Mercurial > cpython-lru_cache-weakref
annotate README @ 21283:d4907cdcc299 legacy-trunk
Use an immutable tuple for __slots instead of a mutable list
Bump version number
| author | Andrew M. Kuchling <amk@amk.ca> |
|---|---|
| date | Fri, 07 Dec 2001 14:22:13 +0000 |
| parents | ecbbeccde07d |
| children | 8a89ff1e0662 |
| rev | line source |
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1 This is Python version 2.2 |
| 15249 | 2 ========================== |
| 14367 | 3 |
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4 Copyright (c) 2001 Python Software Foundation. |
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5 All rights reserved. |
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6 |
| 14367 | 7 Copyright (c) 2000 BeOpen.com. |
| 8 All rights reserved. | |
| 9 | |
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10 Copyright (c) 1995-2001 Corporation for National Research Initiatives. |
| 14367 | 11 All rights reserved. |
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12 |
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13 Copyright (c) 1991-1995 Stichting Mathematisch Centrum. |
| 14367 | 14 All rights reserved. |
| 15 | |
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16 |
| 14367 | 17 License information |
| 18 ------------------- | |
| 19 | |
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20 See the file "LICENSE" for information on the history of this |
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21 software, terms & conditions for usage, and a DISCLAIMER OF ALL |
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22 WARRANTIES. |
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24 This Python distribution contains no GNU General Public Licensed |
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25 (GPLed) code so it may be used in proprietary projects just like prior |
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26 Python distributions. There are interfaces to some GNU code but these |
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27 are entirely optional. |
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28 |
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29 All trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective |
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30 holders. |
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31 |
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32 |
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33 What's new in this release? |
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34 --------------------------- |
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35 |
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36 See the file "Misc/NEWS". |
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37 |
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38 If you don't read instructions |
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39 ------------------------------ |
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40 |
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41 Congratulations on getting this far. :-) |
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42 |
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43 To start building right away (on UNIX): type "./configure" in the |
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44 current directory and when it finishes, type "make". The section |
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45 `Build Instructions' below is still recommended reading, especially |
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46 the part on customizing Modules/Setup. |
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47 |
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48 |
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49 What is Python anyway? |
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50 ---------------------- |
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51 |
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52 Python is an interpreted object-oriented programming language suitable |
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53 (amongst other uses) for distributed application development, |
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54 scripting, numeric computing and system testing. Python is often |
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55 compared to Tcl, Perl, Java, JavaScript, Visual Basic or Scheme. To |
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56 find out more about what Python can do for you, point your browser to |
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57 http://www.python.org/. |
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58 |
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59 |
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60 How do I learn Python? |
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61 ---------------------- |
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62 |
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63 The official tutorial is still a good place to start; see |
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64 http://www.python.org/doc/ for online and downloadable versions, as |
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65 well as a list of other introductions, and reference documentation. |
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66 |
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67 There's a quickly growing set of books on Python. See |
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68 http://www.python.org/psa/bookstore/ for a list. |
| 5591 | 69 |
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70 |
| 14367 | 71 Documentation |
| 72 ------------- | |
| 73 | |
| 74 All documentation is provided online in a variety of formats. In | |
| 75 order of importance for new users: Tutorial, Library Reference, | |
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76 Language Reference, Extending & Embedding, and the Python/C API. The |
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77 Library Reference is especially of immense value since much of |
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78 Python's power is described there, including the built-in data types |
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79 and functions! |
| 14367 | 80 |
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81 All documentation is also available online at the Python web site |
| 14367 | 82 (http://www.python.org/doc/, see below). It is available online for |
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83 occasional reference, or can be downloaded in many formats for faster |
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84 access. The documentation is available in HTML, PostScript, PDF, and |
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85 LaTeX formats; the LaTeX version is primarily for documentation |
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86 authors, translators, and people with special formatting requirements. |
| 14367 | 87 |
| 88 | |
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89 Web sites |
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90 --------- |
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92 New Python releases and related technologies are published at |
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93 http://www.python.org/. Come visit us! |
| 14367 | 94 |
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95 There's also a Python community web site at http://starship.python.net/. |
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97 |
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98 Newsgroups and Mailing Lists |
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99 ---------------------------- |
| 14367 | 100 |
| 101 Read comp.lang.python, a high-volume discussion newsgroup about | |
| 102 Python, or comp.lang.python.announce, a low-volume moderated newsgroup | |
| 103 for Python-related announcements. These are also accessible as | |
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104 mailing lists: see http://www.python.org/psa/MailingLists.html for an |
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105 overview of the many Python-related mailing lists. |
| 14367 | 106 |
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107 Archives are accessible via Deja.com Usenet News: see |
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108 http://www.deja.com/usenet. The mailing lists are also archived, see |
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109 http://www.python.org/psa/MailingLists.html for details. |
| 14367 | 110 |
| 111 | |
| 112 Bug reports | |
| 113 ----------- | |
| 114 | |
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115 To report or search for bugs, please use the Python Bug |
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116 Tracker at http://sourceforge.net/bugs/?group_id=5470. |
| 14367 | 117 |
| 118 | |
| 119 Patches and contributions | |
| 120 ------------------------- | |
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121 |
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122 To submit a patch or other contribution, please use the Python Patch |
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123 Manager at http://sourceforge.net/patch/?group_id=5470. Guidelines |
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124 for patch submission may be found at http://www.python.org/patches/. |
| 14367 | 125 |
| 126 If you have a proposal to change Python, it's best to submit a Python | |
| 127 Enhancement Proposal (PEP) first. All current PEPs, as well as | |
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128 guidelines for submitting a new PEP, are list at |
| 14367 | 129 http://python.sourceforge.net/peps/. |
| 130 | |
| 131 | |
| 132 Questions | |
| 133 --------- | |
| 134 | |
| 135 For help, if you can't find it in the manuals or on the web site, it's | |
| 136 best to post to the comp.lang.python or the Python mailing list (see | |
| 137 above). If you specifically don't want to involve the newsgroup or | |
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138 mailing list, send questions to help@python.org (a group of volunteers |
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139 who answer questions as they can). The newsgroup is the most |
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140 efficient way to ask public questions. |
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141 |
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142 |
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143 Build instructions |
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144 ================== |
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146 Before you can build Python, you must first configure it. Fortunately, |
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147 the configuration and build process has been streamlined for most Unix |
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148 installations, so all you have to do is type a few commands, |
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149 optionally edit one file, and sit back. There are some platforms |
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150 where things are not quite as smooth; see the platform specific notes |
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151 below. If you want to build for multiple platforms sharing the same |
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152 source tree, see the section on VPATH below. |
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153 |
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154 Start by running the script "./configure", which determines your system |
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155 configuration and creates the Makefile. (It takes a minute or two -- |
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156 please be patient!) You may want to pass options to the configure |
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157 script or edit the Modules/Setup file after running configure -- see the |
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158 section below on configuration options and variables. When it's done, |
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159 you are ready to run make. |
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160 |
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161 To build Python, you normally type "make" in the toplevel directory. If |
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162 you have changed the configuration or have modified Modules/Setup, the |
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163 Makefile may have to be rebuilt. In this case you may have to run make |
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164 again to correctly build your desired target. The interpreter |
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165 executable is built in the top level directory. |
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166 |
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167 Once you have built a Python interpreter, see the subsections below on |
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168 testing, configuring additional modules, and installation. If you run |
