreadState *tstate} |
|
6390
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4280 Acquire the global interpreter lock and then set the current thread |
|
6653
c6c1d133677a
Several changes, e.g. restructuring of the intro to be closer to what
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6480
diff
changeset
|
4281 state to \var{tstate}, which should not be \NULL{}. The lock must |
|
6390
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4282 have been created earlier. If this thread already has the lock, |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4283 deadlock ensues. This function is not available when thread support |
| 7308 | 4284 is disabled at compile time. |
|
6041
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4285 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4286 |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4287 \begin{cfuncdesc}{void}{PyEval_ReleaseThread}{PyThreadState *tstate} |
|
6653
c6c1d133677a
Several changes, e.g. restructuring of the intro to be closer to what
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6480
diff
changeset
|
4288 Reset the current thread state to \NULL{} and release the global |
|
6390
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4289 interpreter lock. The lock must have been created earlier and must be |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4290 held by the current thread. The \var{tstate} argument, which must not |
|
6653
c6c1d133677a
Several changes, e.g. restructuring of the intro to be closer to what
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6480
diff
changeset
|
4291 be \NULL{}, is only used to check that it represents the current |
| 7308 | 4292 thread state --- if it isn't, a fatal error is reported. This |
| 4293 function is not available when thread support is disabled at compile | |
| 4294 time. | |
|
6041
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4295 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4296 |
| 7782 | 4297 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyThreadState*}{PyEval_SaveThread}{} |
|
6390
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4298 Release the interpreter lock (if it has been created and thread |
|
6653
c6c1d133677a
Several changes, e.g. restructuring of the intro to be closer to what
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6480
diff
changeset
|
4299 support is enabled) and reset the thread state to \NULL{}, |
|
c6c1d133677a
Several changes, e.g. restructuring of the intro to be closer to what
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6480
diff
changeset
|
4300 returning the previous thread state (which is not \NULL{}). If |
|
6390
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4301 the lock has been created, the current thread must have acquired it. |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4302 (This function is available even when thread support is disabled at |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4303 compile time.) |
|
6041
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4304 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4305 |
|
6390
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4306 \begin{cfuncdesc}{void}{PyEval_RestoreThread}{PyThreadState *tstate} |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4307 Acquire the interpreter lock (if it has been created and thread |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4308 support is enabled) and set the thread state to \var{tstate}, which |
|
6653
c6c1d133677a
Several changes, e.g. restructuring of the intro to be closer to what
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6480
diff
changeset
|
4309 must not be \NULL{}. If the lock has been created, the current |
|
6390
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4310 thread must not have acquired it, otherwise deadlock ensues. (This |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4311 function is available even when thread support is disabled at compile |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4312 time.) |
|
6041
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4313 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4314 |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4315 The following macros are normally used without a trailing semicolon; |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4316 look for example usage in the Python source distribution. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4317 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4318 \begin{csimplemacrodesc}{Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS} |
|
6390
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4319 This macro expands to |
| 7308 | 4320 \samp{\{ PyThreadState *_save; _save = PyEval_SaveThread();}. |
|
6390
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4321 Note that it contains an opening brace; it must be matched with a |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4322 following \code{Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS} macro. See above for further |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4323 discussion of this macro. It is a no-op when thread support is |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4324 disabled at compile time. |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4325 \end{csimplemacrodesc} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4326 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4327 \begin{csimplemacrodesc}{Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS} |
|
6390
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4328 This macro expands to |
| 7308 | 4329 \samp{PyEval_RestoreThread(_save); \}}. |
|
6390
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4330 Note that it contains a closing brace; it must be matched with an |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4331 earlier \code{Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS} macro. See above for further |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4332 discussion of this macro. It is a no-op when thread support is |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4333 disabled at compile time. |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4334 \end{csimplemacrodesc} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4335 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4336 \begin{csimplemacrodesc}{Py_BEGIN_BLOCK_THREADS} |
| 7308 | 4337 This macro expands to \samp{PyEval_RestoreThread(_save);} i.e. it |
|
6390
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4338 is equivalent to \code{Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS} without the closing |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4339 brace. It is a no-op when thread support is disabled at compile |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4340 time. |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4341 \end{csimplemacrodesc} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4342 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4343 \begin{csimplemacrodesc}{Py_BEGIN_UNBLOCK_THREADS} |
| 7308 | 4344 This macro expands to \samp{_save = PyEval_SaveThread();} i.e. it is |
|
6390
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4345 equivalent to \code{Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS} without the opening brace |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4346 and variable declaration. It is a no-op when thread support is |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4347 disabled at compile time. |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4348 \end{csimplemacrodesc} |
|
6390
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4349 |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4350 All of the following functions are only available when thread support |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4351 is enabled at compile time, and must be called only when the |
|
7314
d23bb969e63a
Removed various "(New in 1.5a?!)" constructs. Other notes pertaining to
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7310
diff
changeset
|
4352 interpreter lock has been created. |
|
6390
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4353 |
| 7782 | 4354 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyInterpreterState*}{PyInterpreterState_New}{} |
