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add -L flag to cause leaks(1) command to run just before exit
author Skip Montanaro <skip@pobox.com>
date Sun, 06 Jun 2004 15:53:18 +0000
parents 525abc66bcc2
children d8abf582f893
Ignore whitespace changes - Everywhere: Within whitespace: At end of lines:
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1 \section{\module{socket} ---
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2 Low-level networking interface}
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3
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4 \declaremodule{builtin}{socket}
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5 \modulesynopsis{Low-level networking interface.}
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6
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7
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8 This module provides access to the BSD \emph{socket} interface.
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9 It is available on all modern \UNIX{} systems, Windows, MacOS, BeOS,
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10 OS/2, and probably additional platforms.
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11
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12 For an introduction to socket programming (in C), see the following
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13 papers: \citetitle{An Introductory 4.3BSD Interprocess Communication
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14 Tutorial}, by Stuart Sechrest and \citetitle{An Advanced 4.3BSD
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15 Interprocess Communication Tutorial}, by Samuel J. Leffler et al,
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16 both in the \citetitle{\UNIX{} Programmer's Manual, Supplementary Documents 1}
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17 (sections PS1:7 and PS1:8). The platform-specific reference material
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18 for the various socket-related system calls are also a valuable source
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19 of information on the details of socket semantics. For \UNIX, refer
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20 to the manual pages; for Windows, see the WinSock (or Winsock 2)
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21 specification.
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22 For IPv6-ready APIs, readers may want to refer to \rfc{2553} titled
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23 \citetitle{Basic Socket Interface Extensions for IPv6}.
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24
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25 The Python interface is a straightforward transliteration of the
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26 \UNIX{} system call and library interface for sockets to Python's
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27 object-oriented style: the \function{socket()} function returns a
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28 \dfn{socket object}\obindex{socket} whose methods implement the
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29 various socket system calls. Parameter types are somewhat
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30 higher-level than in the C interface: as with \method{read()} and
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31 \method{write()} operations on Python files, buffer allocation on
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32 receive operations is automatic, and buffer length is implicit on send
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33 operations.
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34
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35 Socket addresses are represented as follows:
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36 A single string is used for the \constant{AF_UNIX} address family.
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37 A pair \code{(\var{host}, \var{port})} is used for the
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38 \constant{AF_INET} address family, where \var{host} is a string
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39 representing either a hostname in Internet domain notation like
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40 \code{'daring.cwi.nl'} or an IPv4 address like \code{'100.50.200.5'},
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41 and \var{port} is an integral port number.
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42 For \constant{AF_INET6} address family, a four-tuple
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43 \code{(\var{host}, \var{port}, \var{flowinfo}, \var{scopeid})} is
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44 used, where \var{flowinfo} and \var{scopeid} represents
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45 \code{sin6_flowinfo} and \code{sin6_scope_id} member in
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46 \constant{struct sockaddr_in6} in C.
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47 For \module{socket} module methods, \var{flowinfo} and \var{scopeid}
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48 can be omitted just for backward compatibility. Note, however,
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49 omission of \var{scopeid} can cause problems in manipulating scoped
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50 IPv6 addresses. Other address families are currently not supported.
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51 The address format required by a particular socket object is
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52 automatically selected based on the address family specified when the
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53 socket object was created.
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54
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55 For IPv4 addresses, two special forms are accepted instead of a host
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56 address: the empty string represents \constant{INADDR_ANY}, and the string
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57 \code{'<broadcast>'} represents \constant{INADDR_BROADCAST}.
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58 The behavior is not available for IPv6 for backward compatibility,
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59 therefore, you may want to avoid these if you intend to support IPv6 with
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60 your Python programs.
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61
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62 If you use a hostname in the \var{host} portion of IPv4/v6 socket
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63 address, the program may show a nondeterministic behavior, as Python
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64 uses the first address returned from the DNS resolution. The socket
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65 address will be resolved differently into an actual IPv4/v6 address,
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66 depending on the results from DNS resolution and/or the host
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67 configuration. For deterministic behavior use a numeric address in
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68 \var{host} portion.
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69
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70 All errors raise exceptions. The normal exceptions for invalid
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71 argument types and out-of-memory conditions can be raised; errors
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72 related to socket or address semantics raise the error
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73 \exception{socket.error}.
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74
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75 Non-blocking mode is supported through
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76 \method{setblocking()}. A generalization of this based on timeouts
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77 is supported through \method{settimeout()}.
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78
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79 The module \module{socket} exports the following constants and functions:
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81
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82 \begin{excdesc}{error}
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83 This exception is raised for socket-related errors.
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84 The accompanying value is either a string telling what went wrong or a
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85 pair \code{(\var{errno}, \var{string})}
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86 representing an error returned by a system
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87 call, similar to the value accompanying \exception{os.error}.
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88 See the module \refmodule{errno}\refbimodindex{errno}, which contains
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89 names for the error codes defined by the underlying operating system.
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90 \end{excdesc}
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91
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92 \begin{excdesc}{herror}
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93 This exception is raised for address-related errors, i.e. for
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94 functions that use \var{h_errno} in the C API, including
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95 \function{gethostbyname_ex()} and \function{gethostbyaddr()}.
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96
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97 The accompanying value is a pair \code{(\var{h_errno}, \var{string})}
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98 representing an error returned by a library call. \var{string}
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99 represents the description of \var{h_errno}, as returned by
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100 the \cfunction{hstrerror()} C function.
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101 \end{excdesc}
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102
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103 \begin{excdesc}{gaierror}
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104 This exception is raised for address-related errors, for
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105 \function{getaddrinfo()} and \function{getnameinfo()}.
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106 The accompanying value is a pair \code{(\var{error}, \var{string})}
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107 representing an error returned by a library call.
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108 \var{string} represents the description of \var{error}, as returned
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109 by the \cfunction{gai_strerror()} C function.
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110 The \var{error} value will match one of the \constant{EAI_*} constants
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111 defined in this module.
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112 \end{excdesc}
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113
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114 \begin{excdesc}{timeout}
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115 This exception is raised when a timeout occurs on a socket which has
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116 had timeouts enabled via a prior call to \method{settimeout()}. The
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117 accompanying value is a string whose value is currently always ``timed
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118 out''.
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119 \versionadded{2.3}
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120 \end{excdesc}
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121
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122 \begin{datadesc}{AF_UNIX}
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123 \dataline{AF_INET}
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124 \dataline{AF_INET6}
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125 These constants represent the address (and protocol) families,
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126 used for the first argument to \function{socket()}. If the
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127 \constant{AF_UNIX} constant is not defined then this protocol is
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128 unsupported.
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129 \end{datadesc}
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130
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131 \begin{datadesc}{SOCK_STREAM}
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132 \dataline{SOCK_DGRAM}
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133 \dataline{SOCK_RAW}
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134 \dataline{SOCK_RDM}
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135 \dataline{SOCK_SEQPACKET}
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136 These constants represent the socket types,
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137 used for the second argument to \function{socket()}.
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138 (Only \constant{SOCK_STREAM} and
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139 \constant{SOCK_DGRAM} appear to be generally useful.)
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140 \end{datadesc}
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141
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142 \begin{datadesc}{SO_*}
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143 \dataline{SOMAXCONN}
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144 \dataline{MSG_*}
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145 \dataline{SOL_*}
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146 \dataline{IPPROTO_*}
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147 \dataline{IPPORT_*}
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148 \dataline{INADDR_*}
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149 \dataline{IP_*}
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150 \dataline{IPV6_*}
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151 \dataline{EAI_*}
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152 \dataline{AI_*}
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153 \dataline{NI_*}
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154 \dataline{TCP_*}
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155 Many constants of these forms, documented in the \UNIX{} documentation on
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156 sockets and/or the IP protocol, are also defined in the socket module.
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157 They are generally used in arguments to the \method{setsockopt()} and
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158 \method{getsockopt()} methods of socket objects. In most cases, only
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159 those symbols that are defined in the \UNIX{} header files are defined;
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160 for a few symbols, default values are provided.
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161 \end{datadesc}
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162
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163 \begin{datadesc}{has_ipv6}
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164 This constant contains a boolean value which indicates if IPv6 is
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165 supported on this platform.
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166 \versionadded{2.3}
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167 \end{datadesc}
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168
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169 \begin{funcdesc}{getaddrinfo}{host, port\optional{, family\optional{,
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170 socktype\optional{, proto\optional{,
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171 flags}}}}}
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172 Resolves the \var{host}/\var{port} argument, into a sequence of
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173 5-tuples that contain all the necessary argument for the sockets
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174 manipulation. \var{host} is a domain name, a string representation of
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175 IPv4/v6 address or \code{None}.
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176 \var{port} is a string service name (like \code{'http'}), a numeric
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177 port number or \code{None}.