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169 into trouble, see the next section. Editing the Modules/Setup file |
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170 after running make is supported; just run "make" again after making |
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171 the desired changes. |
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172 |
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173 |
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174 Troubleshooting |
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175 --------------- |
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176 |
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177 See also the platform specific notes in the next section. |
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178 |
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179 If you run into other trouble, see section 3 of the FAQ |
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180 (http://www.python.org/cgi-bin/faqw.py or |
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181 http://www.python.org/doc/FAQ.html) for hints on what can go wrong, |
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182 and how to fix it. |
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183 |
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184 If you rerun the configure script with different options, remove all |
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185 object files by running "make clean" before rebuilding. Believe it or |
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186 not, "make clean" sometimes helps to clean up other inexplicable |
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187 problems as well. Try it before sending in a bug report! |
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188 |
| 4134 | 189 If the configure script fails or doesn't seem to find things that |
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190 should be there, inspect the config.log file. When you fix a |
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191 configure problem, be sure to remove config.cache! |
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192 |
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193 If you get a warning for every file about the -Olimit option being no |
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194 longer supported, you can ignore it. There's no foolproof way to know |
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195 whether this option is needed; all we can do is test whether it is |
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196 accepted without error. On some systems, e.g. older SGI compilers, it |
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197 is essential for performance (specifically when compiling ceval.c, |
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198 which has more basic blocks than the default limit of 1000). If the |
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199 warning bothers you, edit the Makefile to remove "-Olimit 1500" from |
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200 the OPT variable. |
| 4134 | 201 |
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202 If you get failures in test_long, or sys.maxint gets set to -1, you |
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203 are probably experiencing compiler bugs, usually related to |
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204 optimization. This is a common problem with some versions of gcc and |
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205 egcs, and some vendor-supplied compilers, which can sometimes be |
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206 worked around by turning off optimization. Consider switching to |
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207 stable versions (gcc 2.7.2.3, egcs 1.1.2, or contact your vendor.) |
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208 |
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209 From Python 2.0 onward, all Python C code is ANSI C. Compiling using |
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210 old K&R-C-only compilers is no longer possible. ANSI C compilers are |
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211 available for all modern systems, either in the form of updated |
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212 compilers from the vendor, or one of the free compilers (gcc, egcs). |
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213 |
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214 Platform specific notes |
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215 ----------------------- |
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216 |
| 3174 | 217 (Some of these may no longer apply. If you find you can build Python |
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218 on these platforms without the special directions mentioned here, |
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219 submit a documentation bug report to SourceForge (see Bug Reports |
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220 above) so we can remove them!) |
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221 |
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222 64-bit platforms: The modules audioop, imageop and rgbimg don't work. |
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223 Don't try to enable them in the Modules/Setup file. They |
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224 contain code that is quite wordsize sensitive. (If you have a |
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225 fix, let us know!) |
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226 |
| 5037 | 227 Solaris: When using Sun's C compiler with threads, at least on Solaris |
| 228 2.5.1, you need to add the "-mt" compiler option (the simplest | |
| 229 way is probably to specify the compiler with this option as | |
| 230 the "CC" environment variable when running the configure | |
| 231 script). | |
| 232 | |
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233 Linux: A problem with threads and fork() was tracked down to a bug in |
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234 the pthreads code in glibc version 2.0.5; glibc version 2.0.7 |
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235 solves the problem. This causes the popen2 test to fail; |
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236 problem and solution reported by Pablo Bleyer. |
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237 |
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238 Under Linux systems using GNU libc 2 (aka libc6), the crypt |
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239 module now needs the -lcrypt option. Uncomment this flag in |
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240 Modules/Setup, or comment out the crypt module in the same |
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241 file. Most modern Linux systems use glibc2. |
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242 |
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243 FreeBSD 3.x and probably platforms with NCurses that use libmytinfo or |
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244 similar: When using cursesmodule, the linking is not done in |
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245 the correct order with the defaults. Remove "-ltermcap" from |
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246 the readline entry in Setup, and use as curses entry: "curses |
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247 cursesmodule.c -lmytinfo -lncurses -ltermcap" - "mytinfo" (so |
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248 called on FreeBSD) should be the name of the auxiliary library |
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249 required on your platform. Normally, it would be linked |
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250 automatically, but not necessarily in the correct order. |
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251 |
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252 BSDI: BSDI versions before 4.1 have known problems with threads, |
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253 which can cause strange errors in a number of modules (for |
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254 instance, the 'test_signal' test script will hang forever.) |
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255 Turning off threads (with --with-threads=no) or upgrading to |
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256 BSDI 4.1 solves this problem. |
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257 |
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258 DEC Unix: Run configure with --with-dec-threads, or with |
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259 --with-threads=no if no threads are desired (threads are on by |
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260 default). When using GCC, it is possible to get an internal |
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261 compiler error if optimization is used. This was reported for |
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262 GCC 2.7.2.3 on selectmodule.c. Manually compile the affected |
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263 file without optimization to solve the problem. |
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264 |
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265 DEC Ultrix: compile with GCC to avoid bugs in the native compiler, |
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266 and pass SHELL=/bin/sh5 to Make when installing. |
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267 |
| 4134 | 268 AIX: A complete overhaul of the shared library support is now in |
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269 place. See Misc/AIX-NOTES for some notes on how it's done. |
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270 (The optimizer bug reported at this place in previous releases |
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271 has been worked around by a minimal code change.) If you get |
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272 errors about ptread_* functions, during compile or during |
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273 testing, try setting CC to a thread-safe (reentrant) compiler, |
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274 like "cc_r". For full C++ module support, set CC="xlC_r" (or |
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275 CC="xlC" without thread support). |
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276 |
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277 HP-UX: Please read the file Misc/HPUX-NOTES for shared libraries. |
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278 When using threading, you may have to add -D_REENTRANT to the |
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279 OPT variable in the top-level Makefile; reported by Pat Knight, |
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280 this seems to make a difference (at least for HP-UX 10.20) |
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281 even though config.h defines it. |
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282 |
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283 Minix: When using ack, use "CC=cc AR=aal RANLIB=: ./configure"! |
| 1882 | 284 |
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285 SCO: The following apply to SCO 3 only; Python builds out of the box |
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286 on SCO 5 (or so we've heard). |
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287 |
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288 1) Everything works much better if you add -U__STDC__ to the |
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289 defs. This is because all the SCO header files are broken. |
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290 Anything that isn't mentioned in the C standard is |
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291 conditionally excluded when __STDC__ is defined. |
| 1453 | 292 |
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293 2) Due to the U.S. export restrictions, SCO broke the crypt |
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294 stuff out into a separate library, libcrypt_i.a so the LIBS |
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295 needed be set to: |
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296 |
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297 LIBS=' -lsocket -lcrypt_i' |
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298 |
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299 UnixWare: There are known bugs in the math library of the system, as well as |
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300 problems in the handling of threads (calling fork in one |
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301 thread may interrupt system calls in others). Therefore, test_math and |
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302 tests involving threads will fail until those problems are fixed. |
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303 |
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304 SunOS 4.x: When using the SunPro C compiler, you may want to use the |
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305 '-Xa' option instead of '-Xc', to enable some needed non-ANSI |
