annotate Include/object.h @ 39042:c02fa187e0f4 legacy-trunk

Part of SF patch #1484695. This removes dead code. The chksum was already verified in .frombuf() on the lines above. If there was a problem an exception is raised, so there was no way this condition could have been true.
author Neal Norwitz <nnorwitz@gmail.com>
date Mon, 10 Jul 2006 00:23:17 +0000
parents d82dced6f1fa
children 6cafdc81cfde
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1 #ifndef Py_OBJECT_H
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2 #define Py_OBJECT_H
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3 #ifdef __cplusplus
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4 extern "C" {
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5 #endif
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6
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7
6
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8 /* Object and type object interface */
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9
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10 /*
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11 Objects are structures allocated on the heap. Special rules apply to
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12 the use of objects to ensure they are properly garbage-collected.
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13 Objects are never allocated statically or on the stack; they must be
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14 accessed through special macros and functions only. (Type objects are
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15 exceptions to the first rule; the standard types are represented by
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16 statically initialized type objects, although work on type/class unification
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17 for Python 2.2 made it possible to have heap-allocated type objects too).
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18
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19 An object has a 'reference count' that is increased or decreased when a
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20 pointer to the object is copied or deleted; when the reference count
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21 reaches zero there are no references to the object left and it can be
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22 removed from the heap.
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23
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24 An object has a 'type' that determines what it represents and what kind
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25 of data it contains. An object's type is fixed when it is created.
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26 Types themselves are represented as objects; an object contains a
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27 pointer to the corresponding type object. The type itself has a type
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28 pointer pointing to the object representing the type 'type', which
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29 contains a pointer to itself!).
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30
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31 Objects do not float around in memory; once allocated an object keeps
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32 the same size and address. Objects that must hold variable-size data
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33 can contain pointers to variable-size parts of the object. Not all
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34 objects of the same type have the same size; but the size cannot change
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35 after allocation. (These restrictions are made so a reference to an
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36 object can be simply a pointer -- moving an object would require
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37 updating all the pointers, and changing an object's size would require
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38 moving it if there was another object right next to it.)
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39
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40 Objects are always accessed through pointers of the type 'PyObject *'.
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41 The type 'PyObject' is a structure that only contains the reference count
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42 and the type pointer. The actual memory allocated for an object
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43 contains other data that can only be accessed after casting the pointer
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44 to a pointer to a longer structure type. This longer type must start
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45 with the reference count and type fields; the macro PyObject_HEAD should be
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46 used for this (to accommodate for future changes). The implementation
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47 of a particular object type can cast the object pointer to the proper
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48 type and back.
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49
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50 A standard interface exists for objects that contain an array of items
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51 whose size is determined when the object is allocated.
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52 */
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53
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54 /* Py_DEBUG implies Py_TRACE_REFS. */
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55 #if defined(Py_DEBUG) && !defined(Py_TRACE_REFS)
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56 #define Py_TRACE_REFS
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57 #endif
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58
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59 /* Py_TRACE_REFS implies Py_REF_DEBUG. */
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60 #if defined(Py_TRACE_REFS) && !defined(Py_REF_DEBUG)
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61 #define Py_REF_DEBUG
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62 #endif
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63
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64 #ifdef Py_TRACE_REFS
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65 /* Define pointers to support a doubly-linked list of all live heap objects. */
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66 #define _PyObject_HEAD_EXTRA \
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67 struct _object *_ob_next; \
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68 struct _object *_ob_prev;
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69
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70 #define _PyObject_EXTRA_INIT 0, 0,
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71
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72 #else
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73 #define _PyObject_HEAD_EXTRA
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74 #define _PyObject_EXTRA_INIT
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75 #endif
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76
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77 /* PyObject_HEAD defines the initial segment of every PyObject. */
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78 #define PyObject_HEAD \
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79 _PyObject_HEAD_EXTRA \
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80 Py_ssize_t ob_refcnt; \
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81 struct _typeobject *ob_type;
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82
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83 #define PyObject_HEAD_INIT(type) \
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84 _PyObject_EXTRA_INIT \
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85 1, type,
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86
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87 /* PyObject_VAR_HEAD defines the initial segment of all variable-size
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88 * container objects. These end with a declaration of an array with 1
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89 * element, but enough space is malloc'ed so that the array actually
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90 * has room for ob_size elements. Note that ob_size is an element count,
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91 * not necessarily a byte count.
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92 */
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93 #define PyObject_VAR_HEAD \
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94 PyObject_HEAD \
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95 Py_ssize_t ob_size; /* Number of items in variable part */
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96 #define Py_INVALID_SIZE (Py_ssize_t)-1
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97
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98 /* Nothing is actually declared to be a PyObject, but every pointer to
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99 * a Python object can be cast to a PyObject*. This is inheritance built
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100 * by hand. Similarly every pointer to a variable-size Python object can,
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101 * in addition, be cast to PyVarObject*.
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102 */
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103 typedef struct _object {
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104 PyObject_HEAD
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105 } PyObject;
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106
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107 typedef struct {
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108 PyObject_VAR_HEAD
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109 } PyVarObject;
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111
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112 /*
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113 Type objects contain a string containing the type name (to help somewhat
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114 in debugging), the allocation parameters (see PyObject_New() and
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115 PyObject_NewVar()),
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116 and methods for accessing objects of the type. Methods are optional, a
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117 nil pointer meaning that particular kind of access is not available for
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118 this type. The Py_DECREF() macro uses the tp_dealloc method without
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119 checking for a nil pointer; it should always be implemented except if
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120 the implementation can guarantee that the reference count will never
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121 reach zero (e.g., for statically allocated type objects).
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123 NB: the methods for certain type groups are now contained in separate
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124 method blocks.
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125 */
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126
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127 typedef PyObject * (*unaryfunc)(PyObject *);
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128 typedef PyObject * (*binaryfunc)(PyObject *, PyObject *);
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129 typedef PyObject * (*ternaryfunc)(PyObject *, PyObject *, PyObject *);
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130 typedef int (*inquiry)(PyObject *);
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131 typedef Py_ssize_t (*lenfunc)(PyObject *);
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132 typedef int (*coercion)(PyObject **, PyObject **);
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133 typedef PyObject *(*intargfunc)(PyObject *, int) Py_DEPRECATED(2.5);
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134 typedef PyObject *(*intintargfunc)(PyObject *, int, int) Py_DEPRECATED(2.5);
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135 typedef PyObject *(*ssizeargfunc)(PyObject *, Py_ssize_t);
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136 typedef PyObject *(*ssizessizeargfunc)(PyObject *, Py_ssize_t, Py_ssize_t);
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137 typedef int(*intobjargproc)(PyObject *, int, PyObject *);
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138 typedef int(*intintobjargproc)(PyObject *, int, int, PyObject *);
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139 typedef int(*ssizeobjargproc)(PyObject *, Py_ssize_t, PyObject *);
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140 typedef int(*ssizessizeobjargproc)(PyObject *, Py_ssize_t, Py_ssize_t, PyObject *);
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141 typedef int(*objobjargproc)(PyObject *, PyObject *, PyObject *);
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142
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143 /* int-based buffer interface */
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144 typedef int (*getreadbufferproc)(PyObject *, int, void **);
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145 typedef int (*getwritebufferproc)(PyObject *, int, void **);
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146 typedef int (*getsegcountproc)(PyObject *, int *);
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147 typedef int (*getcharbufferproc)(PyObject *, int, char **);
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148 /* ssize_t-based buffer interface */
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149 typedef Py_ssize_t (*readbufferproc)(PyObject *, Py_ssize_t, void **);
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150 typedef Py_ssize_t (*writebufferproc)(PyObject *, Py_ssize_t, void **);
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151 typedef Py_ssize_t (*segcountproc)(PyObject *, Py_ssize_t *);
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152 typedef Py_ssize_t (*charbufferproc)(PyObject *, Py_ssize_t, char **);
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153
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154 typedef int (*objobjproc)(PyObject *, PyObject *);
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155 typedef int (*visitproc)(PyObject *, void *);
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156 typedef int (*traverseproc)(PyObject *, visitproc, void *);
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157
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158 typedef struct {
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159 /* For numbers without flag bit Py_TPFLAGS_CHECKTYPES set, all
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160 arguments are guaranteed to be of the object's type (modulo
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161 coercion hacks -- i.e. if the type's coercion function
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162 returns other types, then these are allowed as well). Numbers that
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163 have the Py_TPFLAGS_CHECKTYPES flag bit set should check *both*
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164 arguments for proper type and implement the necessary conversions
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165 in the slot functions themselves. */
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166
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167 binaryfunc nb_add;
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168 binaryfunc nb_subtract;
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169 binaryfunc nb_multiply;
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170 binaryfunc nb_divide;
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171 binaryfunc nb_remainder;
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172 binaryfunc nb_divmod;
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173 ternaryfunc nb_power;
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174 unaryfunc nb_negative;
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175 unaryfunc nb_positive;
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176 unaryfunc nb_absolute;
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177 inquiry nb_nonzero;
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178 unaryfunc nb_invert;
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179 binaryfunc nb_lshift;
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180 binaryfunc nb_rshift;
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181 binaryfunc nb_and;
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182 binaryfunc nb_xor;
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183 binaryfunc nb_or;
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184 coercion nb_coerce;
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185 unaryfunc nb_int;
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186 unaryfunc nb_long;
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187 unaryfunc nb_float;
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188 unaryfunc nb_oct;
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189 unaryfunc nb_hex;
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190 /* Added in release 2.0 */
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191 binaryfunc nb_inplace_add;
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192 binaryfunc nb_inplace_subtract;
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193 binaryfunc nb_inplace_multiply;
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194 binaryfunc nb_inplace_divide;
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195 binaryfunc nb_inplace_remainder;
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196 ternaryfunc nb_inplace_power;
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197 binaryfunc nb_inplace_lshift;
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198 binaryfunc nb_inplace_rshift;
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199 binaryfunc nb_inplace_and;
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200 binaryfunc nb_inplace_xor;
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201 binaryfunc nb_inplace_or;
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202
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203 /* Added in release 2.2 */
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204 /* The following require the Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_CLASS flag */
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205 binaryfunc nb_floor_divide;
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206 binaryfunc nb_true_divide;
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207 binaryfunc nb_inplace_floor_divide;
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208 binaryfunc nb_inplace_true_divide;
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209
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210 /* Added in release 2.5 */
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211 lenfunc nb_index;
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212 } PyNumberMethods;
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213
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214 typedef struct {
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215 lenfunc sq_length;
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216 binaryfunc sq_concat;
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217 ssizeargfunc sq_repeat;
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218 ssizeargfunc sq_item;
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219 ssizessizeargfunc sq_slice;
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220 ssizeobjargproc sq_ass_item;
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221 ssizessizeobjargproc sq_ass_slice;
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222 objobjproc sq_contains;
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223 /* Added in release 2.0 */
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224 binaryfunc sq_inplace_concat;
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225 ssizeargfunc sq_inplace_repeat;
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226 } PySequenceMethods;
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227
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228 typedef struct {
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229 lenfunc mp_length;
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230 binaryfunc mp_subscript;
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231 objobjargproc mp_ass_subscript;
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232 } PyMappingMethods;
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233
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234 typedef struct {
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235 readbufferproc bf_getreadbuffer;
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236 writebufferproc bf_getwritebuffer;
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237 segcountproc bf_getsegcount;
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238 charbufferproc bf_getcharbuffer;
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239 } PyBufferProcs;
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240
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241
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242 typedef void (*freefunc)(void *);
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243 typedef void (*destructor)(PyObject *);
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244 typedef int (*printfunc)(PyObject *, FILE *, int);
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245 typedef PyObject *(*getattrfunc)(PyObject *, char *);
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246 typedef PyObject *(*getattrofunc)(PyObject *, PyObject *);
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247 typedef int (*setattrfunc)(PyObject *, char *, PyObject *);
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248 typedef int (*setattrofunc)(PyObject *, PyObject *, PyObject *);
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249 typedef int (*cmpfunc)(PyObject *, PyObject *);
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250 typedef PyObject *(*reprfunc)(PyObject *);
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251 typedef long (*hashfunc)(PyObject *);
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252 typedef PyObject *(*richcmpfunc) (PyObject *, PyObject *, int);
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253 typedef PyObject *(*getiterfunc) (PyObject *);
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254 typedef PyObject *(*iternextfunc) (PyObject *);
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255 typedef PyObject *(*descrgetfunc) (PyObject *, PyObject *, PyObject *);
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256 typedef int (*descrsetfunc) (PyObject *, PyObject *, PyObject *);
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257 typedef int (*initproc)(PyObject *, PyObject *, PyObject *);
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258 typedef PyObject *(*newfunc)(struct _typeobject *, PyObject *, PyObject *);
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259 typedef PyObject *(*allocfunc)(struct _typeobject *, Py_ssize_t);
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260
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261 typedef struct _typeobject {
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262 PyObject_VAR_HEAD
35999
9541369b0dca Add const to several API functions that take char *.