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178
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179 The rest of the arguments are optional and must be numeric if
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180 specified. For \var{host} and \var{port}, by passing either an empty
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181 string or \code{None}, you can pass \code{NULL} to the C API. The
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182 \function{getaddrinfo()} function returns a list of 5-tuples with
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183 the following structure:
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184
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185 \code{(\var{family}, \var{socktype}, \var{proto}, \var{canonname},
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186 \var{sockaddr})}
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187
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188 \var{family}, \var{socktype}, \var{proto} are all integer and are meant to
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189 be passed to the \function{socket()} function.
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190 \var{canonname} is a string representing the canonical name of the \var{host}.
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191 It can be a numeric IPv4/v6 address when \constant{AI_CANONNAME} is specified
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192 for a numeric \var{host}.
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193 \var{sockaddr} is a tuple describing a socket address, as described above.
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194 See the source for the \refmodule{httplib} and other library modules
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195 for a typical usage of the function.
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196 \versionadded{2.2}
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197 \end{funcdesc}
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198
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199 \begin{funcdesc}{getfqdn}{\optional{name}}
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200 Return a fully qualified domain name for \var{name}.
49c7a4dd9f61 Document socket.getfqdn().
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201 If \var{name} is omitted or empty, it is interpreted as the local
49c7a4dd9f61 Document socket.getfqdn().
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202 host. To find the fully qualified name, the hostname returned by
49c7a4dd9f61 Document socket.getfqdn().
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203 \function{gethostbyaddr()} is checked, then aliases for the host, if
49c7a4dd9f61 Document socket.getfqdn().
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204 available. The first name which includes a period is selected. In
49c7a4dd9f61 Document socket.getfqdn().
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205 case no fully qualified domain name is available, the hostname is
49c7a4dd9f61 Document socket.getfqdn().
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206 returned.
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207 \versionadded{2.0}
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208 \end{funcdesc}
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209
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210 \begin{funcdesc}{gethostbyname}{hostname}
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211 Translate a host name to IPv4 address format. The IPv4 address is
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212 returned as a string, such as \code{'100.50.200.5'}. If the host name
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213 is an IPv4 address itself it is returned unchanged. See
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214 \function{gethostbyname_ex()} for a more complete interface.
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215 \function{gethostbyname()} does not support IPv6 name resolution, and
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216 \function{getaddrinfo()} should be used instead for IPv4/v6 dual stack support.
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217 \end{funcdesc}
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218
a9eb265d2f57 Document gethostbyname_ex().
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219 \begin{funcdesc}{gethostbyname_ex}{hostname}
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220 Translate a host name to IPv4 address format, extended interface.
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221 Return a triple \code{(\var{hostname}, \var{aliaslist},
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222 \var{ipaddrlist})} where
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223 \var{hostname} is the primary host name responding to the given
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224 \var{ip_address}, \var{aliaslist} is a (possibly empty) list of
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225 alternative host names for the same address, and \var{ipaddrlist} is
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226 a list of IPv4 addresses for the same interface on the same
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227 host (often but not always a single address).
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228 \function{gethostbyname_ex()} does not support IPv6 name resolution, and
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229 \function{getaddrinfo()} should be used instead for IPv4/v6 dual stack support.
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230 \end{funcdesc}
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231
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232 \begin{funcdesc}{gethostname}{}
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233 Return a string containing the hostname of the machine where
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234 the Python interpreter is currently executing.
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diff changeset
235 If you want to know the current machine's IP address, you may want to use
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236 \code{gethostbyname(gethostname())}.
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237 This operation assumes that there is a valid address-to-host mapping for
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238 the host, and the assumption does not always hold.
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239 Note: \function{gethostname()} doesn't always return the fully qualified
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240 domain name; use \code{gethostbyaddr(gethostname())}
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diff changeset
241 (see below).
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diff changeset
242 \end{funcdesc}
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243
280f31e6c653 copyright.tex: Add 1995 to copyright message.
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244 \begin{funcdesc}{gethostbyaddr}{ip_address}
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245 Return a triple \code{(\var{hostname}, \var{aliaslist},
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diff changeset
246 \var{ipaddrlist})} where \var{hostname} is the primary host name
d22cf666fa2c Logical markup.
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diff changeset
247 responding to the given \var{ip_address}, \var{aliaslist} is a
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diff changeset
248 (possibly empty) list of alternative host names for the same address,
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diff changeset
249 and \var{ipaddrlist} is a list of IPv4/v6 addresses for the same interface
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diff changeset
250 on the same host (most likely containing only a single address).
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diff changeset
251 To find the fully qualified domain name, use the function
49c7a4dd9f61 Document socket.getfqdn().
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252 \function{getfqdn()}.
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253 \function{gethostbyaddr} supports both IPv4 and IPv6.
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diff changeset
254 \end{funcdesc}
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diff changeset
255
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
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diff changeset
256 \begin{funcdesc}{getnameinfo}{sockaddr, flags}
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diff changeset
257 Translate a socket address \var{sockaddr} into a 2-tuple
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diff changeset
258 \code{(\var{host}, \var{port})}.
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diff changeset
259 Depending on the settings of \var{flags}, the result can contain a
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diff changeset
260 fully-qualified domain name or numeric address representation in
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
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diff changeset
261 \var{host}. Similarly, \var{port} can contain a string port name or a
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
262 numeric port number.
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
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diff changeset
263 \versionadded{2.2}
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264 \end{funcdesc}
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265
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266 \begin{funcdesc}{getprotobyname}{protocolname}
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267 Translate an Internet protocol name (for example, \code{'icmp'}) to a constant
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e43362910a5e Documented getprotobyname() interface.
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268 suitable for passing as the (optional) third argument to the
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269 \function{socket()} function. This is usually only needed for sockets
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270 opened in ``raw'' mode (\constant{SOCK_RAW}); for the normal socket
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271 modes, the correct protocol is chosen automatically if the protocol is
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272 omitted or zero.
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273 \end{funcdesc}
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274
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275 \begin{funcdesc}{getservbyname}{servicename, protocolname}
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276 Translate an Internet service name and protocol name to a port number
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277 for that service. The protocol name should be \code{'tcp'} or
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278 \code{'udp'}.
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279 \end{funcdesc}
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280
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281 \begin{funcdesc}{socket}{\optional{family\optional{,
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282 type\optional{, proto}}}}
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283 Create a new socket using the given address family, socket type and
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284 protocol number. The address family should be \constant{AF_INET} (the
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285 default), \constant{AF_INET6} or \constant{AF_UNIX}. The socket type
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286 should be \constant{SOCK_STREAM} (the default), \constant{SOCK_DGRAM}
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287 or perhaps one of the other \samp{SOCK_} constants. The protocol
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288 number is usually zero and may be omitted in that case.
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289 \end{funcdesc}
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290
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291 \begin{funcdesc}{ssl}{sock\optional{, keyfile, certfile}}
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292 Initiate a SSL connection over the socket \var{sock}. \var{keyfile} is
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293 the name of a PEM formatted file that contains your private
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294 key. \var{certfile} is a PEM formatted certificate chain file. On
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295 success, a new \class{SSLObject} is returned.
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296
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297 \warning{This does not do any certificate verification!}
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298 \end{funcdesc}
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299
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300 \begin{funcdesc}{fromfd}{fd, family, type\optional{, proto}}
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301 Build a socket object from an existing file descriptor (an integer as
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302 returned by a file object's \method{fileno()} method). Address family,
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299bf53e6861 Logical markup nits.
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303 socket type and protocol number are as for the \function{socket()} function
1471
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304 above. The file descriptor should refer to a socket, but this is not
2ec96140a36b Restructured library documentation
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305 checked --- subsequent operations on the object may fail if the file
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306 descriptor is invalid. This function is rarely needed, but can be
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307 used to get or set socket options on a socket passed to a program as
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308 standard input or output (such as a server started by the \UNIX{} inet
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309 daemon). The socket is assumed to be in blocking mode.
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310 Availability: \UNIX.
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311 \end{funcdesc}
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312
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313 \begin{funcdesc}{ntohl}{x}
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314 Convert 32-bit integers from network to host byte order. On machines
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315 where the host byte order is the same as network byte order, this is a
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316 no-op; otherwise, it performs a 4-byte swap operation.
