annotate Lib/SocketServer.py @ 17581:c1937faabb23 2.1

Added support for optional explanation parameter to the \versionadded macro. Refactored do_cmd_versionadded() and do_cmd_versionchanged() to do most of the work in a helper function, with the do_cmd_*() wrappers just supplying a portion of the replacement text.
author Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
date Wed, 18 Apr 2001 17:29:14 +0000
parents 13857fb33017
children 99ad6fd279e9
Ignore whitespace changes - Everywhere: Within whitespace: At end of lines:
rev   line source
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1 """Generic socket server classes.
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2
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3 This module tries to capture the various aspects of defining a server:
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4
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5 For socket-based servers:
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6
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7 - address family:
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8 - AF_INET: IP (Internet Protocol) sockets (default)
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9 - AF_UNIX: Unix domain sockets
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10 - others, e.g. AF_DECNET are conceivable (see <socket.h>
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11 - socket type:
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12 - SOCK_STREAM (reliable stream, e.g. TCP)
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13 - SOCK_DGRAM (datagrams, e.g. UDP)
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14
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15 For request-based servers (including socket-based):
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16
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17 - client address verification before further looking at the request
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18 (This is actually a hook for any processing that needs to look
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19 at the request before anything else, e.g. logging)
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20 - how to handle multiple requests:
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21 - synchronous (one request is handled at a time)
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22 - forking (each request is handled by a new process)
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23 - threading (each request is handled by a new thread)
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24
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25 The classes in this module favor the server type that is simplest to
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26 write: a synchronous TCP/IP server. This is bad class design, but
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27 save some typing. (There's also the issue that a deep class hierarchy
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28 slows down method lookups.)
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29
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30 There are five classes in an inheritance diagram, four of which represent
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31 synchronous servers of four types:
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32
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33 +------------+
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34 | BaseServer |
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35 +------------+
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36 |
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37 v
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38 +-----------+ +------------------+
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39 | TCPServer |------->| UnixStreamServer |
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40 +-----------+ +------------------+
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41 |
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42 v
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43 +-----------+ +--------------------+
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44 | UDPServer |------->| UnixDatagramServer |
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45 +-----------+ +--------------------+
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46
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47 Note that UnixDatagramServer derives from UDPServer, not from
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48 UnixStreamServer -- the only difference between an IP and a Unix
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49 stream server is the address family, which is simply repeated in both
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50 unix server classes.
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51
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52 Forking and threading versions of each type of server can be created
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53 using the ForkingServer and ThreadingServer mix-in classes. For
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54 instance, a threading UDP server class is created as follows:
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55
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56 class ThreadingUDPServer(ThreadingMixIn, UDPServer): pass
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57
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58 The Mix-in class must come first, since it overrides a method defined
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59 in UDPServer!
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60
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61 To implement a service, you must derive a class from
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62 BaseRequestHandler and redefine its handle() method. You can then run
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63 various versions of the service by combining one of the server classes
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64 with your request handler class.
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65
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66 The request handler class must be different for datagram or stream
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67 services. This can be hidden by using the mix-in request handler
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68 classes StreamRequestHandler or DatagramRequestHandler.
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69
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70 Of course, you still have to use your head!
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71
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72 For instance, it makes no sense to use a forking server if the service
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73 contains state in memory that can be modified by requests (since the
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74 modifications in the child process would never reach the initial state
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75 kept in the parent process and passed to each child). In this case,
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76 you can use a threading server, but you will probably have to use
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77 locks to avoid two requests that come in nearly simultaneous to apply
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78 conflicting changes to the server state.
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79
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80 On the other hand, if you are building e.g. an HTTP server, where all
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81 data is stored externally (e.g. in the file system), a synchronous
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82 class will essentially render the service "deaf" while one request is
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83 being handled -- which may be for a very long time if a client is slow
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84 to reqd all the data it has requested. Here a threading or forking
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85 server is appropriate.
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86
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87 In some cases, it may be appropriate to process part of a request
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88 synchronously, but to finish processing in a forked child depending on
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89 the request data. This can be implemented by using a synchronous
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90 server and doing an explicit fork in the request handler class
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91 handle() method.
