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Issue #16194: document imp.load_dynamic problems when read several extension modules from the same binary object file.
author Andrew Svetlov <andrew.svetlov@gmail.com>
date Thu, 29 Nov 2012 19:51:28 +0200
parents 02842ecd8e5b
children
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1 The Python Debugger Pdb
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2 =======================
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3
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4 To use the debugger in its simplest form:
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5
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6 >>> import pdb
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7 >>> pdb.run('<a statement>')
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8
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9 The debugger's prompt is '(Pdb) '. This will stop in the first
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10 function call in <a statement>.
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11
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12 Alternatively, if a statement terminated with an unhandled exception,
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13 you can use pdb's post-mortem facility to inspect the contents of the
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14 traceback:
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15
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16 >>> <a statement>
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17 <exception traceback>
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18 >>> import pdb
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19 >>> pdb.pm()
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20
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21 The commands recognized by the debugger are listed in the next
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22 section. Most can be abbreviated as indicated; e.g., h(elp) means
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23 that 'help' can be typed as 'h' or 'help' (but not as 'he' or 'hel',
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24 nor as 'H' or 'Help' or 'HELP'). Optional arguments are enclosed in
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25 square brackets.
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26
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27 A blank line repeats the previous command literally, except for
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28 'list', where it lists the next 11 lines.
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30 Commands that the debugger doesn't recognize are assumed to be Python
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31 statements and are executed in the context of the program being
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32 debugged. Python statements can also be prefixed with an exclamation
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33 point ('!'). This is a powerful way to inspect the program being
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34 debugged; it is even possible to change variables. When an exception
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35 occurs in such a statement, the exception name is printed but the
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36 debugger's state is not changed.
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37
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38 The debugger supports aliases, which can save typing. And aliases can
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39 have parameters (see the alias help entry) which allows one a certain
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40 level of adaptability to the context under examination.
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42 Multiple commands may be entered on a single line, separated by the
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43 pair ';;'. No intelligence is applied to separating the commands; the
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44 input is split at the first ';;', even if it is in the middle of a
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45 quoted string.
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46
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47 If a file ".pdbrc" exists in your home directory or in the current
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48 directory, it is read in and executed as if it had been typed at the
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49 debugger prompt. This is particularly useful for aliases. If both
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50 files exist, the one in the home directory is read first and aliases
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51 defined there can be overriden by the local file.
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53 Aside from aliases, the debugger is not directly programmable; but it
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54 is implemented as a class from which you can derive your own debugger
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55 class, which you can make as fancy as you like.
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58 Debugger commands
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59 =================
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60
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61 h(elp)
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62 Without argument, print the list of available commands. With
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63 a command name as argument, print help about that command
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64 (this is currently not implemented).
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66 w(here)
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67 Print a stack trace, with the most recent frame at the bottom.
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68 An arrow indicates the "current frame", which determines the
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69 context of most commands.
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71 d(own)
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72 Move the current frame one level down in the stack trace
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73 (to a newer frame).
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75 u(p)
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76 Move the current frame one level up in the stack trace
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77 (to an older frame).
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78
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79 b(reak) [ ([filename:]lineno | function) [, condition] ]
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80 With a filename:line number argument, set a break there. If
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81 filename is omitted, use the current file. With a function
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82 name, set a break at the first executable line of that
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83 function. Without argument, list all breaks. Each breakpoint
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84 is assigned a number to which all the other breakpoint
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85 commands refer.
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86
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87 The condition argument, if present, is a string which must
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88 evaluate to true in order for the breakpoint to be honored.
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89
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90 tbreak [ ([filename:]lineno | function) [, condition] ]
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91 Temporary breakpoint, which is removed automatically when it
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92 is first hit. The arguments are the same as break.
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93
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94 cl(ear) [bpnumber [bpnumber ...] ]
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95 With a space separated list of breakpoint numbers, clear those
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96 breakpoints. Without argument, clear all breaks (but first
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97 ask confirmation).