Jeremy Hylton <jeremy@alum.mit.edu>
parents: 35331
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263 const char *tp_name; /* For printing, in format "<module>.<name>" */
36517
91331a88718e Use Py_ssize_t for field sizes and offsets.
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264 Py_ssize_t tp_basicsize, tp_itemsize; /* For allocation */
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265
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266 /* Methods to implement standard operations */
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diff changeset
267
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268 destructor tp_dealloc;
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269 printfunc tp_print;
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270 getattrfunc tp_getattr;
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271 setattrfunc tp_setattr;
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272 cmpfunc tp_compare;
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273 reprfunc tp_repr;
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274
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275 /* Method suites for standard classes */
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276
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277 PyNumberMethods *tp_as_number;
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278 PySequenceMethods *tp_as_sequence;
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279 PyMappingMethods *tp_as_mapping;
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280
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281 /* More standard operations (here for binary compatibility) */
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282
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283 hashfunc tp_hash;
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284 ternaryfunc tp_call;
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285 reprfunc tp_str;
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286 getattrofunc tp_getattro;
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287 setattrofunc tp_setattro;
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288
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289 /* Functions to access object as input/output buffer */
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290 PyBufferProcs *tp_as_buffer;
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291
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cc3e14837379 Changes by Greg Stein (code) and GvR (design).
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292 /* Flags to define presence of optional/expanded features */
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293 long tp_flags;
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294
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295 const char *tp_doc; /* Documentation string */
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296
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297 /* Assigned meaning in release 2.0 */
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298 /* call function for all accessible objects */
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299 traverseproc tp_traverse;
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300
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301 /* delete references to contained objects */
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302 inquiry tp_clear;
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303
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304 /* Assigned meaning in release 2.1 */
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305 /* rich comparisons */
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306 richcmpfunc tp_richcompare;
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307
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308 /* weak reference enabler */
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309 Py_ssize_t tp_weaklistoffset;
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310
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311 /* Added in release 2.2 */
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312 /* Iterators */
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313 getiterfunc tp_iter;
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314 iternextfunc tp_iternext;
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315
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316 /* Attribute descriptor and subclassing stuff */
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317 struct PyMethodDef *tp_methods;
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318 struct PyMemberDef *tp_members;
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319 struct PyGetSetDef *tp_getset;
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320 struct _typeobject *tp_base;
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321 PyObject *tp_dict;
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322 descrgetfunc tp_descr_get;
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323 descrsetfunc tp_descr_set;
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324 Py_ssize_t tp_dictoffset;
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325 initproc tp_init;
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326 allocfunc tp_alloc;
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327 newfunc tp_new;
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328 freefunc tp_free; /* Low-level free-memory routine */
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329 inquiry tp_is_gc; /* For PyObject_IS_GC */
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330 PyObject *tp_bases;
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331 PyObject *tp_mro; /* method resolution order */
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27ab0327b2fc Get rid of __defined__ and tp_defined -- there's no need to
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332 PyObject *tp_cache;
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333 PyObject *tp_subclasses;
7b41f7a2e528 Keep track of a type's subclasses (subtypes), in tp_subclasses, which
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334 PyObject *tp_weaklist;
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71dca7c76fa2 A modest speedup of object deallocation. call_finalizer() did rather
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335 destructor tp_del;
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336
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337 #ifdef COUNT_ALLOCS
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338 /* these must be last and never explicitly initialized */
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339 Py_ssize_t tp_allocs;
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340 Py_ssize_t tp_frees;
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341 Py_ssize_t tp_maxalloc;
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342 struct _typeobject *tp_prev;
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parents: 1329
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343 struct _typeobject *tp_next;
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parents: 1329
diff changeset
344 #endif
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345 } PyTypeObject;
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346
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347
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348 /* The *real* layout of a type object when allocated on the heap */
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349 typedef struct _heaptypeobject {
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350 /* Note: there's a dependency on the order of these members
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351 in slotptr() in typeobject.c . */
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parents: 36517
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352 PyTypeObject ht_type;
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353 PyNumberMethods as_number;
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354 PyMappingMethods as_mapping;
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355 PySequenceMethods as_sequence; /* as_sequence comes after as_mapping,
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356 so that the mapping wins when both
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diff changeset
357 the mapping and the sequence define
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358 a given operator (e.g. __getitem__).
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359 see add_operators() in typeobject.c . */
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parents: 26263
diff changeset
360 PyBufferProcs as_buffer;
36631
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parents: 36517
diff changeset
361 PyObject *ht_name, *ht_slots;
28219
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parents: 26263
diff changeset
362 /* here are optional user slots, followed by the members. */
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parents: 26263
diff changeset
363 } PyHeapTypeObject;
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parents: 26263
diff changeset
364
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parents: 26263
diff changeset
365 /* access macro to the members which are floating "behind" the object */
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parents: 26263
diff changeset
366 #define PyHeapType_GET_MEMBERS(etype) \
36631
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parents: 36517
diff changeset
367 ((PyMemberDef *)(((char *)etype) + (etype)->ht_type.ob_type->tp_basicsize))
28219
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parents: 26263
diff changeset
368
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parents: 26263
diff changeset
369
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370 /* Generic type check */
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parents: 24280
diff changeset
371 PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyType_IsSubtype(PyTypeObject *, PyTypeObject *);
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diff changeset
372 #define PyObject_TypeCheck(ob, tp) \
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diff changeset
373 ((ob)->ob_type == (tp) || PyType_IsSubtype((ob)->ob_type, (tp)))
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374
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diff changeset
375 PyAPI_DATA(PyTypeObject) PyType_Type; /* built-in 'type' */
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parents: 24280
diff changeset
376 PyAPI_DATA(PyTypeObject) PyBaseObject_Type; /* built-in 'object' */
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parents: 24280
diff changeset
377 PyAPI_DATA(PyTypeObject) PySuper_Type; /* built-in 'super' */
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diff changeset
378
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diff changeset
379 #define PyType_Check(op) PyObject_TypeCheck(op, &PyType_Type)
20725
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parents: 20445
diff changeset
380 #define PyType_CheckExact(op) ((op)->ob_type == &PyType_Type)
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381
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diff changeset
382 PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyType_Ready(PyTypeObject *);
36501
7fdc639bc5b4 Merge ssize_t branch.
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parents: 35999
diff changeset
383 PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyType_GenericAlloc(PyTypeObject *, Py_ssize_t);
24420
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parents: 24280
diff changeset
384 PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyType_GenericNew(PyTypeObject *,
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diff changeset
385 PyObject *, PyObject *);
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parents: 24280
diff changeset
386 PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) _PyType_Lookup(PyTypeObject *, PyObject *);
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parents:
diff changeset
387
86
a6934380c6e7 "Compiling" version
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parents: 68
diff changeset
388 /* Generic operations on objects */
24420
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diff changeset
389 PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyObject_Print(PyObject *, FILE *, int);
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parents: 24280
diff changeset
390 PyAPI_FUNC(void) _PyObject_Dump(PyObject *);
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parents: 24280
diff changeset
391 PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyObject_Repr(PyObject *);
35331
ef11cbc08dab Change the %s format specifier for str objects so that it returns a
Neil Schemenauer <nascheme@enme.ucalgary.ca>
parents: 33541
diff changeset
392 PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) _PyObject_Str(PyObject *);
24420
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parents: 24280
diff changeset
393 PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyObject_Str(PyObject *);
19343
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Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 19283
diff changeset
394 #ifdef Py_USING_UNICODE
24420
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parents: 24280
diff changeset
395 PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyObject_Unicode(PyObject *);
19343
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Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 19283
diff changeset
396 #endif
24420
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parents: 24280
diff changeset
397 PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyObject_Compare(PyObject *, PyObject *);
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parents: 24280
diff changeset
398 PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyObject_RichCompare(PyObject *, PyObject *, int);
36e2fd3f08f7 Excise DL_IMPORT/EXPORT from object.h, and related files. This patch
Mark Hammond <mhammond@skippinet.com.au>
parents: 24280
diff changeset
399 PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyObject_RichCompareBool(PyObject *, PyObject *, int);
35999
9541369b0dca Add const to several API functions that take char *.
Jeremy Hylton <jeremy@alum.mit.edu>
parents: 35331
diff changeset
400 PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyObject_GetAttrString(PyObject *, const char *);
9541369b0dca Add const to several API functions that take char *.
Jeremy Hylton <jeremy@alum.mit.edu>
parents: 35331
diff changeset
401 PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyObject_SetAttrString(PyObject *, const char *, PyObject *);
9541369b0dca Add const to several API functions that take char *.
Jeremy Hylton <jeremy@alum.mit.edu>
parents: 35331
diff changeset
402 PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyObject_HasAttrString(PyObject *, const char *);
24420
36e2fd3f08f7 Excise DL_IMPORT/EXPORT from object.h, and related files. This patch
Mark Hammond <mhammond@skippinet.com.au>
parents: 24280
diff changeset
403 PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyObject_GetAttr(PyObject *, PyObject *);
36e2fd3f08f7 Excise DL_IMPORT/EXPORT from object.h, and related files. This patch
Mark Hammond <mhammond@skippinet.com.au>
parents: 24280
diff changeset
404 PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyObject_SetAttr(PyObject *, PyObject *, PyObject *);
36e2fd3f08f7 Excise DL_IMPORT/EXPORT from object.h, and related files. This patch
Mark Hammond <mhammond@skippinet.com.au>
parents: 24280
diff changeset
405 PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyObject_HasAttr(PyObject *, PyObject *);
36e2fd3f08f7 Excise DL_IMPORT/EXPORT from object.h, and related files. This patch
Mark Hammond <mhammond@skippinet.com.au>
parents: 24280
diff changeset
406 PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject **) _PyObject_GetDictPtr(PyObject *);
28320
fd5ef7003469 Renamed PyObject_GenericGetIter to PyObject_SelfIter
Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com>
parents: 28308
diff changeset
407 PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyObject_SelfIter(PyObject *);
24420
36e2fd3f08f7 Excise DL_IMPORT/EXPORT from object.h, and related files. This patch
Mark Hammond <mhammond@skippinet.com.au>
parents: 24280
diff changeset
408 PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyObject_GenericGetAttr(PyObject *, PyObject *);
36e2fd3f08f7 Excise DL_IMPORT/EXPORT from object.h, and related files. This patch
Mark Hammond <mhammond@skippinet.com.au>
parents: 24280
diff changeset
409 PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyObject_GenericSetAttr(PyObject *,
18933
09df3254b49d Merge of descr-branch back into trunk.
