Mercurial > cpython-lru_cache-weakref
annotate Lib/SocketServer.py @ 17581:c1937faabb23 2.1
Added support for optional explanation parameter to the \versionadded
macro.
Refactored do_cmd_versionadded() and do_cmd_versionchanged() to do most
of the work in a helper function, with the do_cmd_*() wrappers just supplying
a portion of the replacement text.
| author | Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> |
|---|---|
| date | Wed, 18 Apr 2001 17:29:14 +0000 |
| parents | 13857fb33017 |
| children | 99ad6fd279e9 |
| rev | line source |
|---|---|
| 2887 | 1 """Generic socket server classes. |
| 2 | |
| 3 This module tries to capture the various aspects of defining a server: | |
| 4 | |
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5 For socket-based servers: |
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6 |
| 2887 | 7 - address family: |
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8 - AF_INET: IP (Internet Protocol) sockets (default) |
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9 - AF_UNIX: Unix domain sockets |
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10 - others, e.g. AF_DECNET are conceivable (see <socket.h> |
| 2887 | 11 - socket type: |
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12 - SOCK_STREAM (reliable stream, e.g. TCP) |
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13 - SOCK_DGRAM (datagrams, e.g. UDP) |
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14 |
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15 For request-based servers (including socket-based): |
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16 |
| 2887 | 17 - client address verification before further looking at the request |
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18 (This is actually a hook for any processing that needs to look |
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19 at the request before anything else, e.g. logging) |
| 2887 | 20 - how to handle multiple requests: |
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21 - synchronous (one request is handled at a time) |
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22 - forking (each request is handled by a new process) |
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23 - threading (each request is handled by a new thread) |
| 2887 | 24 |
| 25 The classes in this module favor the server type that is simplest to | |
| 26 write: a synchronous TCP/IP server. This is bad class design, but | |
| 27 save some typing. (There's also the issue that a deep class hierarchy | |
| 28 slows down method lookups.) | |
| 29 | |
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30 There are five classes in an inheritance diagram, four of which represent |
| 2887 | 31 synchronous servers of four types: |
| 32 | |
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33 +------------+ |
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34 | BaseServer | |
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35 +------------+ |
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36 | |
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37 v |
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38 +-----------+ +------------------+ |
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39 | TCPServer |------->| UnixStreamServer | |
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40 +-----------+ +------------------+ |
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41 | |
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42 v |
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43 +-----------+ +--------------------+ |
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44 | UDPServer |------->| UnixDatagramServer | |
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45 +-----------+ +--------------------+ |
| 2887 | 46 |
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47 Note that UnixDatagramServer derives from UDPServer, not from |
| 2887 | 48 UnixStreamServer -- the only difference between an IP and a Unix |
| 49 stream server is the address family, which is simply repeated in both | |
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50 unix server classes. |
| 2887 | 51 |
| 52 Forking and threading versions of each type of server can be created | |
| 53 using the ForkingServer and ThreadingServer mix-in classes. For | |
| 54 instance, a threading UDP server class is created as follows: | |
| 55 | |
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56 class ThreadingUDPServer(ThreadingMixIn, UDPServer): pass |
| 2887 | 57 |
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58 The Mix-in class must come first, since it overrides a method defined |
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59 in UDPServer! |
| 2887 | 60 |
| 61 To implement a service, you must derive a class from | |
| 62 BaseRequestHandler and redefine its handle() method. You can then run | |
| 63 various versions of the service by combining one of the server classes | |
| 64 with your request handler class. | |
| 65 | |
| 66 The request handler class must be different for datagram or stream | |
| 67 services. This can be hidden by using the mix-in request handler | |
| 68 classes StreamRequestHandler or DatagramRequestHandler. | |
| 69 | |
| 70 Of course, you still have to use your head! | |
| 71 | |
| 72 For instance, it makes no sense to use a forking server if the service | |
| 73 contains state in memory that can be modified by requests (since the | |
| 74 modifications in the child process would never reach the initial state | |
| 75 kept in the parent process and passed to each child). In this case, | |
| 76 you can use a threading server, but you will probably have to use | |
| 77 locks to avoid two requests that come in nearly simultaneous to apply | |
| 78 conflicting changes to the server state. | |
| 79 | |
| 80 On the other hand, if you are building e.g. an HTTP server, where all | |
| 81 data is stored externally (e.g. in the file system), a synchronous | |
| 82 class will essentially render the service "deaf" while one request is | |
| 83 being handled -- which may be for a very long time if a client is slow | |
| 84 to reqd all the data it has requested. Here a threading or forking | |
| 85 server is appropriate. | |
| 86 | |
| 87 In some cases, it may be appropriate to process part of a request | |
| 88 synchronously, but to finish processing in a forked child depending on | |
| 89 the request data. This can be implemented by using a synchronous | |
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90 server and doing an explicit fork in the request handler class |
| 2887 | 91 handle() method. |
| 92 | |
| 93 Another approach to handling multiple simultaneous requests in an | |
| 94 environment that supports neither threads nor fork (or where these are | |
| 95 too expensive or inappropriate for the service) is to maintain an | |
| 96 explicit table of partially finished requests and to use select() to | |
| 97 decide which request to work on next (or whether to handle a new | |
| 98 incoming request). This is particularly important for stream services | |
| 99 where each client can potentially be connected for a long time (if | |
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100 threads or subprocesses cannot be used). |
| 2887 | 101 |
| 102 Future work: | |
