Mercurial > cpython-lru_cache-weakref
annotate Lib/tempfile.py @ 80661:94de77bd0b4b 2.7
Issue #16194: document imp.load_dynamic problems
when read several extension modules from the same binary object file.
| author | Andrew Svetlov <andrew.svetlov@gmail.com> |
|---|---|
| date | Thu, 29 Nov 2012 19:51:28 +0200 |
| parents | e42be90eb9c5 |
| children | 5c2ff6e64c47 |
| rev | line source |
|---|---|
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1 """Temporary files. |
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2 |
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3 This module provides generic, low- and high-level interfaces for |
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4 creating temporary files and directories. The interfaces listed |
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5 as "safe" just below can be used without fear of race conditions. |
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6 Those listed as "unsafe" cannot, and are provided for backward |
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7 compatibility only. |
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8 |
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9 This module also provides some data items to the user: |
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10 |
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11 TMP_MAX - maximum number of names that will be tried before |
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12 giving up. |
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13 template - the default prefix for all temporary names. |
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14 You may change this to control the default prefix. |
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15 tempdir - If this is set to a string before the first use of |
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16 any routine from this module, it will be considered as |
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17 another candidate location to store temporary files. |
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18 """ |
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19 |
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20 __all__ = [ |
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21 "NamedTemporaryFile", "TemporaryFile", # high level safe interfaces |
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22 "SpooledTemporaryFile", |
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23 "mkstemp", "mkdtemp", # low level safe interfaces |
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24 "mktemp", # deprecated unsafe interface |
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25 "TMP_MAX", "gettempprefix", # constants |
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26 "tempdir", "gettempdir" |
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27 ] |
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28 |
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29 |
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30 # Imports. |
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31 |
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32 import os as _os |
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33 import errno as _errno |
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34 from random import Random as _Random |
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35 |
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36 try: |
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37 from cStringIO import StringIO as _StringIO |
| 46585 | 38 except ImportError: |
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39 from StringIO import StringIO as _StringIO |
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40 |
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41 try: |
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42 import fcntl as _fcntl |
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43 except ImportError: |
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44 def _set_cloexec(fd): |
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45 pass |
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46 else: |
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47 def _set_cloexec(fd): |
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48 try: |
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49 flags = _fcntl.fcntl(fd, _fcntl.F_GETFD, 0) |
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50 except IOError: |
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51 pass |
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52 else: |
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53 # flags read successfully, modify |
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54 flags |= _fcntl.FD_CLOEXEC |
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55 _fcntl.fcntl(fd, _fcntl.F_SETFD, flags) |
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56 |
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57 |
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58 try: |
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59 import thread as _thread |
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60 except ImportError: |
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61 import dummy_thread as _thread |
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62 _allocate_lock = _thread.allocate_lock |
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63 |
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64 _text_openflags = _os.O_RDWR | _os.O_CREAT | _os.O_EXCL |
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65 if hasattr(_os, 'O_NOINHERIT'): |
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66 _text_openflags |= _os.O_NOINHERIT |
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67 if hasattr(_os, 'O_NOFOLLOW'): |
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68 _text_openflags |= _os.O_NOFOLLOW |
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69 |
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70 _bin_openflags = _text_openflags |
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71 if hasattr(_os, 'O_BINARY'): |
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72 _bin_openflags |= _os.O_BINARY |
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73 |
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74 if hasattr(_os, 'TMP_MAX'): |
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75 TMP_MAX = _os.TMP_MAX |
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76 else: |
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77 TMP_MAX = 10000 |
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78 |
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79 template = "tmp" |
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80 |
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81 # Internal routines. |
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82 |
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83 _once_lock = _allocate_lock() |
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84 |
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85 if hasattr(_os, "lstat"): |
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86 _stat = _os.lstat |
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87 elif hasattr(_os, "stat"): |
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88 _stat = _os.stat |
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89 else: |
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90 # Fallback. All we need is something that raises os.error if the |
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91 # file doesn't exist. |
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92 def _stat(fn): |
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93 try: |
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94 f = open(fn) |
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95 except IOError: |
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96 raise _os.error |
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97 f.close() |
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98 |
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99 def _exists(fn): |