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 17617
diff changeset
410 PyObject *, PyObject *);
24420
36e2fd3f08f7 Excise DL_IMPORT/EXPORT from object.h, and related files. This patch
Mark Hammond <mhammond@skippinet.com.au>
parents: 24280
diff changeset
411 PyAPI_FUNC(long) PyObject_Hash(PyObject *);
36e2fd3f08f7 Excise DL_IMPORT/EXPORT from object.h, and related files. This patch
Mark Hammond <mhammond@skippinet.com.au>
parents: 24280
diff changeset
412 PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyObject_IsTrue(PyObject *);
36e2fd3f08f7 Excise DL_IMPORT/EXPORT from object.h, and related files. This patch
Mark Hammond <mhammond@skippinet.com.au>
parents: 24280
diff changeset
413 PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyObject_Not(PyObject *);
36e2fd3f08f7 Excise DL_IMPORT/EXPORT from object.h, and related files. This patch
Mark Hammond <mhammond@skippinet.com.au>
parents: 24280
diff changeset
414 PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyCallable_Check(PyObject *);
36e2fd3f08f7 Excise DL_IMPORT/EXPORT from object.h, and related files. This patch
Mark Hammond <mhammond@skippinet.com.au>
parents: 24280
diff changeset
415 PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyNumber_Coerce(PyObject **, PyObject **);
36e2fd3f08f7 Excise DL_IMPORT/EXPORT from object.h, and related files. This patch
Mark Hammond <mhammond@skippinet.com.au>
parents: 24280
diff changeset
416 PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyNumber_CoerceEx(PyObject **, PyObject **);
6
fc6fcd7df4f7 Initial revision
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
417
24420
36e2fd3f08f7 Excise DL_IMPORT/EXPORT from object.h, and related files. This patch
Mark Hammond <mhammond@skippinet.com.au>
parents: 24280
diff changeset
418 PyAPI_FUNC(void) PyObject_ClearWeakRefs(PyObject *);
16385
1fb6672b20ef PEP 205, Weak References -- initial checkin.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 16235
diff changeset
419
19970
f761cab28c1c Hopefully fix 3-way comparisons. This unfortunately adds yet another
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 19705
diff changeset
420 /* A slot function whose address we need to compare */
f761cab28c1c Hopefully fix 3-way comparisons. This unfortunately adds yet another
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 19705
diff changeset
421 extern int _PyObject_SlotCompare(PyObject *, PyObject *);
f761cab28c1c Hopefully fix 3-way comparisons. This unfortunately adds yet another
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 19705
diff changeset
422
f761cab28c1c Hopefully fix 3-way comparisons. This unfortunately adds yet another
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 19705
diff changeset
423
19705
b7f6fbc087a7 At Guido's suggestion, here's a new C API function, PyObject_Dir(), like
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 19576
diff changeset
424 /* PyObject_Dir(obj) acts like Python __builtin__.dir(obj), returning a
b7f6fbc087a7 At Guido's suggestion, here's a new C API function, PyObject_Dir(), like
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 19576
diff changeset
425 list of strings. PyObject_Dir(NULL) is like __builtin__.dir(),
b7f6fbc087a7 At Guido's suggestion, here's a new C API function, PyObject_Dir(), like
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 19576
diff changeset
426 returning the names of the current locals. In this case, if there are
b7f6fbc087a7 At Guido's suggestion, here's a new C API function, PyObject_Dir(), like
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 19576
diff changeset
427 no current locals, NULL is returned, and PyErr_Occurred() is false.
b7f6fbc087a7 At Guido's suggestion, here's a new C API function, PyObject_Dir(), like
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 19576
diff changeset
428 */
24420
36e2fd3f08f7 Excise DL_IMPORT/EXPORT from object.h, and related files. This patch
Mark Hammond <mhammond@skippinet.com.au>
parents: 24280
diff changeset
429 PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyObject_Dir(PyObject *);
19705
b7f6fbc087a7 At Guido's suggestion, here's a new C API function, PyObject_Dir(), like
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 19576
diff changeset
430
b7f6fbc087a7 At Guido's suggestion, here's a new C API function, PyObject_Dir(), like
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 19576
diff changeset
431
7983
068303f925ea Add prototypes for Py_Repr{Enter,Leave}.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 7935
diff changeset
432 /* Helpers for printing recursive container types */
24420
36e2fd3f08f7 Excise DL_IMPORT/EXPORT from object.h, and related files. This patch
Mark Hammond <mhammond@skippinet.com.au>
parents: 24280
diff changeset
433 PyAPI_FUNC(int) Py_ReprEnter(PyObject *);
36e2fd3f08f7 Excise DL_IMPORT/EXPORT from object.h, and related files. This patch
Mark Hammond <mhammond@skippinet.com.au>
parents: 24280
diff changeset
434 PyAPI_FUNC(void) Py_ReprLeave(PyObject *);
7983
068303f925ea Add prototypes for Py_Repr{Enter,Leave}.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 7935
diff changeset
435
13141
cca84745da3e This patch addresses two main issues: (1) There exist some non-fatal
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 12993
diff changeset
436 /* Helpers for hash functions */
24420
36e2fd3f08f7 Excise DL_IMPORT/EXPORT from object.h, and related files. This patch
Mark Hammond <mhammond@skippinet.com.au>
parents: 24280
diff changeset
437 PyAPI_FUNC(long) _Py_HashDouble(double);
36e2fd3f08f7 Excise DL_IMPORT/EXPORT from object.h, and related files. This patch
Mark Hammond <mhammond@skippinet.com.au>
parents: 24280
diff changeset
438 PyAPI_FUNC(long) _Py_HashPointer(void*);
13141
cca84745da3e This patch addresses two main issues: (1) There exist some non-fatal
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 12993
diff changeset
439
16394
f700e6b8de1f Undo recent change that banned using import to bind a global, as per
Jeremy Hylton <jeremy@alum.mit.edu>
parents: 16385
diff changeset
440 /* Helper for passing objects to printf and the like */
f700e6b8de1f Undo recent change that banned using import to bind a global, as per
Jeremy Hylton <jeremy@alum.mit.edu>
parents: 16385
diff changeset
441 #define PyObject_REPR(obj) PyString_AS_STRING(PyObject_Repr(obj))
f700e6b8de1f Undo recent change that banned using import to bind a global, as per
Jeremy Hylton <jeremy@alum.mit.edu>
parents: 16385
diff changeset
442
6
fc6fcd7df4f7 Initial revision
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
443 /* Flag bits for printing: */
2129
05360cd616ae The great renaming, phase two: all header files have been updated to
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 2071
diff changeset
444 #define Py_PRINT_RAW 1 /* No string quotes etc. */
6
fc6fcd7df4f7 Initial revision
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
445
fc6fcd7df4f7 Initial revision
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
446 /*
24126
fdf80e04e4bb Rearranged and added comments to object.h, to clarify many things
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24122
diff changeset
447 `Type flags (tp_flags)
9304
cc3e14837379 Changes by Greg Stein (code) and GvR (design).
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 8124
diff changeset
448
cc3e14837379 Changes by Greg Stein (code) and GvR (design).
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 8124
diff changeset
449 These flags are used to extend the type structure in a backwards-compatible
cc3e14837379 Changes by Greg Stein (code) and GvR (design).
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 8124
diff changeset
450 fashion. Extensions can use the flags to indicate (and test) when a given
cc3e14837379 Changes by Greg Stein (code) and GvR (design).
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 8124
diff changeset
451 type structure contains a new feature. The Python core will use these when
cc3e14837379 Changes by Greg Stein (code) and GvR (design).
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 8124
diff changeset
452 introducing new functionality between major revisions (to avoid mid-version
cc3e14837379 Changes by Greg Stein (code) and GvR (design).
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 8124
diff changeset
453 changes in the PYTHON_API_VERSION).
cc3e14837379 Changes by Greg Stein (code) and GvR (design).
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 8124
diff changeset
454
cc3e14837379 Changes by Greg Stein (code) and GvR (design).
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 8124
diff changeset
455 Arbitration of the flag bit positions will need to be coordinated among
cc3e14837379 Changes by Greg Stein (code) and GvR (design).
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 8124
diff changeset
456 all extension writers who publically release their extensions (this will
cc3e14837379 Changes by Greg Stein (code) and GvR (design).
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 8124
diff changeset
457 be fewer than you might expect!)..
cc3e14837379 Changes by Greg Stein (code) and GvR (design).
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 8124
diff changeset
458
cc3e14837379 Changes by Greg Stein (code) and GvR (design).
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 8124
diff changeset
459 Python 1.5.2 introduced the bf_getcharbuffer slot into PyBufferProcs.
cc3e14837379 Changes by Greg Stein (code) and GvR (design).
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 8124
diff changeset
460
cc3e14837379 Changes by Greg Stein (code) and GvR (design).
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 8124
diff changeset
461 Type definitions should use Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT for their tp_flags value.
cc3e14837379 Changes by Greg Stein (code) and GvR (design).
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 8124
diff changeset
462
cc3e14837379 Changes by Greg Stein (code) and GvR (design).
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 8124
diff changeset
463 Code can use PyType_HasFeature(type_ob, flag_value) to test whether the
cc3e14837379 Changes by Greg Stein (code) and GvR (design).
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 8124
diff changeset
464 given type object has a specified feature.
cc3e14837379 Changes by Greg Stein (code) and GvR (design).
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 8124
diff changeset
465 */
cc3e14837379 Changes by Greg Stein (code) and GvR (design).
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 8124
diff changeset
466
cc3e14837379 Changes by Greg Stein (code) and GvR (design).
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 8124
diff changeset
467 /* PyBufferProcs contains bf_getcharbuffer */
cc3e14837379 Changes by Greg Stein (code) and GvR (design).
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 8124
diff changeset
468 #define Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GETCHARBUFFER (1L<<0)
cc3e14837379 Changes by Greg Stein (code) and GvR (design).
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 8124
diff changeset
469
11867
06104bcf06a6 Patch by Mozhe Zadka, for __contains__ (overloading 'in'). This adds
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 11673
diff changeset
470 /* PySequenceMethods contains sq_contains */
06104bcf06a6 Patch by Mozhe Zadka, for __contains__ (overloading 'in'). This adds
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 11673
diff changeset
471 #define Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_SEQUENCE_IN (1L<<1)
06104bcf06a6 Patch by Mozhe Zadka, for __contains__ (overloading 'in'). This adds
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 11673
diff changeset
472
19576
b67309407cfc Change the GC type flag since the API has changed. Allow types using
Neil Schemenauer <nascheme@enme.ucalgary.ca>
parents: 19470
diff changeset
473 /* This is here for backwards compatibility. Extensions that use the old GC
b67309407cfc Change the GC type flag since the API has changed. Allow types using
Neil Schemenauer <nascheme@enme.ucalgary.ca>
parents: 19470
diff changeset
474 * API will still compile but the objects will not be tracked by the GC. */
b67309407cfc Change the GC type flag since the API has changed. Allow types using
Neil Schemenauer <nascheme@enme.ucalgary.ca>
parents: 19470
diff changeset
475 #define Py_TPFLAGS_GC 0 /* used to be (1L<<2) */
12993
8f79c5b69e0a part 2 of Neil Schemenauer's GC patches:
Jeremy Hylton <jeremy@alum.mit.edu>
parents: 12990
diff changeset
476
14162
27d7d89c774b The real suport for augmented assignment: new opcodes, new PyNumber and
Thomas Wouters <thomas@python.org>
parents: 13620
diff changeset
477 /* PySequenceMethods and PyNumberMethods contain in-place operators */
27d7d89c774b The real suport for augmented assignment: new opcodes, new PyNumber and
Thomas Wouters <thomas@python.org>
parents: 13620
diff changeset
478 #define Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_INPLACEOPS (1L<<3)
27d7d89c774b The real suport for augmented assignment: new opcodes, new PyNumber and
Thomas Wouters <thomas@python.org>
parents: 13620
diff changeset
479
15716
362e53f43dd2 - Add nb_cmp slot for new style nubmers.