| 103 - Standard classes for Sun RPC (which uses either UDP or TCP) | |
| 104 - Standard mix-in classes to implement various authentication | |
| 105 and encryption schemes | |
| 106 - Standard framework for select-based multiplexing | |
| 107 | |
| 108 XXX Open problems: | |
| 109 - What to do with out-of-band data? | |
| 110 | |
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111 BaseServer: |
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112 - split generic "request" functionality out into BaseServer class. |
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113 Copyright (C) 2000 Luke Kenneth Casson Leighton <lkcl@samba.org> |
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114 |
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115 example: read entries from a SQL database (requires overriding |
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116 get_request() to return a table entry from the database). |
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117 entry is processed by a RequestHandlerClass. |
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118 |
| 2887 | 119 """ |
| 120 | |
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121 # Author of the BaseServer patch: Luke Kenneth Casson Leighton |
| 2887 | 122 |
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123 __version__ = "0.3" |
| 2887 | 124 |
| 125 | |
| 126 import socket | |
| 127 import sys | |
| 128 import os | |
| 129 | |
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130 __all__ = ["TCPServer","UDPServer","ForkingUDPServer","ForkingTCPServer", |
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131 "ThreadingUDPServer","ThreadingTCPServer","BaseRequestHandler", |
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132 "StreamRequestHandler","DatagramRequestHandler"] |
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133 if hasattr(socket, "AF_UNIX"): |
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134 __all__.extend(["UnixStreamServer","UnixDatagramServer", |
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135 "ThreadingUnixStreamServer", |
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136 "ThreadingUnixDatagramServer"]) |
| 2887 | 137 |
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138 class BaseServer: |
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139 |
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140 """Base class for server classes. |
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141 |
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142 Methods for the caller: |
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143 |
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144 - __init__(server_address, RequestHandlerClass) |
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145 - serve_forever() |
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146 - handle_request() # if you do not use serve_forever() |
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147 - fileno() -> int # for select() |
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148 |
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149 Methods that may be overridden: |
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150 |
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151 - server_bind() |
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152 - server_activate() |
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153 - get_request() -> request, client_address |
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154 - verify_request(request, client_address) |
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155 - server_close() |
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156 - process_request(request, client_address) |
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157 - close_request(request) |
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158 - handle_error() |
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159 |
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160 Methods for derived classes: |
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161 |
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162 - finish_request(request, client_address) |
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163 |
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164 Class variables that may be overridden by derived classes or |
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165 instances: |
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166 |
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167 - address_family |
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168 - socket_type |
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169 - reuse_address |
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170 |
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171 Instance variables: |
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172 |
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173 - RequestHandlerClass |
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174 - socket |
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175 |
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176 """ |
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177 |
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178 def __init__(self, server_address, RequestHandlerClass): |
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179 """Constructor. May be extended, do not override.""" |
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180 self.server_address = server_address |
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181 self.RequestHandlerClass = RequestHandlerClass |
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182 |
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183 def server_activate(self): |
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184 """Called by constructor to activate the server. |
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185 |
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186 May be overridden. |
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187 |
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188 """ |
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189 pass |
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190 |
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191 def serve_forever(self): |
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192 """Handle one request at a time until doomsday.""" |
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193 while 1: |
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194 self.handle_request() |
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195 |
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196 # The distinction between handling, getting, processing and |
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197 # finishing a request is fairly arbitrary. Remember: |
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198 # |
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199 # - handle_request() is the top-level call. It calls |
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200 # get_request(), verify_request() and process_request() |
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201 # - get_request() is different for stream or datagram sockets |