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306 Sunisms. |
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307 |
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308 NeXT: Not supported anymore. Start with the MacOSX/Darwin code if you |
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309 want to revive it. |
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310 |
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311 QNX: Chris Herborth (chrish@qnx.com) writes: |
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312 configure works best if you use GNU bash; a port is available on |
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313 ftp.qnx.com in /usr/free. I used the following process to build, |
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314 test and install Python 1.5.x under QNX: |
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315 |
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316 1) CONFIG_SHELL=/usr/local/bin/bash CC=cc RANLIB=: \ |
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317 ./configure --verbose --without-gcc --with-libm="" |
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318 |
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319 2) edit Modules/Setup to activate everything that makes sense for |
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320 your system... tested here at QNX with the following modules: |
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321 |
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322 array, audioop, binascii, cPickle, cStringIO, cmath, |
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323 crypt, curses, errno, fcntl, gdbm, grp, imageop, |
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324 _locale, math, md5, new, operator, parser, pcre, |
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325 posix, pwd, readline, regex, reop, rgbimg, rotor, |
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326 select, signal, socket, soundex, strop, struct, |
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327 syslog, termios, time, timing, zlib, audioop, imageop, rgbimg |
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328 |
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329 3) make SHELL=/usr/local/bin/bash |
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330 |
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331 or, if you feel the need for speed: |
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332 |
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333 make SHELL=/usr/local/bin/bash OPT="-5 -Oil+nrt" |
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334 |
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335 4) make SHELL=/usr/local/bin/bash test |
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336 |
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337 Using GNU readline 2.2 seems to behave strangely, but I |
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338 think that's a problem with my readline 2.2 port. :-\ |
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339 |
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340 5) make SHELL=/usr/local/bin/bash install |
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341 |
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342 If you get SIGSEGVs while running Python (I haven't yet, but |
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343 I've only run small programs and the test cases), you're |
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344 probably running out of stack; the default 32k could be a |
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345 little tight. To increase the stack size, edit the Makefile |
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346 to read: LDFLAGS = -N 48k |
| 6018 | 347 |
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348 BeOS: Chris Herborth (chrish@qnx.com) writes: |
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349 See BeOS/README for notes about compiling/installing Python on |
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350 BeOS R3 or later. Note that only the PowerPC platform is |
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351 supported for R3; both PowerPC and x86 are supported for R4. |
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352 |
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353 Cray T3E: Konrad Hinsen writes: |
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354 1) Don't use gcc. It compiles Python/graminit.c into something |
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355 that the Cray assembler doesn't like. Cray's cc seems to work |
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356 fine. |
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357 2) Comment out modules md5 (won't compile) and audioop (will |
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358 crash the interpreter during the test suite). |
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359 If you run the test suite, two tests will fail (rotate and |
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360 binascii), but these are not the modules you'd expect to need |
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361 on a Cray. |
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362 |
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363 SGI: SGI's standard "make" utility (/bin/make or /usr/bin/make) |
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364 does not check whether a command actually changed the file it |
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365 is supposed to build. This means that whenever you say "make" |
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366 it will redo the link step. The remedy is to use SGI's much |
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367 smarter "smake" utility (/usr/sbin/smake), or GNU make. If |
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368 you set the first line of the Makefile to #!/usr/sbin/smake |
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369 smake will be invoked by make (likewise for GNU make). |
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370 |
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371 WARNING: There are bugs in the optimizer of some versions of |
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372 SGI's compilers that can cause bus errors or other strange |
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373 behavior, especially on numerical operations. To avoid this, |
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374 try building with "make OPT=". |
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375 |
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376 OS/2: If you are running Warp3 or Warp4 and have IBM's VisualAge C/C++ |
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377 compiler installed, just change into the pc\os2vacpp directory |
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378 and type NMAKE. Threading and sockets are supported by default |
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379 in the resulting binaries of PYTHON15.DLL and PYTHON.EXE. |
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380 |
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381 Monterey (64-bit AIX): The current Monterey C compiler (Visual Age) |
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382 uses the OBJECT_MODE={32|64} environment variable to set the |
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383 compilation mode to either 32-bit or 64-bit (32-bit mode is |
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384 the default). Presumably you want 64-bit compilation mode for |
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385 this 64-bit OS. As a result you must first set OBJECT_MODE=64 |
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386 in your environment before configuring (./configure) or |
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387 building (make) Python on Monterey. |
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388 |
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389 Reliant UNIX: The thread support does not compile on Reliant UNIX, and |
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390 there is a (minor) problem in the configure script for that |
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391 platform as well. This should be resolved in time for a |
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392 future release. |
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393 |
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394 Mac OS X 10: One of the regular expression tests fails |
| 20959 | 395 with a SEGV due to the small stack size used by default, if you do |
| 396 "limit stacksize 2048" before "make test" it should work. | |
| 397 | |
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398 On naked Darwin you may want to add the configure option |
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399 "--disable-toolbox-glue" to disable the glue code for the Carbon |
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400 interface modules. The modules themselves are currently only built |
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401 if you add the --enable-framework option, see below. |
| 20959 | 402 |
| 403 On a clean OSX /usr/local does not exist. Do a "sudo mkdir -m 775 /usr/local" | |
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404 before you do a make install. Alternatively, do "sudo make install" |
| 20959 | 405 which installs everything as superuser. |
| 406 | |
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407 You may want to try the configure option "--enable-framework" which |
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408 installs Python as a framework. The location can be set as argument |
| 20959 | 409 to the --enable-framework option (default /Library/Frameworks). You may |
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410 also want to check out ./Mac/OSX for building a Python.app. You may also |
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411 want to manually install a symlink in /usr/local/bin/python to the |
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412 executable deep down in the framework. |
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413 |
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414 Cygwin: Cygwin Python builds OOTB when configured as follows: |
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415 |
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416 configure --with-threads=no |
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417 |
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418 assuming Cygwin 1.1.8-2 and gcc 2.95.3-1 or later. At the time |
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419 of this writing, Cygwin pthread support is being significantly |
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420 enhanced. Hopefully, there will be a Cygwin Python with thread |
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421 support soon. |
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422 |
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423 Cygwin Python supports the building of shared extensions via the |
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424 traditional Misc/Makefile.pre.in and the newer distutils methods. |
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425 |
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426 On NT/2000, the following regression tests fail: |
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427 |
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428 test_poll (hang) |
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429 test_strftime |
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430 |
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431 Due to the test_poll hang on NT/2000, one should run the |
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432 regression test using the following: |
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433 |
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434 PYTHONPATH= ./python.exe -tt ./Lib/test/regrtest.py -l -x test_poll |
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435 |
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436 On 9X/Me, in addition the above NT/2000 failures, it has been |
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437 reported that the following regression tests also fail: |
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438 |
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439 test_pwd |
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440 test_select (hang) |
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441 test_socket |
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442 |
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443 Due to the test_poll and test_select hang on 9X/Me, one should |
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444 run the regression test using the following: |
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445 |
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446 PYTHONPATH= ./python.exe -tt ./Lib/test/regrtest.py -l -x test_poll -x test_select |
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447 |
