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annotate Lib/pprint.py @ 32273:95287cddbc1e legacy-trunk

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add -L flag to cause leaks(1) command to run just before exit
author Skip Montanaro <skip@pobox.com>
date Sun, 06 Jun 2004 15:53:18 +0000
parents 7e3a2c274b36
children 6771e1840bbc
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1 # Author: Fred L. Drake, Jr.
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2 # fdrake@acm.org
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3 #
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4 # This is a simple little module I wrote to make life easier. I didn't
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5 # see anything quite like it in the library, though I may have overlooked
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6 # something. I wrote this when I was trying to read some heavily nested
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7 # tuples with fairly non-descriptive content. This is modeled very much
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8 # after Lisp/Scheme - style pretty-printing of lists. If you find it
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9 # useful, thank small children who sleep at night.
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10
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11 """Support to pretty-print lists, tuples, & dictionaries recursively.
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12
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13 Very simple, but useful, especially in debugging data structures.
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14
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15 Classes
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16 -------
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17
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18 PrettyPrinter()
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19 Handle pretty-printing operations onto a stream using a configured
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20 set of formatting parameters.
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21
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22 Functions
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23 ---------
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24
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25 pformat()
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26 Format a Python object into a pretty-printed representation.
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27
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28 pprint()
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29 Pretty-print a Python object to a stream [default is sys.stdout].
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30
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31 saferepr()
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32 Generate a 'standard' repr()-like value, but protect against recursive
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33 data structures.
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34
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35 """
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36
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37 import sys as _sys
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38
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39 from cStringIO import StringIO as _StringIO
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40
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41 __all__ = ["pprint","pformat","isreadable","isrecursive","saferepr",
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42 "PrettyPrinter"]
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43
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44 # cache these for faster access:
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45 _commajoin = ", ".join
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46 _id = id
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47 _len = len
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48 _type = type
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49
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50
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51 def pprint(object, stream=None, indent=1, width=80, depth=None):
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52 """Pretty-print a Python object to a stream [default is sys.stdout]."""
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53 printer = PrettyPrinter(
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54 stream=stream, indent=indent, width=width, depth=depth)
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55 printer.pprint(object)
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56
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57 def pformat(object, indent=1, width=80, depth=None):
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58 """Format a Python object into a pretty-printed representation."""
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59 return PrettyPrinter(indent=indent, width=width, depth=depth).pformat(object)
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60
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61 def saferepr(object):
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62 """Version of repr() which can handle recursive data structures."""
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63 return _safe_repr(object, {}, None, 0)[0]
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64
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65 def isreadable(object):
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66 """Determine if saferepr(object) is readable by eval()."""
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67 return _safe_repr(object, {}, None, 0)[1]
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68
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69 def isrecursive(object):
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70 """Determine if object requires a recursive representation."""
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71 return _safe_repr(object, {}, None, 0)[2]
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72
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73 class PrettyPrinter:
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74 def __init__(self, indent=1, width=80, depth=None, stream=None):
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75 """Handle pretty printing operations onto a stream using a set of
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76 configured parameters.
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77
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78 indent
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79 Number of spaces to indent for each level of nesting.
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80
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81 width
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82 Attempted maximum number of columns in the output.
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83
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84 depth
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85 The maximum depth to print out nested structures.
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86
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87 stream
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88 The desired output stream. If omitted (or false), the standard
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89 output stream available at construction will be used.