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100 try: |
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101 _stat(fn) |
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102 except _os.error: |
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103 return False |
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104 else: |
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105 return True |
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107 class _RandomNameSequence: |
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108 """An instance of _RandomNameSequence generates an endless |
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109 sequence of unpredictable strings which can safely be incorporated |
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110 into file names. Each string is six characters long. Multiple |
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111 threads can safely use the same instance at the same time. |
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112 |
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113 _RandomNameSequence is an iterator.""" |
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115 characters = ("abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz" + |
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116 "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ" + |
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117 "0123456789_") |
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118 |
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119 def __init__(self): |
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120 self.mutex = _allocate_lock() |
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121 self.normcase = _os.path.normcase |
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123 @property |
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124 def rng(self): |
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125 cur_pid = _os.getpid() |
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126 if cur_pid != getattr(self, '_rng_pid', None): |
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127 self._rng = _Random() |
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128 self._rng_pid = cur_pid |
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129 return self._rng |
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130 |
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131 def __iter__(self): |
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132 return self |
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133 |
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134 def next(self): |
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135 m = self.mutex |
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136 c = self.characters |
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137 choose = self.rng.choice |
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138 |
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139 m.acquire() |
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140 try: |
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141 letters = [choose(c) for dummy in "123456"] |
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142 finally: |
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143 m.release() |
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144 |
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145 return self.normcase(''.join(letters)) |
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146 |
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147 def _candidate_tempdir_list(): |
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148 """Generate a list of candidate temporary directories which |
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149 _get_default_tempdir will try.""" |
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150 |
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151 dirlist = [] |
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152 |
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153 # First, try the environment. |
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154 for envname in 'TMPDIR', 'TEMP', 'TMP': |
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155 dirname = _os.getenv(envname) |
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156 if dirname: dirlist.append(dirname) |
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157 |
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158 # Failing that, try OS-specific locations. |
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159 if _os.name == 'riscos': |
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160 dirname = _os.getenv('Wimp$ScrapDir') |
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161 if dirname: dirlist.append(dirname) |
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162 elif _os.name == 'nt': |
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163 dirlist.extend([ r'c:\temp', r'c:\tmp', r'\temp', r'\tmp' ]) |
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164 else: |
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165 dirlist.extend([ '/tmp', '/var/tmp', '/usr/tmp' ]) |
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166 |
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167 # As a last resort, the current directory. |
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168 try: |
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169 dirlist.append(_os.getcwd()) |
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170 except (AttributeError, _os.error): |
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171 dirlist.append(_os.curdir) |
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172 |
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173 return dirlist |
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174 |
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175 def _get_default_tempdir(): |
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176 """Calculate the default directory to use for temporary files. |
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177 This routine should be called exactly once. |
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178 |
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179 We determine whether or not a candidate temp dir is usable by |
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180 trying to create and write to a file in that directory. If this |
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181 is successful, the test file is deleted. To prevent denial of |
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182 service, the name of the test file must be randomized.""" |
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183 |
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184 namer = _RandomNameSequence() |
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185 dirlist = _candidate_tempdir_list() |
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186 flags = _text_openflags |
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187 |
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188 for dir in dirlist: |
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189 if dir != _os.curdir: |
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190 dir = _os.path.normcase(_os.path.abspath(dir)) |
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191 # Try only a few names per directory. |
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192 for seq in xrange(100): |
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193 name = namer.next() |
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194 filename = _os.path.join(dir, name) |
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195 try: |
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196 fd = _os.open(filename, flags, 0600) |
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197 fp = _os.fdopen(fd, 'w') |
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198 fp.write('blat') |
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199 fp.close() |
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200 _os.unlink(filename) |