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448 Help trying to track down the root causes for these known problems |
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449 will be greatly appreciated. |
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450 |
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451 |
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452 Configuring threads |
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453 ------------------- |
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454 |
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455 As of Python 2.0, threads are enabled by default. If you wish to |
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456 compile without threads, or if your thread support is broken, pass the |
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457 --with-threads=no switch to configure. Unfortunately, on some |
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458 platforms, additional compiler and/or linker options are required for |
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459 threads to work properly. Below is a table of those options, |
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460 collected by Bill Janssen. We would love to automate this process |
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461 more, but the information below is not enough to write a patch for the |
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462 configure.in file, so manual intervention is required. If you patch |
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463 the configure.in file and are confident that the patch works, please |
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464 send in the patch. (Don't bother patching the configure script itself |
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465 -- it is regenerated each the configure.in file changes.) |
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466 |
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467 Compiler switches for threads |
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468 ............................. |
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469 |
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470 The definition of _REENTRANT should be configured automatically, if |
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471 that does not work on your system, or if _REENTRANT is defined |
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472 incorrectly, please report that as a bug. |
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473 |
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474 OS/Compiler/threads Switches for use with threads |
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475 (POSIX is draft 10, DCE is draft 4) compile & link |
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476 |
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477 SunOS 5.{1-5}/{gcc,SunPro cc}/solaris -mt |
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478 SunOS 5.5/{gcc,SunPro cc}/POSIX (nothing) |
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479 DEC OSF/1 3.x/cc/DCE -threads |
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480 (butenhof@zko.dec.com) |
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481 Digital UNIX 4.x/cc/DCE -threads |
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482 (butenhof@zko.dec.com) |
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483 Digital UNIX 4.x/cc/POSIX -pthread |
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484 (butenhof@zko.dec.com) |
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485 AIX 4.1.4/cc_r/d7 (nothing) |
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486 (buhrt@iquest.net) |
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487 AIX 4.1.4/cc_r4/DCE (nothing) |
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488 (buhrt@iquest.net) |
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489 IRIX 6.2/cc/POSIX (nothing) |
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490 (robertl@cwi.nl) |
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491 |
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492 |
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493 Linker (ld) libraries and flags for threads |
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494 ........................................... |
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495 |
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496 OS/threads Libraries/switches for use with threads |
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497 |
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498 SunOS 5.{1-5}/solaris -lthread |
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499 SunOS 5.5/POSIX -lpthread |
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500 DEC OSF/1 3.x/DCE -lpthreads -lmach -lc_r -lc |
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501 (butenhof@zko.dec.com) |
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502 Digital UNIX 4.x/DCE -lpthreads -lpthread -lmach -lexc -lc |
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503 (butenhof@zko.dec.com) |
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504 Digital UNIX 4.x/POSIX -lpthread -lmach -lexc -lc |
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505 (butenhof@zko.dec.com) |
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506 AIX 4.1.4/{draft7,DCE} (nothing) |
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507 (buhrt@iquest.net) |
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508 IRIX 6.2/POSIX -lpthread |
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509 (jph@emilia.engr.sgi.com) |
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510 |
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511 |
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512 Configuring additional built-in modules |
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513 --------------------------------------- |
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514 |
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515 Starting with Python 2.1, the setup.py script at the top of the source |
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516 distribution attempts to detect which modules can be built and |
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517 automatically compiles them. Autodetection doesn't always work, so |
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518 you can customize the configuration by editing the Modules/Setup file. |
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519 This file is initially copied from Setup.dist by the configure script; |
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520 if it does not exist yet, create it by copying Modules/Setup.dist |
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521 yourself (configure will never overwrite it). Never edit Setup.dist |
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522 -- always edit Setup or Setup.local (see below). Read the comments in |
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523 the file for information on what kind of edits are allowed. When you |
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524 have edited Setup in the Modules directory, the interpreter will |
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525 automatically be rebuilt the next time you run make (in the toplevel |
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526 directory). |
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527 |
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528 Many useful modules can be built on any Unix system, but some optional |
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529 modules can't be reliably autodetected. Often the quickest way to |
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530 determine whether a particular module works or not is to see if it |
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531 will build: enable it in Setup, then if you get compilation or link |
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532 errors, disable it -- you're either missing support or need to adjust |
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533 the compilation and linking parameters for that module. |
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534 |
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535 On SGI IRIX, there are modules that interface to many SGI specific |
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536 system libraries, e.g. the GL library and the audio hardware. These |
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537 modules will not be built by the setup.py script. |
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538 |
| 5037 | 539 In addition to the file Setup, you can also edit the file Setup.local. |
| 540 (the makesetup script processes both). You may find it more | |
| 541 convenient to edit Setup.local and leave Setup alone. Then, when | |
| 542 installing a new Python version, you can copy your old Setup.local | |
| 543 file. | |
| 544 | |
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545 |
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546 Setting the optimization/debugging options |
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547 ------------------------------------------ |
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548 |
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549 If you want or need to change the optimization/debugging options for |
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550 the C compiler, assign to the OPT variable on the toplevel make |
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551 command; e.g. "make OPT=-g" will build a debugging version of Python |
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552 on most platforms. The default is OPT=-O; a value for OPT in the |
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553 environment when the configure script is run overrides this default |
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554 (likewise for CC; and the initial value for LIBS is used as the base |
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555 set of libraries to link with). |
|
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556 |
|
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557 When compiling with GCC, the default value of OPT will also include |
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558 the -Wall and -Wstrict-prototypes options. |
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559 |
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560 Additional debugging code to help debug memory management problems can |
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561 be enabled by using the --with-pydebug option to the configure script. |
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562 |
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563 |
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564 Profiling |
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565 --------- |
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566 |
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567 If you want C profiling turned on, the easiest way is to run configure |
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568 with the CC environment variable to the necessary compiler |
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569 invocation. For example, on Linux, this works for profiling using |
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570 gprof(1): |
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571 |
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572 CC="gcc -pg" ./configure |
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573 |
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574 Note that on Linux, gprof apparently does not work for shared |
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575 libraries. The Makefile/Setup mechanism can be used to compile and |
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576 link most extension module statically. |
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577 |
|
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578 |
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579 Testing |
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580 ------- |
| 1453 | 581 |
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582 To test the interpreter, type "make test" in the top-level directory. |
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583 This runs the test set twice (once with no compiled files, once with |
|
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584 the compiled files left by the previous test run). The test set |
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585 produces some output. You can generally ignore the messages about |
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586 skipped tests due to optional features which can't be imported. (If |
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|
587 you want to test those modules, edit Modules/Setup to configure them.) |
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588 If a message is printed about a failed test or a traceback or core |
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589 dump is produced, something is wrong. On some Linux systems (those |