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90
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91 """
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92 indent = int(indent)
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93 width = int(width)
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94 assert indent >= 0, "indent must be >= 0"
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95 assert depth is None or depth > 0, "depth must be > 0"
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96 assert width, "width must be != 0"
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97 self._depth = depth
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98 self._indent_per_level = indent
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99 self._width = width
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100 if stream is not None:
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101 self._stream = stream
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102 else:
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103 self._stream = _sys.stdout
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104
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105 def pprint(self, object):
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106 self._stream.write(self.pformat(object) + "\n")
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107
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108 def pformat(self, object):
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109 sio = _StringIO()
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110 self._format(object, sio, 0, 0, {}, 0)
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111 return sio.getvalue()
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112
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113 def isrecursive(self, object):
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114 return self.format(object, {}, 0, 0)[2]
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115
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116 def isreadable(self, object):
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117 s, readable, recursive = self.format(object, {}, 0, 0)
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118 return readable and not recursive
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119
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120 def _format(self, object, stream, indent, allowance, context, level):
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121 level = level + 1
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122 objid = _id(object)
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123 if objid in context:
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124 stream.write(_recursion(object))
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125 self._recursive = True
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126 self._readable = False
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127 return
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128 rep = self._repr(object, context, level - 1)
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129 typ = _type(object)
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130 sepLines = _len(rep) > (self._width - 1 - indent - allowance)
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131 write = stream.write
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Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
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132
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diff changeset
133 if sepLines:
31084
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134 r = typ.__repr__
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135 if issubclass(typ, dict) and r is dict.__repr__:
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136 write('{')
24131
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137 if self._indent_per_level > 1:
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138 write((self._indent_per_level - 1) * ' ')
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139 length = _len(object)
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diff changeset
140 if length:
261a70c0aa79 Brute-force performance hackery; buys back about 20% of the time for
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141 context[objid] = 1
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142 indent = indent + self._indent_per_level
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143 items = object.items()
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144 items.sort()
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diff changeset
145 key, ent = items[0]
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146 rep = self._repr(key, context, level)
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147 write(rep)
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148 write(': ')
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149 self._format(ent, stream, indent + _len(rep) + 2,
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diff changeset
150 allowance + 1, context, level)
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diff changeset
151 if length > 1:
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152 for key, ent in items[1:]:
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153 rep = self._repr(key, context, level)
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1802a9edb4ee __format(): Applied SF patch #482003 by Skip to fix multiline dict
Barry Warsaw <barry@python.org>
parents: 20967
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154 write(',\n%s%s: ' % (' '*indent, rep))
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155 self._format(ent, stream, indent + _len(rep) + 2,
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156 allowance + 1, context, level)
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157 indent = indent - self._indent_per_level
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diff changeset
158 del context[objid]
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diff changeset
159 write('}')
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diff changeset
160 return
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parents:
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161
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162 if (issubclass(typ, list) and r is list.__repr__) or \
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parents: 29379
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163 (issubclass(typ, tuple) and r is tuple.__repr__):
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parents: 29379
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164 if issubclass(typ, list):
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165 write('[')
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diff changeset
166 endchar = ']'
261a70c0aa79 Brute-force performance hackery; buys back about 20% of the time for
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diff changeset
167 else:
261a70c0aa79 Brute-force performance hackery; buys back about 20% of the time for
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168 write('(')
261a70c0aa79 Brute-force performance hackery; buys back about 20% of the time for
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parents: 20348
diff changeset
169 endchar = ')'
24131
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170 if self._indent_per_level > 1:
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parents: 23622
diff changeset
171 write((self._indent_per_level - 1) * ' ')
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diff changeset
172 length = _len(object)
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diff changeset
173 if length:
261a70c0aa79 Brute-force performance hackery; buys back about 20% of the time for
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
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174 context[objid] = 1
24131
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parents: 23622
diff changeset
175 indent = indent + self._indent_per_level
e5ecef5a123a Change the "__ private" names to "_ protected"; this has been a pain for
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 23622
diff changeset
176 self._format(object[0], stream, indent, allowance + 1,
e5ecef5a123a Change the "__ private" names to "_ protected"; this has been a pain for
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parents: 23622
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177 context, level)
20819
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178 if length > 1:
261a70c0aa79 Brute-force performance hackery; buys back about 20% of the time for
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parents: 20348
diff changeset
179 for ent in object[1:]:
261a70c0aa79 Brute-force performance hackery; buys back about 20% of the time for
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diff changeset
180 write(',\n' + ' '*indent)
24131
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parents: 23622
diff changeset
181 self._format(ent, stream, indent,
20819
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parents: 20348
diff changeset
182 allowance + 1, context, level)
24131
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parents: 23622
diff changeset
183 indent = indent - self._indent_per_level
20819
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diff changeset
184 del context[objid]
31084
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Walter Dörwald <walter@livinglogic.de>
parents: 29379
diff changeset
185 if issubclass(typ, tuple) and length == 1:
20819
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diff changeset
186 write(',')
261a70c0aa79 Brute-force performance hackery; buys back about 20% of the time for
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diff changeset
187 write(endchar)
261a70c0aa79 Brute-force performance hackery; buys back about 20% of the time for
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diff changeset
188 return
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Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
189
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190 write(rep)
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parents:
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191
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Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 23622
diff changeset
192 def _repr(self, object, context, level):
22766
d26d8575ac62 Add an experimental mechanism to support extending the pprint formatting.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 21061
diff changeset
193 repr, readable, recursive = self.format(object, context.copy(),
24131
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parents: 23622
diff changeset
194 self._depth, level)
7755
fb4b4d069cc7 Mass check-in after untabifying all files that need it.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 6312
diff changeset
195 if not readable:
24131
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parents: 23622
diff changeset
196 self._readable = False
17820
4bcf88e4abff SF bug[ #423781: pprint.isrecursive() broken.