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201 del fp, fd |
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202 return dir |
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203 except (OSError, IOError), e: |
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204 if e[0] != _errno.EEXIST: |
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205 break # no point trying more names in this directory |
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206 pass |
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207 raise IOError, (_errno.ENOENT, |
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208 ("No usable temporary directory found in %s" % dirlist)) |
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210 _name_sequence = None |
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211 |
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212 def _get_candidate_names(): |
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213 """Common setup sequence for all user-callable interfaces.""" |
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214 |
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215 global _name_sequence |
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216 if _name_sequence is None: |
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217 _once_lock.acquire() |
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218 try: |
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219 if _name_sequence is None: |
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220 _name_sequence = _RandomNameSequence() |
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221 finally: |
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222 _once_lock.release() |
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223 return _name_sequence |
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224 |
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225 |
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226 def _mkstemp_inner(dir, pre, suf, flags): |
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227 """Code common to mkstemp, TemporaryFile, and NamedTemporaryFile.""" |
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228 |
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229 names = _get_candidate_names() |
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230 |
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231 for seq in xrange(TMP_MAX): |
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232 name = names.next() |
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233 file = _os.path.join(dir, pre + name + suf) |
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234 try: |
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235 fd = _os.open(file, flags, 0600) |
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236 _set_cloexec(fd) |
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237 return (fd, _os.path.abspath(file)) |
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238 except OSError, e: |
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239 if e.errno == _errno.EEXIST: |
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240 continue # try again |
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241 raise |
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242 |
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243 raise IOError, (_errno.EEXIST, "No usable temporary file name found") |
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244 |
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245 |
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246 # User visible interfaces. |
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247 |
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248 def gettempprefix(): |
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249 """Accessor for tempdir.template.""" |
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250 return template |
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252 tempdir = None |
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253 |
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254 def gettempdir(): |
| 46585 | 255 """Accessor for tempfile.tempdir.""" |
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256 global tempdir |
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257 if tempdir is None: |
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258 _once_lock.acquire() |
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259 try: |
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260 if tempdir is None: |
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261 tempdir = _get_default_tempdir() |
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262 finally: |
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263 _once_lock.release() |
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264 return tempdir |
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265 |
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266 def mkstemp(suffix="", prefix=template, dir=None, text=False): |
| 46585 | 267 """User-callable function to create and return a unique temporary |
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268 file. The return value is a pair (fd, name) where fd is the |
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269 file descriptor returned by os.open, and name is the filename. |
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270 |
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271 If 'suffix' is specified, the file name will end with that suffix, |
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272 otherwise there will be no suffix. |
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273 |
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274 If 'prefix' is specified, the file name will begin with that prefix, |
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275 otherwise a default prefix is used. |
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276 |
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277 If 'dir' is specified, the file will be created in that directory, |
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278 otherwise a default directory is used. |
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279 |
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280 If 'text' is specified and true, the file is opened in text |
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281 mode. Else (the default) the file is opened in binary mode. On |
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282 some operating systems, this makes no difference. |
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283 |
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284 The file is readable and writable only by the creating user ID. |
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285 If the operating system uses permission bits to indicate whether a |
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286 file is executable, the file is executable by no one. The file |
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287 descriptor is not inherited by children of this process. |
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288 |
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289 Caller is responsible for deleting the file when done with it. |
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290 """ |
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291 |
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292 if dir is None: |
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293 dir = gettempdir() |
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294 |
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295 if text: |
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296 flags = _text_openflags |
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297 else: |
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298 flags = _bin_openflags |
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299 |
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300 return _mkstemp_inner(dir, prefix, suffix, flags) |
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301 |
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303 def mkdtemp(suffix="", prefix=template, dir=None): |
