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annotate Include/objimpl.h @ 22404:cecda4ecc090 legacy-trunk

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Record 2.2.1c1 release date.
author Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
date Tue, 19 Mar 2002 02:12:10 +0000
parents 984eb995fb9e
children 72fd8416984b
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1
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2 #ifndef Py_OBJIMPL_H
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3 #define Py_OBJIMPL_H
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4
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5 #include "pymem.h"
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6
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7 #ifdef __cplusplus
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8 extern "C" {
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9 #endif
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10
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11 /*
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12 Functions and macros for modules that implement new object types.
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13 You must first include "object.h".
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14
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15 - PyObject_New(type, typeobj) allocates memory for a new object of
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16 the given type; here 'type' must be the C structure type used to
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17 represent the object and 'typeobj' the address of the corresponding
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18 type object. Reference count and type pointer are filled in; the
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19 rest of the bytes of the object are *undefined*! The resulting
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20 expression type is 'type *'. The size of the object is actually
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21 determined by the tp_basicsize field of the type object.
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22
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23 - PyObject_NewVar(type, typeobj, n) is similar but allocates a
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24 variable-size object with n extra items. The size is computed as
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25 tp_basicsize plus n * tp_itemsize. This fills in the ob_size field
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26 as well.
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27
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28 - PyObject_Del(op) releases the memory allocated for an object.
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29
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30 - PyObject_Init(op, typeobj) and PyObject_InitVar(op, typeobj, n) are
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31 similar to PyObject_{New, NewVar} except that they don't allocate
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32 the memory needed for an object. Instead of the 'type' parameter,
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33 they accept the pointer of a new object (allocated by an arbitrary
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34 allocator) and initialize its object header fields.
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35
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36 Note that objects created with PyObject_{New, NewVar} are allocated
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37 within the Python heap by an object allocator, the latter being
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38 implemented (by default) on top of the Python raw memory
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39 allocator. This ensures that Python keeps control on the user's
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40 objects regarding their memory management; for instance, they may be
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41 subject to automatic garbage collection.
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42
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43 In case a specific form of memory management is needed, implying that
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44 the objects would not reside in the Python heap (for example standard
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45 malloc heap(s) are mandatory, use of shared memory, C++ local storage
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46 or operator new), you must first allocate the object with your custom
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47 allocator, then pass its pointer to PyObject_{Init, InitVar} for
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48 filling in its Python-specific fields: reference count, type pointer,
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49 possibly others. You should be aware that Python has very limited
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50 control over these objects because they don't cooperate with the
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51 Python memory manager. Such objects may not be eligible for automatic
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52 garbage collection and you have to make sure that they are released
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53 accordingly whenever their destructor gets called (cf. the specific
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54 form of memory management you're using).
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55
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56 Unless you have specific memory management requirements, it is
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57 recommended to use PyObject_{New, NewVar, Del}. */
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58
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59 /*
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60 * Raw object memory interface
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61 * ===========================
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62 */
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63
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64 /* The use of this API should be avoided, unless a builtin object
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65 constructor inlines PyObject_{New, NewVar}, either because the
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66 latter functions cannot allocate the exact amount of needed memory,
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67 either for speed. This situation is exceptional, but occurs for
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68 some object constructors (PyBuffer_New, PyList_New...). Inlining
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69 PyObject_{New, NewVar} for objects that are supposed to belong to
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70 the Python heap is discouraged. If you really have to, make sure
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71 the object is initialized with PyObject_{Init, InitVar}. Do *not*
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72 inline PyObject_{Init, InitVar} for user-extension types or you
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73 might seriously interfere with Python's memory management. */
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74
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75 /* Functions */
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76
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77 /* Wrappers that useful if you need to be sure that you are using the
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78 same object memory allocator as Python. These wrappers *do not* make
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79 sure that allocating 0 bytes returns a non-NULL pointer. Returned
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80 pointers must be checked for NULL explicitly; no action is performed
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81 on failure. */
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82 extern DL_IMPORT(void *) PyObject_Malloc(size_t);
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83 extern DL_IMPORT(void *) PyObject_Realloc(void *, size_t);
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84 extern DL_IMPORT(void) PyObject_Free(void *);
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85
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86 /* Macros */
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87 #define PyObject_MALLOC(n) _PyMalloc_MALLOC(n)
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88 #define PyObject_REALLOC(op, n) _PyMalloc_REALLOC((void *)(op), (n))
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89 #define PyObject_FREE(op) _PyMalloc_FREE((void *)(op))
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90
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91 /*
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92 * Generic object allocator interface
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93 * ==================================
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94 */
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95
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96 /* Functions */
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97 extern DL_IMPORT(PyObject *) PyObject_Init(PyObject *, PyTypeObject *);
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98 extern DL_IMPORT(PyVarObject *) PyObject_InitVar(PyVarObject *,
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99 PyTypeObject *, int);
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100 extern DL_IMPORT(PyObject *) _PyObject_New(PyTypeObject *);
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101 extern DL_IMPORT(PyVarObject *) _PyObject_NewVar(PyTypeObject *, int);
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102 extern DL_IMPORT(void) _PyObject_Del(PyObject *);
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103
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104 #define PyObject_New(type, typeobj) \
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105 ( (type *) _PyObject_New(typeobj) )
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106 #define PyObject_NewVar(type, typeobj, n) \
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107 ( (type *) _PyObject_NewVar((typeobj), (n)) )
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108 #define PyObject_Del(op) _PyObject_Del((PyObject *)(op))
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109
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110 /* Macros trading binary compatibility for speed. See also pymem.h.