|
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590 that are not yet using glibc 6), test_strftime fails due to a |
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591 non-standard implementation of strftime() in the C library. Please |
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592 ignore this, or upgrade to glibc version 6. |
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593 |
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594 IMPORTANT: If the tests fail and you decide to mail a bug report, |
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595 *don't* include the output of "make test". It is useless. Run the |
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596 failing test manually, as follows: |
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597 |
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598 python ../Lib/test/test_whatever.py |
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599 |
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600 (substituting the top of the source tree for .. if you built in a |
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601 different directory). This runs the test in verbose mode. |
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602 |
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603 |
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604 Installing |
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605 ---------- |
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606 |
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607 To install the Python binary, library modules, shared library modules |
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608 (see below), include files, configuration files, and the manual page, |
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609 just type |
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610 |
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611 make install |
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612 |
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613 This will install all platform-independent files in subdirectories of |
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614 the directory given with the --prefix option to configure or to the |
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615 `prefix' Make variable (default /usr/local). All binary and other |
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616 platform-specific files will be installed in subdirectories if the |
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617 directory given by --exec-prefix or the `exec_prefix' Make variable |
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618 (defaults to the --prefix directory) is given. |
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619 |
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620 All subdirectories created will have Python's version number in their |
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621 name, e.g. the library modules are installed in |
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622 "/usr/local/lib/python<version>/" by default, where <version> is the |
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623 <major>.<minor> release number (e.g. "2.1"). The Python binary is |
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624 installed as "python<version>" and a hard link named "python" is |
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625 created. The only file not installed with a version number in its |
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626 name is the manual page, installed as "/usr/local/man/man1/python.1" |
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627 by default. |
| 1453 | 628 |
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629 If you have a previous installation of Python that you don't |
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630 want to replace yet, use |
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631 |
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632 make altinstall |
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633 |
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634 This installs the same set of files as "make install" except it |
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635 doesn't create the hard link to "python<version>" named "python" and |
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636 it doesn't install the manual page at all. |
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637 |
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638 Alpha/beta revision levels are stripped from the executable and |
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639 library filenames during installation. For example, Python2.1a2 will |
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640 install as python2.1, overwriting the previous python2.1. To avoid |
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641 this, you could set the Makefile VERSION variable manually |
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642 (e.g. VERSION=2.1a2) before running "make install" or "make altinstall". |
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643 |
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644 The only thing you may have to install manually is the Python mode for |
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645 Emacs found in Misc/python-mode.el. (But then again, more recent |
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646 versions of Emacs may already have it.) Follow the instructions that |
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647 came with Emacs for installation of site-specific files. |
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648 |
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649 On Mac OS X, if you have configured Python with --enable-framework, you |
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650 should use "make frameworkinstall" to do the installation. Note that this |
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651 installs the Python executable in a place that is not normally on your |
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652 PATH, you may want to set up a symlink in /usr/local/bin. |
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653 |
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654 |
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655 Configuration options and variables |
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656 ----------------------------------- |
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657 |
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658 Some special cases are handled by passing options to the configure |
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659 script. |
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660 |
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661 WARNING: if you rerun the configure script with different options, you |
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662 must run "make clean" before rebuilding. Exceptions to this rule: |
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663 after changing --prefix or --exec-prefix, all you need to do is remove |
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664 Modules/getpath.o. |
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665 |
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666 --with(out)-gcc: The configure script uses gcc (the GNU C compiler) if |
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667 it finds it. If you don't want this, or if this compiler is |
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668 installed but broken on your platform, pass the option |
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669 --without-gcc. You can also pass "CC=cc" (or whatever the |
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670 name of the proper C compiler is) in the environment, but the |
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671 advantage of using --without-gcc is that this option is |
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672 remembered by the config.status script for its --recheck |
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673 option. |
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674 |
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675 --prefix, --exec-prefix: If you want to install the binaries and the |
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676 Python library somewhere else than in /usr/local/{bin,lib}, |
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677 you can pass the option --prefix=DIRECTORY; the interpreter |
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678 binary will be installed as DIRECTORY/bin/python and the |
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679 library files as DIRECTORY/lib/python/*. If you pass |
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680 --exec-prefix=DIRECTORY (as well) this overrides the |
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681 installation prefix for architecture-dependent files (like the |
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682 interpreter binary). Note that --prefix=DIRECTORY also |
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683 affects the default module search path (sys.path), when |
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684 Modules/config.c is compiled. Passing make the option |
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685 prefix=DIRECTORY (and/or exec_prefix=DIRECTORY) overrides the |
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686 prefix set at configuration time; this may be more convenient |
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687 than re-running the configure script if you change your mind |
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688 about the install prefix. |
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689 |
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690 --with-readline: This option is no longer supported. To use GNU |
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691 readline, enable module "readline" in the Modules/Setup file. |
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692 |
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693 --with-threads: On most Unix systems, you can now use multiple |
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694 threads, and support for this is enabled by default. To |
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695 disable this, pass --with-threads=no. If the library required |
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696 for threads lives in a peculiar place, you can use |
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697 --with-thread=DIRECTORY. IMPORTANT: run "make clean" after |
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698 changing (either enabling or disabling) this option, or you |
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699 will get link errors! Note: for DEC Unix use |
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700 --with-dec-threads instead. |
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701 |
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702 --with-sgi-dl: On SGI IRIX 4, dynamic loading of extension modules is |
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|
703 supported by the "dl" library by Jack Jansen, which is |
|
3922
e8bd430cd357
Final text for beta2 release. Hopefully no pre-1.4 information is left.
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parents:
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|
704 ftp'able from ftp://ftp.cwi.nl/pub/dynload/dl-1.6.tar.Z. |
|
2658
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revamped README; the usual elsewhere...
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diff
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|
705 This is enabled (after you've ftp'ed and compiled the dl |
|
14425
f8e668447e2a
Many changes suggested by Bob Weiner, mostly small grammatical fixes
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changeset
|
706 library) by passing --with-sgi-dl=DIRECTORY where DIRECTORY |
|
2658
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revamped README; the usual elsewhere...
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diff
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|
707 is the absolute pathname of the dl library. (Don't bother on |
|
3a3df231327c
revamped README; the usual elsewhere...
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
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diff
changeset
|
708 IRIX 5, it already has dynamic linking using SunOS style |
|
3a3df231327c
revamped README; the usual elsewhere...
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diff
changeset
|
709 shared libraries.) Support for this feature is deprecated. |
|
2049
07cf3b3baf16
The usual changes when a release is nearing...
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
710 |
|
14425
f8e668447e2a
Many changes suggested by Bob Weiner, mostly small grammatical fixes
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
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diff
changeset
|
711 --with-dl-dld: Dynamic loading of modules is rumored to be supported |
|
2658
3a3df231327c
revamped README; the usual elsewhere...