|
8881
febca6b1827d
Clarify that the Python interpreter lock need *not* be held by
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
8782
diff
changeset
|
4355 Create a new interpreter state object. The interpreter lock need not |
|
febca6b1827d
Clarify that the Python interpreter lock need *not* be held by
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
8782
diff
changeset
|
4356 be held, but may be held if it is necessary to serialize calls to this |
|
febca6b1827d
Clarify that the Python interpreter lock need *not* be held by
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
8782
diff
changeset
|
4357 function. |
|
6041
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4358 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4359 |
|
6390
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4360 \begin{cfuncdesc}{void}{PyInterpreterState_Clear}{PyInterpreterState *interp} |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4361 Reset all information in an interpreter state object. The interpreter |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4362 lock must be held. |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4363 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4364 |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4365 \begin{cfuncdesc}{void}{PyInterpreterState_Delete}{PyInterpreterState *interp} |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4366 Destroy an interpreter state object. The interpreter lock need not be |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4367 held. The interpreter state must have been reset with a previous |
| 7308 | 4368 call to \cfunction{PyInterpreterState_Clear()}. |
|
6390
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4369 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4370 |
| 7782 | 4371 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyThreadState*}{PyThreadState_New}{PyInterpreterState *interp} |
|
6390
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4372 Create a new thread state object belonging to the given interpreter |
|
8881
febca6b1827d
Clarify that the Python interpreter lock need *not* be held by
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
8782
diff
changeset
|
4373 object. The interpreter lock need not be held, but may be held if it |
|
febca6b1827d
Clarify that the Python interpreter lock need *not* be held by
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
8782
diff
changeset
|
4374 is necessary to serialize calls to this function. |
|
6390
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4375 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4376 |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4377 \begin{cfuncdesc}{void}{PyThreadState_Clear}{PyThreadState *tstate} |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4378 Reset all information in a thread state object. The interpreter lock |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4379 must be held. |
|
6041
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4380 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4381 |
|
6390
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4382 \begin{cfuncdesc}{void}{PyThreadState_Delete}{PyThreadState *tstate} |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4383 Destroy a thread state object. The interpreter lock need not be |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4384 held. The thread state must have been reset with a previous |
| 7308 | 4385 call to \cfunction{PyThreadState_Clear()}. |
|
6390
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4386 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4387 |
| 7782 | 4388 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyThreadState*}{PyThreadState_Get}{} |
|
6390
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4389 Return the current thread state. The interpreter lock must be held. |
|
6653
c6c1d133677a
Several changes, e.g. restructuring of the intro to be closer to what
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6480
diff
changeset
|
4390 When the current thread state is \NULL{}, this issues a fatal |
|
6991
f349bf0e9322
A whole bunch of typos fixed by Andrew Kuchling.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6653
diff
changeset
|
4391 error (so that the caller needn't check for \NULL{}). |
|
6390
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4392 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4393 |
| 7782 | 4394 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyThreadState*}{PyThreadState_Swap}{PyThreadState *tstate} |
|
6390
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4395 Swap the current thread state with the thread state given by the |
|
6653
c6c1d133677a
Several changes, e.g. restructuring of the intro to be closer to what
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6480
diff
changeset
|
4396 argument \var{tstate}, which may be \NULL{}. The interpreter lock |
|
6390
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4397 must be held. |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4398 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4399 |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4400 |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4401 \chapter{Memory Management \label{memory}} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4402 \sectionauthor{Vladimir Marangozov}{Vladimir.Marangozov@inrialpes.fr} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4403 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4404 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4405 \section{Overview \label{memoryOverview}} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4406 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4407 Memory management in Python involves a private heap containing all |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4408 Python objects and data structures. The management of this private |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4409 heap is ensured internally by the \emph{Python memory manager}. The |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4410 Python memory manager has different components which deal with various |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4411 dynamic storage management aspects, like sharing, segmentation, |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4412 preallocation or caching. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4413 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4414 At the lowest level, a raw memory allocator ensures that there is |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4415 enough room in the private heap for storing all Python-related data |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4416 by interacting with the memory manager of the operating system. On top |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4417 of the raw memory allocator, several object-specific allocators |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4418 operate on the same heap and implement distinct memory management |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4419 policies adapted to the peculiarities of every object type. For |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4420 example, integer objects are managed differently within the heap than |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4421 strings, tuples or dictionaries because integers imply different |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4422 storage requirements and speed/space tradeoffs. The Python memory |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4423 manager thus delegates some of the work to the object-specific |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4424 allocators, but ensures that the latter operate within the bounds of |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4425 the private heap. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4426 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4427 It is important to understand that the management of the Python heap |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4428 is performed by the interpreter itself and that the user has no |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4429 control on it, even if she regularly manipulates object pointers to |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4430 memory blocks inside that heap. The allocation of heap space for |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4431 Python objects and other internal buffers is performed on demand by |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4432 the Python memory manager through the Python/C API functions listed in |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4433 this document. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4434 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4435 To avoid memory corruption, extension writers should never try to |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4436 operate on Python objects with the functions exported by the C |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4437 library: \cfunction{malloc()}\ttindex{malloc()}, |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4438 \cfunction{calloc()}\ttindex{calloc()}, |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4439 \cfunction{realloc()}\ttindex{realloc()} and |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4440 \cfunction{free()}\ttindex{free()}. This will result in |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4441 mixed calls between the C allocator and the Python memory manager |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4442 with fatal consequences, because they implement different algorithms |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4443 and operate on different heaps. However, one may safely allocate and |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4444 release memory blocks with the C library allocator for individual |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4445 purposes, as shown in the following example: |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4446 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4447 \begin{verbatim} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4448 PyObject *res; |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4449 char *buf = (char *) malloc(BUFSIZ); /* for I/O */ |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4450 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4451 if (buf == NULL) |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4452 return PyErr_NoMemory(); |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4453 ...Do some I/O operation involving buf... |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4454 res = PyString_FromString(buf); |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4455 free(buf); /* malloc'ed */ |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4456 return res; |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4457 \end{verbatim} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4458 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4459 In this example, the memory request for the I/O buffer is handled by |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4460 the C library allocator. The Python memory manager is involved only |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4461 in the allocation of the string object returned as a result. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4462 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4463 In most situations, however, it is recommended to allocate memory from |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4464 the Python heap specifically because the latter is under control of |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4465 the Python memory manager. For example, this is required when the |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4466 interpreter is extended with new object types written in C. Another |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4467 reason for using the Python heap is the desire to \emph{inform} the |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4468 Python memory manager about the memory needs of the extension module. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4469 Even when the requested memory is used exclusively for internal, |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4470 highly-specific purposes, delegating all memory requests to the Python |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4471 memory manager causes the interpreter to have a more accurate image of |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4472 its memory footprint as a whole. Consequently, under certain |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4473 circumstances, the Python memory manager may or may not trigger |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4474 appropriate actions, like garbage collection, memory compaction or |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4475 other preventive procedures. Note that by using the C library |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4476 allocator as shown in the previous example, the allocated memory for |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4477 the I/O buffer escapes completely the Python memory manager. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4478 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4479 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4480 \section{Memory Interface \label{memoryInterface}} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4481 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4482 The following function sets, modeled after the ANSI C standard, are |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4483 available for allocating and releasing memory from the Python heap: |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4484 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4485 |
|
13920
d057cd543ed9
ANY becomes void, to reflect the requirement for ANSI C.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
13592
diff
changeset
|
4486 \begin{cfuncdesc}{void*}{PyMem_Malloc}{size_t n} |
|
d057cd543ed9
ANY becomes void, to reflect the requirement for ANSI C.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
13592
diff
changeset
|
4487 Allocates \var{n} bytes and returns a pointer of type \ctype{void*} to |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4488 the allocated memory, or \NULL{} if the request fails. Requesting zero |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4489 bytes returns a non-\NULL{} pointer. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4490 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4491 |
|
13920
d057cd543ed9
ANY becomes void, to reflect the requirement for ANSI C.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
13592
diff
changeset
|
4492 \begin{cfuncdesc}{void*}{PyMem_Realloc}{void *p, size_t n} |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4493 Resizes the memory block pointed to by \var{p} to \var{n} bytes. The |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4494 contents will be unchanged to the minimum of the old and the new |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4495 sizes. If \var{p} is \NULL{}, the call is equivalent to |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4496 \cfunction{PyMem_Malloc(\var{n})}; if \var{n} is equal to zero, the memory block |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4497 is resized but is not freed, and the returned pointer is non-\NULL{}. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4498 Unless \var{p} is \NULL{}, it must have been returned by a previous |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4499 call to \cfunction{PyMem_Malloc()} or \cfunction{PyMem_Realloc()}. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4500 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4501 |
|
13920
d057cd543ed9
ANY becomes void, to reflect the requirement for ANSI C.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
13592
diff
changeset
|
4502 \begin{cfuncdesc}{void}{PyMem_Free}{void *p} |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4503 Frees the memory block pointed to by \var{p}, which must have been |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4504 returned by a previous call to \cfunction{PyMem_Malloc()} or |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4505 \cfunction{PyMem_Realloc()}. Otherwise, or if |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4506 \cfunction{PyMem_Free(p)} has been called before, undefined behaviour |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4507 occurs. If \var{p} is \NULL{}, no operation is performed. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4508 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4509 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4510 The following type-oriented macros are provided for convenience. Note |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4511 that \var{TYPE} refers to any C type. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4512 |
