Mercurial > cpython-lru_cache-weakref
annotate Lib/SocketServer.py @ 19283:b865cd5c1925 legacy-trunk
Added comments before recently added/assigned slots in the type object,
so the backward compatibility issues will be easier to understand. I only
added comments indicating additions and assignments back to Python 2.0.
| author | Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> |
|---|---|
| date | Wed, 15 Aug 2001 18:32:33 +0000 |
| parents | 40900620293e |
| children | 5a2e7c78d433 |
| rev | line source |
|---|---|
| 2887 | 1 """Generic socket server classes. |
| 2 | |
| 3 This module tries to capture the various aspects of defining a server: | |
| 4 | |
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5 For socket-based servers: |
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6 |
| 2887 | 7 - address family: |
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8 - AF_INET{,6}: IP (Internet Protocol) sockets (default) |
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9 - AF_UNIX: Unix domain sockets |
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10 - others, e.g. AF_DECNET are conceivable (see <socket.h> |
| 2887 | 11 - socket type: |
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12 - SOCK_STREAM (reliable stream, e.g. TCP) |
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13 - SOCK_DGRAM (datagrams, e.g. UDP) |
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14 |
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15 For request-based servers (including socket-based): |
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16 |
| 2887 | 17 - client address verification before further looking at the request |
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18 (This is actually a hook for any processing that needs to look |
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19 at the request before anything else, e.g. logging) |
| 2887 | 20 - how to handle multiple requests: |
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21 - synchronous (one request is handled at a time) |
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22 - forking (each request is handled by a new process) |
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23 - threading (each request is handled by a new thread) |
| 2887 | 24 |
| 25 The classes in this module favor the server type that is simplest to | |
| 26 write: a synchronous TCP/IP server. This is bad class design, but | |
| 27 save some typing. (There's also the issue that a deep class hierarchy | |
| 28 slows down method lookups.) | |
| 29 | |
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30 There are five classes in an inheritance diagram, four of which represent |
| 2887 | 31 synchronous servers of four types: |
| 32 | |
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33 +------------+ |
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34 | BaseServer | |
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35 +------------+ |
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36 | |
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37 v |
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38 +-----------+ +------------------+ |
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39 | TCPServer |------->| UnixStreamServer | |
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40 +-----------+ +------------------+ |
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41 | |
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42 v |
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43 +-----------+ +--------------------+ |
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44 | UDPServer |------->| UnixDatagramServer | |
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45 +-----------+ +--------------------+ |
| 2887 | 46 |
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47 Note that UnixDatagramServer derives from UDPServer, not from |
| 2887 | 48 UnixStreamServer -- the only difference between an IP and a Unix |
| 49 stream server is the address family, which is simply repeated in both | |
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50 unix server classes. |
| 2887 | 51 |
| 52 Forking and threading versions of each type of server can be created | |
| 53 using the ForkingServer and ThreadingServer mix-in classes. For | |
| 54 instance, a threading UDP server class is created as follows: | |
| 55 | |
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56 class ThreadingUDPServer(ThreadingMixIn, UDPServer): pass |
| 2887 | 57 |
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58 The Mix-in class must come first, since it overrides a method defined |
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59 in UDPServer! |
| 2887 | 60 |
| 61 To implement a service, you must derive a class from | |
| 62 BaseRequestHandler and redefine its handle() method. You can then run | |
| 63 various versions of the service by combining one of the server classes | |
| 64 with your request handler class. | |
| 65 | |
| 66 The request handler class must be different for datagram or stream | |
| 67 services. This can be hidden by using the mix-in request handler | |
| 68 classes StreamRequestHandler or DatagramRequestHandler. | |
| 69 | |
| 70 Of course, you still have to use your head! | |
| 71 | |
| 72 For instance, it makes no sense to use a forking server if the service | |
| 73 contains state in memory that can be modified by requests (since the | |
| 74 modifications in the child process would never reach the initial state | |
| 75 kept in the parent process and passed to each child). In this case, | |
| 76 you can use a threading server, but you will probably have to use | |
| 77 locks to avoid two requests that come in nearly simultaneous to apply | |
| 78 conflicting changes to the server state. | |
| 79 | |
| 80 On the other hand, if you are building e.g. an HTTP server, where all | |
| 81 data is stored externally (e.g. in the file system), a synchronous | |
| 82 class will essentially render the service "deaf" while one request is | |
| 83 being handled -- which may be for a very long time if a client is slow | |
| 84 to reqd all the data it has requested. Here a threading or forking | |
| 85 server is appropriate. | |
| 86 | |
| 87 In some cases, it may be appropriate to process part of a request | |
| 88 synchronously, but to finish processing in a forked child depending on | |
| 89 the request data. This can be implemented by using a synchronous | |
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90 server and doing an explicit fork in the request handler class |
| 2887 | 91 handle() method. |
| 92 | |
| 93 Another approach to handling multiple simultaneous requests in an | |
| 94 environment that supports neither threads nor fork (or where these are | |
| 95 too expensive or inappropriate for the service) is to maintain an | |
| 96 explicit table of partially finished requests and to use select() to | |
| 97 decide which request to work on next (or whether to handle a new | |
| 98 incoming request). This is particularly important for stream services | |
| 99 where each client can potentially be connected for a long time (if | |
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100 threads or subprocesses cannot be used). |
| 2887 | 101 |
| 102 Future work: | |
| 103 - Standard classes for Sun RPC (which uses either UDP or TCP) | |
| 104 - Standard mix-in classes to implement various authentication | |
| 105 and encryption schemes | |
| 106 - Standard framework for select-based multiplexing | |
| 107 | |
| 108 XXX Open problems: | |
| 109 - What to do with out-of-band data? | |
| 110 | |
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111 BaseServer: |
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112 - split generic "request" functionality out into BaseServer class. |
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113 Copyright (C) 2000 Luke Kenneth Casson Leighton <lkcl@samba.org> |
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114 |
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115 example: read entries from a SQL database (requires overriding |
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116 get_request() to return a table entry from the database). |