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92
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93 Another approach to handling multiple simultaneous requests in an
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94 environment that supports neither threads nor fork (or where these are
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95 too expensive or inappropriate for the service) is to maintain an
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96 explicit table of partially finished requests and to use select() to
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97 decide which request to work on next (or whether to handle a new
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98 incoming request). This is particularly important for stream services
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99 where each client can potentially be connected for a long time (if
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100 threads or subprocesses cannot be used).
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101
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102 Future work:
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103 - Standard classes for Sun RPC (which uses either UDP or TCP)
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104 - Standard mix-in classes to implement various authentication
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105 and encryption schemes
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106 - Standard framework for select-based multiplexing
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107
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108 XXX Open problems:
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109 - What to do with out-of-band data?
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110
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111 BaseServer:
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112 - split generic "request" functionality out into BaseServer class.
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113 Copyright (C) 2000 Luke Kenneth Casson Leighton <lkcl@samba.org>
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114
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115 example: read entries from a SQL database (requires overriding
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116 get_request() to return a table entry from the database).
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117 entry is processed by a RequestHandlerClass.
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118
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119 """
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120
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121 # Author of the BaseServer patch: Luke Kenneth Casson Leighton
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123 __version__ = "0.3"
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124
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125
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126 import socket
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127 import sys
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128 import os
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129
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130 __all__ = ["TCPServer","UDPServer","ForkingUDPServer","ForkingTCPServer",
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131 "ThreadingUDPServer","ThreadingTCPServer","BaseRequestHandler",
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132 "StreamRequestHandler","DatagramRequestHandler"]
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133 if hasattr(socket, "AF_UNIX"):
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134 __all__.extend(["UnixStreamServer","UnixDatagramServer",
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135 "ThreadingUnixStreamServer",
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136 "ThreadingUnixDatagramServer"])
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137
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138 class BaseServer:
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139
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140 """Base class for server classes.
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141
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142 Methods for the caller:
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143
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144 - __init__(server_address, RequestHandlerClass)
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145 - serve_forever()
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146 - handle_request() # if you do not use serve_forever()
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147 - fileno() -> int # for select()
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148
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149 Methods that may be overridden:
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150
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151 - server_bind()
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152 - server_activate()
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153 - get_request() -> request, client_address
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154 - verify_request(request, client_address)
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155 - server_close()
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156 - process_request(request, client_address)
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157 - close_request(request)
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158 - handle_error()
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159
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160 Methods for derived classes:
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161
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162 - finish_request(request, client_address)
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163
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164 Class variables that may be overridden by derived classes or
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165 instances:
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166
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167 - address_family
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168 - socket_type
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169 - reuse_address
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170
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171 Instance variables:
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172
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173 - RequestHandlerClass
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174 - socket
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175
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176 """
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177
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178 def __init__(self, server_address, RequestHandlerClass):
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179 """Constructor. May be extended, do not override."""
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180 self.server_address = server_address
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181 self.RequestHandlerClass = RequestHandlerClass
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182
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183 def server_activate(self):
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184 """Called by constructor to activate the server.
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185
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186 May be overridden.
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187
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188 """
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189 pass
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190
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191 def serve_forever(self):
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192 """Handle one request at a time until doomsday."""
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193 while 1:
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194 self.handle_request()
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195
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196 # The distinction between handling, getting, processing and
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197 # finishing a request is fairly arbitrary. Remember:
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198 #
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199 # - handle_request() is the top-level call. It calls
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200 # get_request(), verify_request() and process_request()
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201 # - get_request() is different for stream or datagram sockets
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202 # - process_request() is the place that may fork a new process
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203 # or create a new thread to finish the request
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204 # - finish_request() instantiates the request handler class;
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205 # this constructor will handle the request all by itself
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206
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207 def handle_request(self):
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208 """Handle one request, possibly blocking."""