Neil Schemenauer <nascheme@enme.ucalgary.ca>
parents: 14497
diff changeset
480 /* PyNumberMethods do their own coercion */
15938
8fd221aed357 Introduction to rich comparisons:
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 15716
diff changeset
481 #define Py_TPFLAGS_CHECKTYPES (1L<<4)
15716
362e53f43dd2 - Add nb_cmp slot for new style nubmers.
Neil Schemenauer <nascheme@enme.ucalgary.ca>
parents: 14497
diff changeset
482
17597
32e7d0898eab Iterators phase 1. This comprises:
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 16768
diff changeset
483 /* tp_richcompare is defined */
16235
5c60184f7f52 Add a flag to indicate the presence of the tp_richcompare field, and
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 16195
diff changeset
484 #define Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_RICHCOMPARE (1L<<5)
5c60184f7f52 Add a flag to indicate the presence of the tp_richcompare field, and
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 16195
diff changeset
485
16420
38204093d9c9 Use a type flag to determine the applicability of the tp_weaklistoffset
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 16394
diff changeset
486 /* Objects which are weakly referencable if their tp_weaklistoffset is >0 */
38204093d9c9 Use a type flag to determine the applicability of the tp_weaklistoffset
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 16394
diff changeset
487 #define Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_WEAKREFS (1L<<6)
38204093d9c9 Use a type flag to determine the applicability of the tp_weaklistoffset
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 16394
diff changeset
488
17597
32e7d0898eab Iterators phase 1. This comprises:
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 16768
diff changeset
489 /* tp_iter is defined */
32e7d0898eab Iterators phase 1. This comprises:
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 16768
diff changeset
490 #define Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_ITER (1L<<7)
32e7d0898eab Iterators phase 1. This comprises:
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 16768
diff changeset
491
19051
f20727cc3d0f Implement PEP 238 in its (almost) full glory.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 19040
diff changeset
492 /* New members introduced by Python 2.2 exist */
18933
09df3254b49d Merge of descr-branch back into trunk.
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 17617
diff changeset
493 #define Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_CLASS (1L<<8)
09df3254b49d Merge of descr-branch back into trunk.
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 17617
diff changeset
494
09df3254b49d Merge of descr-branch back into trunk.
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 17617
diff changeset
495 /* Set if the type object is dynamically allocated */
09df3254b49d Merge of descr-branch back into trunk.
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 17617
diff changeset
496 #define Py_TPFLAGS_HEAPTYPE (1L<<9)
09df3254b49d Merge of descr-branch back into trunk.
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 17617
diff changeset
497
09df3254b49d Merge of descr-branch back into trunk.
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 17617
diff changeset
498 /* Set if the type allows subclassing */
09df3254b49d Merge of descr-branch back into trunk.
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 17617
diff changeset
499 #define Py_TPFLAGS_BASETYPE (1L<<10)
09df3254b49d Merge of descr-branch back into trunk.
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 17617
diff changeset
500
19134
d98121930e70 Add new flags for PyType_Ready(): READY to explicitly indicate the
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 19051
diff changeset
501 /* Set if the type is 'ready' -- fully initialized */
d98121930e70 Add new flags for PyType_Ready(): READY to explicitly indicate the
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 19051
diff changeset
502 #define Py_TPFLAGS_READY (1L<<12)
d98121930e70 Add new flags for PyType_Ready(): READY to explicitly indicate the
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 19051
diff changeset
503
d98121930e70 Add new flags for PyType_Ready(): READY to explicitly indicate the
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 19051
diff changeset
504 /* Set while the type is being 'readied', to prevent recursive ready calls */
d98121930e70 Add new flags for PyType_Ready(): READY to explicitly indicate the
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 19051
diff changeset
505 #define Py_TPFLAGS_READYING (1L<<13)
d98121930e70 Add new flags for PyType_Ready(): READY to explicitly indicate the
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 19051
diff changeset
506
19576
b67309407cfc Change the GC type flag since the API has changed. Allow types using
Neil Schemenauer <nascheme@enme.ucalgary.ca>
parents: 19470
diff changeset
507 /* Objects support garbage collection (see objimp.h) */
b67309407cfc Change the GC type flag since the API has changed. Allow types using
Neil Schemenauer <nascheme@enme.ucalgary.ca>
parents: 19470
diff changeset
508 #define Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC (1L<<14)
b67309407cfc Change the GC type flag since the API has changed. Allow types using
Neil Schemenauer <nascheme@enme.ucalgary.ca>
parents: 19470
diff changeset
509
36882
6a9c7165b17b Checking in the code for PEP 357.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 36837
diff changeset
510 /* These two bits are preserved for Stackless Python, next after this is 17 */
29184
9aa06cbd9cc1 Preserved one bit in type objects for Stackless.
Christian Tismer <tismer@stackless.com>
parents: 28653
diff changeset
511 #ifdef STACKLESS
29245
ca0c8137de84 After Raymond's remark, I changed the Stackless bits to
Christian Tismer <tismer@stackless.com>
parents: 29240
diff changeset
512 #define Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_STACKLESS_EXTENSION (3L<<15)
29184
9aa06cbd9cc1 Preserved one bit in type objects for Stackless.
Christian Tismer <tismer@stackless.com>
parents: 28653
diff changeset
513 #else
29240
e721025cca09 Generalized my type flags structure extension without being specific about
Christian Tismer <tismer@stackless.com>
parents: 29184
diff changeset
514 #define Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_STACKLESS_EXTENSION 0
29184
9aa06cbd9cc1 Preserved one bit in type objects for Stackless.
Christian Tismer <tismer@stackless.com>
parents: 28653
diff changeset
515 #endif
9aa06cbd9cc1 Preserved one bit in type objects for Stackless.
Christian Tismer <tismer@stackless.com>
parents: 28653
diff changeset
516
36882
6a9c7165b17b Checking in the code for PEP 357.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 36837
diff changeset
517 /* Objects support nb_index in PyNumberMethods */
6a9c7165b17b Checking in the code for PEP 357.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 36837
diff changeset
518 #define Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_INDEX (1L<<17)
6a9c7165b17b Checking in the code for PEP 357.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 36837
diff changeset
519
16235
5c60184f7f52 Add a flag to indicate the presence of the tp_richcompare field, and
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 16195
diff changeset
520 #define Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT ( \
5c60184f7f52 Add a flag to indicate the presence of the tp_richcompare field, and
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 16195
diff changeset
521 Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GETCHARBUFFER | \
14162
27d7d89c774b The real suport for augmented assignment: new opcodes, new PyNumber and
Thomas Wouters <thomas@python.org>
parents: 13620
diff changeset
522 Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_SEQUENCE_IN | \
16235
5c60184f7f52 Add a flag to indicate the presence of the tp_richcompare field, and
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 16195
diff changeset
523 Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_INPLACEOPS | \
5c60184f7f52 Add a flag to indicate the presence of the tp_richcompare field, and
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 16195
diff changeset
524 Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_RICHCOMPARE | \
16420
38204093d9c9 Use a type flag to determine the applicability of the tp_weaklistoffset
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 16394
diff changeset
525 Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_WEAKREFS | \
17597
32e7d0898eab Iterators phase 1. This comprises:
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 16768
diff changeset
526 Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_ITER | \
18933
09df3254b49d Merge of descr-branch back into trunk.
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 17617
diff changeset
527 Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_CLASS | \
29240
e721025cca09 Generalized my type flags structure extension without being specific about
Christian Tismer <tismer@stackless.com>
parents: 29184
diff changeset
528 Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_STACKLESS_EXTENSION | \
36882
6a9c7165b17b Checking in the code for PEP 357.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 36837
diff changeset
529 Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_INDEX | \
16235
5c60184f7f52 Add a flag to indicate the presence of the tp_richcompare field, and
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 16195
diff changeset
530 0)
9304
cc3e14837379 Changes by Greg Stein (code) and GvR (design).
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 8124
diff changeset
531
cc3e14837379 Changes by Greg Stein (code) and GvR (design).
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 8124
diff changeset
532 #define PyType_HasFeature(t,f) (((t)->tp_flags & (f)) != 0)
cc3e14837379 Changes by Greg Stein (code) and GvR (design).
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 8124
diff changeset
533
cc3e14837379 Changes by Greg Stein (code) and GvR (design).
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 8124
diff changeset
534
cc3e14837379 Changes by Greg Stein (code) and GvR (design).
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 8124
diff changeset
535 /*
2129
05360cd616ae The great renaming, phase two: all header files have been updated to
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 2071
diff changeset
536 The macros Py_INCREF(op) and Py_DECREF(op) are used to increment or decrement
24126
fdf80e04e4bb Rearranged and added comments to object.h, to clarify many things
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24122
diff changeset
537 reference counts. Py_DECREF calls the object's deallocator function when
fdf80e04e4bb Rearranged and added comments to object.h, to clarify many things
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24122
diff changeset
538 the refcount falls to 0; for
6
fc6fcd7df4f7 Initial revision
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
539 objects that don't contain references to other objects or heap memory
fc6fcd7df4f7 Initial revision
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
540 this can be the standard function free(). Both macros can be used
24126
fdf80e04e4bb Rearranged and added comments to object.h, to clarify many things
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24122
diff changeset
541 wherever a void expression is allowed. The argument must not be a
fdf80e04e4bb Rearranged and added comments to object.h, to clarify many things
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24122
diff changeset
542 NIL pointer. If it may be NIL, use Py_XINCREF/Py_XDECREF instead.
fdf80e04e4bb Rearranged and added comments to object.h, to clarify many things
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24122
diff changeset
543 The macro _Py_NewReference(op) initialize reference counts to 1, and
fdf80e04e4bb Rearranged and added comments to object.h, to clarify many things
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24122
diff changeset
544 in special builds (Py_REF_DEBUG, Py_TRACE_REFS) performs additional
fdf80e04e4bb Rearranged and added comments to object.h, to clarify many things
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24122
diff changeset
545 bookkeeping appropriate to the special build.
6
fc6fcd7df4f7 Initial revision
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
546
fc6fcd7df4f7 Initial revision
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
547 We assume that the reference count field can never overflow; this can
24126
fdf80e04e4bb Rearranged and added comments to object.h, to clarify many things
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24122
diff changeset
548 be proven when the size of the field is the same as the pointer size, so
fdf80e04e4bb Rearranged and added comments to object.h, to clarify many things
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24122
diff changeset
549 we ignore the possibility. Provided a C int is at least 32 bits (which
fdf80e04e4bb Rearranged and added comments to object.h, to clarify many things
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24122
diff changeset
550 is implicitly assumed in many parts of this code), that's enough for
fdf80e04e4bb Rearranged and added comments to object.h, to clarify many things
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24122
diff changeset
551 about 2**31 references to an object.