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117 entry is processed by a RequestHandlerClass. |
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118 |
| 2887 | 119 """ |
| 120 | |
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121 # Author of the BaseServer patch: Luke Kenneth Casson Leighton |
| 2887 | 122 |
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123 # XXX Warning! |
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124 # There is a test suite for this module, but it cannot be run by the |
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125 # standard regression test. |
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126 # To run it manually, run Lib/test/test_socketserver.py. |
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127 |
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128 __version__ = "0.4" |
| 2887 | 129 |
| 130 | |
| 131 import socket | |
| 132 import sys | |
| 133 import os | |
| 134 | |
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135 __all__ = ["TCPServer","UDPServer","ForkingUDPServer","ForkingTCPServer", |
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136 "ThreadingUDPServer","ThreadingTCPServer","BaseRequestHandler", |
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137 "StreamRequestHandler","DatagramRequestHandler", |
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138 "ThreadingMixIn", "ForkingMixIn"] |
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139 if hasattr(socket, "AF_UNIX"): |
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140 __all__.extend(["UnixStreamServer","UnixDatagramServer", |
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141 "ThreadingUnixStreamServer", |
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142 "ThreadingUnixDatagramServer"]) |
| 2887 | 143 |
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144 class BaseServer: |
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145 |
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146 """Base class for server classes. |
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147 |
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148 Methods for the caller: |
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149 |
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150 - __init__(server_address, RequestHandlerClass) |
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151 - serve_forever() |
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152 - handle_request() # if you do not use serve_forever() |
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153 - fileno() -> int # for select() |
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154 |
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155 Methods that may be overridden: |
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156 |
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157 - server_bind() |
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158 - server_activate() |
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159 - get_request() -> request, client_address |
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160 - verify_request(request, client_address) |
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161 - server_close() |
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162 - process_request(request, client_address) |
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163 - close_request(request) |
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164 - handle_error() |
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165 |
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166 Methods for derived classes: |
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167 |
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168 - finish_request(request, client_address) |
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169 |
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170 Class variables that may be overridden by derived classes or |
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171 instances: |
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172 |
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173 - address_family |
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174 - socket_type |
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175 - reuse_address |
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176 |
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177 Instance variables: |
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178 |
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179 - RequestHandlerClass |
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180 - socket |
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181 |
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182 """ |
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183 |
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184 def __init__(self, server_address, RequestHandlerClass): |
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185 """Constructor. May be extended, do not override.""" |
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186 self.server_address = server_address |
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187 self.RequestHandlerClass = RequestHandlerClass |
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188 |
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189 def server_activate(self): |
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190 """Called by constructor to activate the server. |
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191 |
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192 May be overridden. |
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193 |
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194 """ |
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195 pass |
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196 |
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197 def serve_forever(self): |
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198 """Handle one request at a time until doomsday.""" |
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199 while 1: |
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200 self.handle_request() |
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201 |
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202 # The distinction between handling, getting, processing and |
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203 # finishing a request is fairly arbitrary. Remember: |
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204 # |
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205 # - handle_request() is the top-level call. It calls |
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206 # get_request(), verify_request() and process_request() |
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207 # - get_request() is different for stream or datagram sockets |
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208 # - process_request() is the place that may fork a new process |
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209 # or create a new thread to finish the request |
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210 # - finish_request() instantiates the request handler class; |
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211 # this constructor will handle the request all by itself |
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212 |
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213 def handle_request(self): |
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214 """Handle one request, possibly blocking.""" |
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215 try: |
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216 request, client_address = self.get_request() |
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217 except socket.error: |
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218 return |
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219 if self.verify_request(request, client_address): |
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220 try: |