|
14526
ff4ae691be9b
Vladimir Marangozov <Vladimir.Marangozov@inrialpes.fr>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14519
diff
changeset
|
4513 \begin{cfuncdesc}{\var{TYPE}*}{PyMem_New}{TYPE, size_t n} |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4514 Same as \cfunction{PyMem_Malloc()}, but allocates \code{(\var{n} * |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4515 sizeof(\var{TYPE}))} bytes of memory. Returns a pointer cast to |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4516 \ctype{\var{TYPE}*}. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4517 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4518 |
|
14526
ff4ae691be9b
Vladimir Marangozov <Vladimir.Marangozov@inrialpes.fr>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14519
diff
changeset
|
4519 \begin{cfuncdesc}{\var{TYPE}*}{PyMem_Resize}{void *p, TYPE, size_t n} |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4520 Same as \cfunction{PyMem_Realloc()}, but the memory block is resized |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4521 to \code{(\var{n} * sizeof(\var{TYPE}))} bytes. Returns a pointer |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4522 cast to \ctype{\var{TYPE}*}. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4523 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4524 |
|
14526
ff4ae691be9b
Vladimir Marangozov <Vladimir.Marangozov@inrialpes.fr>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14519
diff
changeset
|
4525 \begin{cfuncdesc}{void}{PyMem_Del}{void *p} |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4526 Same as \cfunction{PyMem_Free()}. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4527 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4528 |
|
14526
ff4ae691be9b
Vladimir Marangozov <Vladimir.Marangozov@inrialpes.fr>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14519
diff
changeset
|
4529 In addition, the following macro sets are provided for calling the |
|
ff4ae691be9b
Vladimir Marangozov <Vladimir.Marangozov@inrialpes.fr>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14519
diff
changeset
|
4530 Python memory allocator directly, without involving the C API functions |
|
ff4ae691be9b
Vladimir Marangozov <Vladimir.Marangozov@inrialpes.fr>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14519
diff
changeset
|
4531 listed above. However, note that their use does not preserve binary |
|
ff4ae691be9b
Vladimir Marangozov <Vladimir.Marangozov@inrialpes.fr>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14519
diff
changeset
|
4532 compatibility accross Python versions and is therefore deprecated in |
|
ff4ae691be9b
Vladimir Marangozov <Vladimir.Marangozov@inrialpes.fr>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14519
diff
changeset
|
4533 extension modules. |
|
ff4ae691be9b
Vladimir Marangozov <Vladimir.Marangozov@inrialpes.fr>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14519
diff
changeset
|
4534 |
|
ff4ae691be9b
Vladimir Marangozov <Vladimir.Marangozov@inrialpes.fr>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14519
diff
changeset
|
4535 \cfunction{PyMem_MALLOC()}, \cfunction{PyMem_REALLOC()}, \cfunction{PyMem_FREE()}. |
|
ff4ae691be9b
Vladimir Marangozov <Vladimir.Marangozov@inrialpes.fr>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14519
diff
changeset
|
4536 |
|
ff4ae691be9b
Vladimir Marangozov <Vladimir.Marangozov@inrialpes.fr>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14519
diff
changeset
|
4537 \cfunction{PyMem_NEW()}, \cfunction{PyMem_RESIZE()}, \cfunction{PyMem_DEL()}. |
|
ff4ae691be9b
Vladimir Marangozov <Vladimir.Marangozov@inrialpes.fr>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14519
diff
changeset
|
4538 |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4539 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4540 \section{Examples \label{memoryExamples}} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4541 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4542 Here is the example from section \ref{memoryOverview}, rewritten so |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4543 that the I/O buffer is allocated from the Python heap by using the |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4544 first function set: |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4545 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4546 \begin{verbatim} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4547 PyObject *res; |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4548 char *buf = (char *) PyMem_Malloc(BUFSIZ); /* for I/O */ |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4549 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4550 if (buf == NULL) |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4551 return PyErr_NoMemory(); |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4552 /* ...Do some I/O operation involving buf... */ |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4553 res = PyString_FromString(buf); |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4554 PyMem_Free(buf); /* allocated with PyMem_Malloc */ |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4555 return res; |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4556 \end{verbatim} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4557 |
|
14526
ff4ae691be9b
Vladimir Marangozov <Vladimir.Marangozov@inrialpes.fr>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14519
diff
changeset
|
4558 The same code using the type-oriented function set: |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4559 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4560 \begin{verbatim} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4561 PyObject *res; |
|
14526
ff4ae691be9b
Vladimir Marangozov <Vladimir.Marangozov@inrialpes.fr>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14519
diff
changeset
|
4562 char *buf = PyMem_New(char, BUFSIZ); /* for I/O */ |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4563 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4564 if (buf == NULL) |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4565 return PyErr_NoMemory(); |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4566 /* ...Do some I/O operation involving buf... */ |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4567 res = PyString_FromString(buf); |
|
14526
ff4ae691be9b
Vladimir Marangozov <Vladimir.Marangozov@inrialpes.fr>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14519
diff
changeset
|
4568 PyMem_Del(buf); /* allocated with PyMem_New */ |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4569 return res; |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4570 \end{verbatim} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4571 |
|
14526
ff4ae691be9b
Vladimir Marangozov <Vladimir.Marangozov@inrialpes.fr>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14519
diff
changeset
|
4572 Note that in the two examples above, the buffer is always |
|
ff4ae691be9b
Vladimir Marangozov <Vladimir.Marangozov@inrialpes.fr>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14519
diff
changeset
|
4573 manipulated via functions belonging to the same set. Indeed, it |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4574 is required to use the same memory API family for a given |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4575 memory block, so that the risk of mixing different allocators is |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4576 reduced to a minimum. The following code sequence contains two errors, |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4577 one of which is labeled as \emph{fatal} because it mixes two different |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4578 allocators operating on different heaps. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4579 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4580 \begin{verbatim} |
