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Added tests for missing host to open_http and open_gopher
author Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
date Mon, 18 Apr 1994 09:39:56 +0000
parents 2ec96140a36b
children 0b645726957e
Ignore whitespace changes - Everywhere: Within whitespace: At end of lines:
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1 \section{Standard Module \sectcode{string}}
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2
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3 \stmodindex{string}
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4
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5 This module defines some constants useful for checking character
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6 classes, some exceptions, and some useful string functions.
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7 The constants are:
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8
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9 \renewcommand{\indexsubitem}{(data in module string)}
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10 \begin{datadesc}{digits}
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11 The string \code{'0123456789'}.
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12 \end{datadesc}
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13
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14 \begin{datadesc}{hexdigits}
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15 The string \code{'0123456789abcdefABCDEF'}.
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16 \end{datadesc}
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17
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18 \begin{datadesc}{letters}
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19 The concatenation of the strings \code{lowercase} and
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20 \code{uppercase} described below.
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21 \end{datadesc}
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22
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23 \begin{datadesc}{lowercase}
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24 A string containing all the characters that are considered lowercase
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25 letters. On most systems this is the string
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26 \code{'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'}. Do not change its definition --
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27 the effect on the routines \code{upper} and \code{swapcase} is
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28 undefined.
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29 \end{datadesc}
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30
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31 \begin{datadesc}{octdigits}
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32 The string \code{'01234567'}.
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33 \end{datadesc}
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34
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35 \begin{datadesc}{uppercase}
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36 A string containing all the characters that are considered uppercase
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37 letters. On most systems this is the string
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38 \code{'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ'}. Do not change its definition --
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39 the effect on the routines \code{lower} and \code{swapcase} is
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40 undefined.
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41 \end{datadesc}
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42
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43 \begin{datadesc}{whitespace}
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44 A string containing all characters that are considered whitespace.
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45 On most systems this includes the characters space, tab, linefeed,
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46 return, formfeed, and vertical tab. Do not change its definition --
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47 the effect on the routines \code{strip} and \code{split} is
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48 undefined.
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49 \end{datadesc}
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50
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51 The exceptions are:
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52
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53 \renewcommand{\indexsubitem}{(exception in module string)}
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54
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55 \begin{excdesc}{atof_error}
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56 Exception raised by
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57 \code{atof}
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58 when a non-float string argument is detected.
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59 The exception argument is the offending string.
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60 \end{excdesc}
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61
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62 \begin{excdesc}{atoi_error}
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63 Exception raised by
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64 \code{atoi}
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65 when a non-integer string argument is detected.
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66 The exception argument is the offending string.
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67 \end{excdesc}
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68
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69 \begin{excdesc}{atol_error}
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70 Exception raised by
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71 \code{atol}
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72 when a non-integer string argument is detected.
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73 The exception argument is the offending string.
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74 \end{excdesc}
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75
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76 \begin{excdesc}{index_error}
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77 Exception raised by \code{index} when \var{sub} is not found.
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78 The exception argument is undefined (it may be a tuple containing the
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79 offending arguments to \code{index} or it may be the constant string
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80 \code{'substring not found'}).
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81 \end{excdesc}
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82
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83 The functions are:
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84
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85 \renewcommand{\indexsubitem}{(in module string)}
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86
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87 \begin{funcdesc}{atof}{s}
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88 Convert a string to a floating point number. The string must have
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89 the standard syntax for a floating point literal in Python, optionally
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90 preceded by a sign (\samp{+} or \samp{-}).
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91 \end{funcdesc}
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92
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93 \begin{funcdesc}{atoi}{s}
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94 Convert a string to an integer. The string must consist of one or more
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95 digits, optionally preceded by a sign (\samp{+} or \samp{-}).
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96 \end{funcdesc}
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97
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98 \begin{funcdesc}{atol}{s}
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99 Convert a string to a long integer. The string must consist of one
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100 or more digits, optionally preceded by a sign (\samp{+} or \samp{-}).