6
fc6fcd7df4f7 Initial revision
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
552
24126
fdf80e04e4bb Rearranged and added comments to object.h, to clarify many things
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24122
diff changeset
553 XXX The following became out of date in Python 2.2, but I'm not sure
fdf80e04e4bb Rearranged and added comments to object.h, to clarify many things
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24122
diff changeset
554 XXX what the full truth is now. Certainly, heap-allocated type objects
fdf80e04e4bb Rearranged and added comments to object.h, to clarify many things
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24122
diff changeset
555 XXX can and should be deallocated.
6
fc6fcd7df4f7 Initial revision
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
556 Type objects should never be deallocated; the type pointer in an object
fc6fcd7df4f7 Initial revision
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
557 is not considered to be a reference to the type object, to save
fc6fcd7df4f7 Initial revision
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
558 complications in the deallocation function. (This is actually a
fc6fcd7df4f7 Initial revision
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
559 decision that's up to the implementer of each new type so if you want,
fc6fcd7df4f7 Initial revision
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
560 you can count such references to the type object.)
fc6fcd7df4f7 Initial revision
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
561
2129
05360cd616ae The great renaming, phase two: all header files have been updated to
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 2071
diff changeset
562 *** WARNING*** The Py_DECREF macro must have a side-effect-free argument
6
fc6fcd7df4f7 Initial revision
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
563 since it may evaluate its argument multiple times. (The alternative
fc6fcd7df4f7 Initial revision
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
564 would be to mace it a proper function or assign it to a global temporary
fc6fcd7df4f7 Initial revision
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
565 variable first, both of which are slower; and in a multi-threaded
fc6fcd7df4f7 Initial revision
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
566 environment the global variable trick is not safe.)
fc6fcd7df4f7 Initial revision
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
567 */
fc6fcd7df4f7 Initial revision
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
568
24184
c4dcb80f48ea object.h special-build macro minefield: renamed all the new lexical
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24171
diff changeset
569 /* First define a pile of simple helper macros, one set per special
c4dcb80f48ea object.h special-build macro minefield: renamed all the new lexical
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24171
diff changeset
570 * build symbol. These either expand to the obvious things, or to
c4dcb80f48ea object.h special-build macro minefield: renamed all the new lexical
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24171
diff changeset
571 * nothing at all when the special mode isn't in effect. The main
c4dcb80f48ea object.h special-build macro minefield: renamed all the new lexical
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24171
diff changeset
572 * macros can later be defined just once then, yet expand to different
c4dcb80f48ea object.h special-build macro minefield: renamed all the new lexical
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24171
diff changeset
573 * things depending on which special build options are and aren't in effect.
c4dcb80f48ea object.h special-build macro minefield: renamed all the new lexical
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24171
diff changeset
574 * Trust me <wink>: while painful, this is 20x easier to understand than,
c4dcb80f48ea object.h special-build macro minefield: renamed all the new lexical
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24171
diff changeset
575 * e.g, defining _Py_NewReference five different times in a maze of nested
c4dcb80f48ea object.h special-build macro minefield: renamed all the new lexical
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24171
diff changeset
576 * #ifdefs (we used to do that -- it was impenetrable).
c4dcb80f48ea object.h special-build macro minefield: renamed all the new lexical
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24171
diff changeset
577 */
24126
fdf80e04e4bb Rearranged and added comments to object.h, to clarify many things
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24122
diff changeset
578 #ifdef Py_REF_DEBUG
36837
3a3aed49b245 Use Py_ssize_t for _Py_RefTotal.
Neal Norwitz <nnorwitz@gmail.com>
parents: 36748
diff changeset
579 PyAPI_DATA(Py_ssize_t) _Py_RefTotal;
24420
36e2fd3f08f7 Excise DL_IMPORT/EXPORT from object.h, and related files. This patch
Mark Hammond <mhammond@skippinet.com.au>
parents: 24280
diff changeset
580 PyAPI_FUNC(void) _Py_NegativeRefcount(const char *fname,
24155
9456a2ccda61 The Py_REF_DEBUG/COUNT_ALLOCS/Py_TRACE_REFS macro minefield: added
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24126
diff changeset
581 int lineno, PyObject *op);
37638
65ecb83ea7dd Ignore the references to the dummy objects used as deleted keys
Armin Rigo <arigo@tunes.org>
parents: 36882
diff changeset
582 PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) _PyDict_Dummy(void);
65ecb83ea7dd Ignore the references to the dummy objects used as deleted keys
Armin Rigo <arigo@tunes.org>
parents: 36882
diff changeset
583 PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) _PySet_Dummy(void);
65ecb83ea7dd Ignore the references to the dummy objects used as deleted keys
Armin Rigo <arigo@tunes.org>
parents: 36882
diff changeset
584 PyAPI_FUNC(Py_ssize_t) _Py_GetRefTotal(void);
24184
c4dcb80f48ea object.h special-build macro minefield: renamed all the new lexical
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24171
diff changeset
585 #define _Py_INC_REFTOTAL _Py_RefTotal++
c4dcb80f48ea object.h special-build macro minefield: renamed all the new lexical
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24171
diff changeset
586 #define _Py_DEC_REFTOTAL _Py_RefTotal--
c4dcb80f48ea object.h special-build macro minefield: renamed all the new lexical
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24171
diff changeset
587 #define _Py_REF_DEBUG_COMMA ,
c4dcb80f48ea object.h special-build macro minefield: renamed all the new lexical
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24171
diff changeset
588 #define _Py_CHECK_REFCNT(OP) \
24155
9456a2ccda61 The Py_REF_DEBUG/COUNT_ALLOCS/Py_TRACE_REFS macro minefield: added
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24126
diff changeset
589 { if ((OP)->ob_refcnt < 0) \
9456a2ccda61 The Py_REF_DEBUG/COUNT_ALLOCS/Py_TRACE_REFS macro minefield: added
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24126
diff changeset
590 _Py_NegativeRefcount(__FILE__, __LINE__, \
9456a2ccda61 The Py_REF_DEBUG/COUNT_ALLOCS/Py_TRACE_REFS macro minefield: added
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24126
diff changeset
591 (PyObject *)(OP)); \
9456a2ccda61 The Py_REF_DEBUG/COUNT_ALLOCS/Py_TRACE_REFS macro minefield: added
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24126
diff changeset
592 }
24126
fdf80e04e4bb Rearranged and added comments to object.h, to clarify many things
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24122
diff changeset
593 #else
24184
c4dcb80f48ea object.h special-build macro minefield: renamed all the new lexical
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24171
diff changeset
594 #define _Py_INC_REFTOTAL
c4dcb80f48ea object.h special-build macro minefield: renamed all the new lexical
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24171
diff changeset
595 #define _Py_DEC_REFTOTAL
c4dcb80f48ea object.h special-build macro minefield: renamed all the new lexical
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24171
diff changeset
596 #define _Py_REF_DEBUG_COMMA
c4dcb80f48ea object.h special-build macro minefield: renamed all the new lexical
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24171
diff changeset
597 #define _Py_CHECK_REFCNT(OP) /* a semicolon */;
24171
5e4b8d1e9fd6 Uglified the new Py_REF_DEBUG (etc) lexical helper macro definitions so
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24155
diff changeset
598 #endif /* Py_REF_DEBUG */
6
fc6fcd7df4f7 Initial revision
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
599
1347
a22a350d3a5d * Extended X interface: pixmap objects, colormap objects visual objects,
Sjoerd Mullender <sjoerd@acm.org>
parents: 1329
diff changeset
600 #ifdef COUNT_ALLOCS
24420
36e2fd3f08f7 Excise DL_IMPORT/EXPORT from object.h, and related files. This patch
Mark Hammond <mhammond@skippinet.com.au>
parents: 24280
diff changeset
601 PyAPI_FUNC(void) inc_count(PyTypeObject *);
37831
d82dced6f1fa Remove types from type_list if they have no objects
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 37726
diff changeset
602 PyAPI_FUNC(void) dec_count(PyTypeObject *);
24184
c4dcb80f48ea object.h special-build macro minefield: renamed all the new lexical
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24171
diff changeset
603 #define _Py_INC_TPALLOCS(OP) inc_count((OP)->ob_type)
37831
d82dced6f1fa Remove types from type_list if they have no objects
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 37726
diff changeset
604 #define _Py_INC_TPFREES(OP) dec_count((OP)->ob_type)
24184
c4dcb80f48ea object.h special-build macro minefield: renamed all the new lexical
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24171
diff changeset
605 #define _Py_DEC_TPFREES(OP) (OP)->ob_type->tp_frees--
c4dcb80f48ea object.h special-build macro minefield: renamed all the new lexical
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24171
diff changeset
606 #define _Py_COUNT_ALLOCS_COMMA ,
24126
fdf80e04e4bb Rearranged and added comments to object.h, to clarify many things
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24122
diff changeset
607 #else
24184
c4dcb80f48ea object.h special-build macro minefield: renamed all the new lexical
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24171
diff changeset
608 #define _Py_INC_TPALLOCS(OP)
c4dcb80f48ea object.h special-build macro minefield: renamed all the new lexical
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24171
diff changeset
609 #define _Py_INC_TPFREES(OP)
c4dcb80f48ea object.h special-build macro minefield: renamed all the new lexical
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24171
diff changeset
610 #define _Py_DEC_TPFREES(OP)
c4dcb80f48ea object.h special-build macro minefield: renamed all the new lexical
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24171
diff changeset
611 #define _Py_COUNT_ALLOCS_COMMA
24171
5e4b8d1e9fd6 Uglified the new Py_REF_DEBUG (etc) lexical helper macro definitions so
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24155
diff changeset
612 #endif /* COUNT_ALLOCS */
1347
a22a350d3a5d * Extended X interface: pixmap objects, colormap objects visual objects,
Sjoerd Mullender <sjoerd@acm.org>
parents: 1329
diff changeset
613
24126
fdf80e04e4bb Rearranged and added comments to object.h, to clarify many things
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24122
diff changeset
614 #ifdef Py_TRACE_REFS
fdf80e04e4bb Rearranged and added comments to object.h, to clarify many things
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24122
diff changeset
615 /* Py_TRACE_REFS is such major surgery that we call external routines. */
24420
36e2fd3f08f7 Excise DL_IMPORT/EXPORT from object.h, and related files. This patch
Mark Hammond <mhammond@skippinet.com.au>
parents: 24280
diff changeset
616 PyAPI_FUNC(void) _Py_NewReference(PyObject *);
36e2fd3f08f7 Excise DL_IMPORT/EXPORT from object.h, and related files. This patch
Mark Hammond <mhammond@skippinet.com.au>
parents: 24280
diff changeset
617 PyAPI_FUNC(void) _Py_ForgetReference(PyObject *);
36e2fd3f08f7 Excise DL_IMPORT/EXPORT from object.h, and related files. This patch
Mark Hammond <mhammond@skippinet.com.au>
parents: 24280
diff changeset
618 PyAPI_FUNC(void) _Py_Dealloc(PyObject *);
36e2fd3f08f7 Excise DL_IMPORT/EXPORT from object.h, and related files. This patch
Mark Hammond <mhammond@skippinet.com.au>
parents: 24280
diff changeset
619 PyAPI_FUNC(void) _Py_PrintReferences(FILE *);
28653
56006d97bcef _Py_PrintReferences(): Changed to print object address at start of each
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 28396
diff changeset
620 PyAPI_FUNC(void) _Py_PrintReferenceAddresses(FILE *);
28396
d56282c28a1e Improved new Py_TRACE_REFS gimmicks.