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209 try:
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210 request, client_address = self.get_request()
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211 except socket.error:
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212 return
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213 if self.verify_request(request, client_address):
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214 try:
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215 self.process_request(request, client_address)
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216 except:
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217 self.handle_error(request, client_address)
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218 self.close_request(request)
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219
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220 def verify_request(self, request, client_address):
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221 """Verify the request. May be overridden.
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222
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223 Return true if we should proceed with this request.
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224
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225 """
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226 return 1
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227
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228 def process_request(self, request, client_address):
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229 """Call finish_request.
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230
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231 Overridden by ForkingMixIn and ThreadingMixIn.
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232
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233 """
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234 self.finish_request(request, client_address)
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235
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236 def server_close(self):
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237 """Called to clean-up the server.
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238
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239 May be overridden.
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240
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241 """
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242 pass
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243
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244 def finish_request(self, request, client_address):
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245 """Finish one request by instantiating RequestHandlerClass."""
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246 self.RequestHandlerClass(request, client_address, self)
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247
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248 def close_request(self, request):
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249 """Called to clean up an individual request."""
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250 pass
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251
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252 def handle_error(self, request, client_address):
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253 """Handle an error gracefully. May be overridden.
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254
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255 The default is to print a traceback and continue.
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256
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257 """
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258 print '-'*40
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259 print 'Exception happened during processing of request from',
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260 print client_address
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261 import traceback
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262 traceback.print_exc() # XXX But this goes to stderr!
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263 print '-'*40
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264
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265
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266 class TCPServer(BaseServer):
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267
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268 """Base class for various socket-based server classes.
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269
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270 Defaults to synchronous IP stream (i.e., TCP).
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271
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272 Methods for the caller:
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273
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274 - __init__(server_address, RequestHandlerClass)
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275 - serve_forever()
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276 - handle_request() # if you don't use serve_forever()
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277 - fileno() -> int # for select()
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278
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279 Methods that may be overridden:
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280
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281 - server_bind()
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282 - server_activate()
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283 - get_request() -> request, client_address
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284 - verify_request(request, client_address)
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285 - process_request(request, client_address)
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286 - close_request(request)
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287 - handle_error()
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288
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289 Methods for derived classes:
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290
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291 - finish_request(request, client_address)
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292
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293 Class variables that may be overridden by derived classes or
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294 instances:
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295
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296 - address_family
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297 - socket_type
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298 - request_queue_size (only for stream sockets)
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299 - reuse_address
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300
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301 Instance variables:
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302
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303 - server_address
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304 - RequestHandlerClass
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305 - socket
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306
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307 """
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308
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309 address_family = socket.AF_INET
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310
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311 socket_type = socket.SOCK_STREAM
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312
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313 request_queue_size = 5
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314
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315 allow_reuse_address = 0
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316
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317 def __init__(self, server_address, RequestHandlerClass):
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318 """Constructor. May be extended, do not override."""
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319 BaseServer.__init__(self, server_address, RequestHandlerClass)
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320 self.socket = socket.socket(self.address_family,
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321 self.socket_type)
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322 self.server_bind()
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323 self.server_activate()
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324
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325 def server_bind(self):
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326 """Called by constructor to bind the socket.
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327
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328 May be overridden.
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329
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330 """
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331 if self.allow_reuse_address:
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332 self.socket.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)
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333 self.socket.bind(self.server_address)
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334
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335 def server_activate(self):
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336 """Called by constructor to activate the server.
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337
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338 May be overridden.
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339
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340 """
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341 self.socket.listen(self.request_queue_size)
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342
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343 def server_close(self):
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344 """Called to clean-up the server.
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345
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346 May be overridden.
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347
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348 """
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349 self.socket.close()
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350
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351 def fileno(self):
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352 """Return socket file number.
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353
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354 Interface required by select().
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355
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356 """
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357 return self.socket.fileno()
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358
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359 def get_request(self):
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360 """Get the request and client address from the socket.
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361
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362 May be overridden.
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363
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364 """
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365 return self.socket.accept()
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366
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367 def close_request(self, request):
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368 """Called to clean up an individual request."""
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369 request.close()
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370
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371
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372 class UDPServer(TCPServer):
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373
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374 """UDP server class."""