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 16562
diff changeset
197 if recursive:
24131
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198 self._recursive = True
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parents: 6312
diff changeset
199 return repr
5330
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parents:
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200
22766
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diff changeset
201 def format(self, object, context, maxlevels, level):
d26d8575ac62 Add an experimental mechanism to support extending the pprint formatting.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 21061
diff changeset
202 """Format object for a specific context, returning a string
d26d8575ac62 Add an experimental mechanism to support extending the pprint formatting.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 21061
diff changeset
203 and flags indicating whether the representation is 'readable'
d26d8575ac62 Add an experimental mechanism to support extending the pprint formatting.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 21061
diff changeset
204 and whether the object represents a recursive construct.
d26d8575ac62 Add an experimental mechanism to support extending the pprint formatting.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 21061
diff changeset
205 """
d26d8575ac62 Add an experimental mechanism to support extending the pprint formatting.
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parents: 21061
diff changeset
206 return _safe_repr(object, context, maxlevels, level)
d26d8575ac62 Add an experimental mechanism to support extending the pprint formatting.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 21061
diff changeset
207
d26d8575ac62 Add an experimental mechanism to support extending the pprint formatting.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 21061
diff changeset
208
17820
4bcf88e4abff SF bug[ #423781: pprint.isrecursive() broken.
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 16562
diff changeset
209 # Return triple (repr_string, isreadable, isrecursive).
5330
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parents:
diff changeset
210
20819
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diff changeset
211 def _safe_repr(object, context, maxlevels, level):
261a70c0aa79 Brute-force performance hackery; buys back about 20% of the time for
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diff changeset
212 typ = _type(object)
29379
347e7b6dfd53 Revert 1.25, as overloaded __repr__ is not considered.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 29378
diff changeset
213 if typ is str:
26929
ffa4ab37036f - PrettyPrinter.isreadable(), .isrecursive():
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 24131
diff changeset
214 if 'locale' not in _sys.modules:
31515
71a294bd7950 Replace backticks with repr() or "%r"
Walter Dörwald <walter@livinglogic.de>
parents: 31085
diff changeset
215 return repr(object), True, False
19697
bc6bd35f5998 Make pprint more locale-friendly; patch contributed by Denis S. Otkidach.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 17828
diff changeset
216 if "'" in object and '"' not in object:
bc6bd35f5998 Make pprint more locale-friendly; patch contributed by Denis S. Otkidach.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 17828
diff changeset
217 closure = '"'
bc6bd35f5998 Make pprint more locale-friendly; patch contributed by Denis S. Otkidach.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 17828
diff changeset
218 quotes = {'"': '\\"'}
bc6bd35f5998 Make pprint more locale-friendly; patch contributed by Denis S. Otkidach.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 17828
diff changeset
219 else:
bc6bd35f5998 Make pprint more locale-friendly; patch contributed by Denis S. Otkidach.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 17828
diff changeset
220 closure = "'"
bc6bd35f5998 Make pprint more locale-friendly; patch contributed by Denis S. Otkidach.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 17828
diff changeset
221 quotes = {"'": "\\'"}
20819
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diff changeset
222 qget = quotes.get
26929
ffa4ab37036f - PrettyPrinter.isreadable(), .isrecursive():
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 24131
diff changeset
223 sio = _StringIO()
20819
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diff changeset
224 write = sio.write
19697
bc6bd35f5998 Make pprint more locale-friendly; patch contributed by Denis S. Otkidach.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 17828
diff changeset
225 for char in object:
bc6bd35f5998 Make pprint more locale-friendly; patch contributed by Denis S. Otkidach.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 17828
diff changeset
226 if char.isalpha():
20819
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Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 20348
diff changeset
227 write(char)
19697
bc6bd35f5998 Make pprint more locale-friendly; patch contributed by Denis S. Otkidach.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 17828
diff changeset
228 else:
31515
71a294bd7950 Replace backticks with repr() or "%r"
Walter Dörwald <walter@livinglogic.de>
parents: 31085
diff changeset