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 28389
diff changeset
621 PyAPI_FUNC(void) _Py_AddToAllObjects(PyObject *, int force);
24126
fdf80e04e4bb Rearranged and added comments to object.h, to clarify many things
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24122
diff changeset
622
fdf80e04e4bb Rearranged and added comments to object.h, to clarify many things
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24122
diff changeset
623 #else
fdf80e04e4bb Rearranged and added comments to object.h, to clarify many things
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24122
diff changeset
624 /* Without Py_TRACE_REFS, there's little enough to do that we expand code
fdf80e04e4bb Rearranged and added comments to object.h, to clarify many things
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24122
diff changeset
625 * inline.
fdf80e04e4bb Rearranged and added comments to object.h, to clarify many things
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24122
diff changeset
626 */
24184
c4dcb80f48ea object.h special-build macro minefield: renamed all the new lexical
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24171
diff changeset
627 #define _Py_NewReference(op) ( \
c4dcb80f48ea object.h special-build macro minefield: renamed all the new lexical
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24171
diff changeset
628 _Py_INC_TPALLOCS(op) _Py_COUNT_ALLOCS_COMMA \
c4dcb80f48ea object.h special-build macro minefield: renamed all the new lexical
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24171
diff changeset
629 _Py_INC_REFTOTAL _Py_REF_DEBUG_COMMA \
24126
fdf80e04e4bb Rearranged and added comments to object.h, to clarify many things
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24122
diff changeset
630 (op)->ob_refcnt = 1)
fdf80e04e4bb Rearranged and added comments to object.h, to clarify many things
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24122
diff changeset
631
24184
c4dcb80f48ea object.h special-build macro minefield: renamed all the new lexical
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24171
diff changeset
632 #define _Py_ForgetReference(op) _Py_INC_TPFREES(op)
24126
fdf80e04e4bb Rearranged and added comments to object.h, to clarify many things
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24122
diff changeset
633
24171
5e4b8d1e9fd6 Uglified the new Py_REF_DEBUG (etc) lexical helper macro definitions so
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24155
diff changeset
634 #define _Py_Dealloc(op) ( \
24184
c4dcb80f48ea object.h special-build macro minefield: renamed all the new lexical
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24171
diff changeset
635 _Py_INC_TPFREES(op) _Py_COUNT_ALLOCS_COMMA \
24126
fdf80e04e4bb Rearranged and added comments to object.h, to clarify many things
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24122
diff changeset
636 (*(op)->ob_type->tp_dealloc)((PyObject *)(op)))
fdf80e04e4bb Rearranged and added comments to object.h, to clarify many things
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24122
diff changeset
637 #endif /* !Py_TRACE_REFS */
fdf80e04e4bb Rearranged and added comments to object.h, to clarify many things
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24122
diff changeset
638
24184
c4dcb80f48ea object.h special-build macro minefield: renamed all the new lexical
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24171
diff changeset
639 #define Py_INCREF(op) ( \
c4dcb80f48ea object.h special-build macro minefield: renamed all the new lexical
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24171
diff changeset
640 _Py_INC_REFTOTAL _Py_REF_DEBUG_COMMA \
24126
fdf80e04e4bb Rearranged and added comments to object.h, to clarify many things
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24122
diff changeset
641 (op)->ob_refcnt++)
fdf80e04e4bb Rearranged and added comments to object.h, to clarify many things
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24122
diff changeset
642
24184
c4dcb80f48ea object.h special-build macro minefield: renamed all the new lexical
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24171
diff changeset
643 #define Py_DECREF(op) \
c4dcb80f48ea object.h special-build macro minefield: renamed all the new lexical
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24171
diff changeset
644 if (_Py_DEC_REFTOTAL _Py_REF_DEBUG_COMMA \
c4dcb80f48ea object.h special-build macro minefield: renamed all the new lexical
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24171
diff changeset
645 --(op)->ob_refcnt != 0) \
c4dcb80f48ea object.h special-build macro minefield: renamed all the new lexical
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24171
diff changeset
646 _Py_CHECK_REFCNT(op) \
c4dcb80f48ea object.h special-build macro minefield: renamed all the new lexical
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24171
diff changeset
647 else \
5943
ac877c4768e1 Add a cast to the call to _Py_Dealloc in the expanded version of
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 5535
diff changeset
648 _Py_Dealloc((PyObject *)(op))
6
fc6fcd7df4f7 Initial revision
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
649
37726
27a639c4471a There were no comments explaining what Py_CLEAR() did or
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 37638
diff changeset
650 /* Safely decref `op` and set `op` to NULL, especially useful in tp_clear
27a639c4471a There were no comments explaining what Py_CLEAR() did or
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 37638
diff changeset
651 * and tp_dealloc implementatons.
27a639c4471a There were no comments explaining what Py_CLEAR() did or
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 37638
diff changeset
652 *
27a639c4471a There were no comments explaining what Py_CLEAR() did or
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 37638
diff changeset
653 * Note that "the obvious" code can be deadly:
27a639c4471a There were no comments explaining what Py_CLEAR() did or
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 37638
diff changeset
654 *
27a639c4471a There were no comments explaining what Py_CLEAR() did or
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 37638
diff changeset
655 * Py_XDECREF(op);
27a639c4471a There were no comments explaining what Py_CLEAR() did or
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 37638
diff changeset
656 * op = NULL;
27a639c4471a There were no comments explaining what Py_CLEAR() did or
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 37638
diff changeset
657 *
27a639c4471a There were no comments explaining what Py_CLEAR() did or
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 37638
diff changeset
658 * Typically, `op` is something like self->containee, and `self` is done
27a639c4471a There were no comments explaining what Py_CLEAR() did or
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 37638
diff changeset
659 * using its `containee` member. In the code sequence above, suppose
27a639c4471a There were no comments explaining what Py_CLEAR() did or
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 37638
diff changeset
660 * `containee` is non-NULL with a refcount of 1. Its refcount falls to
27a639c4471a There were no comments explaining what Py_CLEAR() did or
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 37638
diff changeset
661 * 0 on the first line, which can trigger an arbitrary amount of code,
27a639c4471a There were no comments explaining what Py_CLEAR() did or
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 37638
diff changeset
662 * possibly including finalizers (like __del__ methods or weakref callbacks)
27a639c4471a There were no comments explaining what Py_CLEAR() did or
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 37638
diff changeset
663 * coded in Python, which in turn can release the GIL and allow other threads
27a639c4471a There were no comments explaining what Py_CLEAR() did or
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 37638
diff changeset
664 * to run, etc. Such code may even invoke methods of `self` again, or cause
27a639c4471a There were no comments explaining what Py_CLEAR() did or
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 37638
diff changeset
665 * cyclic gc to trigger, but-- oops! --self->containee still points to the
27a639c4471a There were no comments explaining what Py_CLEAR() did or
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 37638
diff changeset
666 * object being torn down, and it may be in an insane state while being torn
27a639c4471a There were no comments explaining what Py_CLEAR() did or
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 37638
diff changeset
667 * down. This has in fact been a rich historic source of miserable (rare &
27a639c4471a There were no comments explaining what Py_CLEAR() did or
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 37638
diff changeset
668 * hard-to-diagnose) segfaulting (and other) bugs.
27a639c4471a There were no comments explaining what Py_CLEAR() did or
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 37638
diff changeset
669 *
27a639c4471a There were no comments explaining what Py_CLEAR() did or
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 37638
diff changeset
670 * The safe way is:
27a639c4471a There were no comments explaining what Py_CLEAR() did or
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 37638
diff changeset
671 *
27a639c4471a There were no comments explaining what Py_CLEAR() did or
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 37638
diff changeset
672 * Py_CLEAR(op);
27a639c4471a There were no comments explaining what Py_CLEAR() did or
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 37638
diff changeset
673 *
27a639c4471a There were no comments explaining what Py_CLEAR() did or
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 37638
diff changeset
674 * That arranges to set `op` to NULL _before_ decref'ing, so that any code
27a639c4471a There were no comments explaining what Py_CLEAR() did or
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 37638
diff changeset
675 * triggered as a side-effect of `op` getting torn down no longer believes
27a639c4471a There were no comments explaining what Py_CLEAR() did or
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 37638
diff changeset
676 * `op` points to a valid object.
27a639c4471a There were no comments explaining what Py_CLEAR() did or
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 37638
diff changeset
677 *
27a639c4471a There were no comments explaining what Py_CLEAR() did or
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 37638
diff changeset
678 * There are cases where it's safe to use the naive code, but they're brittle.
27a639c4471a There were no comments explaining what Py_CLEAR() did or
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 37638
diff changeset
679 * For example, if `op` points to a Python integer, you know that destroying
27a639c4471a There were no comments explaining what Py_CLEAR() did or
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 37638
diff changeset
680 * one of those can't cause problems -- but in part that relies on that
27a639c4471a There were no comments explaining what Py_CLEAR() did or
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 37638
diff changeset
681 * Python integers aren't currently weakly referencable. Best practice is
27a639c4471a There were no comments explaining what Py_CLEAR() did or
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 37638
diff changeset
682 * to use Py_CLEAR() even if you can't think of a reason for why you need to.
27a639c4471a There were no comments explaining what Py_CLEAR() did or
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 37638
diff changeset
683 */
32670
a1a9776fab53 Implemented a new Py_CLEAR macro. This macro should be used when
Jim Fulton <jim@zope.com>
parents: 31940
diff changeset
684 #define Py_CLEAR(op) \
a1a9776fab53 Implemented a new Py_CLEAR macro. This macro should be used when
Jim Fulton <jim@zope.com>
parents: 31940
diff changeset
685 do { \
a1a9776fab53 Implemented a new Py_CLEAR macro. This macro should be used when
Jim Fulton <jim@zope.com>
parents: 31940
diff changeset
686 if (op) { \
33386
c2c49ee727d0 SF patch #1020188: Use Py_CLEAR where necessary to avoid crashes
Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com>
parents: 32793
diff changeset
687 PyObject *tmp = (PyObject *)(op); \
32670
a1a9776fab53 Implemented a new Py_CLEAR macro. This macro should be used when
Jim Fulton <jim@zope.com>
parents: 31940
diff changeset
688 (op) = NULL; \
a1a9776fab53 Implemented a new Py_CLEAR macro. This macro should be used when
Jim Fulton <jim@zope.com>
parents: 31940
diff changeset
689 Py_DECREF(tmp); \
a1a9776fab53 Implemented a new Py_CLEAR macro. This macro should be used when
Jim Fulton <jim@zope.com>
parents: 31940
diff changeset
690 } \
a1a9776fab53 Implemented a new Py_CLEAR macro. This macro should be used when
Jim Fulton <jim@zope.com>
parents: 31940
diff changeset
691 } while (0)
a1a9776fab53 Implemented a new Py_CLEAR macro. This macro should be used when
Jim Fulton <jim@zope.com>
parents: 31940
diff changeset
692
86
a6934380c6e7 "Compiling" version
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 68
diff changeset
693 /* Macros to use in case the object pointer may be NULL: */
2129
05360cd616ae The great renaming, phase two: all header files have been updated to
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 2071
diff changeset
694 #define Py_XINCREF(op) if ((op) == NULL) ; else Py_INCREF(op)
05360cd616ae The great renaming, phase two: all header files have been updated to
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 2071
diff changeset
695 #define Py_XDECREF(op) if ((op) == NULL) ; else Py_DECREF(op)
6
fc6fcd7df4f7 Initial revision
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
696
fc6fcd7df4f7 Initial revision
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
697 /*
31940
059740d52ae5 Two new public API functions, Py_IncRef and Py_DecRef. Useful for
Thomas Heller <theller@ctypes.org>
parents: 30887
diff changeset
698 These are provided as conveniences to Python runtime embedders, so that
059740d52ae5 Two new public API functions, Py_IncRef and Py_DecRef. Useful for
Thomas Heller <theller@ctypes.org>
parents: 30887
diff changeset
699 they can have object code that is not dependent on Python compilation flags.