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202 # - process_request() is the place that may fork a new process |
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203 # or create a new thread to finish the request |
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204 # - finish_request() instantiates the request handler class; |
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205 # this constructor will handle the request all by itself |
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206 |
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207 def handle_request(self): |
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208 """Handle one request, possibly blocking.""" |
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209 try: |
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210 request, client_address = self.get_request() |
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211 except socket.error: |
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212 return |
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213 if self.verify_request(request, client_address): |
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214 try: |
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215 self.process_request(request, client_address) |
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216 except: |
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217 self.handle_error(request, client_address) |
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218 self.close_request(request) |
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219 |
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220 def verify_request(self, request, client_address): |
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221 """Verify the request. May be overridden. |
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222 |
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223 Return true if we should proceed with this request. |
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224 |
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225 """ |
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226 return 1 |
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227 |
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228 def process_request(self, request, client_address): |
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229 """Call finish_request. |
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230 |
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231 Overridden by ForkingMixIn and ThreadingMixIn. |
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232 |
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233 """ |
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234 self.finish_request(request, client_address) |
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235 |
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236 def server_close(self): |
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237 """Called to clean-up the server. |
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238 |
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239 May be overridden. |
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240 |
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241 """ |
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242 pass |
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243 |
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244 def finish_request(self, request, client_address): |
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245 """Finish one request by instantiating RequestHandlerClass.""" |
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246 self.RequestHandlerClass(request, client_address, self) |
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247 |
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248 def close_request(self, request): |
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249 """Called to clean up an individual request.""" |
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250 pass |
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251 |
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252 def handle_error(self, request, client_address): |
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253 """Handle an error gracefully. May be overridden. |
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254 |
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255 The default is to print a traceback and continue. |
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256 |
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257 """ |
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258 print '-'*40 |
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259 print 'Exception happened during processing of request from', |
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260 print client_address |
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261 import traceback |
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262 traceback.print_exc() # XXX But this goes to stderr! |
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263 print '-'*40 |
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264 |
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265 |
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266 class TCPServer(BaseServer): |
| 2887 | 267 |
| 268 """Base class for various socket-based server classes. | |
| 269 | |
| 270 Defaults to synchronous IP stream (i.e., TCP). | |
| 271 | |
| 272 Methods for the caller: | |
| 273 | |
| 274 - __init__(server_address, RequestHandlerClass) | |
| 275 - serve_forever() | |
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276 - handle_request() # if you don't use serve_forever() |
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277 - fileno() -> int # for select() |
| 2887 | 278 |
| 279 Methods that may be overridden: | |
| 280 | |
| 281 - server_bind() | |
| 282 - server_activate() | |
| 283 - get_request() -> request, client_address | |
| 284 - verify_request(request, client_address) | |
| 285 - process_request(request, client_address) | |
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286 - close_request(request) |
| 2887 | 287 - handle_error() |
| 288 | |
| 289 Methods for derived classes: | |
| 290 | |
| 291 - finish_request(request, client_address) | |
| 292 | |
| 293 Class variables that may be overridden by derived classes or | |
| 294 instances: | |
| 295 | |
| 296 - address_family | |
| 297 - socket_type | |
| 298 - request_queue_size (only for stream sockets) | |
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299 - reuse_address |
| 2887 | 300 |
| 301 Instance variables: | |
| 302 | |
| 303 - server_address | |
| 304 - RequestHandlerClass | |
| 305 - socket | |
| 306 | |
| 307 """ | |
| 308 | |
| 309 address_family = socket.AF_INET | |
| 310 | |
| 311 socket_type = socket.SOCK_STREAM | |
| 312 | |
| 313 request_queue_size = 5 | |
| 314 | |
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315 allow_reuse_address = 0 |
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316 |
| 2887 | 317 def __init__(self, server_address, RequestHandlerClass): |
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318 """Constructor. May be extended, do not override.""" |