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317 \end{funcdesc}
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318
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319 \begin{funcdesc}{ntohs}{x}
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320 Convert 16-bit integers from network to host byte order. On machines
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parents: 6587
diff changeset
321 where the host byte order is the same as network byte order, this is a
c18501770895 Separated the definitions of ntohs(), ntohl(), htons(), htonl(). Separate
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parents: 6587
diff changeset
322 no-op; otherwise, it performs a 2-byte swap operation.
c18501770895 Separated the definitions of ntohs(), ntohl(), htons(), htonl(). Separate
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
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323 \end{funcdesc}
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Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 6587
diff changeset
324
c18501770895 Separated the definitions of ntohs(), ntohl(), htons(), htonl(). Separate
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
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diff changeset
325 \begin{funcdesc}{htonl}{x}
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parents: 6587
diff changeset
326 Convert 32-bit integers from host to network byte order. On machines
c18501770895 Separated the definitions of ntohs(), ntohl(), htons(), htonl(). Separate
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parents: 6587
diff changeset
327 where the host byte order is the same as network byte order, this is a
c18501770895 Separated the definitions of ntohs(), ntohl(), htons(), htonl(). Separate
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parents: 6587
diff changeset
328 no-op; otherwise, it performs a 4-byte swap operation.
c18501770895 Separated the definitions of ntohs(), ntohl(), htons(), htonl(). Separate
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 6587
diff changeset
329 \end{funcdesc}
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Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 6587
diff changeset
330
c18501770895 Separated the definitions of ntohs(), ntohl(), htons(), htonl(). Separate
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diff changeset
331 \begin{funcdesc}{htons}{x}
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parents: 6587
diff changeset
332 Convert 16-bit integers from host to network byte order. On machines
c18501770895 Separated the definitions of ntohs(), ntohl(), htons(), htonl(). Separate
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parents: 6587
diff changeset
333 where the host byte order is the same as network byte order, this is a
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parents: 6587
diff changeset
334 no-op; otherwise, it performs a 2-byte swap operation.
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parents: 2576
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335 \end{funcdesc}
c3b0895c90fb Added [nh]to[hn][sl]().
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336
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diff changeset
337 \begin{funcdesc}{inet_aton}{ip_string}
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338 Convert an IPv4 address from dotted-quad string format (for example,
e0a5d16a9cb9 Add notes that fromfd() and s.makefile() are Unix-specific.
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339 '123.45.67.89') to 32-bit packed binary format, as a string four
28844
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340 characters in length. This is useful when conversing with a program
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341 that uses the standard C library and needs objects of type
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342 \ctype{struct in_addr}, which is the C type for the 32-bit packed
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343 binary this function returns.
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344
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Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
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345 If the IPv4 address string passed to this function is invalid,
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diff changeset
346 \exception{socket.error} will be raised. Note that exactly what is
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diff changeset
347 valid depends on the underlying C implementation of
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348 \cfunction{inet_aton()}.
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diff changeset
349
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350 \function{inet_aton()} does not support IPv6, and
ac3ce1faec68 Fix the erroneous availability annotation for s.makefile() from the last
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351 \function{getnameinfo()} should be used instead for IPv4/v6 dual stack
ac3ce1faec68 Fix the erroneous availability annotation for s.makefile() from the last
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352 support.
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353 \end{funcdesc}
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354
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355 \begin{funcdesc}{inet_ntoa}{packed_ip}
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parents: 15800
diff changeset
356 Convert a 32-bit packed IPv4 address (a string four characters in
28844
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diff changeset
357 length) to its standard dotted-quad string representation (for
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diff changeset
358 example, '123.45.67.89'). This is useful when conversing with a
cd82253f20b7 - add availability statements for some of the new APIs
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 28837
diff changeset
359 program that uses the standard C library and needs objects of type
cd82253f20b7 - add availability statements for some of the new APIs
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diff changeset
360 \ctype{struct in_addr}, which is the C type for the 32-bit packed
cd82253f20b7 - add availability statements for some of the new APIs
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parents: 28837
diff changeset
361 binary data this function takes as an argument.
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parents: 11178
diff changeset
362
d970af0cece9 Added documentation for inet_aton() and inet_ntoa(), from Ben
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parents: 11178
diff changeset
363 If the string passed to this function is not exactly 4 bytes in
d970af0cece9 Added documentation for inet_aton() and inet_ntoa(), from Ben
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parents: 11178
diff changeset
364 length, \exception{socket.error} will be raised.
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parents: 21521
diff changeset
365 \function{inet_ntoa()} does not support IPv6, and
ac3ce1faec68 Fix the erroneous availability annotation for s.makefile() from the last
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parents: 21521
diff changeset
366 \function{getnameinfo()} should be used instead for IPv4/v6 dual stack
ac3ce1faec68 Fix the erroneous availability annotation for s.makefile() from the last
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 21521
diff changeset
367 support.
11291
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Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
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diff changeset
368 \end{funcdesc}
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diff changeset
369
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370 \begin{funcdesc}{inet_pton}{address_family, ip_string}
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diff changeset
371 Convert an IP address from its family-specific string format to a packed,
57e61588571b Patch by Jp Calderone:
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diff changeset
372 binary format.
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373 \function{inet_pton()} is useful when a library or network protocol calls for
57e61588571b Patch by Jp Calderone:
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diff changeset
374 an object of type \ctype{struct in_addr} (similar to \function{inet_aton()})
57e61588571b Patch by Jp Calderone:
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375 or \ctype{struct in6_addr}.
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diff changeset
376
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diff changeset
377 Supported values for \var{address_family} are currently
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diff changeset
378 \constant{AF_INET} and \constant{AF_INET6}.
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diff changeset
379 If the IP address string \var{ip_string} is invalid,
28818
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diff changeset
380 \exception{socket.error} will be raised. Note that exactly what is valid
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diff changeset
381 depends on both the value of \var{address_family} and the underlying
57e61588571b Patch by Jp Calderone:
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diff changeset
382 implementation of \cfunction{inet_pton()}.
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383
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diff changeset
384 Availability: \UNIX{} (maybe not all platforms).
28818
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385 \versionadded{2.3}
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diff changeset
386 \end{funcdesc}
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diff changeset
387
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diff changeset
388 \begin{funcdesc}{inet_ntop}{address_family, packed_ip}
28844
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diff changeset
389 Convert a packed IP address (a string of some number of characters) to
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parents: 28837
diff changeset
390 its standard, family-specific string representation (for example,
cd82253f20b7 - add availability statements for some of the new APIs
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parents: 28837
diff changeset
391 \code{'7.10.0.5'} or \code{'5aef:2b::8'})
28837
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parents: 28831
diff changeset
392 \function{inet_ntop()} is useful when a library or network protocol returns
c2a05e0785f1 Fix a copy-paste error: the paragraph about inet_ntop's use was copied
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parents: 28831
diff changeset
393 an object of type \ctype{struct in_addr} (similar to \function{inet_ntoa()})
28818
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394 or \ctype{struct in6_addr}.
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Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 28330
diff changeset
395
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diff changeset
396 Supported values for \var{address_family} are currently
cd82253f20b7 - add availability statements for some of the new APIs
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 28837
diff changeset
397 \constant{AF_INET} and \constant{AF_INET6}.
cd82253f20b7 - add availability statements for some of the new APIs
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 28837
diff changeset
398 If the string \var{packed_ip} is not the correct length for the
cd82253f20b7 - add availability statements for some of the new APIs
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 28837
diff changeset
399 specified address family, \exception{ValueError} will be raised. A
cd82253f20b7 - add availability statements for some of the new APIs
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 28837
diff changeset
400 \exception{socket.error} is raised for errors from the call to
28818
57e61588571b Patch by Jp Calderone:
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 28330
diff changeset
401 \function{inet_ntop()}.
28844
cd82253f20b7 - add availability statements for some of the new APIs
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 28837
diff changeset
402
cd82253f20b7 - add availability statements for some of the new APIs
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 28837
diff changeset
403 Availability: \UNIX{} (maybe not all platforms).
28818
57e61588571b Patch by Jp Calderone:
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 28330
diff changeset
404 \versionadded{2.3}
57e61588571b Patch by Jp Calderone:
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 28330
diff changeset
405 \end{funcdesc}
57e61588571b Patch by Jp Calderone:
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 28330
diff changeset
406
28330
02ce22830ab9 add descriptions of {get,set}defaulttimeout.
Skip Montanaro <skip@pobox.com>
parents: 23815
diff changeset
407 \begin{funcdesc}{getdefaulttimeout}{}
02ce22830ab9 add descriptions of {get,set}defaulttimeout.
Skip Montanaro <skip@pobox.com>
parents: 23815
diff changeset
408 Return the default timeout in floating seconds for new socket objects.
02ce22830ab9 add descriptions of {get,set}defaulttimeout.
Skip Montanaro <skip@pobox.com>
parents: 23815
diff changeset
409 A value of \code{None} indicates that new socket objects have no timeout.
02ce22830ab9 add descriptions of {get,set}defaulttimeout.
Skip Montanaro <skip@pobox.com>
parents: 23815
diff changeset
410 When the socket module is first imported, the default is \code{None}.
02ce22830ab9 add descriptions of {get,set}defaulttimeout.
Skip Montanaro <skip@pobox.com>
parents: 23815
diff changeset
411 \versionadded{2.3}
02ce22830ab9 add descriptions of {get,set}defaulttimeout.
Skip Montanaro <skip@pobox.com>
parents: 23815
diff changeset
412 \end{funcdesc}
02ce22830ab9 add descriptions of {get,set}defaulttimeout.