|
14526
ff4ae691be9b
Vladimir Marangozov <Vladimir.Marangozov@inrialpes.fr>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14519
diff
changeset
|
4581 char *buf1 = PyMem_New(char, BUFSIZ); |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4582 char *buf2 = (char *) malloc(BUFSIZ); |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4583 char *buf3 = (char *) PyMem_Malloc(BUFSIZ); |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4584 ... |
|
14526
ff4ae691be9b
Vladimir Marangozov <Vladimir.Marangozov@inrialpes.fr>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14519
diff
changeset
|
4585 PyMem_Del(buf3); /* Wrong -- should be PyMem_Free() */ |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4586 free(buf2); /* Right -- allocated via malloc() */ |
|
14526
ff4ae691be9b
Vladimir Marangozov <Vladimir.Marangozov@inrialpes.fr>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14519
diff
changeset
|
4587 free(buf1); /* Fatal -- should be PyMem_Del() */ |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4588 \end{verbatim} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4589 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4590 In addition to the functions aimed at handling raw memory blocks from |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4591 the Python heap, objects in Python are allocated and released with |
|
14526
ff4ae691be9b
Vladimir Marangozov <Vladimir.Marangozov@inrialpes.fr>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14519
diff
changeset
|
4592 \cfunction{PyObject_New()}, \cfunction{PyObject_NewVar()} and |
|
ff4ae691be9b
Vladimir Marangozov <Vladimir.Marangozov@inrialpes.fr>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14519
diff
changeset
|
4593 \cfunction{PyObject_Del()}, or with their corresponding macros |
|
ff4ae691be9b
Vladimir Marangozov <Vladimir.Marangozov@inrialpes.fr>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14519
diff
changeset
|
4594 \cfunction{PyObject_NEW()}, \cfunction{PyObject_NEW_VAR()} and |
|
13217
e2aee6190b19
Uncomment some additions from Vladimir pertinent to 2.0 but not 1.5.2.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
13150
diff
changeset
|
4595 \cfunction{PyObject_DEL()}. |
|
e2aee6190b19
Uncomment some additions from Vladimir pertinent to 2.0 but not 1.5.2.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
13150
diff
changeset
|
4596 |
|
e2aee6190b19
Uncomment some additions from Vladimir pertinent to 2.0 but not 1.5.2.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
13150
diff
changeset
|
4597 These will be explained in the next chapter on defining and |
|
e2aee6190b19
Uncomment some additions from Vladimir pertinent to 2.0 but not 1.5.2.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
13150
diff
changeset
|
4598 implementing new object types in C. |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4599 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4600 |
| 10163 | 4601 \chapter{Defining New Object Types \label{newTypes}} |
| 7308 | 4602 |
| 7782 | 4603 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{_PyObject_New}{PyTypeObject *type} |
| 7308 | 4604 \end{cfuncdesc} |
| 4605 | |
|
14526
ff4ae691be9b
Vladimir Marangozov <Vladimir.Marangozov@inrialpes.fr>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14519
diff
changeset
|
4606 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyVarObject*}{_PyObject_NewVar}{PyTypeObject *type, int size} |
|
ff4ae691be9b
Vladimir Marangozov <Vladimir.Marangozov@inrialpes.fr>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14519
diff
changeset
|
4607 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
ff4ae691be9b
Vladimir Marangozov <Vladimir.Marangozov@inrialpes.fr>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14519
diff
changeset
|
4608 |
|
ff4ae691be9b
Vladimir Marangozov <Vladimir.Marangozov@inrialpes.fr>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14519
diff
changeset
|
4609 \begin{cfuncdesc}{void}{_PyObject_Del}{PyObject *op} |
|
ff4ae691be9b
Vladimir Marangozov <Vladimir.Marangozov@inrialpes.fr>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14519
diff
changeset
|
4610 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
ff4ae691be9b
Vladimir Marangozov <Vladimir.Marangozov@inrialpes.fr>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14519
diff
changeset
|
4611 |
|
ff4ae691be9b
Vladimir Marangozov <Vladimir.Marangozov@inrialpes.fr>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14519
diff
changeset
|
4612 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyObject_Init}{PyObject *op, |
|
ff4ae691be9b
Vladimir Marangozov <Vladimir.Marangozov@inrialpes.fr>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14519
diff
changeset
|
4613 PyTypeObject *type} |
|
ff4ae691be9b
Vladimir Marangozov <Vladimir.Marangozov@inrialpes.fr>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14519
diff
changeset
|
4614 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
ff4ae691be9b
Vladimir Marangozov <Vladimir.Marangozov@inrialpes.fr>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14519
diff
changeset
|
4615 |
|
ff4ae691be9b
Vladimir Marangozov <Vladimir.Marangozov@inrialpes.fr>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14519
diff
changeset
|
4616 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyVarObject*}{PyObject_InitVar}{PyVarObject *op, |
|
ff4ae691be9b
Vladimir Marangozov <Vladimir.Marangozov@inrialpes.fr>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14519
diff
changeset
|
4617 PyTypeObject *type, int size} |
|
ff4ae691be9b
Vladimir Marangozov <Vladimir.Marangozov@inrialpes.fr>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14519
diff
changeset
|
4618 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
ff4ae691be9b
Vladimir Marangozov <Vladimir.Marangozov@inrialpes.fr>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14519
diff
changeset
|
4619 |
|
ff4ae691be9b
Vladimir Marangozov <Vladimir.Marangozov@inrialpes.fr>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14519
diff
changeset
|
4620 \begin{cfuncdesc}{\var{TYPE}*}{PyObject_New}{TYPE, PyTypeObject *type} |
|
ff4ae691be9b
Vladimir Marangozov <Vladimir.Marangozov@inrialpes.fr>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14519
diff
changeset
|
4621 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
ff4ae691be9b
Vladimir Marangozov <Vladimir.Marangozov@inrialpes.fr>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14519
diff
changeset
|
4622 |
|
ff4ae691be9b
Vladimir Marangozov <Vladimir.Marangozov@inrialpes.fr>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14519
diff
changeset
|
4623 \begin{cfuncdesc}{\var{TYPE}*}{PyObject_NewVar}{TYPE, PyTypeObject *type, |
|
ff4ae691be9b
Vladimir Marangozov <Vladimir.Marangozov@inrialpes.fr>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14519
diff
changeset
|
4624 int size} |
|
ff4ae691be9b
Vladimir Marangozov <Vladimir.Marangozov@inrialpes.fr>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14519
diff
changeset
|
4625 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
ff4ae691be9b
Vladimir Marangozov <Vladimir.Marangozov@inrialpes.fr>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14519
diff
changeset
|
4626 |
|
ff4ae691be9b
Vladimir Marangozov <Vladimir.Marangozov@inrialpes.fr>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14519
diff
changeset
|
4627 \begin{cfuncdesc}{void}{PyObject_Del}{PyObject *op} |
|
ff4ae691be9b
Vladimir Marangozov <Vladimir.Marangozov@inrialpes.fr>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14519
diff
changeset
|
4628 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
ff4ae691be9b
Vladimir Marangozov <Vladimir.Marangozov@inrialpes.fr>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14519
diff
changeset
|
4629 |
|
ff4ae691be9b
Vladimir Marangozov <Vladimir.Marangozov@inrialpes.fr>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14519
diff
changeset
|
4630 \begin{cfuncdesc}{\var{TYPE}*}{PyObject_NEW}{TYPE, PyTypeObject *type} |
|
ff4ae691be9b
Vladimir Marangozov <Vladimir.Marangozov@inrialpes.fr>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14519
diff
changeset
|
4631 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
ff4ae691be9b
Vladimir Marangozov <Vladimir.Marangozov@inrialpes.fr>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14519
diff
changeset
|
4632 |
|
ff4ae691be9b