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375
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376 allow_reuse_address = 0
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377
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378 socket_type = socket.SOCK_DGRAM
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379
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380 max_packet_size = 8192
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381
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382 def get_request(self):
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383 data, client_addr = self.socket.recvfrom(self.max_packet_size)
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384 return (data, self.socket), client_addr
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385
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386 def server_activate(self):
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387 # No need to call listen() for UDP.
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388 pass
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389
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390 def close_request(self, request):
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391 # No need to close anything.
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392 pass
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393
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394 class ForkingMixIn:
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395
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396 """Mix-in class to handle each request in a new process."""
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397
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398 active_children = None
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399 max_children = 40
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400
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401 def collect_children(self):
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402 """Internal routine to wait for died children."""
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403 while self.active_children:
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404 if len(self.active_children) < self.max_children:
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405 options = os.WNOHANG
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406 else:
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407 # If the maximum number of children are already
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408 # running, block while waiting for a child to exit
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409 options = 0
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410 try:
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411 pid, status = os.waitpid(0, options)
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412 except os.error:
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413 pid = None
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414 if not pid: break
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415 self.active_children.remove(pid)
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416
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417 def process_request(self, request, client_address):
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418 """Fork a new subprocess to process the request."""
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419 self.collect_children()
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420 pid = os.fork()
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421 if pid:
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422 # Parent process
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423 if self.active_children is None:
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424 self.active_children = []
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425 self.active_children.append(pid)
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426 return
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427 else:
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428 # Child process.
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429 # This must never return, hence os._exit()!
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430 try:
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431 self.server_close()
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432 self.finish_request(request, client_address)
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433 os._exit(0)
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434 except:
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435 try:
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436 self.handle_error(request,
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437 client_address)
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438 finally:
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439 os._exit(1)
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440
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441
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442 class ThreadingMixIn:
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443 """Mix-in class to handle each request in a new thread."""
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444
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445 def process_request(self, request, client_address):
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446 """Start a new thread to process the request."""
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447 import threading
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448 t = threading.Thread(target = self.finish_request,
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449 args = (request, client_address))
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450 t.start()
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451
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452
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453 class ForkingUDPServer(ForkingMixIn, UDPServer): pass
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454 class ForkingTCPServer(ForkingMixIn, TCPServer): pass
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455
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456 class ThreadingUDPServer(ThreadingMixIn, UDPServer): pass
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457 class ThreadingTCPServer(ThreadingMixIn, TCPServer): pass
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458
9544
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459 if hasattr(socket, 'AF_UNIX'):
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460
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461 class UnixStreamServer(TCPServer):
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462 address_family = socket.AF_UNIX
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463
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464 class UnixDatagramServer(UDPServer):
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465 address_family = socket.AF_UNIX
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466
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467 class ThreadingUnixStreamServer(ThreadingMixIn, UnixStreamServer): pass
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468
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469 class ThreadingUnixDatagramServer(ThreadingMixIn, UnixDatagramServer): pass
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470
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471 class BaseRequestHandler:
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472
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473 """Base class for request handler classes.
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474
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475 This class is instantiated for each request to be handled. The
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476 constructor sets the instance variables request, client_address
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477 and server, and then calls the handle() method. To implement a
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478 specific service, all you need to do is to derive a class which
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479 defines a handle() method.
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480
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481 The handle() method can find the request as self.request, the
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6e6be896ec46 Fix typo in docstring: client_request should be client_address.
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482 client address as self.client_address, and the server (in case it
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483 needs access to per-server information) as self.server. Since a
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484 separate instance is created for each request, the handle() method
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485 can define arbitrary other instance variariables.
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486
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487 """
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488
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489 def __init__(self, request, client_address, server):
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490 self.request = request
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491 self.client_address = client_address
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492 self.server = server
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Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
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493 try:
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494 self.setup()
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495 self.handle()
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496 self.finish()
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497 finally:
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498 sys.exc_traceback = None # Help garbage collection
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499
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500 def setup(self):
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501 pass
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502
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parents:
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503 def __del__(self):
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504 pass
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505
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506 def handle(self):
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507 pass
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Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
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508
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509 def finish(self):
7755
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Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 6346
diff changeset
510 pass
2887
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parents:
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511
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Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
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512
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513 # The following two classes make it possible to use the same service
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514 # class for stream or datagram servers.