Skip Montanaro <skip@pobox.com>
parents: 23815
diff changeset
413
02ce22830ab9 add descriptions of {get,set}defaulttimeout.
Skip Montanaro <skip@pobox.com>
parents: 23815
diff changeset
414 \begin{funcdesc}{setdefaulttimeout}{timeout}
02ce22830ab9 add descriptions of {get,set}defaulttimeout.
Skip Montanaro <skip@pobox.com>
parents: 23815
diff changeset
415 Set the default timeout in floating seconds for new socket objects.
02ce22830ab9 add descriptions of {get,set}defaulttimeout.
Skip Montanaro <skip@pobox.com>
parents: 23815
diff changeset
416 A value of \code{None} indicates that new socket objects have no timeout.
02ce22830ab9 add descriptions of {get,set}defaulttimeout.
Skip Montanaro <skip@pobox.com>
parents: 23815
diff changeset
417 When the socket module is first imported, the default is \code{None}.
02ce22830ab9 add descriptions of {get,set}defaulttimeout.
Skip Montanaro <skip@pobox.com>
parents: 23815
diff changeset
418 \versionadded{2.3}
02ce22830ab9 add descriptions of {get,set}defaulttimeout.
Skip Montanaro <skip@pobox.com>
parents: 23815
diff changeset
419 \end{funcdesc}
02ce22830ab9 add descriptions of {get,set}defaulttimeout.
Skip Montanaro <skip@pobox.com>
parents: 23815
diff changeset
420
6482
d311b68754c1 socket_type ==> SocketType
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 5818
diff changeset
421 \begin{datadesc}{SocketType}
5574
84d7cc5e63cd Added description of socket_type.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 5461
diff changeset
422 This is a Python type object that represents the socket object type.
7632
d22cf666fa2c Logical markup.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 7277
diff changeset
423 It is the same as \code{type(socket(...))}.
5574
84d7cc5e63cd Added description of socket_type.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 5461
diff changeset
424 \end{datadesc}
84d7cc5e63cd Added description of socket_type.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 5461
diff changeset
425
13386
3f08bedc1c26 Clean up markup to be more like recommended practice; only small changes
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 13178
diff changeset
426
3f08bedc1c26 Clean up markup to be more like recommended practice; only small changes
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 13178
diff changeset
427 \begin{seealso}
3f08bedc1c26 Clean up markup to be more like recommended practice; only small changes
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 13178
diff changeset
428 \seemodule{SocketServer}{Classes that simplify writing network servers.}
3f08bedc1c26 Clean up markup to be more like recommended practice; only small changes
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 13178
diff changeset
429 \end{seealso}
3f08bedc1c26 Clean up markup to be more like recommended practice; only small changes
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 13178
diff changeset
430
3f08bedc1c26 Clean up markup to be more like recommended practice; only small changes
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 13178
diff changeset
431
11178
245d2b605036 Add index entry "I/O control, buffering" for makefile().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 10836
diff changeset
432 \subsection{Socket Objects \label{socket-objects}}
1471
2ec96140a36b Restructured library documentation
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
433
2ec96140a36b Restructured library documentation
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
434 Socket objects have the following methods. Except for
7632
d22cf666fa2c Logical markup.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 7277
diff changeset
435 \method{makefile()} these correspond to \UNIX{} system calls
d22cf666fa2c Logical markup.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 7277
diff changeset
436 applicable to sockets.
1471
2ec96140a36b Restructured library documentation
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
437
7823
0575d5a17218 Use {methoddesc} as appropriate.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 7712
diff changeset
438 \begin{methoddesc}[socket]{accept}{}
1471
2ec96140a36b Restructured library documentation
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
439 Accept a connection.
2ec96140a36b Restructured library documentation
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
440 The socket must be bound to an address and listening for connections.
2ec96140a36b Restructured library documentation
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
441 The return value is a pair \code{(\var{conn}, \var{address})}
2ec96140a36b Restructured library documentation
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
442 where \var{conn} is a \emph{new} socket object usable to send and
2ec96140a36b Restructured library documentation
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
443 receive data on the connection, and \var{address} is the address bound
2ec96140a36b Restructured library documentation
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
444 to the socket on the other end of the connection.
7823
0575d5a17218 Use {methoddesc} as appropriate.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 7712
diff changeset
445 \end{methoddesc}
1471
2ec96140a36b Restructured library documentation
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
446
7823
0575d5a17218 Use {methoddesc} as appropriate.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 7712
diff changeset
447 \begin{methoddesc}[socket]{bind}{address}
1682
2bcddc905da0 clarify the meaning of address for those methods that or return addresses
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 1567
diff changeset
448 Bind the socket to \var{address}. The socket must not already be bound.
12230
7bf8b10ce2ab Added notes about the eventual disappearance of two-parameter bind(),
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 12223
diff changeset
449 (The format of \var{address} depends on the address family --- see
20580
376ee174ecd0 Use the \note and \warning macros where appropriate.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 20574
diff changeset
450 above.) \note{This method has historically accepted a pair
12230
7bf8b10ce2ab Added notes about the eventual disappearance of two-parameter bind(),
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 12223
diff changeset
451 of parameters for \constant{AF_INET} addresses instead of only a
31862
dbd3fc214b66 #928751, fix typos in socket doc
Neal Norwitz <nnorwitz@gmail.com>
parents: 31432
diff changeset
452 tuple. This was never intentional and is no longer available in
dbd3fc214b66 #928751, fix typos in socket doc
Neal Norwitz <nnorwitz@gmail.com>
parents: 31432
diff changeset
453 Python 2.0 and later.}
7823
0575d5a17218 Use {methoddesc} as appropriate.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 7712
diff changeset
454 \end{methoddesc}
1471
2ec96140a36b Restructured library documentation
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
455
7823
0575d5a17218 Use {methoddesc} as appropriate.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 7712
diff changeset
456 \begin{methoddesc}[socket]{close}{}
1471
2ec96140a36b Restructured library documentation
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
457 Close the socket. All future operations on the socket object will fail.
2ec96140a36b Restructured library documentation
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
458 The remote end will receive no more data (after queued data is flushed).
2ec96140a36b Restructured library documentation
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
459 Sockets are automatically closed when they are garbage-collected.
7823
0575d5a17218 Use {methoddesc} as appropriate.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 7712
diff changeset
460 \end{methoddesc}
1471
2ec96140a36b Restructured library documentation
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
461
7823
0575d5a17218 Use {methoddesc} as appropriate.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 7712
diff changeset
462 \begin{methoddesc}[socket]{connect}{address}
1682
2bcddc905da0 clarify the meaning of address for those methods that or return addresses
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 1567
diff changeset
463 Connect to a remote socket at \var{address}.
7632
d22cf666fa2c Logical markup.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 7277
diff changeset
464 (The format of \var{address} depends on the address family --- see
20580
376ee174ecd0 Use the \note and \warning macros where appropriate.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 20574
diff changeset
465 above.) \note{This method has historically accepted a pair
12230
7bf8b10ce2ab Added notes about the eventual disappearance of two-parameter bind(),
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 12223
diff changeset
466 of parameters for \constant{AF_INET} addresses instead of only a
15800
3a260274bcc6 SourceForge patch #103140, checked in at fdrake's invitation. Minor fixes and
Eric S. Raymond <esr@thyrsus.com>
parents: 15146
diff changeset
467 tuple. This was never intentional and is no longer available in
20580
376ee174ecd0 Use the \note and \warning macros where appropriate.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 20574
diff changeset
468 Python 2.0 and later.}
7823
0575d5a17218 Use {methoddesc} as appropriate.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 7712
diff changeset
469 \end{methoddesc}
1471
2ec96140a36b Restructured library documentation
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
470
7823
0575d5a17218 Use {methoddesc} as appropriate.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 7712
diff changeset
471 \begin{methoddesc}[socket]{connect_ex}{address}
6804
e224c41bdac6 Fix a little mess (Likecode{...} -> Like \code{...}) in recently added text.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 6783
diff changeset
472 Like \code{connect(\var{address})}, but return an error indicator
10836
efd1573a4b03 Updated connect_ex() documentation based on comments in the newgroup
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 10655
diff changeset
473 instead of raising an exception for errors returned by the C-level
efd1573a4b03 Updated connect_ex() documentation based on comments in the newgroup
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 10655
diff changeset
474 \cfunction{connect()} call (other problems, such as ``host not found,''
efd1573a4b03 Updated connect_ex() documentation based on comments in the newgroup
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 10655
diff changeset
475 can still raise exceptions). The error indicator is \code{0} if the
7632
d22cf666fa2c Logical markup.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 7277
diff changeset
476 operation succeeded, otherwise the value of the \cdata{errno}
21521
e0a5d16a9cb9 Add notes that fromfd() and s.makefile() are Unix-specific.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 21213
diff changeset
477 variable. This is useful to support, for example, asynchronous connects.