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
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changeset
|
712 on some other systems: VAX (Ultrix), Sun3 (SunOS 3.4), Sequent |
|
3a3df231327c
revamped README; the usual elsewhere...
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diff
changeset
|
713 Symmetry (Dynix), and Atari ST. This is done using a |
|
3a3df231327c
revamped README; the usual elsewhere...
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
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changeset
|
714 combination of the GNU dynamic loading package |
|
3922
e8bd430cd357
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parents:
3893
diff
changeset
|
715 (ftp://ftp.cwi.nl/pub/dynload/dl-dld-1.1.tar.Z) and an |
|
2658
3a3df231327c
revamped README; the usual elsewhere...
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
716 emulation of the SGI dl library mentioned above (the emulation |
|
3a3df231327c
revamped README; the usual elsewhere...
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
717 can be found at |
|
3922
e8bd430cd357
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
718 ftp://ftp.cwi.nl/pub/dynload/dld-3.2.3.tar.Z). To |
|
17542
4493199d2b95
This is (hopefully) last checkin before releasing 2.1c2 -- get rid of
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
719 enable this, ftp and compile both libraries, then call |
|
14425
f8e668447e2a
Many changes suggested by Bob Weiner, mostly small grammatical fixes
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parents:
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diff
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|
720 configure, passing it the option |
|
2658
3a3df231327c
revamped README; the usual elsewhere...
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diff
changeset
|
721 --with-dl-dld=DL_DIRECTORY,DLD_DIRECTORY where DL_DIRECTORY is |
|
3a3df231327c
revamped README; the usual elsewhere...
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|
722 the absolute pathname of the dl emulation library and |
|
3a3df231327c
revamped README; the usual elsewhere...
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changeset
|
723 DLD_DIRECTORY is the absolute pathname of the GNU dld library. |
|
3a3df231327c
revamped README; the usual elsewhere...
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
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diff
changeset
|
724 (Don't bother on SunOS 4 or 5, they already have dynamic |
|
3a3df231327c
revamped README; the usual elsewhere...
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|
725 linking using shared libraries.) Support for this feature is |
|
3a3df231327c
revamped README; the usual elsewhere...
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|
726 deprecated. |
|
2049
07cf3b3baf16
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|
727 |
|
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changeset
|
728 --with-libm, --with-libc: It is possible to specify alternative |
|
3a3df231327c
revamped README; the usual elsewhere...
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changeset
|
729 versions for the Math library (default -lm) and the C library |
|
3a3df231327c
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|
730 (default the empty string) using the options |
|
14425
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changeset
|
731 --with-libm=STRING and --with-libc=STRING, respectively. For |
|
f8e668447e2a
Many changes suggested by Bob Weiner, mostly small grammatical fixes
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changeset
|
732 example, if your system requires that you pass -lc_s to the C |
|
f8e668447e2a
Many changes suggested by Bob Weiner, mostly small grammatical fixes
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parents:
14385
diff
changeset
|
733 compiler to use the shared C library, you can pass |
|
f8e668447e2a
Many changes suggested by Bob Weiner, mostly small grammatical fixes
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
14385
diff
changeset
|
734 --with-libc=-lc_s. These libraries are passed after all other |
|
f8e668447e2a
Many changes suggested by Bob Weiner, mostly small grammatical fixes
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parents:
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|
735 libraries, the C library last. |
|
17542
4493199d2b95
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|
736 |
|
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|
737 --with-libs='libs': Add 'libs' to the LIBS that the python interpreter |
|
f8e668447e2a
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|
738 is linked against. |
|
3893
958d4c67526b
Added doc para for --with-libs
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
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|
739 |
|
15546
bb93b1dca571
Document --with-cxx.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents:
15344
diff
changeset
|
740 --with-cxx=<compiler>: Some C++ compilers require that main() is |
|
bb93b1dca571
Document --with-cxx.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents:
15344
diff
changeset
|
741 compiled with the C++ if there is any C++ code in the application. |
|
bb93b1dca571
Document --with-cxx.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents:
15344
diff
changeset
|
742 Specifically, g++ on a.out systems may require that to support |
|
bb93b1dca571
Document --with-cxx.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents:
15344
diff
changeset
|
743 construction of global objects. With this option, the main() function |
|
bb93b1dca571
Document --with-cxx.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents:
15344
diff
changeset
|
744 of Python will be compiled with <compiler>; use that only if you |
|
bb93b1dca571
Document --with-cxx.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents:
15344
diff
changeset
|
745 plan to use C++ extension modules, and if your compiler requires |
|
bb93b1dca571
Document --with-cxx.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents:
15344
diff
changeset
|
746 compilation of main() as a C++ program. |
|
bb93b1dca571
Document --with-cxx.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents:
15344
diff
changeset
|
747 |
|
bb93b1dca571
Document --with-cxx.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents:
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changeset
|
748 |
|
15325
65594feb5527
Try to clarify when the Modules/Setup file should be edited. Added
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
15249
diff
changeset
|
749 --with-pydebug: Enable additional debugging code to help track down |
|
65594feb5527
Try to clarify when the Modules/Setup file should be edited. Added
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
15249
diff
changeset
|
750 memory management problems. This allows printing a list of all |
|
65594feb5527
Try to clarify when the Modules/Setup file should be edited. Added
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
15249
diff
changeset
|
751 live objects when the interpreter terminates. |
|
65594feb5527
Try to clarify when the Modules/Setup file should be edited. Added
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
15249
diff
changeset
|
752 |
|
2049
07cf3b3baf16
The usual changes when a release is nearing...