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111 Note that these macros expect non-NULL object pointers.*/
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112 #define PyObject_INIT(op, typeobj) \
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113 ( (op)->ob_type = (typeobj), _Py_NewReference((PyObject *)(op)), (op) )
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114 #define PyObject_INIT_VAR(op, typeobj, size) \
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115 ( (op)->ob_size = (size), PyObject_INIT((op), (typeobj)) )
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116
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117 #define _PyObject_SIZE(typeobj) ( (typeobj)->tp_basicsize )
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118
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119 /* _PyObject_VAR_SIZE returns the number of bytes (as size_t) allocated for a
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120 vrbl-size object with nitems items, exclusive of gc overhead (if any). The
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121 value is rounded up to the closest multiple of sizeof(void *), in order to
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122 ensure that pointer fields at the end of the object are correctly aligned
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123 for the platform (this is of special importance for subclasses of, e.g.,
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124 str or long, so that pointers can be stored after the embedded data).
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125
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126 Note that there's no memory wastage in doing this, as malloc has to
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127 return (at worst) pointer-aligned memory anyway.
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128 */
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129 #if ((SIZEOF_VOID_P - 1) & SIZEOF_VOID_P) != 0
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130 # error "_PyObject_VAR_SIZE requires SIZEOF_VOID_P be a power of 2"
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131 #endif
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132
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133 #define _PyObject_VAR_SIZE(typeobj, nitems) \
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134 (size_t) \
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135 ( ( (typeobj)->tp_basicsize + \
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136 (nitems)*(typeobj)->tp_itemsize + \
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137 (SIZEOF_VOID_P - 1) \
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138 ) & ~(SIZEOF_VOID_P - 1) \
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139 )
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140
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141 #define PyObject_NEW(type, typeobj) \
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142 ( (type *) PyObject_Init( \
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143 (PyObject *) PyObject_MALLOC( _PyObject_SIZE(typeobj) ), (typeobj)) )
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144
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145 #define PyObject_NEW_VAR(type, typeobj, n) \
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146 ( (type *) PyObject_InitVar( \
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147 (PyVarObject *) PyObject_MALLOC(_PyObject_VAR_SIZE((typeobj),(n)) ),\
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148 (typeobj), (n)) )
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149
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150 #define PyObject_DEL(op) PyObject_FREE(op)
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151
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152 /* This example code implements an object constructor with a custom
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153 allocator, where PyObject_New is inlined, and shows the important
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154 distinction between two steps (at least):
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155 1) the actual allocation of the object storage;
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156 2) the initialization of the Python specific fields
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157 in this storage with PyObject_{Init, InitVar}.
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158
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159 PyObject *
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160 YourObject_New(...)
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161 {
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162 PyObject *op;
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163
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164 op = (PyObject *) Your_Allocator(_PyObject_SIZE(YourTypeStruct));
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165 if (op == NULL)
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166 return PyErr_NoMemory();
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167
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168 op = PyObject_Init(op, &YourTypeStruct);
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169 if (op == NULL)
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170 return NULL;
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171
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172 op->ob_field = value;
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173 ...
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174 return op;
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175 }
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176
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177 Note that in C++, the use of the new operator usually implies that
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178 the 1st step is performed automatically for you, so in a C++ class
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179 constructor you would start directly with PyObject_Init/InitVar. */
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180
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181 /*
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182 * Garbage Collection Support
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183 * ==========================
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184 *
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185 * Some of the functions and macros below are always defined; when
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186 * WITH_CYCLE_GC is undefined, they simply don't do anything different
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187 * than their non-GC counterparts.