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515 # Each class sets up these instance variables:
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Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
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516 # - rfile: a file object from which receives the request is read
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parents:
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517 # - wfile: a file object to which the reply is written
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parents:
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518 # When the handle() method returns, wfile is flushed properly
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parents:
diff changeset
519
ec0b42889243 Initial revision
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
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520
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Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
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521 class StreamRequestHandler(BaseRequestHandler):
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522
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523 """Define self.rfile and self.wfile for stream sockets."""
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Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
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524
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Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 12633
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525 # Default buffer sizes for rfile, wfile.
cbe423b3ba3a In class StreamRequestHandler, make the default buffering for rfile
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 12633
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526 # We default rfile to buffered because otherwise it could be
cbe423b3ba3a In class StreamRequestHandler, make the default buffering for rfile
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
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527 # really slow for large data (a getc() call per byte); we make
cbe423b3ba3a In class StreamRequestHandler, make the default buffering for rfile
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
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528 # wfile unbuffered because (a) often after a write() we want to
cbe423b3ba3a In class StreamRequestHandler, make the default buffering for rfile
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 12633
diff changeset
529 # read and we need to flush the line; (b) big writes to unbuffered
cbe423b3ba3a In class StreamRequestHandler, make the default buffering for rfile
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 12633
diff changeset
530 # files are typically optimized by stdio even when big reads
cbe423b3ba3a In class StreamRequestHandler, make the default buffering for rfile
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 12633
diff changeset
531 # aren't.
cbe423b3ba3a In class StreamRequestHandler, make the default buffering for rfile
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 12633
diff changeset
532 rbufsize = -1
cbe423b3ba3a In class StreamRequestHandler, make the default buffering for rfile
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 12633
diff changeset
533 wbufsize = 0
cbe423b3ba3a In class StreamRequestHandler, make the default buffering for rfile
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 12633
diff changeset
534
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535 def setup(self):
7755
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parents: 6346
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536 self.connection = self.request
14331
cbe423b3ba3a In class StreamRequestHandler, make the default buffering for rfile
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 12633
diff changeset
537 self.rfile = self.connection.makefile('rb', self.rbufsize)
cbe423b3ba3a In class StreamRequestHandler, make the default buffering for rfile
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 12633
diff changeset
538 self.wfile = self.connection.makefile('wb', self.wbufsize)
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Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
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539
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Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
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540 def finish(self):
7755
fb4b4d069cc7 Mass check-in after untabifying all files that need it.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 6346
diff changeset
541 self.wfile.flush()
7840
aaa204a05f84 Explicitly close rfile and wfile in StreamRequestHandler.finish() --
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 7755
diff changeset
542 self.wfile.close()
aaa204a05f84 Explicitly close rfile and wfile in StreamRequestHandler.finish() --
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 7755
diff changeset
543 self.rfile.close()
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parents:
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544
ec0b42889243 Initial revision
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
545
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Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
546 class DatagramRequestHandler(BaseRequestHandler):
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parents:
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547
ec0b42889243 Initial revision
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
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548 """Define self.rfile and self.wfile for datagram sockets."""
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Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
549
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parents:
diff changeset
550 def setup(self):
7755
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Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 6346
diff changeset
551 import StringIO
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Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 6346
diff changeset
552 self.packet, self.socket = self.request
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Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 6346
diff changeset
553 self.rfile = StringIO.StringIO(self.packet)
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Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 6346
diff changeset
554 self.wfile = StringIO.StringIO(self.packet)
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Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
555
ec0b42889243 Initial revision
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parents:
diff changeset
556 def finish(self):
8510
de0f0c3ed424 Fixed the UDP server -- this never worked. Ray Loyzaga deserves
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 7840
diff changeset
557 self.socket.sendto(self.wfile.getvalue(), self.client_address)