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221 self.process_request(request, client_address) |
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222 except: |
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223 self.handle_error(request, client_address) |
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224 self.close_request(request) |
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225 |
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226 def verify_request(self, request, client_address): |
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227 """Verify the request. May be overridden. |
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228 |
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229 Return true if we should proceed with this request. |
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230 |
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231 """ |
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232 return 1 |
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233 |
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234 def process_request(self, request, client_address): |
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235 """Call finish_request. |
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236 |
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237 Overridden by ForkingMixIn and ThreadingMixIn. |
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238 |
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239 """ |
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240 self.finish_request(request, client_address) |
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241 self.close_request(request) |
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242 |
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243 def server_close(self): |
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244 """Called to clean-up the server. |
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245 |
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246 May be overridden. |
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247 |
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248 """ |
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249 pass |
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250 |
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251 def finish_request(self, request, client_address): |
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252 """Finish one request by instantiating RequestHandlerClass.""" |
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253 self.RequestHandlerClass(request, client_address, self) |
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254 |
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255 def close_request(self, request): |
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256 """Called to clean up an individual request.""" |
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257 pass |
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258 |
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259 def handle_error(self, request, client_address): |
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260 """Handle an error gracefully. May be overridden. |
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261 |
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262 The default is to print a traceback and continue. |
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263 |
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264 """ |
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265 print '-'*40 |
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266 print 'Exception happened during processing of request from', |
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267 print client_address |
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268 import traceback |
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269 traceback.print_exc() # XXX But this goes to stderr! |
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270 print '-'*40 |
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271 |
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272 |
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273 class TCPServer(BaseServer): |
| 2887 | 274 |
| 275 """Base class for various socket-based server classes. | |
| 276 | |
| 277 Defaults to synchronous IP stream (i.e., TCP). | |
| 278 | |
| 279 Methods for the caller: | |
| 280 | |
| 281 - __init__(server_address, RequestHandlerClass) | |
| 282 - serve_forever() | |
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283 - handle_request() # if you don't use serve_forever() |
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284 - fileno() -> int # for select() |
| 2887 | 285 |
| 286 Methods that may be overridden: | |
| 287 | |
| 288 - server_bind() | |
| 289 - server_activate() | |
| 290 - get_request() -> request, client_address | |
| 291 - verify_request(request, client_address) | |
| 292 - process_request(request, client_address) | |
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293 - close_request(request) |
| 2887 | 294 - handle_error() |
| 295 | |
| 296 Methods for derived classes: | |
| 297 | |
| 298 - finish_request(request, client_address) | |
| 299 | |
| 300 Class variables that may be overridden by derived classes or | |
| 301 instances: | |
| 302 | |
| 303 - address_family | |
| 304 - socket_type | |
| 305 - request_queue_size (only for stream sockets) | |
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306 - reuse_address |
| 2887 | 307 |
| 308 Instance variables: | |
| 309 | |
| 310 - server_address | |
| 311 - RequestHandlerClass | |
| 312 - socket | |
| 313 | |
| 314 """ | |
| 315 | |
| 316 address_family = socket.AF_INET | |
| 317 | |
| 318 socket_type = socket.SOCK_STREAM | |
| 319 | |
| 320 request_queue_size = 5 | |
| 321 | |
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322 allow_reuse_address = 0 |
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323 |
| 2887 | 324 def __init__(self, server_address, RequestHandlerClass): |
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325 """Constructor. May be extended, do not override.""" |
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326 BaseServer.__init__(self, server_address, RequestHandlerClass) |
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327 self.socket = socket.socket(self.address_family, |
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328 self.socket_type) |
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329 self.server_bind() |
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330 self.server_activate() |
| 2887 | 331 |
| 332 def server_bind(self): | |
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333 """Called by constructor to bind the socket. |
| 2887 | 334 |
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335 May be overridden. |
| 2887 | 336 |
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337 """ |
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338 if self.allow_reuse_address: |
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339 self.socket.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1) |
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340 self.socket.bind(self.server_address) |
| 2887 | 341 |
| 342 def server_activate(self): | |
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343 """Called by constructor to activate the server. |
| 2887 | 344 |
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345 May be overridden. |
| 2887 | 346 |
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347 """ |
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348 self.socket.listen(self.request_queue_size) |
| 2887 | 349 |
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350 def server_close(self): |
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351 """Called to clean-up the server. |
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352 |
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353 May be overridden. |
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354 |
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355 """ |
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356 self.socket.close() |