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
2015
diff
changeset
|
753 |
|
1748
8286a662502b
Merge alpha100 branch back to main trunk
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
754 Building for multiple architectures (using the VPATH feature) |
|
8286a662502b
Merge alpha100 branch back to main trunk
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parents:
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changeset
|
755 ------------------------------------------------------------- |
|
8286a662502b
Merge alpha100 branch back to main trunk
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
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changeset
|
756 |
|
8286a662502b
Merge alpha100 branch back to main trunk
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
757 If your file system is shared between multiple architectures, it |
|
8286a662502b
Merge alpha100 branch back to main trunk
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
758 usually is not necessary to make copies of the sources for each |
|
8286a662502b
Merge alpha100 branch back to main trunk
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changeset
|
759 architecture you want to support. If the make program supports the |
|
8286a662502b
Merge alpha100 branch back to main trunk
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parents:
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changeset
|
760 VPATH feature, you can create an empty build directory for each |
|
8286a662502b
Merge alpha100 branch back to main trunk
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changeset
|
761 architecture, and in each directory run the configure script (on the |
|
8286a662502b
Merge alpha100 branch back to main trunk
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|
762 appropriate machine with the appropriate options). This creates the |
|
8286a662502b
Merge alpha100 branch back to main trunk
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|
763 necessary subdirectories and the Makefiles therein. The Makefiles |
|
14425
f8e668447e2a
Many changes suggested by Bob Weiner, mostly small grammatical fixes
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parents:
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changeset
|
764 contain a line VPATH=... which points to a directory containing the |
| 4134 | 765 actual sources. (On SGI systems, use "smake -J1" instead of "make" if |
| 766 you use VPATH -- don't try gnumake.) | |
|
1748
8286a662502b
Merge alpha100 branch back to main trunk
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
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changeset
|
767 |
|
8286a662502b
Merge alpha100 branch back to main trunk
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
768 For example, the following is all you need to build a minimal Python |
|
8286a662502b
Merge alpha100 branch back to main trunk
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
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changeset
|
769 in /usr/tmp/python (assuming ~guido/src/python is the toplevel |
|
8286a662502b
Merge alpha100 branch back to main trunk
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
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|
770 directory and you want to build in /usr/tmp/python): |
|
8286a662502b
Merge alpha100 branch back to main trunk
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
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changeset
|
771 |
|
8286a662502b
Merge alpha100 branch back to main trunk
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changeset
|
772 $ mkdir /usr/tmp/python |
|
8286a662502b
Merge alpha100 branch back to main trunk
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|
773 $ cd /usr/tmp/python |
|
8286a662502b
Merge alpha100 branch back to main trunk
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|
774 $ ~guido/src/python/configure |
|
8286a662502b
Merge alpha100 branch back to main trunk
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changeset
|
775 [...] |
|
8286a662502b
Merge alpha100 branch back to main trunk
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changeset
|
776 $ make |
|
8286a662502b
Merge alpha100 branch back to main trunk
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parents:
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|
777 [...] |
|
8286a662502b
Merge alpha100 branch back to main trunk
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changeset
|
778 $ |
|
8286a662502b
Merge alpha100 branch back to main trunk
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parents:
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changeset
|
779 |
|
16288
c0a2441a4454
- Edit the QNX instructions to refer to Makefile, not Modules/Makefile.
Neil Schemenauer <nascheme@enme.ucalgary.ca>
parents:
16229
diff
changeset
|
780 Note that configure copies the original Setup file to the build |
|
1748
8286a662502b
Merge alpha100 branch back to main trunk
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|
781 directory if it finds no Setup file there. This means that you can |
|
8286a662502b
Merge alpha100 branch back to main trunk
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
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changeset
|
782 edit the Setup file for each architecture independently. For this |
|
8286a662502b
Merge alpha100 branch back to main trunk
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
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changeset
|
783 reason, subsequent changes to the original Setup file are not tracked |
|
8286a662502b
Merge alpha100 branch back to main trunk
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parents:
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changeset
|
784 automatically, as they might overwrite local changes. To force a copy |
|
8286a662502b
Merge alpha100 branch back to main trunk
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
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changeset
|
785 of a changed original Setup file, delete the target Setup file. (The |
|
8286a662502b
Merge alpha100 branch back to main trunk
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parents:
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changeset
|
786 makesetup script supports multiple input files, so if you want to be |
|
8286a662502b
Merge alpha100 branch back to main trunk
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parents:
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|
787 fancy you can change the rules to create an empty Setup.local if it |
|
8286a662502b
Merge alpha100 branch back to main trunk
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changeset
|
788 doesn't exist and run it with arguments $(srcdir)/Setup Setup.local; |
|
8286a662502b
Merge alpha100 branch back to main trunk
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parents:
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changeset
|
789 however this assumes that you only need to add modules.) |
|
8286a662502b
Merge alpha100 branch back to main trunk
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
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changeset
|
790 |
| 1453 | 791 |
|
1748
8286a662502b
Merge alpha100 branch back to main trunk
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
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|
792 Building on non-UNIX systems |
|
8286a662502b
Merge alpha100 branch back to main trunk
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changeset
|
793 ---------------------------- |
|
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Merge alpha100 branch back to main trunk
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changeset
|
794 |
|
14673
df8d575d967d
Updated Windows build info.
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents:
14429
diff
changeset
|
795 For Windows (2000/NT/ME/98/95), assuming you have MS VC++ 6.0, the |
|
df8d575d967d
Updated Windows build info.
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents:
14429
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changeset
|
796 project files are in PCbuild, the workspace is pcbuild.dsw. See |
|
df8d575d967d
Updated Windows build info.
Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>
parents:
14429
diff
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|
797 PCbuild\readme.txt for detailed instructions. |
|
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Final text for beta2 release. Hopefully no pre-1.4 information is left.
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|
798 |
|
10572
10bd2fb2a0d6
Clarify PC build instructions (point to PCbuild).
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
10565
diff
changeset
|
799 For other non-Unix Windows compilers, in particular Windows 3.1 and |
|
10bd2fb2a0d6
Clarify PC build instructions (point to PCbuild).
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
10565
diff
changeset
|
800 for OS/2, enter the directory "PC" and read the file "readme.txt". |
|
3887
957f42ea0f84
Numerous changes, but still a lot of XXX thingies.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
3850
diff
changeset
|
801 |
|
3922
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Final text for beta2 release. Hopefully no pre-1.4 information is left.
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parents:
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changeset
|
802 For the Mac, a separate source distribution will be made available, |
|
e8bd430cd357
Final text for beta2 release. Hopefully no pre-1.4 information is left.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
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changeset
|
803 for use with the CodeWarrior compiler. If you are interested in Mac |
|
e8bd430cd357
Final text for beta2 release. Hopefully no pre-1.4 information is left.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
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|
804 development, join the PythonMac Special Interest Group |
|
e8bd430cd357
Final text for beta2 release. Hopefully no pre-1.4 information is left.
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parents:
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changeset
|
805 (http://www.python.org/sigs/pythonmac-sig/, or send email to |
|
e8bd430cd357
Final text for beta2 release. Hopefully no pre-1.4 information is left.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
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changeset
|
806 pythonmac-sig-request@python.org). |
|
e8bd430cd357
Final text for beta2 release. Hopefully no pre-1.4 information is left.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
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|
807 |
|
e8bd430cd357
Final text for beta2 release. Hopefully no pre-1.4 information is left.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
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changeset
|
808 Of course, there are also binary distributions available for these |
|
15986
bd5aee6b8390
Updated for 2.1; removed references to BeOpen.com and PythonLabs.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
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15546
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|
809 platforms -- see http://www.python.org/. |
|
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Final text for beta2 release. Hopefully no pre-1.4 information is left.
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parents:
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|
810 |
|
e8bd430cd357
Final text for beta2 release. Hopefully no pre-1.4 information is left.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
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changeset
|
811 To port Python to a new non-UNIX system, you will have to fake the |
|
e8bd430cd357
Final text for beta2 release. Hopefully no pre-1.4 information is left.
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|
812 effect of running the configure script manually (for Mac and PC, this |
|
e8bd430cd357
Final text for beta2 release. Hopefully no pre-1.4 information is left.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
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changeset
|
813 has already been done for you). A good start is to copy the file |
|
1748
8286a662502b
Merge alpha100 branch back to main trunk
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|
814 config.h.in to config.h and edit the latter to reflect the actual |
|
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|
815 configuration of your system. Most symbols must simply be defined as |
|
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|
816 1 only if the corresponding feature is present and can be left alone |
|
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Removed all instances of RETSIGTYPE from the source code: signal
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|
817 otherwise; however the *_t type symbols must be defined as some variant |
|
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|
818 of int if they need to be defined at all. |
|
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819 |
| 1453 | 820 |
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821 |
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822 Miscellaneous issues |
|
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823 ==================== |
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824 |
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825 Emacs mode |
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|
826 ---------- |
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827 |
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828 There's an excellent Emacs editing mode for Python code; see the file |
|
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Ready for the release, I'd say.