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98
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99 disable bpnumber [bpnumber ...]
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100 Disables the breakpoints given as a space separated list of
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101 breakpoint numbers. Disabling a breakpoint means it cannot
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102 cause the program to stop execution, but unlike clearing a
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103 breakpoint, it remains in the list of breakpoints and can be
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104 (re-)enabled.
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106 enable bpnumber [bpnumber ...]
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107 Enables the breakpoints specified.
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108
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109 ignore bpnumber count
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110 Sets the ignore count for the given breakpoint number. If
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111 count is omitted, the ignore count is set to 0. A breakpoint
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112 becomes active when the ignore count is zero. When non-zero,
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113 the count is decremented each time the breakpoint is reached
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114 and the breakpoint is not disabled and any associated
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115 condition evaluates to true.
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116
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117 condition bpnumber condition
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118 condition is an expression which must evaluate to true before
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119 the breakpoint is honored. If condition is absent, any
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120 existing condition is removed; i.e., the breakpoint is made
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121 unconditional.
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122
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123 s(tep)
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124 Execute the current line, stop at the first possible occasion
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125 (either in a function that is called or in the current function).
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126
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127 n(ext)
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128 Continue execution until the next line in the current function
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129 is reached or it returns.
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130
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131 unt(il)
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132 Continue execution until the line with a number greater than the
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133 current one is reached or until the current frame returns.
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134
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135 r(eturn)
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136 Continue execution until the current function returns.
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137
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138 run [args...]
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139 Restart the debugged python program. If a string is supplied it is
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140 splitted with "shlex", and the result is used as the new sys.argv.
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141 History, breakpoints, actions and debugger options are preserved.
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142 "restart" is an alias for "run".
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143
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144 c(ont(inue))
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145 Continue execution, only stop when a breakpoint is encountered.
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146
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147 l(ist) [first [,last]]
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148 List source code for the current file.
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149 Without arguments, list 11 lines around the current line
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150 or continue the previous listing.
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151 With one argument, list 11 lines starting at that line.
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152 With two arguments, list the given range;
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153 if the second argument is less than the first, it is a count.
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155 a(rgs)
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156 Print the argument list of the current function.
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157
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158 p expression
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159 Print the value of the expression.
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160
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161 (!) statement
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162 Execute the (one-line) statement in the context of the current
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163 stack frame. The exclamation point can be omitted unless the
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164 first word of the statement resembles a debugger command. To
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165 assign to a global variable you must always prefix the command
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166 with a 'global' command, e.g.:
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167 (Pdb) global list_options; list_options = ['-l']
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168 (Pdb)
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169
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170
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171 whatis arg
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172 Prints the type of the argument.
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173
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174 alias [name [command]]
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175 Creates an alias called 'name' that executes 'command'. The
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176 command must *not* be enclosed in quotes. Replaceable
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177 parameters can be indicated by %1, %2, and so on, while %* is
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178 replaced by all the parameters. If no command is given, the
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179 current alias for name is shown. If no name is given, all
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180 aliases are listed.
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181
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182 Aliases may be nested and can contain anything that can be
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183 legally typed at the pdb prompt. Note! You *can* override
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184 internal pdb commands with aliases! Those internal commands
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185 are then hidden until the alias is removed. Aliasing is
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186 recursively applied to the first word of the command line; all
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187 other words in the line are left alone.
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188
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189 As an example, here are two useful aliases (especially when
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190 placed in the .pdbrc file):
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191
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192 #Print instance variables (usage "pi classInst")
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193 alias pi for k in %1.__dict__.keys(): print "%1.",k,"=",%1.__dict__[k]
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194 #Print instance variables in self
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195 alias ps pi self
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196
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197 unalias name
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198 Deletes the specified alias.
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199
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200 q(uit)
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201 Quit from the debugger.
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202 The program being executed is aborted.