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357 |
| 2887 | 358 def fileno(self): |
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359 """Return socket file number. |
| 2887 | 360 |
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361 Interface required by select(). |
| 2887 | 362 |
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363 """ |
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364 return self.socket.fileno() |
| 2887 | 365 |
| 366 def get_request(self): | |
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367 """Get the request and client address from the socket. |
| 2887 | 368 |
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369 May be overridden. |
| 2887 | 370 |
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371 """ |
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372 return self.socket.accept() |
| 2887 | 373 |
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374 def close_request(self, request): |
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375 """Called to clean up an individual request.""" |
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376 request.close() |
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377 |
| 2887 | 378 |
| 379 class UDPServer(TCPServer): | |
| 380 | |
| 381 """UDP server class.""" | |
| 382 | |
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383 allow_reuse_address = 0 |
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384 |
| 2887 | 385 socket_type = socket.SOCK_DGRAM |
| 386 | |
| 387 max_packet_size = 8192 | |
| 388 | |
| 389 def get_request(self): | |
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390 data, client_addr = self.socket.recvfrom(self.max_packet_size) |
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391 return (data, self.socket), client_addr |
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392 |
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393 def server_activate(self): |
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394 # No need to call listen() for UDP. |
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395 pass |
| 2887 | 396 |
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397 def close_request(self, request): |
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398 # No need to close anything. |
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399 pass |
| 2887 | 400 |
| 401 class ForkingMixIn: | |
| 402 | |
| 403 """Mix-in class to handle each request in a new process.""" | |
| 404 | |
| 405 active_children = None | |
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406 max_children = 40 |
| 2887 | 407 |
| 408 def collect_children(self): | |
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409 """Internal routine to wait for died children.""" |
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410 while self.active_children: |
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411 if len(self.active_children) < self.max_children: |
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412 options = os.WNOHANG |
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413 else: |
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414 # If the maximum number of children are already |
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415 # running, block while waiting for a child to exit |
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416 options = 0 |
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417 try: |
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418 pid, status = os.waitpid(0, options) |
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419 except os.error: |
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420 pid = None |
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421 if not pid: break |
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422 self.active_children.remove(pid) |
| 2887 | 423 |
| 424 def process_request(self, request, client_address): | |
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425 """Fork a new subprocess to process the request.""" |
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426 self.collect_children() |
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427 pid = os.fork() |
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428 if pid: |
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429 # Parent process |
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430 if self.active_children is None: |
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431 self.active_children = [] |
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432 self.active_children.append(pid) |
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433 self.close_request(request) |
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434 return |
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435 else: |
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436 # Child process. |
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437 # This must never return, hence os._exit()! |
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438 try: |
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439 self.finish_request(request, client_address) |
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440 os._exit(0) |
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441 except: |
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442 try: |
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443 self.handle_error(request, client_address) |
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444 finally: |
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445 os._exit(1) |
| 2887 | 446 |
| 447 | |
| 448 class ThreadingMixIn: | |
| 449 """Mix-in class to handle each request in a new thread.""" | |
| 450 | |
| 451 def process_request(self, request, client_address): | |
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452 """Start a new thread to process the request.""" |
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453 import threading |
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454 t = threading.Thread(target = self.finish_request, |
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455 args = (request, client_address)) |
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456 t.start() |
| 2887 | 457 |
| 458 | |
| 459 class ForkingUDPServer(ForkingMixIn, UDPServer): pass | |
| 460 class ForkingTCPServer(ForkingMixIn, TCPServer): pass | |
| 461 | |
| 462 class ThreadingUDPServer(ThreadingMixIn, UDPServer): pass | |
| 463 class ThreadingTCPServer(ThreadingMixIn, TCPServer): pass | |
| 464 | |
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465 if hasattr(socket, 'AF_UNIX'): |
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466 |
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467 class UnixStreamServer(TCPServer): |
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468 address_family = socket.AF_UNIX |
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469 |
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470 class UnixDatagramServer(UDPServer): |
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471 address_family = socket.AF_UNIX |
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472 |
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473 class ThreadingUnixStreamServer(ThreadingMixIn, UnixStreamServer): pass |
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474 |
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475 class ThreadingUnixDatagramServer(ThreadingMixIn, UnixDatagramServer): pass |
| 2887 | 476 |
| 477 class BaseRequestHandler: | |
| 478 | |
| 479 """Base class for request handler classes. | |
| 480 | |
| 481 This class is instantiated for each request to be handled. The | |
| 482 constructor sets the instance variables request, client_address | |
| 483 and server, and then calls the handle() method. To implement a | |
| 484 specific service, all you need to do is to derive a class which | |
| 485 defines a handle() method. | |
| 486 | |
| 487 The handle() method can find the request as self.request, the | |
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Fix typo in docstring: client_request should be client_address.