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829 Misc/python-mode.el. Originally written by the famous Tim Peters, it |
|
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830 is now maintained by the equally famous Barry Warsaw (it's no |
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831 coincidence that they now both work on the same team). The latest |
| 14367 | 832 version, along with various other contributed Python-related Emacs |
|
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833 goodies, is online at http://www.python.org/emacs/python-mode. And |
| 14367 | 834 if you are planning to edit the Python C code, please pick up the |
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|
835 latest version of CC Mode http://www.python.org/emacs/cc-mode; it |
| 14367 | 836 contains a "python" style used throughout most of the Python C source |
| 837 files. (Newer versions of Emacs or XEmacs may already come with the | |
| 838 latest version of python-mode.) | |
|
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839 |
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840 |
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841 The Tk interface |
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842 ---------------- |
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843 |
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844 Tk (the user interface component of John Ousterhout's Tcl language) is |
|
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845 also usable from Python. Since this requires that you first build and |
|
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Clarify that the Tk interface is not enabled by default when building
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
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|
846 install Tcl/Tk, the Tk interface is not enabled by default when |
|
95b20019b711
Clarify that the Tk interface is not enabled by default when building
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|
847 building Python from source. Python supports Tcl/Tk version 8.0 and |
|
95b20019b711
Clarify that the Tk interface is not enabled by default when building
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|
848 higher. |
|
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849 |
|
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850 See http://dev.ajubasolutions.com/ for more info on Tcl/Tk, including |
|
c6fd6ffbcb15
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|
851 the on-line manual pages. |
|
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852 |
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853 |
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854 To enable the Python/Tk interface, once you've built and installed |
|
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855 Tcl/Tk, load the file Modules/Setup into your favorite text editor and |
|
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856 search for the string "_tkinter". Then follow the instructions found |
|
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Revamped README for release of 1.5b1.
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857 there. If you have installed Tcl/Tk or X11 in unusual places, you |
|
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|
858 will have to edit the first line to fix or add the -I and -L options. |
|
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859 (Also see the general instructions at the top of that file.) |
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860 |
|
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|
861 For more Tkinter information, see the Tkinter Resource page: |
|
c6fd6ffbcb15
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862 http://www.python.org/topics/tkinter/ |
|
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b854ca4605e1
Ready for the release, I'd say.
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863 |
|
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864 There are demos in the Demo/tkinter directory, in the subdirectories |
|
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|
865 guido, matt and www (the matt and guido subdirectories have been |
|
e8bd430cd357
Final text for beta2 release. Hopefully no pre-1.4 information is left.
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|
866 overhauled to use more recent Tkinter coding conventions). |
|
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|
867 |
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|
868 Note that there's a Python module called "Tkinter" (capital T) which |
| 14367 | 869 lives in Lib/lib-tk/Tkinter.py, and a C module called "_tkinter" |
|
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|
870 (lower case t and leading underscore) which lives in |
|
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|
871 Modules/_tkinter.c. Demos and normal Tk applications import only the |
|
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|
872 Python Tkinter module -- the latter uses the C _tkinter module |
|
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|
873 directly. In order to find the C _tkinter module, it must be compiled |
|
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|
874 and linked into the Python interpreter -- the _tkinter line in the |
|
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|
875 Setup file does this. In order to find the Python Tkinter module, |
|
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|
876 sys.path must be set correctly -- the TKPATH assignment in the Setup |
|
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|
877 file takes care of this, but only if you install Python properly |
|
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|
878 ("make install libinstall"). (You can also use dynamic loading for |
|
e8bd430cd357
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parents:
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|
879 the C _tkinter module, in which case you must manually fix up sys.path |
|
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|
880 or set $PYTHONPATH for the Python Tkinter module.) |
| 3008 | 881 |
|
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|
882 |
|
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|
883 Distribution structure |
|
8286a662502b
Merge alpha100 branch back to main trunk
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|
884 ---------------------- |
|
8286a662502b
Merge alpha100 branch back to main trunk
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|
885 |
|
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|
886 Most subdirectories have their own README files. Most files have |
|
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Merge alpha100 branch back to main trunk
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|
887 comments. |
| 1453 | 888 |
| 14367 | 889 .cvsignore Additional filename matching patterns for CVS to ignore |
| 890 BeOS/ Files specific to the BeOS port | |
|
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|
891 Demo/ Demonstration scripts, modules and programs |
| 14367 | 892 Doc/ Documentation sources (LaTeX) |
|
3922
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|
893 Grammar/ Input for the parser generator |
|
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|
894 Include/ Public header files |
| 14367 | 895 LICENSE Licensing information |
|
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|
896 Lib/ Python library modules |
|
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|
897 Makefile.pre.in Source from which config.status creates the Makefile.pre |
|
6448
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898 Misc/ Miscellaneous useful files |
|
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899 Modules/ Implementation of most built-in modules |
|
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900 Objects/ Implementation of most built-in object types |
| 14367 | 901 PC/ Files specific to PC ports (DOS, Windows, OS/2) |
| 902 PCbuild/ Build directory for Microsoft Visual C++ | |
|
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|
903 Parser/ The parser and tokenizer and their input handling |
|
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|
904 Python/ The byte-compiler and interpreter |
|
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|
905 README The file you're reading now |
|
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|
906 Tools/ Some useful programs written in Python |
| 14367 | 907 acconfig.h Additional input for the GNU autoheader program |
| 908 config.h.in Source from which config.h is created (GNU autoheader output) | |
|
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|
909 configure Configuration shell script (GNU autoconf output) |
| 14367 | 910 configure.in Configuration specification (input for GNU autoconf) |
|
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|
911 install-sh Shell script used to install files |
|
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912 |
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913 The following files will (may) be created in the toplevel directory by |
|
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914 the configuration and build processes: |
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915 |
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|
916 Makefile Build rules |
|
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917 Makefile.pre Build rules before running Modules/makesetup |
| 14367 | 918 buildno Keeps track of the build number |
| 919 config.cache Cache of configuration variables | |
|
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920 config.h Configuration header |
|
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Ready for the release, I'd say.
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|
921 config.log Log from last configure run |
|
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922 config.status Status from last run of the configure script |
| 14367 | 923 getbuildinfo.o Object file from Modules/getbuildinfo.c |
|
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924 libpython<version>.a The library archive |
|
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925 python The executable interpreter |
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|
926 tags, TAGS Tags files for vi and Emacs |
| 1453 | 927 |
|
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928 |
| 14367 | 929 That's all, folks! |
| 930 ------------------ | |
|
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931 |
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932 |
|
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933 --Guido van Rossum (home page: http://www.python.org/~guido/) |