20580
376ee174ecd0 Use the \note and \warning macros where appropriate.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 20574
diff changeset
478 \note{This method has historically accepted a pair of
12230
7bf8b10ce2ab Added notes about the eventual disappearance of two-parameter bind(),
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 12223
diff changeset
479 parameters for \constant{AF_INET} addresses instead of only a tuple.
31862
dbd3fc214b66 #928751, fix typos in socket doc
Neal Norwitz <nnorwitz@gmail.com>
parents: 31432
diff changeset
480 This was never intentional and is no longer available in Python
20580
376ee174ecd0 Use the \note and \warning macros where appropriate.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 20574
diff changeset
481 2.0 and later.}
7823
0575d5a17218 Use {methoddesc} as appropriate.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 7712
diff changeset
482 \end{methoddesc}
6587
e0e667bbc971 Document s.connect_ex(), which does not raise an exception on error.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 6482
diff changeset
483
7823
0575d5a17218 Use {methoddesc} as appropriate.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 7712
diff changeset
484 \begin{methoddesc}[socket]{fileno}{}
1471
2ec96140a36b Restructured library documentation
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
485 Return the socket's file descriptor (a small integer). This is useful
7632
d22cf666fa2c Logical markup.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 7277
diff changeset
486 with \function{select.select()}.
30048
2cfaca62a990 Add note about fileno not being usable as a normal file descriptor in Windows.
Brett Cannon <bcannon@gmail.com>
parents: 29949
diff changeset
487
2cfaca62a990 Add note about fileno not being usable as a normal file descriptor in Windows.
Brett Cannon <bcannon@gmail.com>
parents: 29949
diff changeset
488 Under Windows the small integer returned by this method cannot be used where
2cfaca62a990 Add note about fileno not being usable as a normal file descriptor in Windows.
Brett Cannon <bcannon@gmail.com>
parents: 29949
diff changeset
489 a file descriptor can be used (such as \function{os.fdopen()}). \UNIX{} does
2cfaca62a990 Add note about fileno not being usable as a normal file descriptor in Windows.
Brett Cannon <bcannon@gmail.com>
parents: 29949
diff changeset
490 not have this limitation.
7823
0575d5a17218 Use {methoddesc} as appropriate.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 7712
diff changeset
491 \end{methoddesc}
1471
2ec96140a36b Restructured library documentation
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
492
7823
0575d5a17218 Use {methoddesc} as appropriate.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 7712
diff changeset
493 \begin{methoddesc}[socket]{getpeername}{}
1471
2ec96140a36b Restructured library documentation
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
494 Return the remote address to which the socket is connected. This is
18995
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
495 useful to find out the port number of a remote IPv4/v6 socket, for instance.
2453
cdd3a721b40e a few typographical changes (e.g. -- => ---) and lots of new stuff in the WWW chapter
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 2447
diff changeset
496 (The format of the address returned depends on the address family ---
1759
4d421f9e8373 * Doc/libsocket.tex (subsection{Socket Object Methods}):
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 1750
diff changeset
497 see above.) On some systems this function is not supported.
7823
0575d5a17218 Use {methoddesc} as appropriate.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 7712
diff changeset
498 \end{methoddesc}
1471
2ec96140a36b Restructured library documentation
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
499
7823
0575d5a17218 Use {methoddesc} as appropriate.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 7712
diff changeset
500 \begin{methoddesc}[socket]{getsockname}{}
1471
2ec96140a36b Restructured library documentation
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
501 Return the socket's own address. This is useful to find out the port
18995
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
502 number of an IPv4/v6 socket, for instance.
2453
cdd3a721b40e a few typographical changes (e.g. -- => ---) and lots of new stuff in the WWW chapter
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 2447
diff changeset
503 (The format of the address returned depends on the address family ---
1682
2bcddc905da0 clarify the meaning of address for those methods that or return addresses
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 1567
diff changeset
504 see above.)
7823
0575d5a17218 Use {methoddesc} as appropriate.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 7712
diff changeset
505 \end{methoddesc}
1471
2ec96140a36b Restructured library documentation
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
506
7823
0575d5a17218 Use {methoddesc} as appropriate.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 7712
diff changeset
507 \begin{methoddesc}[socket]{getsockopt}{level, optname\optional{, buflen}}
1471
2ec96140a36b Restructured library documentation
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
508 Return the value of the given socket option (see the \UNIX{} man page
7632
d22cf666fa2c Logical markup.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 7277
diff changeset
509 \manpage{getsockopt}{2}). The needed symbolic constants
d22cf666fa2c Logical markup.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 7277
diff changeset
510 (\constant{SO_*} etc.) are defined in this module. If \var{buflen}
2576
f47bc5554418 mass changes; fix titles; add examples; correct typos; clarifications;
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 2527
diff changeset
511 is absent, an integer option is assumed and its integer value
2447
73499a667e78 changes refs to SO_* symbols
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 2354
diff changeset
512 is returned by the function. If \var{buflen} is present, it specifies
73499a667e78 changes refs to SO_* symbols
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 2354
diff changeset
513 the maximum length of the buffer used to receive the option in, and
2576
f47bc5554418 mass changes; fix titles; add examples; correct typos; clarifications;
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 2527
diff changeset
514 this buffer is returned as a string. It is up to the caller to decode
2447
73499a667e78 changes refs to SO_* symbols
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 2354
diff changeset
515 the contents of the buffer (see the optional built-in module
10655
299bf53e6861 Logical markup nits.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 8918
diff changeset
516 \refmodule{struct} for a way to decode C structures encoded as strings).
7823
0575d5a17218 Use {methoddesc} as appropriate.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 7712
diff changeset
517 \end{methoddesc}
1471
2ec96140a36b Restructured library documentation
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
518
7823
0575d5a17218 Use {methoddesc} as appropriate.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 7712
diff changeset
519 \begin{methoddesc}[socket]{listen}{backlog}
2576
f47bc5554418 mass changes; fix titles; add examples; correct typos; clarifications;
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 2527
diff changeset
520 Listen for connections made to the socket. The \var{backlog} argument
f47bc5554418 mass changes; fix titles; add examples; correct typos; clarifications;
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 2527
diff changeset
521 specifies the maximum number of queued connections and should be at
f47bc5554418 mass changes; fix titles; add examples; correct typos; clarifications;
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 2527
diff changeset
522 least 1; the maximum value is system-dependent (usually 5).
7823
0575d5a17218 Use {methoddesc} as appropriate.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 7712
diff changeset
523 \end{methoddesc}
1471
2ec96140a36b Restructured library documentation
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
524
7823
0575d5a17218 Use {methoddesc} as appropriate.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 7712
diff changeset
525 \begin{methoddesc}[socket]{makefile}{\optional{mode\optional{, bufsize}}}
2576
f47bc5554418 mass changes; fix titles; add examples; correct typos; clarifications;
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 2527
diff changeset
526 Return a \dfn{file object} associated with the socket. (File objects
11178
245d2b605036 Add index entry "I/O control, buffering" for makefile().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 10836
diff changeset
527 are described in \ref{bltin-file-objects}, ``File Objects.'')
7632
d22cf666fa2c Logical markup.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 7277
diff changeset
528 The file object references a \cfunction{dup()}ped version of the
d22cf666fa2c Logical markup.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 7277
diff changeset
529 socket file descriptor, so the file object and socket object may be
11178
245d2b605036 Add index entry "I/O control, buffering" for makefile().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 10836
diff changeset
530 closed or garbage-collected independently.
23730
af8d40e4c377 Clarify the interaction between timeout/non-blocking mode, makefile
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 23729
diff changeset
531 The socket should be in blocking mode.
11178
245d2b605036 Add index entry "I/O control, buffering" for makefile().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 10836
diff changeset
532 \index{I/O control!buffering}The optional \var{mode}
7632
d22cf666fa2c Logical markup.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 7277
diff changeset
533 and \var{bufsize} arguments are interpreted the same way as by the
20574
5af6c89c8cb7 When stating that some parameters to makefile() are similar to the open()
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 20375
diff changeset
534 built-in \function{file()} function; see ``Built-in Functions''
5af6c89c8cb7 When stating that some parameters to makefile() are similar to the open()
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 20375
diff changeset
535 (section \ref{built-in-funcs}) for more information.
7823
0575d5a17218 Use {methoddesc} as appropriate.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 7712
diff changeset
536 \end{methoddesc}
1471
2ec96140a36b Restructured library documentation
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
537
7823
0575d5a17218 Use {methoddesc} as appropriate.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 7712
diff changeset
538 \begin{methoddesc}[socket]{recv}{bufsize\optional{, flags}}
1471
2ec96140a36b Restructured library documentation
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
539 Receive data from the socket. The return value is a string representing
2ec96140a36b Restructured library documentation
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
540 the data received. The maximum amount of data to be received
2ec96140a36b Restructured library documentation
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
541 at once is specified by \var{bufsize}. See the \UNIX{} manual page
7632
d22cf666fa2c Logical markup.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 7277
diff changeset
542 \manpage{recv}{2} for the meaning of the optional argument
d22cf666fa2c Logical markup.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 7277
diff changeset
543 \var{flags}; it defaults to zero.