Vladimir Marangozov <Vladimir.Marangozov@inrialpes.fr>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14519
diff
changeset
|
4633 \begin{cfuncdesc}{\var{TYPE}*}{PyObject_NEW_VAR}{TYPE, PyTypeObject *type, |
|
ff4ae691be9b
Vladimir Marangozov <Vladimir.Marangozov@inrialpes.fr>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14519
diff
changeset
|
4634 int size} |
|
ff4ae691be9b
Vladimir Marangozov <Vladimir.Marangozov@inrialpes.fr>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14519
diff
changeset
|
4635 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
ff4ae691be9b
Vladimir Marangozov <Vladimir.Marangozov@inrialpes.fr>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14519
diff
changeset
|
4636 |
|
ff4ae691be9b
Vladimir Marangozov <Vladimir.Marangozov@inrialpes.fr>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14519
diff
changeset
|
4637 \begin{cfuncdesc}{void}{PyObject_DEL}{PyObject *op} |
| 7308 | 4638 \end{cfuncdesc} |
| 4639 | |
|
8057
5aacdd097941
Some patches by Drew Csillag; plus a few of my own uncommitted changes.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
8029
diff
changeset
|
4640 Py_InitModule (!!!) |
|
5aacdd097941
Some patches by Drew Csillag; plus a few of my own uncommitted changes.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
8029
diff
changeset
|
4641 |
|
5aacdd097941
Some patches by Drew Csillag; plus a few of my own uncommitted changes.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
8029
diff
changeset
|
4642 PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords, PyArg_ParseTuple, PyArg_Parse |
|
5aacdd097941
Some patches by Drew Csillag; plus a few of my own uncommitted changes.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
8029
diff
changeset
|
4643 |
|
5aacdd097941
Some patches by Drew Csillag; plus a few of my own uncommitted changes.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
8029
diff
changeset
|
4644 Py_BuildValue |
|
5588
53cdf94b652b
Just another checkin for backup. Nothing substantial yet.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
5536
diff
changeset
|
4645 |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4646 DL_IMPORT |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4647 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4648 Py*_Check |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4649 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4650 _Py_NoneStruct |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4651 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4652 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4653 \section{Common Object Structures \label{common-structs}} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4654 |
|
5588
53cdf94b652b
Just another checkin for backup. Nothing substantial yet.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
5536
diff
changeset
|
4655 PyObject, PyVarObject |
|
53cdf94b652b
Just another checkin for backup. Nothing substantial yet.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
5536
diff
changeset
|
4656 |
|
53cdf94b652b
Just another checkin for backup. Nothing substantial yet.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
5536
diff
changeset
|
4657 PyObject_HEAD, PyObject_HEAD_INIT, PyObject_VAR_HEAD |
|
53cdf94b652b
Just another checkin for backup. Nothing substantial yet.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
5536
diff
changeset
|
4658 |
|
53cdf94b652b
Just another checkin for backup. Nothing substantial yet.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
5536
diff
changeset
|
4659 Typedefs: |
|
53cdf94b652b
Just another checkin for backup. Nothing substantial yet.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
5536
diff
changeset
|
4660 unaryfunc, binaryfunc, ternaryfunc, inquiry, coercion, intargfunc, |
|
53cdf94b652b
Just another checkin for backup. Nothing substantial yet.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
5536
diff
changeset
|
4661 intintargfunc, intobjargproc, intintobjargproc, objobjargproc, |
|
53cdf94b652b
Just another checkin for backup. Nothing substantial yet.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
5536
diff
changeset
|
4662 destructor, printfunc, getattrfunc, getattrofunc, setattrfunc, |
|
53cdf94b652b
Just another checkin for backup. Nothing substantial yet.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
5536
diff
changeset
|
4663 setattrofunc, cmpfunc, reprfunc, hashfunc |
|
53cdf94b652b
Just another checkin for backup. Nothing substantial yet.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
5536
diff
changeset
|
4664 |
|
12930
6618325574cb
Documented PySequence_List() and PySequence_Tuple().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12355
diff
changeset
|
4665 \begin{ctypedesc}{PyCFunction} |
|
6618325574cb
Documented PySequence_List() and PySequence_Tuple().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12355
diff
changeset
|
4666 Type of the functions used to implement most Python callables in C. |
|
6618325574cb
Documented PySequence_List() and PySequence_Tuple().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12355
diff
changeset
|
4667 \end{ctypedesc} |
|
6618325574cb
Documented PySequence_List() and PySequence_Tuple().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12355
diff
changeset
|
4668 |
|
6618325574cb
Documented PySequence_List() and PySequence_Tuple().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12355
diff
changeset
|
4669 \begin{ctypedesc}{PyMethodDef} |
|
6618325574cb
Documented PySequence_List() and PySequence_Tuple().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12355
diff
changeset
|
4670 Structure used to describe a method of an extension type. This |
|
6618325574cb
Documented PySequence_List() and PySequence_Tuple().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12355
diff
changeset
|
4671 structure has four fields: |
|
6618325574cb
Documented PySequence_List() and PySequence_Tuple().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12355
diff
changeset
|
4672 |
|
6618325574cb
Documented PySequence_List() and PySequence_Tuple().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12355
diff
changeset
|
4673 \begin{tableiii}{l|l|l}{member}{Field}{C Type}{Meaning} |
|
6618325574cb
Documented PySequence_List() and PySequence_Tuple().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12355
diff
changeset
|
4674 \lineiii{ml_name}{char *}{name of the method} |
|
6618325574cb
Documented PySequence_List() and PySequence_Tuple().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12355
diff
changeset
|
4675 \lineiii{ml_meth}{PyCFunction}{pointer to the C implementation} |
|
6618325574cb
Documented PySequence_List() and PySequence_Tuple().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12355
diff
changeset
|
4676 \lineiii{ml_flags}{int}{flag bits indicating how the call should be |
|
6618325574cb
Documented PySequence_List() and PySequence_Tuple().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12355
diff
changeset
|
4677 constructed} |
|
6618325574cb
Documented PySequence_List() and PySequence_Tuple().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12355
diff
changeset
|
4678 \lineiii{ml_doc}{char *}{points to the contents of the docstring} |
|
6618325574cb
Documented PySequence_List() and PySequence_Tuple().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12355
diff
changeset
|
4679 \end{tableiii} |
|
6618325574cb
Documented PySequence_List() and PySequence_Tuple().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12355
diff
changeset
|
4680 \end{ctypedesc} |
|
6618325574cb
Documented PySequence_List() and PySequence_Tuple().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12355
diff
changeset
|
4681 |
|
6618325574cb
Documented PySequence_List() and PySequence_Tuple().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12355
diff
changeset
|
4682 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{Py_FindMethod}{PyMethodDef[] table, |
|
6618325574cb
Documented PySequence_List() and PySequence_Tuple().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12355
diff
changeset
|
4683 PyObject *ob, char *name} |
|
6618325574cb
Documented PySequence_List() and PySequence_Tuple().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12355
diff
changeset
|
4684 Return a bound method object for an extension type implemented in C. |
|
6618325574cb
Documented PySequence_List() and PySequence_Tuple().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12355