| 46585 | 304 """User-callable function to create and return a unique temporary |
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305 directory. The return value is the pathname of the directory. |
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306 |
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307 Arguments are as for mkstemp, except that the 'text' argument is |
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308 not accepted. |
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309 |
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310 The directory is readable, writable, and searchable only by the |
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311 creating user. |
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312 |
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313 Caller is responsible for deleting the directory when done with it. |
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314 """ |
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315 |
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316 if dir is None: |
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317 dir = gettempdir() |
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318 |
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319 names = _get_candidate_names() |
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321 for seq in xrange(TMP_MAX): |
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322 name = names.next() |
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323 file = _os.path.join(dir, prefix + name + suffix) |
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324 try: |
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325 _os.mkdir(file, 0700) |
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326 return file |
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327 except OSError, e: |
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328 if e.errno == _errno.EEXIST: |
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329 continue # try again |
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330 raise |
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331 |
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332 raise IOError, (_errno.EEXIST, "No usable temporary directory name found") |
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333 |
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334 def mktemp(suffix="", prefix=template, dir=None): |
| 46585 | 335 """User-callable function to return a unique temporary file name. The |
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336 file is not created. |
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337 |
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338 Arguments are as for mkstemp, except that the 'text' argument is |
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339 not accepted. |
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340 |
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341 This function is unsafe and should not be used. The file name |
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342 refers to a file that did not exist at some point, but by the time |
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343 you get around to creating it, someone else may have beaten you to |
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344 the punch. |
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345 """ |
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346 |
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347 ## from warnings import warn as _warn |
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348 ## _warn("mktemp is a potential security risk to your program", |
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349 ## RuntimeWarning, stacklevel=2) |
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350 |
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351 if dir is None: |
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352 dir = gettempdir() |
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353 |
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354 names = _get_candidate_names() |
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355 for seq in xrange(TMP_MAX): |
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356 name = names.next() |
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357 file = _os.path.join(dir, prefix + name + suffix) |
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358 if not _exists(file): |
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359 return file |
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360 |
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361 raise IOError, (_errno.EEXIST, "No usable temporary filename found") |
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362 |
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363 |
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364 class _TemporaryFileWrapper: |
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365 """Temporary file wrapper |
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366 |
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367 This class provides a wrapper around files opened for |
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368 temporary use. In particular, it seeks to automatically |
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369 remove the file when it is no longer needed. |
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370 """ |
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371 |
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372 def __init__(self, file, name, delete=True): |
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373 self.file = file |
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374 self.name = name |
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375 self.close_called = False |
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376 self.delete = delete |
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377 |
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378 def __getattr__(self, name): |
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379 # Attribute lookups are delegated to the underlying file |
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380 # and cached for non-numeric results |
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381 # (i.e. methods are cached, closed and friends are not) |
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382 file = self.__dict__['file'] |
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383 a = getattr(file, name) |
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384 if not issubclass(type(a), type(0)): |
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385 setattr(self, name, a) |
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386 return a |
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387 |
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388 # The underlying __enter__ method returns the wrong object |
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389 # (self.file) so override it to return the wrapper |
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390 def __enter__(self): |
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391 self.file.__enter__() |
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392 return self |
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393 |
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394 # NT provides delete-on-close as a primitive, so we don't need |
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395 # the wrapper to do anything special. We still use it so that |
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396 # file.name is useful (i.e. not "(fdopen)") with NamedTemporaryFile. |
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397 if _os.name != 'nt': |
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398 # Cache the unlinker so we don't get spurious errors at |
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399 # shutdown when the module-level "os" is None'd out. Note |
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400 # that this must be referenced as self.unlink, because the |