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488 client address as self.client_address, and the server (in case it |
| 2887 | 489 needs access to per-server information) as self.server. Since a |
| 490 separate instance is created for each request, the handle() method | |
| 491 can define arbitrary other instance variariables. | |
| 492 | |
| 493 """ | |
| 494 | |
| 495 def __init__(self, request, client_address, server): | |
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496 self.request = request |
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497 self.client_address = client_address |
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498 self.server = server |
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499 try: |
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500 self.setup() |
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501 self.handle() |
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502 self.finish() |
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503 finally: |
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504 sys.exc_traceback = None # Help garbage collection |
| 2887 | 505 |
| 506 def setup(self): | |
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507 pass |
| 2887 | 508 |
| 509 def __del__(self): | |
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510 pass |
| 2887 | 511 |
| 512 def handle(self): | |
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513 pass |
| 2887 | 514 |
| 515 def finish(self): | |
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516 pass |
| 2887 | 517 |
| 518 | |
| 519 # The following two classes make it possible to use the same service | |
| 520 # class for stream or datagram servers. | |
| 521 # Each class sets up these instance variables: | |
| 522 # - rfile: a file object from which receives the request is read | |
| 523 # - wfile: a file object to which the reply is written | |
| 524 # When the handle() method returns, wfile is flushed properly | |
| 525 | |
| 526 | |
| 527 class StreamRequestHandler(BaseRequestHandler): | |
| 528 | |
| 529 """Define self.rfile and self.wfile for stream sockets.""" | |
| 530 | |
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531 # Default buffer sizes for rfile, wfile. |
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532 # We default rfile to buffered because otherwise it could be |
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533 # really slow for large data (a getc() call per byte); we make |
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534 # wfile unbuffered because (a) often after a write() we want to |
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535 # read and we need to flush the line; (b) big writes to unbuffered |
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536 # files are typically optimized by stdio even when big reads |
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537 # aren't. |
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538 rbufsize = -1 |
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539 wbufsize = 0 |
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540 |
| 2887 | 541 def setup(self): |
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542 self.connection = self.request |
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543 self.rfile = self.connection.makefile('rb', self.rbufsize) |
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544 self.wfile = self.connection.makefile('wb', self.wbufsize) |
| 2887 | 545 |
| 546 def finish(self): | |
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547 self.wfile.flush() |
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548 self.wfile.close() |
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549 self.rfile.close() |
| 2887 | 550 |
| 551 | |
| 552 class DatagramRequestHandler(BaseRequestHandler): | |
| 553 | |
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554 # XXX Regrettably, I cannot get this working on Linux; |
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555 # s.recvfrom() doesn't return a meaningful client address. |
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556 |
| 2887 | 557 """Define self.rfile and self.wfile for datagram sockets.""" |
| 558 | |
| 559 def setup(self): | |
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560 import StringIO |
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561 self.packet, self.socket = self.request |
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562 self.rfile = StringIO.StringIO(self.packet) |
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563 self.wfile = StringIO.StringIO(self.packet) |
| 2887 | 564 |
| 565 def finish(self): | |
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566 self.socket.sendto(self.wfile.getvalue(), self.client_address) |