7823
0575d5a17218 Use {methoddesc} as appropriate.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 7712
diff changeset
544 \end{methoddesc}
1471
2ec96140a36b Restructured library documentation
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
545
7823
0575d5a17218 Use {methoddesc} as appropriate.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 7712
diff changeset
546 \begin{methoddesc}[socket]{recvfrom}{bufsize\optional{, flags}}
1471
2ec96140a36b Restructured library documentation
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
547 Receive data from the socket. The return value is a pair
2ec96140a36b Restructured library documentation
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
548 \code{(\var{string}, \var{address})} where \var{string} is a string
2ec96140a36b Restructured library documentation
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
549 representing the data received and \var{address} is the address of the
2576
f47bc5554418 mass changes; fix titles; add examples; correct typos; clarifications;
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 2527
diff changeset
550 socket sending the data. The optional \var{flags} argument has the
7632
d22cf666fa2c Logical markup.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 7277
diff changeset
551 same meaning as for \method{recv()} above.
2453
cdd3a721b40e a few typographical changes (e.g. -- => ---) and lots of new stuff in the WWW chapter
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 2447
diff changeset
552 (The format of \var{address} depends on the address family --- see above.)
7823
0575d5a17218 Use {methoddesc} as appropriate.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 7712
diff changeset
553 \end{methoddesc}
1471
2ec96140a36b Restructured library documentation
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
554
7823
0575d5a17218 Use {methoddesc} as appropriate.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 7712
diff changeset
555 \begin{methoddesc}[socket]{send}{string\optional{, flags}}
1471
2ec96140a36b Restructured library documentation
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
556 Send data to the socket. The socket must be connected to a remote
2576
f47bc5554418 mass changes; fix titles; add examples; correct typos; clarifications;
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 2527
diff changeset
557 socket. The optional \var{flags} argument has the same meaning as for
7632
d22cf666fa2c Logical markup.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 7277
diff changeset
558 \method{recv()} above. Returns the number of bytes sent.
21213
3b09ea723ece Added documentation of the sendall() method, and a note to the send() method
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 20580
diff changeset
559 Applications are responsible for checking that all data has been sent;
3b09ea723ece Added documentation of the sendall() method, and a note to the send() method
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 20580
diff changeset
560 if only some of the data was transmitted, the application needs to
3b09ea723ece Added documentation of the sendall() method, and a note to the send() method
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 20580
diff changeset
561 attempt delivery of the remaining data.
3b09ea723ece Added documentation of the sendall() method, and a note to the send() method
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 20580
diff changeset
562 \end{methoddesc}
3b09ea723ece Added documentation of the sendall() method, and a note to the send() method
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 20580
diff changeset
563
3b09ea723ece Added documentation of the sendall() method, and a note to the send() method
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 20580
diff changeset
564 \begin{methoddesc}[socket]{sendall}{string\optional{, flags}}
3b09ea723ece Added documentation of the sendall() method, and a note to the send() method
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 20580
diff changeset
565 Send data to the socket. The socket must be connected to a remote
3b09ea723ece Added documentation of the sendall() method, and a note to the send() method
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 20580
diff changeset
566 socket. The optional \var{flags} argument has the same meaning as for
3b09ea723ece Added documentation of the sendall() method, and a note to the send() method
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 20580
diff changeset
567 \method{recv()} above. Unlike \method{send()}, this method continues
3b09ea723ece Added documentation of the sendall() method, and a note to the send() method
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 20580
diff changeset
568 to send data from \var{string} until either all data has been sent or
3b09ea723ece Added documentation of the sendall() method, and a note to the send() method
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 20580
diff changeset
569 an error occurs. \code{None} is returned on success. On error, an
3b09ea723ece Added documentation of the sendall() method, and a note to the send() method
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 20580
diff changeset
570 exception is raised, and there is no way to determine how much data,
3b09ea723ece Added documentation of the sendall() method, and a note to the send() method
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 20580
diff changeset
571 if any, was successfully sent.
7823
0575d5a17218 Use {methoddesc} as appropriate.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 7712
diff changeset
572 \end{methoddesc}
1471
2ec96140a36b Restructured library documentation
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
573
7823
0575d5a17218 Use {methoddesc} as appropriate.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 7712
diff changeset
574 \begin{methoddesc}[socket]{sendto}{string\optional{, flags}, address}
1471
2ec96140a36b Restructured library documentation
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
575 Send data to the socket. The socket should not be connected to a
2ec96140a36b Restructured library documentation
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
576 remote socket, since the destination socket is specified by
7632
d22cf666fa2c Logical markup.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 7277
diff changeset
577 \var{address}. The optional \var{flags} argument has the same
d22cf666fa2c Logical markup.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 7277
diff changeset
578 meaning as for \method{recv()} above. Return the number of bytes sent.
2453
cdd3a721b40e a few typographical changes (e.g. -- => ---) and lots of new stuff in the WWW chapter
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 2447
diff changeset
579 (The format of \var{address} depends on the address family --- see above.)
7823
0575d5a17218 Use {methoddesc} as appropriate.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 7712
diff changeset
580 \end{methoddesc}
1471
2ec96140a36b Restructured library documentation
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
581
7823
0575d5a17218 Use {methoddesc} as appropriate.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 7712
diff changeset
582 \begin{methoddesc}[socket]{setblocking}{flag}
1871
10a12473ee93 added Tommy Burnette's setblocking() method
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 1767
diff changeset
583 Set blocking or non-blocking mode of the socket: if \var{flag} is 0,
10a12473ee93 added Tommy Burnette's setblocking() method
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 1767
diff changeset
584 the socket is set to non-blocking, else to blocking mode. Initially
10a12473ee93 added Tommy Burnette's setblocking() method
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 1767
diff changeset
585 all sockets are in blocking mode. In non-blocking mode, if a
10655
299bf53e6861 Logical markup nits.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 8918
diff changeset
586 \method{recv()} call doesn't find any data, or if a
299bf53e6861 Logical markup nits.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 8918
diff changeset
587 \method{send()} call can't immediately dispose of the data, a
299bf53e6861 Logical markup nits.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 8918
diff changeset
588 \exception{error} exception is raised; in blocking mode, the calls
299bf53e6861 Logical markup nits.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 8918
diff changeset
589 block until they can proceed.
23815
203d1412a7e8 Major overhaul of timeout sockets:
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 23730
diff changeset
590 \code{s.setblocking(0)} is equivalent to \code{s.settimeout(0)};
203d1412a7e8 Major overhaul of timeout sockets:
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 23730
diff changeset
591 \code{s.setblocking(1)} is equivalent to \code{s.settimeout(None)}.
7823
0575d5a17218 Use {methoddesc} as appropriate.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 7712
diff changeset
592 \end{methoddesc}
1871
10a12473ee93 added Tommy Burnette's setblocking() method
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 1767
diff changeset
593
23717
77154cef29d1 SF patch 555085 (timeout socket implementation) by Michael Gilfix.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 21528
diff changeset
594 \begin{methoddesc}[socket]{settimeout}{value}
23815
203d1412a7e8 Major overhaul of timeout sockets:
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 23730
diff changeset
595 Set a timeout on blocking socket operations. The \var{value} argument
203d1412a7e8 Major overhaul of timeout sockets:
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 23730
diff changeset
596 can be a nonnegative float expressing seconds, or \code{None}.
203d1412a7e8 Major overhaul of timeout sockets:
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 23730
diff changeset
597 If a float is
29665
d7626b80de95 SF patch #760257: add socket.timeout exception
Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com>
parents: 29560
diff changeset
598 given, subsequent socket operations will raise an \exception{timeout}
23728
5562a499fb7f Clarify the interaction between blocking and timeouts. Explain that
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 23720
diff changeset
599 exception if the timeout period \var{value} has elapsed before the
5562a499fb7f Clarify the interaction between blocking and timeouts. Explain that
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 23720
diff changeset
600 operation has completed. Setting a timeout of \code{None} disables
5562a499fb7f Clarify the interaction between blocking and timeouts. Explain that
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 23720
diff changeset
601 timeouts on socket operations.
29560
a296214d2ebb SF #757229, fix libsocket.tex typo
Neal Norwitz <nnorwitz@gmail.com>
parents: 28844
diff changeset
602 \code{s.settimeout(0.0)} is equivalent to \code{s.setblocking(0)};
23815
203d1412a7e8 Major overhaul of timeout sockets:
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 23730
diff changeset
603 \code{s.settimeout(None)} is equivalent to \code{s.setblocking(1)}.