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401 # name TemporaryFileWrapper may also get None'd out before |
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402 # __del__ is called. |
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403 unlink = _os.unlink |
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404 |
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405 def close(self): |
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406 if not self.close_called: |
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407 self.close_called = True |
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408 self.file.close() |
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409 if self.delete: |
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410 self.unlink(self.name) |
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411 |
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412 def __del__(self): |
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413 self.close() |
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414 |
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415 # Need to trap __exit__ as well to ensure the file gets |
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416 # deleted when used in a with statement |
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417 def __exit__(self, exc, value, tb): |
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418 result = self.file.__exit__(exc, value, tb) |
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419 self.close() |
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420 return result |
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421 else: |
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422 def __exit__(self, exc, value, tb): |
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423 self.file.__exit__(exc, value, tb) |
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424 |
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Backport relevant part of issue 2021 fix (r60695): Support with statement properly in tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile
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425 |
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426 def NamedTemporaryFile(mode='w+b', bufsize=-1, suffix="", |
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427 prefix=template, dir=None, delete=True): |
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428 """Create and return a temporary file. |
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429 Arguments: |
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430 'prefix', 'suffix', 'dir' -- as for mkstemp. |
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431 'mode' -- the mode argument to os.fdopen (default "w+b"). |
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432 'bufsize' -- the buffer size argument to os.fdopen (default -1). |
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433 'delete' -- whether the file is deleted on close (default True). |
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434 The file is created as mkstemp() would do it. |
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435 |
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436 Returns an object with a file-like interface; the name of the file |
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437 is accessible as file.name. The file will be automatically deleted |
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438 when it is closed unless the 'delete' argument is set to False. |
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439 """ |
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440 |
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441 if dir is None: |
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442 dir = gettempdir() |
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443 |
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444 if 'b' in mode: |
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445 flags = _bin_openflags |
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446 else: |
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447 flags = _text_openflags |
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448 |
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449 # Setting O_TEMPORARY in the flags causes the OS to delete |
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450 # the file when it is closed. This is only supported by Windows. |
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451 if _os.name == 'nt' and delete: |
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452 flags |= _os.O_TEMPORARY |
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453 |
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454 (fd, name) = _mkstemp_inner(dir, prefix, suffix, flags) |
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455 file = _os.fdopen(fd, mode, bufsize) |
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456 return _TemporaryFileWrapper(file, name, delete) |
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457 |
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458 if _os.name != 'posix' or _os.sys.platform == 'cygwin': |
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459 # On non-POSIX and Cygwin systems, assume that we cannot unlink a file |
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460 # while it is open. |
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461 TemporaryFile = NamedTemporaryFile |
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462 |
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463 else: |
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464 def TemporaryFile(mode='w+b', bufsize=-1, suffix="", |
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465 prefix=template, dir=None): |
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466 """Create and return a temporary file. |
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467 Arguments: |
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Neal Norwitz <nnorwitz@gmail.com>
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468 'prefix', 'suffix', 'dir' -- as for mkstemp. |
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469 'mode' -- the mode argument to os.fdopen (default "w+b"). |
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470 'bufsize' -- the buffer size argument to os.fdopen (default -1). |
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471 The file is created as mkstemp() would do it. |
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parents:
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472 |
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473 Returns an object with a file-like interface. The file has no |
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474 name, and will cease to exist when it is closed. |
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475 """ |
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476 |
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477 if dir is None: |
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478 dir = gettempdir() |
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479 |
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480 if 'b' in mode: |
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481 flags = _bin_openflags |
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482 else: |
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483 flags = _text_openflags |
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484 |
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485 (fd, name) = _mkstemp_inner(dir, prefix, suffix, flags) |
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486 try: |
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487 _os.unlink(name) |
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488 return _os.fdopen(fd, mode, bufsize) |
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489 except: |
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490 _os.close(fd) |
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491 raise |
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Patch #1630118: add a SpooledTemporaryFile class to tempfile.