diff
changeset
|
4685 This function also handles the special attribute \member{__methods__}, |
|
6618325574cb
Documented PySequence_List() and PySequence_Tuple().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12355
diff
changeset
|
4686 returning a list of all the method names defined in \var{table}. |
|
6618325574cb
Documented PySequence_List() and PySequence_Tuple().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12355
diff
changeset
|
4687 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
6618325574cb
Documented PySequence_List() and PySequence_Tuple().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12355
diff
changeset
|
4688 |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4689 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4690 \section{Mapping Object Structures \label{mapping-structs}} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4691 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4692 \begin{ctypedesc}{PyMappingMethods} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4693 Structure used to hold pointers to the functions used to implement the |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4694 mapping protocol for an extension type. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4695 \end{ctypedesc} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4696 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4697 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4698 \section{Number Object Structures \label{number-structs}} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4699 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4700 \begin{ctypedesc}{PyNumberMethods} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4701 Structure used to hold pointers to the functions an extension type |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4702 uses to implement the number protocol. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4703 \end{ctypedesc} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4704 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4705 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4706 \section{Sequence Object Structures \label{sequence-structs}} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4707 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4708 \begin{ctypedesc}{PySequenceMethods} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4709 Structure used to hold pointers to the functions which an object uses |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4710 to implement the sequence protocol. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4711 \end{ctypedesc} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4712 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4713 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4714 \section{Buffer Object Structures \label{buffer-structs}} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4715 \sectionauthor{Greg J. Stein}{greg@lyra.org} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4716 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4717 The buffer interface exports a model where an object can expose its |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4718 internal data as a set of chunks of data, where each chunk is |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4719 specified as a pointer/length pair. These chunks are called |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4720 \dfn{segments} and are presumed to be non-contiguous in memory. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4721 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4722 If an object does not export the buffer interface, then its |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4723 \member{tp_as_buffer} member in the \ctype{PyTypeObject} structure |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4724 should be \NULL{}. Otherwise, the \member{tp_as_buffer} will point to |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4725 a \ctype{PyBufferProcs} structure. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4726 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4727 \strong{Note:} It is very important that your |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4728 \ctype{PyTypeObject} structure uses \code{Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT} for the |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4729 value of the \member{tp_flags} member rather than \code{0}. This |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4730 tells the Python runtime that your \ctype{PyBufferProcs} structure |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4731 contains the \member{bf_getcharbuffer} slot. Older versions of Python |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4732 did not have this member, so a new Python interpreter using an old |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4733 extension needs to be able to test for its presence before using it. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4734 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4735 \begin{ctypedesc}{PyBufferProcs} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4736 Structure used to hold the function pointers which define an |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4737 implementation of the buffer protocol. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4738 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4739 The first slot is \member{bf_getreadbuffer}, of type |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4740 \ctype{getreadbufferproc}. If this slot is \NULL{}, then the object |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4741 does not support reading from the internal data. This is |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4742 non-sensical, so implementors should fill this in, but callers should |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4743 test that the slot contains a non-\NULL{} value. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4744 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4745 The next slot is \member{bf_getwritebuffer} having type |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4746 \ctype{getwritebufferproc}. This slot may be \NULL{} if the object |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4747 does not allow writing into its returned buffers. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4748 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4749 The third slot is \member{bf_getsegcount}, with type |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4750 \ctype{getsegcountproc}. This slot must not be \NULL{} and is used to |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4751 inform the caller how many segments the object contains. Simple |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4752 objects such as \ctype{PyString_Type} and |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4753 \ctype{PyBuffer_Type} objects contain a single segment. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4754 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4755 The last slot is \member{bf_getcharbuffer}, of type |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4756 \ctype{getcharbufferproc}. This slot will only be present if the |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4757 \code{Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GETCHARBUFFER} flag is present in the |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4758 \member{tp_flags} field of the object's \ctype{PyTypeObject}. Before using |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4759 this slot, the caller should test whether it is present by using the |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4760 \cfunction{PyType_HasFeature()}\ttindex{PyType_HasFeature()} function. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4761 If present, it may be \NULL, indicating that the object's contents |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4762 cannot be used as \emph{8-bit characters}. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4763 The slot function may also raise an error if the object's contents |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4764 cannot be interpreted as 8-bit characters. For example, if the object |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4765 is an array which is configured to hold floating point values, an |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4766 exception may be raised if a caller attempts to use |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4767 \member{bf_getcharbuffer} to fetch a sequence of 8-bit characters. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4768 This notion of exporting the internal buffers as ``text'' is used to |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4769 distinguish between objects that are binary in nature, and those which |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4770 have character-based content. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4771 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4772 \strong{Note:} The current policy seems to state that these characters |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4773 may be multi-byte characters. This implies that a buffer size of |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4774 \var{N} does not mean there are \var{N} characters present. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4775 \end{ctypedesc} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4776 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4777 \begin{datadesc}{Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GETCHARBUFFER} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4778 Flag bit set in the type structure to indicate that the |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4779 \member{bf_getcharbuffer} slot is known. This being set does not |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4780 indicate that the object supports the buffer interface or that the |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4781 \member{bf_getcharbuffer} slot is non-\NULL. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4782 \end{datadesc} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4783 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4784 \begin{ctypedesc}[getreadbufferproc]{int (*getreadbufferproc) |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4785 (PyObject *self, int segment, void **ptrptr)} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4786 Return a pointer to a readable segment of the buffer. This function |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4787 is allowed to raise an exception, in which case it must return |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4788 \code{-1}. The \var{segment} which is passed must be zero or |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4789 positive, and strictly less than the number of segments returned by |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4790 the \member{bf_getsegcount} slot function. On success, returns |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4791 \code{0} and sets \code{*\var{ptrptr}} to a pointer to the buffer |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4792 memory. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4793 \end{ctypedesc} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4794 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4795 \begin{ctypedesc}[getwritebufferproc]{int (*getwritebufferproc) |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4796 (PyObject *self, int segment, void **ptrptr)} |
|
11176
64b15e9091a9
Started documentation on buffer objects & types. Very preliminary.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
11168
diff
changeset
|
4797 Return a pointer to a writable memory buffer in \code{*\var{ptrptr}}; |
|
64b15e9091a9
Started documentation on buffer objects & types. Very preliminary.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
11168
diff
changeset
|
4798 the memory buffer must correspond to buffer segment \var{segment}. |
|
64b15e9091a9
Started documentation on buffer objects & types. Very preliminary.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
11168
diff
changeset
|
4799 Must return \code{-1} and set an exception on error. |
|
64b15e9091a9
Started documentation on buffer objects & types. Very preliminary.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
11168
diff
changeset
|
4800 \exception{TypeError} should be raised if the object only supports |
|
64b15e9091a9
Started documentation on buffer objects & types. Very preliminary.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
11168
diff
changeset
|
4801 read-only buffers, and \exception{SystemError} should be raised when |
|
64b15e9091a9
Started documentation on buffer objects & types. Very preliminary.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
11168
diff
changeset
|
4802 \var{segment} specifies a segment that doesn't exist. |
|
64b15e9091a9
Started documentation on buffer objects & types. Very preliminary.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
11168
diff
changeset
|
4803 % Why doesn't it raise ValueError for this one? |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4804 % GJS: because you shouldn't be calling it with an invalid |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4805 % segment. That indicates a blatant programming error in the C |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4806 % code. |
|
11176
64b15e9091a9
Started documentation on buffer objects & types. Very preliminary.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
11168
diff
changeset
|
4807 \end{ctypedesc} |
|
64b15e9091a9
Started documentation on buffer objects & types. Very preliminary.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
11168
diff
changeset
|
4808 |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4809 \begin{ctypedesc}[getsegcountproc]{int (*getsegcountproc) |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4810 (PyObject *self, int *lenp)} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4811 Return the number of memory segments which comprise the buffer. If |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4812 \var{lenp} is not \NULL, the implementation must report the sum of the |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4813 sizes (in bytes) of all segments in \code{*\var{lenp}}. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4814 The function cannot fail. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4815 \end{ctypedesc} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4816 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4817 \begin{ctypedesc}[getcharbufferproc]{int (*getcharbufferproc) |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4818 (PyObject *self, int segment, const char **ptrptr)} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4819 \end{ctypedesc} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4820 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4821 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4822 % \chapter{Debugging \label{debugging}} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4823 % |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4824 % XXX Explain Py_DEBUG, Py_TRACE_REFS, Py_REF_DEBUG. |
|
6991
f349bf0e9322
A whole bunch of typos fixed by Andrew Kuchling.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6653
diff
changeset
|
4825 |
|
f349bf0e9322
A whole bunch of typos fixed by Andrew Kuchling.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6653
diff
changeset
|
4826 |
|
14736
2b9a890162b0
Include the new text on reporting bugs in a few useful places.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14696
diff
changeset
|
4827 \appendix |
|
2b9a890162b0
Include the new text on reporting bugs in a few useful places.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14696
diff
changeset
|
4828 \chapter{Reporting Bugs} |
|
2b9a890162b0
Include the new text on reporting bugs in a few useful places.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14696
diff
changeset
|
4829 \input{reportingbugs} |
|
2b9a890162b0
Include the new text on reporting bugs in a few useful places.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14696
diff
changeset
|
4830 |
|
7708
4991aaab17bd
Revert the index stuff to work better with LaTeX2HTML.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7620
diff
changeset
|
4831 \input{api.ind} % Index -- must be last |
|
5536
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4832 |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
4833 \end{document} |