23720
b062085c1ff2 Add version info, and fix another typo and wording spotted by /F. I think this is what he meant. :-)
Neal Norwitz <nnorwitz@gmail.com>
parents: 23719
diff changeset
604 \versionadded{2.3}
23717
77154cef29d1 SF patch 555085 (timeout socket implementation) by Michael Gilfix.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 21528
diff changeset
605 \end{methoddesc}
77154cef29d1 SF patch 555085 (timeout socket implementation) by Michael Gilfix.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 21528
diff changeset
606
77154cef29d1 SF patch 555085 (timeout socket implementation) by Michael Gilfix.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 21528
diff changeset
607 \begin{methoddesc}[socket]{gettimeout}{}
23718
444954c5434c Fix some markup errors and adjust wording slightly.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 23717
diff changeset
608 Returns the timeout in floating seconds associated with socket
23815
203d1412a7e8 Major overhaul of timeout sockets:
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 23730
diff changeset
609 operations, or \code{None} if no timeout is set. This reflects
203d1412a7e8 Major overhaul of timeout sockets:
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 23730
diff changeset
610 the last call to \method{setblocking()} or \method{settimeout()}.
23720
b062085c1ff2 Add version info, and fix another typo and wording spotted by /F. I think this is what he meant. :-)
Neal Norwitz <nnorwitz@gmail.com>
parents: 23719
diff changeset
611 \versionadded{2.3}
23717
77154cef29d1 SF patch 555085 (timeout socket implementation) by Michael Gilfix.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 21528
diff changeset
612 \end{methoddesc}
77154cef29d1 SF patch 555085 (timeout socket implementation) by Michael Gilfix.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 21528
diff changeset
613
23815
203d1412a7e8 Major overhaul of timeout sockets:
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 23730
diff changeset
614 Some notes on socket blocking and timeouts: A socket object can be in
29949
ad09687aaaa0 SF bug #774411: Typo in socket documentation
Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com>
parents: 29665
diff changeset
615 one of three modes: blocking, non-blocking, or timeout. Sockets are
23815
203d1412a7e8 Major overhaul of timeout sockets:
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 23730
diff changeset
616 always created in blocking mode. In blocking mode, operations block
203d1412a7e8 Major overhaul of timeout sockets:
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 23730
diff changeset
617 until complete. In non-blocking mode, operations fail (with an error
203d1412a7e8 Major overhaul of timeout sockets:
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 23730
diff changeset
618 that is unfortunately system-dependent) if they cannot be completed
203d1412a7e8 Major overhaul of timeout sockets:
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 23730
diff changeset
619 immediately. In timeout mode, operations fail if they cannot be
203d1412a7e8 Major overhaul of timeout sockets:
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 23730
diff changeset
620 completed within the timeout specified for the socket. The
203d1412a7e8 Major overhaul of timeout sockets:
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 23730
diff changeset
621 \method{setblocking()} method is simply a shorthand for certain
203d1412a7e8 Major overhaul of timeout sockets:
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 23730
diff changeset
622 \method{settimeout()} calls.
23717
77154cef29d1 SF patch 555085 (timeout socket implementation) by Michael Gilfix.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 21528
diff changeset
623
23730
af8d40e4c377 Clarify the interaction between timeout/non-blocking mode, makefile
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 23729
diff changeset
624 Timeout mode internally sets the socket in non-blocking mode. The
af8d40e4c377 Clarify the interaction between timeout/non-blocking mode, makefile
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 23729
diff changeset
625 blocking and timeout modes are shared between file descriptors and
af8d40e4c377 Clarify the interaction between timeout/non-blocking mode, makefile
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 23729
diff changeset
626 socket objects that refer to the same network endpoint. A consequence
af8d40e4c377 Clarify the interaction between timeout/non-blocking mode, makefile
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 23729
diff changeset
627 of this is that file objects returned by the \method{makefile()}
af8d40e4c377 Clarify the interaction between timeout/non-blocking mode, makefile
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 23729
diff changeset
628 method should only be used when the socket is in blocking mode; in
af8d40e4c377 Clarify the interaction between timeout/non-blocking mode, makefile
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 23729
diff changeset
629 timeout or non-blocking mode file operations that cannot be completed
af8d40e4c377 Clarify the interaction between timeout/non-blocking mode, makefile
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 23729
diff changeset
630 immediately will fail.
af8d40e4c377 Clarify the interaction between timeout/non-blocking mode, makefile
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 23729
diff changeset
631
31181
e5d97ab710a2 After hearing from someone who gave up on timeout sockets due to a
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 31027
diff changeset
632 Note that the \method{connect()} operation is subject to the timeout
e5d97ab710a2 After hearing from someone who gave up on timeout sockets due to a
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 31027
diff changeset
633 setting, and in general it is recommended to call
e5d97ab710a2 After hearing from someone who gave up on timeout sockets due to a
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 31027
diff changeset
634 \method{settimeout()} before calling \method{connect()}.
e5d97ab710a2 After hearing from someone who gave up on timeout sockets due to a
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 31027
diff changeset
635
7823
0575d5a17218 Use {methoddesc} as appropriate.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 7712
diff changeset
636 \begin{methoddesc}[socket]{setsockopt}{level, optname, value}
13178
d37374552a15 Say "manual page", not "man page", when referring to the Unix manual.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 12571
diff changeset
637 Set the value of the given socket option (see the \UNIX{} manual page
7632
d22cf666fa2c Logical markup.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 7277
diff changeset
638 \manpage{setsockopt}{2}). The needed symbolic constants are defined in
28844
cd82253f20b7 - add availability statements for some of the new APIs
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 28837
diff changeset
639 the \module{socket} module (\constant{SO_*} etc.). The value can be an
2447
73499a667e78 changes refs to SO_* symbols
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 2354
diff changeset
640 integer or a string representing a buffer. In the latter case it is
73499a667e78 changes refs to SO_* symbols
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 2354
diff changeset
641 up to the caller to ensure that the string contains the proper bits
73499a667e78 changes refs to SO_* symbols
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 2354
diff changeset
642 (see the optional built-in module
10655
299bf53e6861 Logical markup nits.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 8918
diff changeset
643 \refmodule{struct}\refbimodindex{struct} for a way to encode C
299bf53e6861 Logical markup nits.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 8918
diff changeset
644 structures as strings).
7823
0575d5a17218 Use {methoddesc} as appropriate.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 7712
diff changeset
645 \end{methoddesc}
1471
2ec96140a36b Restructured library documentation
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
646
7823
0575d5a17218 Use {methoddesc} as appropriate.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 7712
diff changeset
647 \begin{methoddesc}[socket]{shutdown}{how}
7632
d22cf666fa2c Logical markup.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 7277
diff changeset
648 Shut down one or both halves of the connection. If \var{how} is
31027
bf038986cb8f Patch #849595: Add socket.shutdown() constants.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 30048
diff changeset
649 \constant{SHUT_RD}, further receives are disallowed. If \var{how} is \constant{SHUT_WR},
bf038986cb8f Patch #849595: Add socket.shutdown() constants.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 30048
diff changeset
650 further sends are disallowed. If \var{how} is \constant{SHUT_RDWR}, further sends
7632
d22cf666fa2c Logical markup.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 7277
diff changeset
651 and receives are disallowed.
7823
0575d5a17218 Use {methoddesc} as appropriate.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 7712
diff changeset
652 \end{methoddesc}
1471
2ec96140a36b Restructured library documentation
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
653
7632
d22cf666fa2c Logical markup.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 7277
diff changeset
654 Note that there are no methods \method{read()} or \method{write()};
d22cf666fa2c Logical markup.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 7277
diff changeset
655 use \method{recv()} and \method{send()} without \var{flags} argument
d22cf666fa2c Logical markup.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 7277
diff changeset
656 instead.