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492 |
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493 class SpooledTemporaryFile: |
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494 """Temporary file wrapper, specialized to switch from |
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495 StringIO to a real file when it exceeds a certain size or |
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496 when a fileno is needed. |
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497 """ |
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498 _rolled = False |
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499 |
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500 def __init__(self, max_size=0, mode='w+b', bufsize=-1, |
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501 suffix="", prefix=template, dir=None): |
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502 self._file = _StringIO() |
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503 self._max_size = max_size |
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504 self._rolled = False |
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505 self._TemporaryFileArgs = (mode, bufsize, suffix, prefix, dir) |
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506 |
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507 def _check(self, file): |
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508 if self._rolled: return |
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509 max_size = self._max_size |
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510 if max_size and file.tell() > max_size: |
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511 self.rollover() |
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512 |
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513 def rollover(self): |
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514 if self._rolled: return |
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515 file = self._file |
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516 newfile = self._file = TemporaryFile(*self._TemporaryFileArgs) |
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517 del self._TemporaryFileArgs |
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518 |
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519 newfile.write(file.getvalue()) |
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520 newfile.seek(file.tell(), 0) |
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521 |
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522 self._rolled = True |
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Whitespace normalization. Ugh, we really need to do this more often.
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523 |
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45254
83821e0f395b
Issue 2021: Allow NamedTemporaryFile and SpooledTemporaryFile to be used as context managers. (The NamedTemporaryFile fix should be considered for backporting to 2.5)
Nick Coghlan <ncoghlan@gmail.com>
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524 # The method caching trick from NamedTemporaryFile |
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Issue 2021: Allow NamedTemporaryFile and SpooledTemporaryFile to be used as context managers. (The NamedTemporaryFile fix should be considered for backporting to 2.5)
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525 # won't work here, because _file may change from a |
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Issue 2021: Allow NamedTemporaryFile and SpooledTemporaryFile to be used as context managers. (The NamedTemporaryFile fix should be considered for backporting to 2.5)
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526 # _StringIO instance to a real file. So we list |
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527 # all the methods directly. |
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528 |
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529 # Context management protocol |
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530 def __enter__(self): |
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531 if self._file.closed: |
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532 raise ValueError("Cannot enter context with closed file") |
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533 return self |
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534 |
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535 def __exit__(self, exc, value, tb): |
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536 self._file.close() |
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537 |
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538 # file protocol |
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539 def __iter__(self): |
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540 return self._file.__iter__() |
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541 |
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542 def close(self): |
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543 self._file.close() |
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544 |
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545 @property |
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546 def closed(self): |
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547 return self._file.closed |
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548 |
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549 @property |
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550 def encoding(self): |
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551 return self._file.encoding |
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552 |
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553 def fileno(self): |
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554 self.rollover() |
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555 return self._file.fileno() |
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556 |
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557 def flush(self): |
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558 self._file.flush() |
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559 |
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560 def isatty(self): |
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561 return self._file.isatty() |
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562 |
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563 @property |
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564 def mode(self): |
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565 return self._file.mode |
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566 |
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567 @property |
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568 def name(self): |
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569 return self._file.name |
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570 |
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571 @property |
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572 def newlines(self): |
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573 return self._file.newlines |
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574 |
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575 def next(self): |
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576 return self._file.next |
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577 |
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578 def read(self, *args): |
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579 return self._file.read(*args) |
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580 |
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581 def readline(self, *args): |
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582 return self._file.readline(*args) |
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583 |
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584 def readlines(self, *args): |
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585 return self._file.readlines(*args) |
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586 |
|
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587 def seek(self, *args): |
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588 self._file.seek(*args) |
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589 |
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|
590 @property |
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591 def softspace(self): |
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592 return self._file.softspace |
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593 |
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594 def tell(self): |
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595 return self._file.tell() |
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596 |
|
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597 def truncate(self): |
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598 self._file.truncate() |
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599 |
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600 def write(self, s): |
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601 file = self._file |
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602 rv = file.write(s) |
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603 self._check(file) |
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604 return rv |
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605 |
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606 def writelines(self, iterable): |
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607 file = self._file |
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608 rv = file.writelines(iterable) |
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609 self._check(file) |
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610 return rv |
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611 |
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612 def xreadlines(self, *args): |
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613 return self._file.xreadlines(*args) |