059740d52ae5 Two new public API functions, Py_IncRef and Py_DecRef. Useful for
Thomas Heller <theller@ctypes.org>
parents: 30887
diff changeset
700 */
059740d52ae5 Two new public API functions, Py_IncRef and Py_DecRef. Useful for
Thomas Heller <theller@ctypes.org>
parents: 30887
diff changeset
701 PyAPI_FUNC(void) Py_IncRef(PyObject *);
059740d52ae5 Two new public API functions, Py_IncRef and Py_DecRef. Useful for
Thomas Heller <theller@ctypes.org>
parents: 30887
diff changeset
702 PyAPI_FUNC(void) Py_DecRef(PyObject *);
059740d52ae5 Two new public API functions, Py_IncRef and Py_DecRef. Useful for
Thomas Heller <theller@ctypes.org>
parents: 30887
diff changeset
703
059740d52ae5 Two new public API functions, Py_IncRef and Py_DecRef. Useful for
Thomas Heller <theller@ctypes.org>
parents: 30887
diff changeset
704 /*
2129
05360cd616ae The great renaming, phase two: all header files have been updated to
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 2071
diff changeset
705 _Py_NoneStruct is an object of undefined type which can be used in contexts
6
fc6fcd7df4f7 Initial revision
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
706 where NULL (nil) is not suitable (since NULL often means 'error').
fc6fcd7df4f7 Initial revision
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
707
2129
05360cd616ae The great renaming, phase two: all header files have been updated to
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 2071
diff changeset
708 Don't forget to apply Py_INCREF() when returning this value!!!
6
fc6fcd7df4f7 Initial revision
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
709 */
24420
36e2fd3f08f7 Excise DL_IMPORT/EXPORT from object.h, and related files. This patch
Mark Hammond <mhammond@skippinet.com.au>
parents: 24280
diff changeset
710 PyAPI_DATA(PyObject) _Py_NoneStruct; /* Don't use this directly */
2129
05360cd616ae The great renaming, phase two: all header files have been updated to
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 2071
diff changeset
711 #define Py_None (&_Py_NoneStruct)
6
fc6fcd7df4f7 Initial revision
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
712
30719
7dfdf9e8d95d Defined macros Py_RETURN_(TRUE|FALSE|NONE) as helper functions for returning
Brett Cannon <bcannon@gmail.com>
parents: 29245
diff changeset
713 /* Macro for returning Py_None from a function */
32793
1e2187f50631 SF bug 994255: Py_RETURN_NONE causes too much warnings
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 32670
diff changeset
714 #define Py_RETURN_NONE return Py_INCREF(Py_None), Py_None
30719
7dfdf9e8d95d Defined macros Py_RETURN_(TRUE|FALSE|NONE) as helper functions for returning
Brett Cannon <bcannon@gmail.com>
parents: 29245
diff changeset
715
15716
362e53f43dd2 - Add nb_cmp slot for new style nubmers.
Neil Schemenauer <nascheme@enme.ucalgary.ca>
parents: 14497
diff changeset
716 /*
362e53f43dd2 - Add nb_cmp slot for new style nubmers.
Neil Schemenauer <nascheme@enme.ucalgary.ca>
parents: 14497
diff changeset
717 Py_NotImplemented is a singleton used to signal that an operation is
362e53f43dd2 - Add nb_cmp slot for new style nubmers.
Neil Schemenauer <nascheme@enme.ucalgary.ca>
parents: 14497
diff changeset
718 not implemented for a given type combination.
362e53f43dd2 - Add nb_cmp slot for new style nubmers.
Neil Schemenauer <nascheme@enme.ucalgary.ca>
parents: 14497
diff changeset
719 */
24420
36e2fd3f08f7 Excise DL_IMPORT/EXPORT from object.h, and related files. This patch
Mark Hammond <mhammond@skippinet.com.au>
parents: 24280
diff changeset
720 PyAPI_DATA(PyObject) _Py_NotImplementedStruct; /* Don't use this directly */
15716
362e53f43dd2 - Add nb_cmp slot for new style nubmers.
Neil Schemenauer <nascheme@enme.ucalgary.ca>
parents: 14497
diff changeset
721 #define Py_NotImplemented (&_Py_NotImplementedStruct)
6
fc6fcd7df4f7 Initial revision
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
722
15938
8fd221aed357 Introduction to rich comparisons:
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 15716
diff changeset
723 /* Rich comparison opcodes */
8fd221aed357 Introduction to rich comparisons:
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 15716
diff changeset
724 #define Py_LT 0
8fd221aed357 Introduction to rich comparisons:
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 15716
diff changeset
725 #define Py_LE 1
8fd221aed357 Introduction to rich comparisons:
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 15716
diff changeset
726 #define Py_EQ 2
8fd221aed357 Introduction to rich comparisons:
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 15716
diff changeset
727 #define Py_NE 3
8fd221aed357 Introduction to rich comparisons:
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 15716
diff changeset
728 #define Py_GT 4
8fd221aed357 Introduction to rich comparisons:
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 15716
diff changeset
729 #define Py_GE 5
8fd221aed357 Introduction to rich comparisons:
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 15716
diff changeset
730
33541
781aef974463 A static swapped_op[] array was defined in 3 different C files, & I think
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 33386
diff changeset
731 /* Maps Py_LT to Py_GT, ..., Py_GE to Py_LE.
781aef974463 A static swapped_op[] array was defined in 3 different C files, & I think
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 33386
diff changeset
732 * Defined in object.c.
781aef974463 A static swapped_op[] array was defined in 3 different C files, & I think
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 33386
diff changeset
733 */
781aef974463 A static swapped_op[] array was defined in 3 different C files, & I think
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 33386
diff changeset
734 PyAPI_DATA(int) _Py_SwappedOp[];
781aef974463 A static swapped_op[] array was defined in 3 different C files, & I think
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 33386
diff changeset
735
6
fc6fcd7df4f7 Initial revision
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
736 /*
24280
1598a1e473e2 staticforward bites the dust.
Jeremy Hylton <jeremy@alum.mit.edu>
parents: 24184
diff changeset
737 Define staticforward and statichere for source compatibility with old
1598a1e473e2 staticforward bites the dust.
Jeremy Hylton <jeremy@alum.mit.edu>
parents: 24184
diff changeset
738 C extensions.
1598a1e473e2 staticforward bites the dust.
Jeremy Hylton <jeremy@alum.mit.edu>
parents: 24184
diff changeset
739
1598a1e473e2 staticforward bites the dust.
Jeremy Hylton <jeremy@alum.mit.edu>
parents: 24184
diff changeset
740 The staticforward define was needed to support certain broken C
1598a1e473e2 staticforward bites the dust.
Jeremy Hylton <jeremy@alum.mit.edu>
parents: 24184
diff changeset
741 compilers (notably SCO ODT 3.0, perhaps early AIX as well) botched the
1598a1e473e2 staticforward bites the dust.
Jeremy Hylton <jeremy@alum.mit.edu>
parents: 24184
diff changeset
742 static keyword when it was used with a forward declaration of a static
1598a1e473e2 staticforward bites the dust.
Jeremy Hylton <jeremy@alum.mit.edu>
parents: 24184
diff changeset
743 initialized structure. Standard C allows the forward declaration with
1598a1e473e2 staticforward bites the dust.
Jeremy Hylton <jeremy@alum.mit.edu>
parents: 24184
diff changeset
744 static, and we've decided to stop catering to broken C compilers.
1598a1e473e2 staticforward bites the dust.
Jeremy Hylton <jeremy@alum.mit.edu>
parents: 24184
diff changeset
745 (In fact, we expect that the compilers are all fixed eight years later.)
1746
1940892d2fe3 Merge alpha100 branch back to main trunk
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 1400
diff changeset
746 */
1940892d2fe3 Merge alpha100 branch back to main trunk
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 1400
diff changeset
747
1940892d2fe3 Merge alpha100 branch back to main trunk
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 1400
diff changeset
748 #define staticforward static
2422
f4f71ebea53f change in staticforward -- added statichere
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 2364
diff changeset
749 #define statichere static
1746
1940892d2fe3 Merge alpha100 branch back to main trunk
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 1400
diff changeset
750
1940892d2fe3 Merge alpha100 branch back to main trunk
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 1400
diff changeset
751
1940892d2fe3 Merge alpha100 branch back to main trunk
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 1400
diff changeset
752 /*
6
fc6fcd7df4f7 Initial revision
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
753 More conventions
fc6fcd7df4f7 Initial revision
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
754 ================
fc6fcd7df4f7 Initial revision
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
755
fc6fcd7df4f7 Initial revision
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
756 Argument Checking
fc6fcd7df4f7 Initial revision
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
757 -----------------
fc6fcd7df4f7 Initial revision
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
758
fc6fcd7df4f7 Initial revision
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
759 Functions that take objects as arguments normally don't check for nil
fc6fcd7df4f7 Initial revision
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
760 arguments, but they do check the type of the argument, and return an
fc6fcd7df4f7 Initial revision
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
761 error if the function doesn't apply to the type.
fc6fcd7df4f7 Initial revision
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
762
fc6fcd7df4f7 Initial revision
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
763 Failure Modes
fc6fcd7df4f7 Initial revision
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
764 -------------
fc6fcd7df4f7 Initial revision
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
765
fc6fcd7df4f7 Initial revision
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
766 Functions may fail for a variety of reasons, including running out of
86
a6934380c6e7 "Compiling" version
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 68
diff changeset
767 memory. This is communicated to the caller in two ways: an error string
a6934380c6e7 "Compiling" version
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 68
diff changeset
768 is set (see errors.h), and the function result differs: functions that
a6934380c6e7 "Compiling" version
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 68
diff changeset
769 normally return a pointer return NULL for failure, functions returning
a6934380c6e7 "Compiling" version
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 68
diff changeset
770 an integer return -1 (which could be a legal return value too!), and
a6934380c6e7 "Compiling" version
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 68
diff changeset
771 other functions return 0 for success and -1 for failure.
24126
fdf80e04e4bb Rearranged and added comments to object.h, to clarify many things
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24122
diff changeset
772 Callers should always check for errors before using the result. If
fdf80e04e4bb Rearranged and added comments to object.h, to clarify many things
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24122
diff changeset
773 an error was set, the caller must either explicitly clear it, or pass
fdf80e04e4bb Rearranged and added comments to object.h, to clarify many things
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24122
diff changeset
774 the error on to its caller.
6
fc6fcd7df4f7 Initial revision
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
775
fc6fcd7df4f7 Initial revision
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
776 Reference Counts
fc6fcd7df4f7 Initial revision
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
777 ----------------
fc6fcd7df4f7 Initial revision
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
778
fc6fcd7df4f7 Initial revision
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
779 It takes a while to get used to the proper usage of reference counts.
fc6fcd7df4f7 Initial revision
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
780
fc6fcd7df4f7 Initial revision
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
781 Functions that create an object set the reference count to 1; such new
2129
05360cd616ae The great renaming, phase two: all header files have been updated to
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 2071
diff changeset
782 objects must be stored somewhere or destroyed again with Py_DECREF().
30887
3ae82928b113 fixed buggy comment as per SF bug #827856
Alex Martelli <aleaxit@gmail.com>
parents: 30721
diff changeset
783 Some functions that 'store' objects, such as PyTuple_SetItem() and
3ae82928b113 fixed buggy comment as per SF bug #827856
Alex Martelli <aleaxit@gmail.com>
parents: 30721
diff changeset
784 PyList_SetItem(),
6
fc6fcd7df4f7 Initial revision
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
785 don't increment the reference count of the object, since the most
fc6fcd7df4f7 Initial revision
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
786 frequent use is to store a fresh object. Functions that 'retrieve'
30887
3ae82928b113 fixed buggy comment as per SF bug #827856
Alex Martelli <aleaxit@gmail.com>
parents: 30721
diff changeset
787 objects, such as PyTuple_GetItem() and PyDict_GetItemString(), also
2129
05360cd616ae The great renaming, phase two: all header files have been updated to
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 2071
diff changeset
788 don't increment
6
fc6fcd7df4f7 Initial revision
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
789 the reference count, since most frequently the object is only looked at
fc6fcd7df4f7 Initial revision
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
790 quickly. Thus, to retrieve an object and store it again, the caller
2129
05360cd616ae The great renaming, phase two: all header files have been updated to
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 2071
diff changeset
791 must call Py_INCREF() explicitly.