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319 BaseServer.__init__(self, server_address, RequestHandlerClass) |
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320 self.socket = socket.socket(self.address_family, |
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321 self.socket_type) |
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322 self.server_bind() |
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323 self.server_activate() |
| 2887 | 324 |
| 325 def server_bind(self): | |
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326 """Called by constructor to bind the socket. |
| 2887 | 327 |
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328 May be overridden. |
| 2887 | 329 |
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330 """ |
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331 if self.allow_reuse_address: |
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332 self.socket.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1) |
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333 self.socket.bind(self.server_address) |
| 2887 | 334 |
| 335 def server_activate(self): | |
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336 """Called by constructor to activate the server. |
| 2887 | 337 |
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338 May be overridden. |
| 2887 | 339 |
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340 """ |
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341 self.socket.listen(self.request_queue_size) |
| 2887 | 342 |
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343 def server_close(self): |
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344 """Called to clean-up the server. |
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345 |
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346 May be overridden. |
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347 |
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348 """ |
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349 self.socket.close() |
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350 |
| 2887 | 351 def fileno(self): |
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352 """Return socket file number. |
| 2887 | 353 |
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354 Interface required by select(). |
| 2887 | 355 |
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356 """ |
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357 return self.socket.fileno() |
| 2887 | 358 |
| 359 def get_request(self): | |
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360 """Get the request and client address from the socket. |
| 2887 | 361 |
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362 May be overridden. |
| 2887 | 363 |
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364 """ |
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365 return self.socket.accept() |
| 2887 | 366 |
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367 def close_request(self, request): |
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368 """Called to clean up an individual request.""" |
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369 request.close() |
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370 |
| 2887 | 371 |
| 372 class UDPServer(TCPServer): | |
| 373 | |
| 374 """UDP server class.""" | |
| 375 | |
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376 allow_reuse_address = 0 |
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377 |
| 2887 | 378 socket_type = socket.SOCK_DGRAM |
| 379 | |
| 380 max_packet_size = 8192 | |
| 381 | |
| 382 def get_request(self): | |
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383 data, client_addr = self.socket.recvfrom(self.max_packet_size) |
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384 return (data, self.socket), client_addr |
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385 |
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386 def server_activate(self): |
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387 # No need to call listen() for UDP. |
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388 pass |
| 2887 | 389 |
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390 def close_request(self, request): |
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391 # No need to close anything. |
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392 pass |
| 2887 | 393 |
| 394 class ForkingMixIn: | |
| 395 | |
| 396 """Mix-in class to handle each request in a new process.""" | |
| 397 | |
| 398 active_children = None | |
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399 max_children = 40 |
| 2887 | 400 |
| 401 def collect_children(self): | |
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402 """Internal routine to wait for died children.""" |
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403 while self.active_children: |
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404 if len(self.active_children) < self.max_children: |
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405 options = os.WNOHANG |
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406 else: |
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407 # If the maximum number of children are already |
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408 # running, block while waiting for a child to exit |
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409 options = 0 |
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410 try: |
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411 pid, status = os.waitpid(0, options) |
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412 except os.error: |
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413 pid = None |
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414 if not pid: break |
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415 self.active_children.remove(pid) |
| 2887 | 416 |
| 417 def process_request(self, request, client_address): | |
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418 """Fork a new subprocess to process the request.""" |
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419 self.collect_children() |
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420 pid = os.fork() |
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421 if pid: |
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422 # Parent process |
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423 if self.active_children is None: |
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424 self.active_children = [] |
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425 self.active_children.append(pid) |
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426 return |
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427 else: |
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428 # Child process. |
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429 # This must never return, hence os._exit()! |
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430 try: |
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431 self.server_close() |
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432 self.finish_request(request, client_address) |
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433 os._exit(0) |
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434 except: |