229 write(qget(char, repr(char)[1:-1]))
22867
e2f2187c3d2c Partial introduction of bools where appropriate.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 22766
diff changeset
230 return ("%s%s%s" % (closure, sio.getvalue(), closure)), True, False
17828
26745053f840 pprint's workhorse _safe_repr() function took time quadratic in the # of
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 17820
diff changeset
231
31084
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Walter Dörwald <walter@livinglogic.de>
parents: 29379
diff changeset
232 r = typ.__repr__
e3025fe70d8b Patch #750542: pprint now will pretty print subclasses of list, tuple
Walter Dörwald <walter@livinglogic.de>
parents: 29379
diff changeset
233 if issubclass(typ, dict) and r is dict.__repr__:
20819
261a70c0aa79 Brute-force performance hackery; buys back about 20% of the time for
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parents: 20348
diff changeset
234 if not object:
22867
e2f2187c3d2c Partial introduction of bools where appropriate.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 22766
diff changeset
235 return "{}", True, False
20819
261a70c0aa79 Brute-force performance hackery; buys back about 20% of the time for
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 20348
diff changeset
236 objid = _id(object)
261a70c0aa79 Brute-force performance hackery; buys back about 20% of the time for
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 20348
diff changeset
237 if maxlevels and level > maxlevels:
22867
e2f2187c3d2c Partial introduction of bools where appropriate.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 22766
diff changeset
238 return "{...}", False, objid in context
20819
261a70c0aa79 Brute-force performance hackery; buys back about 20% of the time for
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parents: 20348
diff changeset
239 if objid in context:
22867
e2f2187c3d2c Partial introduction of bools where appropriate.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 22766
diff changeset
240 return _recursion(object), False, True
20819
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parents: 20348
diff changeset
241 context[objid] = 1
22867
e2f2187c3d2c Partial introduction of bools where appropriate.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 22766
diff changeset
242 readable = True
e2f2187c3d2c Partial introduction of bools where appropriate.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 22766
diff changeset
243 recursive = False
17828
26745053f840 pprint's workhorse _safe_repr() function took time quadratic in the # of
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 17820
diff changeset
244 components = []
20819
261a70c0aa79 Brute-force performance hackery; buys back about 20% of the time for
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 20348
diff changeset
245 append = components.append
261a70c0aa79 Brute-force performance hackery; buys back about 20% of the time for
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 20348
diff changeset
246 level += 1
261a70c0aa79 Brute-force performance hackery; buys back about 20% of the time for
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 20348
diff changeset
247 saferepr = _safe_repr
17828
26745053f840 pprint's workhorse _safe_repr() function took time quadratic in the # of
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 17820
diff changeset
248 for k, v in object.iteritems():
20819
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parents: 20348
diff changeset
249 krepr, kreadable, krecur = saferepr(k, context, maxlevels, level)
261a70c0aa79 Brute-force performance hackery; buys back about 20% of the time for
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parents: 20348
diff changeset
250 vrepr, vreadable, vrecur = saferepr(v, context, maxlevels, level)
261a70c0aa79 Brute-force performance hackery; buys back about 20% of the time for
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 20348
diff changeset
251 append("%s: %s" % (krepr, vrepr))
7755
fb4b4d069cc7 Mass check-in after untabifying all files that need it.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 6312
diff changeset
252 readable = readable and kreadable and vreadable
20819
261a70c0aa79 Brute-force performance hackery; buys back about 20% of the time for
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 20348
diff changeset
253 if krecur or vrecur:
22867
e2f2187c3d2c Partial introduction of bools where appropriate.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 22766
diff changeset
254 recursive = True
20819
261a70c0aa79 Brute-force performance hackery; buys back about 20% of the time for
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diff changeset
255 del context[objid]
261a70c0aa79 Brute-force performance hackery; buys back about 20% of the time for
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 20348
diff changeset
256 return "{%s}" % _commajoin(components), readable, recursive
17828
26745053f840 pprint's workhorse _safe_repr() function took time quadratic in the # of
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 17820
diff changeset
257
31084
e3025fe70d8b Patch #750542: pprint now will pretty print subclasses of list, tuple
Walter Dörwald <walter@livinglogic.de>
parents: 29379
diff changeset