6
fc6fcd7df4f7 Initial revision
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
792
30887
3ae82928b113 fixed buggy comment as per SF bug #827856
Alex Martelli <aleaxit@gmail.com>
parents: 30721
diff changeset
793 NOTE: functions that 'consume' a reference count, like
3ae82928b113 fixed buggy comment as per SF bug #827856
Alex Martelli <aleaxit@gmail.com>
parents: 30721
diff changeset
794 PyList_SetItem(), consume the reference even if the object wasn't
3ae82928b113 fixed buggy comment as per SF bug #827856
Alex Martelli <aleaxit@gmail.com>
parents: 30721
diff changeset
795 successfully stored, to simplify error handling.
6
fc6fcd7df4f7 Initial revision
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
796
fc6fcd7df4f7 Initial revision
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
797 It seems attractive to make other functions that take an object as
30887
3ae82928b113 fixed buggy comment as per SF bug #827856
Alex Martelli <aleaxit@gmail.com>
parents: 30721
diff changeset
798 argument consume a reference count; however, this may quickly get
6
fc6fcd7df4f7 Initial revision
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
799 confusing (even the current practice is already confusing). Consider
2129
05360cd616ae The great renaming, phase two: all header files have been updated to
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 2071
diff changeset
800 it carefully, it may save lots of calls to Py_INCREF() and Py_DECREF() at
6
fc6fcd7df4f7 Initial revision
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
801 times.
fc6fcd7df4f7 Initial revision
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
802 */
1329
519c25039c6a * Added support for X11 modules.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 1324
diff changeset
803
24122
d332484e394a Trashcan cleanup: Now that cyclic gc is always there, the trashcan
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24121
diff changeset
804
d332484e394a Trashcan cleanup: Now that cyclic gc is always there, the trashcan
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24121
diff changeset
805 /* Trashcan mechanism, thanks to Christian Tismer.
d332484e394a Trashcan cleanup: Now that cyclic gc is always there, the trashcan
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24121
diff changeset
806
d332484e394a Trashcan cleanup: Now that cyclic gc is always there, the trashcan
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24121
diff changeset
807 When deallocating a container object, it's possible to trigger an unbounded
d332484e394a Trashcan cleanup: Now that cyclic gc is always there, the trashcan
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24121
diff changeset
808 chain of deallocations, as each Py_DECREF in turn drops the refcount on "the
d332484e394a Trashcan cleanup: Now that cyclic gc is always there, the trashcan
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24121
diff changeset
809 next" object in the chain to 0. This can easily lead to stack faults, and
d332484e394a Trashcan cleanup: Now that cyclic gc is always there, the trashcan
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24121
diff changeset
810 especially in threads (which typically have less stack space to work with).
11999
c94247b5c355 Christian Tismer's "trashcan" patch:
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 11891
diff changeset
811
24122
d332484e394a Trashcan cleanup: Now that cyclic gc is always there, the trashcan
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24121
diff changeset
812 A container object that participates in cyclic gc can avoid this by
d332484e394a Trashcan cleanup: Now that cyclic gc is always there, the trashcan
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24121
diff changeset
813 bracketing the body of its tp_dealloc function with a pair of macros:
d332484e394a Trashcan cleanup: Now that cyclic gc is always there, the trashcan
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24121
diff changeset
814
d332484e394a Trashcan cleanup: Now that cyclic gc is always there, the trashcan
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24121
diff changeset
815 static void
d332484e394a Trashcan cleanup: Now that cyclic gc is always there, the trashcan
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24121
diff changeset
816 mytype_dealloc(mytype *p)
d332484e394a Trashcan cleanup: Now that cyclic gc is always there, the trashcan
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24121
diff changeset
817 {
d332484e394a Trashcan cleanup: Now that cyclic gc is always there, the trashcan
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24121
diff changeset
818 ... declarations go here ...
11999
c94247b5c355 Christian Tismer's "trashcan" patch:
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 11891
diff changeset
819
24122
d332484e394a Trashcan cleanup: Now that cyclic gc is always there, the trashcan
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24121
diff changeset
820 PyObject_GC_UnTrack(p); // must untrack first
d332484e394a Trashcan cleanup: Now that cyclic gc is always there, the trashcan
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24121
diff changeset
821 Py_TRASHCAN_SAFE_BEGIN(p)
d332484e394a Trashcan cleanup: Now that cyclic gc is always there, the trashcan
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24121
diff changeset
822 ... The body of the deallocator goes here, including all calls ...
d332484e394a Trashcan cleanup: Now that cyclic gc is always there, the trashcan
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24121
diff changeset
823 ... to Py_DECREF on contained objects. ...
d332484e394a Trashcan cleanup: Now that cyclic gc is always there, the trashcan
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24121
diff changeset
824 Py_TRASHCAN_SAFE_END(p)
d332484e394a Trashcan cleanup: Now that cyclic gc is always there, the trashcan
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24121
diff changeset
825 }
11999
c94247b5c355 Christian Tismer's "trashcan" patch:
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 11891
diff changeset
826
24654
f672e1dbad92 Added info about the right way to leave the body of a trashcan-protected
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24420
diff changeset
827 CAUTION: Never return from the middle of the body! If the body needs to
f672e1dbad92 Added info about the right way to leave the body of a trashcan-protected
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24420
diff changeset
828 "get out early", put a label immediately before the Py_TRASHCAN_SAFE_END
f672e1dbad92 Added info about the right way to leave the body of a trashcan-protected
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24420
diff changeset
829 call, and goto it. Else the call-depth counter (see below) will stay
f672e1dbad92 Added info about the right way to leave the body of a trashcan-protected
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24420
diff changeset
830 above 0 forever, and the trashcan will never get emptied.
f672e1dbad92 Added info about the right way to leave the body of a trashcan-protected
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24420
diff changeset
831
24122
d332484e394a Trashcan cleanup: Now that cyclic gc is always there, the trashcan
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24121
diff changeset
832 How it works: The BEGIN macro increments a call-depth counter. So long
d332484e394a Trashcan cleanup: Now that cyclic gc is always there, the trashcan
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24121
diff changeset
833 as this counter is small, the body of the deallocator is run directly without
d332484e394a Trashcan cleanup: Now that cyclic gc is always there, the trashcan
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24121
diff changeset
834 further ado. But if the counter gets large, it instead adds p to a list of
d332484e394a Trashcan cleanup: Now that cyclic gc is always there, the trashcan
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24121
diff changeset
835 objects to be deallocated later, skips the body of the deallocator, and
d332484e394a Trashcan cleanup: Now that cyclic gc is always there, the trashcan
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24121
diff changeset
836 resumes execution after the END macro. The tp_dealloc routine then returns
d332484e394a Trashcan cleanup: Now that cyclic gc is always there, the trashcan
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24121
diff changeset
837 without deallocating anything (and so unbounded call-stack depth is avoided).
12481
a8898a172fe2 Christian Tismer -- total rewrite on trashcan code.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 12406
diff changeset
838
24122
d332484e394a Trashcan cleanup: Now that cyclic gc is always there, the trashcan
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24121
diff changeset
839 When the call stack finishes unwinding again, code generated by the END macro
d332484e394a Trashcan cleanup: Now that cyclic gc is always there, the trashcan
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24121
diff changeset
840 notices this, and calls another routine to deallocate all the objects that
d332484e394a Trashcan cleanup: Now that cyclic gc is always there, the trashcan
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24121
diff changeset
841 may have been added to the list of deferred deallocations. In effect, a
d332484e394a Trashcan cleanup: Now that cyclic gc is always there, the trashcan
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24121
diff changeset
842 chain of N deallocations is broken into N / PyTrash_UNWIND_LEVEL pieces,
d332484e394a Trashcan cleanup: Now that cyclic gc is always there, the trashcan
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24121
diff changeset
843 with the call stack never exceeding a depth of PyTrash_UNWIND_LEVEL.
11999
c94247b5c355 Christian Tismer's "trashcan" patch:
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 11891
diff changeset
844 */
c94247b5c355 Christian Tismer's "trashcan" patch:
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 11891
diff changeset
845
24420
36e2fd3f08f7 Excise DL_IMPORT/EXPORT from object.h, and related files. This patch
Mark Hammond <mhammond@skippinet.com.au>
parents: 24280
diff changeset
846 PyAPI_FUNC(void) _PyTrash_deposit_object(PyObject*);
36e2fd3f08f7 Excise DL_IMPORT/EXPORT from object.h, and related files. This patch
Mark Hammond <mhammond@skippinet.com.au>
parents: 24280
diff changeset
847 PyAPI_FUNC(void) _PyTrash_destroy_chain(void);
36e2fd3f08f7 Excise DL_IMPORT/EXPORT from object.h, and related files. This patch
Mark Hammond <mhammond@skippinet.com.au>
parents: 24280
diff changeset
848 PyAPI_DATA(int) _PyTrash_delete_nesting;
36e2fd3f08f7 Excise DL_IMPORT/EXPORT from object.h, and related files. This patch
Mark Hammond <mhammond@skippinet.com.au>
parents: 24280
diff changeset
849 PyAPI_DATA(PyObject *) _PyTrash_delete_later;
24122
d332484e394a Trashcan cleanup: Now that cyclic gc is always there, the trashcan
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24121
diff changeset
850
11999
c94247b5c355 Christian Tismer's "trashcan" patch:
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 11891
diff changeset
851 #define PyTrash_UNWIND_LEVEL 50
c94247b5c355 Christian Tismer's "trashcan" patch:
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 11891
diff changeset
852
c94247b5c355 Christian Tismer's "trashcan" patch:
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 11891
diff changeset
853 #define Py_TRASHCAN_SAFE_BEGIN(op) \
24122
d332484e394a Trashcan cleanup: Now that cyclic gc is always there, the trashcan
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24121
diff changeset
854 if (_PyTrash_delete_nesting < PyTrash_UNWIND_LEVEL) { \
d332484e394a Trashcan cleanup: Now that cyclic gc is always there, the trashcan
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24121
diff changeset
855 ++_PyTrash_delete_nesting;
d332484e394a Trashcan cleanup: Now that cyclic gc is always there, the trashcan
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24121
diff changeset
856 /* The body of the deallocator is here. */
11999
c94247b5c355 Christian Tismer's "trashcan" patch:
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 11891
diff changeset
857 #define Py_TRASHCAN_SAFE_END(op) \
c94247b5c355 Christian Tismer's "trashcan" patch:
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 11891
diff changeset
858 --_PyTrash_delete_nesting; \
c94247b5c355 Christian Tismer's "trashcan" patch:
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 11891
diff changeset
859 if (_PyTrash_delete_later && _PyTrash_delete_nesting <= 0) \
12481
a8898a172fe2 Christian Tismer -- total rewrite on trashcan code.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 12406
diff changeset
860 _PyTrash_destroy_chain(); \
11999
c94247b5c355 Christian Tismer's "trashcan" patch:
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 11891
diff changeset
861 } \
24122
d332484e394a Trashcan cleanup: Now that cyclic gc is always there, the trashcan
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24121
diff changeset
862 else \
d332484e394a Trashcan cleanup: Now that cyclic gc is always there, the trashcan
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents: 24121
diff changeset
863 _PyTrash_deposit_object((PyObject*)op);
12481
a8898a172fe2 Christian Tismer -- total rewrite on trashcan code.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 12406
diff changeset
864
1329
519c25039c6a * Added support for X11 modules.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 1324
diff changeset
865 #ifdef __cplusplus
519c25039c6a * Added support for X11 modules.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 1324
diff changeset
866 }
519c25039c6a * Added support for X11 modules.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 1324
diff changeset
867 #endif
519c25039c6a * Added support for X11 modules.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 1324
diff changeset
868 #endif /* !Py_OBJECT_H */