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435 try: |
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436 self.handle_error(request, |
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437 client_address) |
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438 finally: |
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439 os._exit(1) |
| 2887 | 440 |
| 441 | |
| 442 class ThreadingMixIn: | |
| 443 """Mix-in class to handle each request in a new thread.""" | |
| 444 | |
| 445 def process_request(self, request, client_address): | |
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446 """Start a new thread to process the request.""" |
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447 import threading |
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448 t = threading.Thread(target = self.finish_request, |
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449 args = (request, client_address)) |
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450 t.start() |
| 2887 | 451 |
| 452 | |
| 453 class ForkingUDPServer(ForkingMixIn, UDPServer): pass | |
| 454 class ForkingTCPServer(ForkingMixIn, TCPServer): pass | |
| 455 | |
| 456 class ThreadingUDPServer(ThreadingMixIn, UDPServer): pass | |
| 457 class ThreadingTCPServer(ThreadingMixIn, TCPServer): pass | |
| 458 | |
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459 if hasattr(socket, 'AF_UNIX'): |
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460 |
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461 class UnixStreamServer(TCPServer): |
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462 address_family = socket.AF_UNIX |
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463 |
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464 class UnixDatagramServer(UDPServer): |
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465 address_family = socket.AF_UNIX |
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466 |
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467 class ThreadingUnixStreamServer(ThreadingMixIn, UnixStreamServer): pass |
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468 |
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469 class ThreadingUnixDatagramServer(ThreadingMixIn, UnixDatagramServer): pass |
| 2887 | 470 |
| 471 class BaseRequestHandler: | |
| 472 | |
| 473 """Base class for request handler classes. | |
| 474 | |
| 475 This class is instantiated for each request to be handled. The | |
| 476 constructor sets the instance variables request, client_address | |
| 477 and server, and then calls the handle() method. To implement a | |
| 478 specific service, all you need to do is to derive a class which | |
| 479 defines a handle() method. | |
| 480 | |
| 481 The handle() method can find the request as self.request, the | |
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482 client address as self.client_address, and the server (in case it |
| 2887 | 483 needs access to per-server information) as self.server. Since a |
| 484 separate instance is created for each request, the handle() method | |
| 485 can define arbitrary other instance variariables. | |
| 486 | |
| 487 """ | |
| 488 | |
| 489 def __init__(self, request, client_address, server): | |
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490 self.request = request |
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491 self.client_address = client_address |
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492 self.server = server |
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493 try: |
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494 self.setup() |
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495 self.handle() |
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496 self.finish() |
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497 finally: |
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498 sys.exc_traceback = None # Help garbage collection |
| 2887 | 499 |
| 500 def setup(self): | |
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501 pass |
| 2887 | 502 |
| 503 def __del__(self): | |
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504 pass |
| 2887 | 505 |
| 506 def handle(self): | |
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507 pass |
| 2887 | 508 |
| 509 def finish(self): | |
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510 pass |
| 2887 | 511 |
| 512 | |
| 513 # The following two classes make it possible to use the same service | |
| 514 # class for stream or datagram servers. | |
| 515 # Each class sets up these instance variables: | |
| 516 # - rfile: a file object from which receives the request is read | |
| 517 # - wfile: a file object to which the reply is written | |
| 518 # When the handle() method returns, wfile is flushed properly | |
| 519 | |
| 520 | |
| 521 class StreamRequestHandler(BaseRequestHandler): | |
| 522 | |
| 523 """Define self.rfile and self.wfile for stream sockets.""" | |
| 524 | |
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525 # Default buffer sizes for rfile, wfile. |
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526 # We default rfile to buffered because otherwise it could be |
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527 # really slow for large data (a getc() call per byte); we make |
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528 # wfile unbuffered because (a) often after a write() we want to |
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529 # read and we need to flush the line; (b) big writes to unbuffered |
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530 # files are typically optimized by stdio even when big reads |
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531 # aren't. |
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532 rbufsize = -1 |
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533 wbufsize = 0 |
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534 |
| 2887 | 535 def setup(self): |
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536 self.connection = self.request |
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537 self.rfile = self.connection.makefile('rb', self.rbufsize) |
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538 self.wfile = self.connection.makefile('wb', self.wbufsize) |
| 2887 | 539 |
| 540 def finish(self): | |
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541 self.wfile.flush() |
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542 self.wfile.close() |
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543 self.rfile.close() |
| 2887 | 544 |
| 545 | |
| 546 class DatagramRequestHandler(BaseRequestHandler): | |
| 547 | |
| 548 """Define self.rfile and self.wfile for datagram sockets.""" | |
| 549 | |
| 550 def setup(self): | |
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551 import StringIO |
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552 self.packet, self.socket = self.request |
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553 self.rfile = StringIO.StringIO(self.packet) |
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554 self.wfile = StringIO.StringIO(self.packet) |
| 2887 | 555 |
| 556 def finish(self): | |
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557 self.socket.sendto(self.wfile.getvalue(), self.client_address) |