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101 \end{funcdesc}
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102
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103 \begin{funcdesc}{expandtabs}{s\, tabsize}
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104 Expand tabs in a string, i.e. replace them by one or more spaces,
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105 depending on the current column and the given tab size. The column
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106 number is reset to zero after each newline occurring in the string.
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107 This doesn't understand other non-printing characters or escape
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108 sequences.
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109 \end{funcdesc}
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110
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111 \begin{funcdesc}{find}{s\, sub\, i}
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112 Return the lowest index in \var{s} not smaller than \var{i} where the
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113 substring \var{sub} is found. Return \code{-1} when \var{sub}
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114 does not occur as a substring of \var{s} with index at least \var{i}.
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115 If \var{i} is omitted, it defaults to \code{0}. If \var{i} is
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116 negative, \code{len(\var{s})} is added.
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117 \end{funcdesc}
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118
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119 \begin{funcdesc}{rfind}{s\, sub\, i}
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120 Like \code{find} but finds the highest index.
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121 \end{funcdesc}
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122
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123 \begin{funcdesc}{index}{s\, sub\, i}
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124 Like \code{find} but raise \code{index_error} when the substring is
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125 not found.
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126 \end{funcdesc}
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127
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128 \begin{funcdesc}{rindex}{s\, sub\, i}
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129 Like \code{rfind} but raise \code{index_error} when the substring is
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130 not found.
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131 \end{funcdesc}
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132
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133 \begin{funcdesc}{lower}{s}
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134 Convert letters to lower case.
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135 \end{funcdesc}
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136
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137 \begin{funcdesc}{split}{s}
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138 Returns a list of the whitespace-delimited words of the string
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139 \var{s}.
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140 \end{funcdesc}
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141
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142 \begin{funcdesc}{splitfields}{s\, sep}
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143 Returns a list containing the fields of the string \var{s}, using
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144 the string \var{sep} as a separator. The list will have one more
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145 items than the number of non-overlapping occurrences of the
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146 separator in the string. Thus, \code{string.splitfields(\var{s}, '
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147 ')} is not the same as \code{string.split(\var{s})}, as the latter
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148 only returns non-empty words. As a special case,
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149 \code{splitfields(\var{s}, '')} returns \code{[\var{s}]}, for any string
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150 \var{s}. (See also \code{regsub.split()}.)
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151 \end{funcdesc}
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152
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153 \begin{funcdesc}{join}{words}
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154 Concatenate a list or tuple of words with intervening spaces.
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155 \end{funcdesc}
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156
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157 \begin{funcdesc}{joinfields}{words\, sep}
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158 Concatenate a list or tuple of words with intervening separators.
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159 It is always true that
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160 \code{string.joinfields(string.splitfields(\var{t}, \var{sep}), \var{sep})}
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161 equals \var{t}.
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162 \end{funcdesc}
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163
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164 \begin{funcdesc}{strip}{s}
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165 Removes leading and trailing whitespace from the string
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166 \var{s}.
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167 \end{funcdesc}
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168
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169 \begin{funcdesc}{swapcase}{s}
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170 Converts lower case letters to upper case and vice versa.
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171 \end{funcdesc}
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172
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173 \begin{funcdesc}{upper}{s}
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174 Convert letters to upper case.
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175 \end{funcdesc}
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176
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177 \begin{funcdesc}{ljust}{s\, width}
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178 \funcline{rjust}{s\, width}
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179 \funcline{center}{s\, width}
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180 These functions respectively left-justify, right-justify and center a
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181 string in a field of given width.
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182 They return a string that is at least
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183 \var{width}
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184 characters wide, created by padding the string
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185 \var{s}
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186 with spaces until the given width on the right, left or both sides.
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187 The string is never truncated.
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188 \end{funcdesc}
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189
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190 \begin{funcdesc}{zfill}{s\, width}
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191 Pad a numeric string on the left with zero digits until the given
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192 width is reached. Strings starting with a sign are handled correctly.
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193 \end{funcdesc}