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188 */
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189
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190 /* Test if a type has a GC head */
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191 #define PyType_IS_GC(t) PyType_HasFeature((t), Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GC)
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192
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193 /* Test if an object has a GC head */
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194 #define PyObject_IS_GC(o) (PyType_IS_GC((o)->ob_type) && \
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195 ((o)->ob_type->tp_is_gc == NULL || (o)->ob_type->tp_is_gc(o)))
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196
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197 extern DL_IMPORT(PyObject *) _PyObject_GC_Malloc(PyTypeObject *, int);
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198 extern DL_IMPORT(PyVarObject *) _PyObject_GC_Resize(PyVarObject *, int);
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199
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200 #define PyObject_GC_Resize(type, op, n) \
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201 ( (type *) _PyObject_GC_Resize((PyVarObject *)(op), (n)) )
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202
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203 extern DL_IMPORT(PyObject *) _PyObject_GC_New(PyTypeObject *);
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204 extern DL_IMPORT(PyVarObject *) _PyObject_GC_NewVar(PyTypeObject *, int);
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205 extern DL_IMPORT(void) _PyObject_GC_Del(PyObject *);
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206 extern DL_IMPORT(void) _PyObject_GC_Track(PyObject *);
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207 extern DL_IMPORT(void) _PyObject_GC_UnTrack(PyObject *);
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208
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209 #ifdef WITH_CYCLE_GC
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210
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211 /* GC information is stored BEFORE the object structure */
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212 typedef union _gc_head {
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213 struct {
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214 union _gc_head *gc_next; /* not NULL if object is tracked */
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215 union _gc_head *gc_prev;
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216 int gc_refs;
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217 } gc;
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218 long double dummy; /* force worst-case alignment */
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219 } PyGC_Head;
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220
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221 extern PyGC_Head _PyGC_generation0;
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222
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223 /* Tell the GC to track this object. NB: While the object is tracked the
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224 * collector it must be safe to call the ob_traverse method. */
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225 #define _PyObject_GC_TRACK(o) do { \
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226 PyGC_Head *g = (PyGC_Head *)(o)-1; \
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227 if (g->gc.gc_next != NULL) \
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228 Py_FatalError("GC object already in linked list"); \
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229 g->gc.gc_next = &_PyGC_generation0; \
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230 g->gc.gc_prev = _PyGC_generation0.gc.gc_prev; \
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231 g->gc.gc_prev->gc.gc_next = g; \
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232 _PyGC_generation0.gc.gc_prev = g; \
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233 } while (0);
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234
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235 /* Tell the GC to stop tracking this object. */
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236 #define _PyObject_GC_UNTRACK(o) do { \
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237 PyGC_Head *g = (PyGC_Head *)(o)-1; \
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238 g->gc.gc_prev->gc.gc_next = g->gc.gc_next; \
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239 g->gc.gc_next->gc.gc_prev = g->gc.gc_prev; \
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240 g->gc.gc_next = NULL; \
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241 } while (0);
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242
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243 #define PyObject_GC_Track(op) _PyObject_GC_Track((PyObject *)op)
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244 #define PyObject_GC_UnTrack(op) _PyObject_GC_UnTrack((PyObject *)op)
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245
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246
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247 #define PyObject_GC_New(type, typeobj) \
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248 ( (type *) _PyObject_GC_New(typeobj) )
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249 #define PyObject_GC_NewVar(type, typeobj, n) \
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250 ( (type *) _PyObject_GC_NewVar((typeobj), (n)) )
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251 #define PyObject_GC_Del(op) _PyObject_GC_Del((PyObject *)(op))
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252
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253 #else /* !WITH_CYCLE_GC */
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254
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255 #define PyObject_GC_New PyObject_New
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256 #define PyObject_GC_NewVar PyObject_NewVar
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257 #define PyObject_GC_Del PyObject_Del
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258 #define _PyObject_GC_TRACK(op)
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259 #define _PyObject_GC_UNTRACK(op)
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260 #define PyObject_GC_Track(op)
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261 #define PyObject_GC_UnTrack(op)
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262
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263 #endif
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264
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265 /* This is here for the sake of backwards compatibility. Extensions that
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266 * use the old GC API will still compile but the objects will not be
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267 * tracked by the GC. */
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268 #define PyGC_HEAD_SIZE 0
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269 #define PyObject_GC_Init(op)
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270 #define PyObject_GC_Fini(op)
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271 #define PyObject_AS_GC(op) (op)
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272 #define PyObject_FROM_GC(op) (op)
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273
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274
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275 /* Test if a type supports weak references */
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276 #define PyType_SUPPORTS_WEAKREFS(t) \
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277 (PyType_HasFeature((t), Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_WEAKREFS) \
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278 && ((t)->tp_weaklistoffset > 0))
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279
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280 #define PyObject_GET_WEAKREFS_LISTPTR(o) \
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281 ((PyObject **) (((char *) (o)) + (o)->ob_type->tp_weaklistoffset))
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282
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283 #ifdef __cplusplus
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284 }
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285 #endif
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286 #endif /* !Py_OBJIMPL_H */