258 if (issubclass(typ, list) and r is list.__repr__) or \
e3025fe70d8b Patch #750542: pprint now will pretty print subclasses of list, tuple
Walter Dörwald <walter@livinglogic.de>
parents: 29379
diff changeset
259 (issubclass(typ, tuple) and r is tuple.__repr__):
e3025fe70d8b Patch #750542: pprint now will pretty print subclasses of list, tuple
Walter Dörwald <walter@livinglogic.de>
parents: 29379
diff changeset
260 if issubclass(typ, list):
20819
261a70c0aa79 Brute-force performance hackery; buys back about 20% of the time for
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 20348
diff changeset
261 if not object:
22867
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262 return "[]", True, False
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263 format = "[%s]"
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264 elif _len(object) == 1:
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265 format = "(%s,)"
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266 else:
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267 if not object:
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268 return "()", True, False
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269 format = "(%s)"
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270 objid = _id(object)
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271 if maxlevels and level > maxlevels:
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272 return format % "...", False, objid in context
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273 if objid in context:
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274 return _recursion(object), False, True
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275 context[objid] = 1
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276 readable = True
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277 recursive = False
17828
26745053f840 pprint's workhorse _safe_repr() function took time quadratic in the # of
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278 components = []
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279 append = components.append
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280 level += 1
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281 for o in object:
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282 orepr, oreadable, orecur = _safe_repr(o, context, maxlevels, level)
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283 append(orepr)
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284 if not oreadable:
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285 readable = False
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286 if orecur:
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287 recursive = True
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288 del context[objid]
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289 return format % _commajoin(components), readable, recursive
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bb8716095a81 Whitespace normalization.
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290
31515
71a294bd7950 Replace backticks with repr() or "%r"
Walter Dörwald <walter@livinglogic.de>
parents: 31085
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291 rep = repr(object)
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292 return rep, (rep and not rep.startswith('<')), False
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293
17828
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294
20819
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295 def _recursion(object):
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296 return ("<Recursion on %s with id=%s>"
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297 % (_type(object).__name__, _id(object)))
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298
5330
5a22f9b38aac Checking in a copy of Fred Drake's data structure pretty-printer
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
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299
20819
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300 def _perfcheck(object=None):
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301 import time
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302 if object is None:
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303 object = [("string", (1, 2), [3, 4], {5: 6, 7: 8})] * 100000
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304 p = PrettyPrinter()
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305 t1 = time.time()
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306 _safe_repr(object, {}, None, 0)
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307 t2 = time.time()
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308 p.pformat(object)
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309 t3 = time.time()
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310 print "_safe_repr:", t2 - t1
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311 print "pformat:", t3 - t2
5330
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Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
312
20819
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313 if __name__ == "__main__":
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314 _perfcheck()