1471
2ec96140a36b Restructured library documentation
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
657
13386
3f08bedc1c26 Clean up markup to be more like recommended practice; only small changes
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 13178
diff changeset
658
20082
18df32f6cea1 Added documentation for the SSL interface, contributed by Gerhard Häring.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 18995
diff changeset
659 \subsection{SSL Objects \label{ssl-objects}}
18df32f6cea1 Added documentation for the SSL interface, contributed by Gerhard Häring.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 18995
diff changeset
660
18df32f6cea1 Added documentation for the SSL interface, contributed by Gerhard Häring.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 18995
diff changeset
661 SSL objects have the following methods.
18df32f6cea1 Added documentation for the SSL interface, contributed by Gerhard Häring.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 18995
diff changeset
662
18df32f6cea1 Added documentation for the SSL interface, contributed by Gerhard Häring.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 18995
diff changeset
663 \begin{methoddesc}{write}{s}
18df32f6cea1 Added documentation for the SSL interface, contributed by Gerhard Häring.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 18995
diff changeset
664 Writes the string \var{s} to the on the object's SSL connection.
18df32f6cea1 Added documentation for the SSL interface, contributed by Gerhard Häring.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 18995
diff changeset
665 The return value is the number of bytes written.
18df32f6cea1 Added documentation for the SSL interface, contributed by Gerhard Häring.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 18995
diff changeset
666 \end{methoddesc}
18df32f6cea1 Added documentation for the SSL interface, contributed by Gerhard Häring.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 18995
diff changeset
667
18df32f6cea1 Added documentation for the SSL interface, contributed by Gerhard Häring.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 18995
diff changeset
668 \begin{methoddesc}{read}{\optional{n}}
18df32f6cea1 Added documentation for the SSL interface, contributed by Gerhard Häring.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 18995
diff changeset
669 If \var{n} is provided, read \var{n} bytes from the SSL connection, otherwise
18df32f6cea1 Added documentation for the SSL interface, contributed by Gerhard Häring.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 18995
diff changeset
670 read until EOF. The return value is a string of the bytes read.
18df32f6cea1 Added documentation for the SSL interface, contributed by Gerhard Häring.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 18995
diff changeset
671 \end{methoddesc}
18df32f6cea1 Added documentation for the SSL interface, contributed by Gerhard Häring.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 18995
diff changeset
672
13386
3f08bedc1c26 Clean up markup to be more like recommended practice; only small changes
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 13178
diff changeset
673 \subsection{Example \label{socket-example}}
1471
2ec96140a36b Restructured library documentation
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
674
18995
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
675 Here are four minimal example programs using the TCP/IP protocol:\ a
1471
2ec96140a36b Restructured library documentation
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
676 server that echoes all data that it receives back (servicing only one
2ec96140a36b Restructured library documentation
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
677 client), and a client using it. Note that a server must perform the
7632
d22cf666fa2c Logical markup.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 7277
diff changeset
678 sequence \function{socket()}, \method{bind()}, \method{listen()},
d22cf666fa2c Logical markup.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 7277
diff changeset
679 \method{accept()} (possibly repeating the \method{accept()} to service
d22cf666fa2c Logical markup.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 7277
diff changeset
680 more than one client), while a client only needs the sequence
d22cf666fa2c Logical markup.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 7277
diff changeset
681 \function{socket()}, \method{connect()}. Also note that the server
d22cf666fa2c Logical markup.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 7277
diff changeset
682 does not \method{send()}/\method{recv()} on the
1471
2ec96140a36b Restructured library documentation
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
683 socket it is listening on but on the new socket returned by
7632
d22cf666fa2c Logical markup.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 7277
diff changeset
684 \method{accept()}.
1471
2ec96140a36b Restructured library documentation
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
685
18995
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
686 The first two examples support IPv4 only.
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
687
7277
bf4e790bd61a Remove all \bcode / \ecode cruft; this is no longer needed. See previous
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 7200
diff changeset
688 \begin{verbatim}
1471
2ec96140a36b Restructured library documentation
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
689 # Echo server program
15146
5cf0a02a574b Revise the examples not to use the "from socket import *", and adjust
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 14437
diff changeset
690 import socket
5cf0a02a574b Revise the examples not to use the "from socket import *", and adjust
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 14437
diff changeset
691
1471
2ec96140a36b Restructured library documentation
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
692 HOST = '' # Symbolic name meaning the local host
15146
5cf0a02a574b Revise the examples not to use the "from socket import *", and adjust
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 14437
diff changeset
693 PORT = 50007 # Arbitrary non-privileged port
5cf0a02a574b Revise the examples not to use the "from socket import *", and adjust
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 14437
diff changeset
694 s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
12571
8bcd14313c11 Someone found the examples of poor practice on socket addresses!
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 12230
diff changeset
695 s.bind((HOST, PORT))
1567
dddcba2038bc adapt to min value of 1 for listen() backlog argument
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 1483
diff changeset
696 s.listen(1)
1471
2ec96140a36b Restructured library documentation
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
697 conn, addr = s.accept()
2ec96140a36b Restructured library documentation
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
698 print 'Connected by', addr
2ec96140a36b Restructured library documentation
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
699 while 1:
2ec96140a36b Restructured library documentation
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
700 data = conn.recv(1024)
2ec96140a36b Restructured library documentation
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
701 if not data: break
2ec96140a36b Restructured library documentation
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
702 conn.send(data)
2ec96140a36b Restructured library documentation
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
703 conn.close()
7277
bf4e790bd61a Remove all \bcode / \ecode cruft; this is no longer needed. See previous
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 7200
diff changeset
704 \end{verbatim}
7632
d22cf666fa2c Logical markup.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 7277
diff changeset
705
7277
bf4e790bd61a Remove all \bcode / \ecode cruft; this is no longer needed. See previous
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 7200
diff changeset
706 \begin{verbatim}
1471
2ec96140a36b Restructured library documentation
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
707 # Echo client program
15146
5cf0a02a574b Revise the examples not to use the "from socket import *", and adjust
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 14437
diff changeset
708 import socket
5cf0a02a574b Revise the examples not to use the "from socket import *", and adjust
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 14437
diff changeset
709
1471
2ec96140a36b Restructured library documentation
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
710 HOST = 'daring.cwi.nl' # The remote host
2ec96140a36b Restructured library documentation
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
711 PORT = 50007 # The same port as used by the server
15146
5cf0a02a574b Revise the examples not to use the "from socket import *", and adjust
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 14437
diff changeset
712 s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
12571
8bcd14313c11 Someone found the examples of poor practice on socket addresses!
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 12230
diff changeset
713 s.connect((HOST, PORT))
1471
2ec96140a36b Restructured library documentation
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
714 s.send('Hello, world')
2ec96140a36b Restructured library documentation
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
715 data = s.recv(1024)
2ec96140a36b Restructured library documentation
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
716 s.close()
32231
525abc66bcc2 avoid backticks in examples; use repr() instead
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 31976
diff changeset
717 print 'Received', repr(data)
7277
bf4e790bd61a Remove all \bcode / \ecode cruft; this is no longer needed. See previous
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 7200
diff changeset
718 \end{verbatim}
18995
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
719
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
720 The next two examples are identical to the above two, but support both
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
721 IPv4 and IPv6.
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
722 The server side will listen to the first address family available
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
723 (it should listen to both instead).
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
724 On most of IPv6-ready systems, IPv6 will take precedence
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
725 and the server may not accept IPv4 traffic.
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
726 The client side will try to connect to the all addresses returned as a result
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
727 of the name resolution, and sends traffic to the first one connected
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
728 successfully.
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
729
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
730 \begin{verbatim}
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
731 # Echo server program
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
732 import socket
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
733 import sys
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
734
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
735 HOST = '' # Symbolic name meaning the local host
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
736 PORT = 50007 # Arbitrary non-privileged port
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
737 s = None
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
738 for res in socket.getaddrinfo(HOST, PORT, socket.AF_UNSPEC, socket.SOCK_STREAM, 0, socket.AI_PASSIVE):
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
739 af, socktype, proto, canonname, sa = res
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
740 try:
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
741 s = socket.socket(af, socktype, proto)
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
742 except socket.error, msg:
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
743 s = None
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
744 continue
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
745 try:
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
746 s.bind(sa)
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
747 s.listen(1)
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
748 except socket.error, msg:
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
749 s.close()
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
750 s = None
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
751 continue
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
752 break
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
753 if s is None:
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
754 print 'could not open socket'
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
755 sys.exit(1)
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
756 conn, addr = s.accept()
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
757 print 'Connected by', addr
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
758 while 1:
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
759 data = conn.recv(1024)
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
760 if not data: break
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
761 conn.send(data)
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
762 conn.close()
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
763 \end{verbatim}
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
764
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
765 \begin{verbatim}
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
766 # Echo client program
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
767 import socket
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
768 import sys
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
769
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
770 HOST = 'daring.cwi.nl' # The remote host
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
771 PORT = 50007 # The same port as used by the server
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
772 s = None
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
773 for res in socket.getaddrinfo(HOST, PORT, socket.AF_UNSPEC, socket.SOCK_STREAM):
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
774 af, socktype, proto, canonname, sa = res
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
775 try:
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
776 s = socket.socket(af, socktype, proto)
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
777 except socket.error, msg:
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
778 s = None
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
779 continue
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
780 try:
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
781 s.connect(sa)
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
782 except socket.error, msg:
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
783 s.close()
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
784 s = None
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
785 continue
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
786 break
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
787 if s is None:
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
788 print 'could not open socket'
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
789 sys.exit(1)
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
790 s.send('Hello, world')
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
791 data = s.recv(1024)
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
792 s.close()
32231
525abc66bcc2 avoid backticks in examples; use repr() instead
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 31976
diff changeset
793 print 'Received', repr(data)
18995
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
794 \end{verbatim}