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remove mention of old ctypes version
author Benjamin Peterson <benjamin@python.org>
date Sat, 23 May 2009 20:59:09 +0000
parents 1d8f24d40c2c
children bab3e3cd76f1
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1 .. highlightlang:: c
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2
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3 .. _string-conversion:
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4
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5 String conversion and formatting
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6 ================================
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7
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8 Functions for number conversion and formatted string output.
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9
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10
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11 .. cfunction:: int PyOS_snprintf(char *str, size_t size, const char *format, ...)
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12
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13 Output not more than *size* bytes to *str* according to the format string
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14 *format* and the extra arguments. See the Unix man page :manpage:`snprintf(2)`.
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16
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17 .. cfunction:: int PyOS_vsnprintf(char *str, size_t size, const char *format, va_list va)
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18
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19 Output not more than *size* bytes to *str* according to the format string
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20 *format* and the variable argument list *va*. Unix man page
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21 :manpage:`vsnprintf(2)`.
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22
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23 :cfunc:`PyOS_snprintf` and :cfunc:`PyOS_vsnprintf` wrap the Standard C library
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24 functions :cfunc:`snprintf` and :cfunc:`vsnprintf`. Their purpose is to
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25 guarantee consistent behavior in corner cases, which the Standard C functions do
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26 not.
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27
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28 The wrappers ensure that *str*[*size*-1] is always ``'\0'`` upon return. They
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29 never write more than *size* bytes (including the trailing ``'\0'`` into str.
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30 Both functions require that ``str != NULL``, ``size > 0`` and ``format !=
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31 NULL``.
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32
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33 If the platform doesn't have :cfunc:`vsnprintf` and the buffer size needed to
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34 avoid truncation exceeds *size* by more than 512 bytes, Python aborts with a
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35 *Py_FatalError*.
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36
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37 The return value (*rv*) for these functions should be interpreted as follows:
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38
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39 * When ``0 <= rv < size``, the output conversion was successful and *rv*
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40 characters were written to *str* (excluding the trailing ``'\0'`` byte at
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41 *str*[*rv*]).
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42
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43 * When ``rv >= size``, the output conversion was truncated and a buffer with
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44 ``rv + 1`` bytes would have been needed to succeed. *str*[*size*-1] is ``'\0'``
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45 in this case.
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46
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47 * When ``rv < 0``, "something bad happened." *str*[*size*-1] is ``'\0'`` in
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48 this case too, but the rest of *str* is undefined. The exact cause of the error
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49 depends on the underlying platform.
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50
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51 The following functions provide locale-independent string to number conversions.
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52
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53
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54 .. cfunction:: double PyOS_ascii_strtod(const char *nptr, char **endptr)
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55
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56 Convert a string to a :ctype:`double`. This function behaves like the Standard C
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57 function :cfunc:`strtod` does in the C locale. It does this without changing the
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58 current locale, since that would not be thread-safe.
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59
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60 :cfunc:`PyOS_ascii_strtod` should typically be used for reading configuration
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61 files or other non-user input that should be locale independent.
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62
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63 .. versionadded:: 2.4
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64
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65 See the Unix man page :manpage:`strtod(2)` for details.
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66
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67
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68 .. cfunction:: char* PyOS_ascii_formatd(char *buffer, size_t buf_len, const char *format, double d)
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69
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70 Convert a :ctype:`double` to a string using the ``'.'`` as the decimal
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71 separator. *format* is a :cfunc:`printf`\ -style format string specifying the
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72 number format. Allowed conversion characters are ``'e'``, ``'E'``, ``'f'``,
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73 ``'F'``, ``'g'`` and ``'G'``.
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74
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75 The return value is a pointer to *buffer* with the converted string or NULL if
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76 the conversion failed.
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77
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78 .. versionadded:: 2.4
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79 .. deprecated:: 2.7
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80 This function is removed in Python 2.7 and 3.1. Use :func:`PyOS_double_to_string`
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81 instead.
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83
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84 .. cfunction:: char* PyOS_double_to_string(double val, char format_code, int precision, int flags, int *ptype)
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85
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86 Convert a :ctype:`double` *val* to a string using supplied
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87 *format_code*, *precision*, and *flags*.
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88
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89 *format_code* must be one of ``'e'``, ``'E'``, ``'f'``, ``'F'``,
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90 ``'g'``, ``'G'`` or ``'r'``. For ``'r'``, the supplied *precision*
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91 must be 0 and is ignored. The ``'r'`` format code specifies the
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92 standard :func:`repr` format.
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93
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94 *flags* can be zero or more of the values *Py_DTSF_SIGN*,
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95 *Py_DTSF_ADD_DOT_0*, or *Py_DTSF_ALT*, or-ed together:
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96
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97 * *Py_DTSF_SIGN* means to always precede the returned string with a sign
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98 character, even if *val* is non-negative.
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99
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100 * *Py_DTSF_ADD_DOT_0* means to ensure that the returned string will not look
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101 like an integer.
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102
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103 * *Py_DTSF_ALT* means to apply "alternate" formatting rules. See the
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104 documentation for the :cfunc:`PyOS_snprintf` ``'#'`` specifier for
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105 details.
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106
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107 If *ptype* is non-NULL, then the value it points to will be set to one of
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108 *Py_DTST_FINITE*, *Py_DTST_INFINITE*, or *Py_DTST_NAN*, signifying that
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109 *val* is a finite number, an infinite number, or not a number, respectively.
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110
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111 The return value is a pointer to *buffer* with the converted string or
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112 *NULL* if the conversion failed. The caller is responsible for freeing the
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113 returned string by calling :cfunc:`PyMem_Free`.
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114
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115 .. versionadded:: 2.7
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118 .. cfunction:: double PyOS_ascii_atof(const char *nptr)
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119
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120 Convert a string to a :ctype:`double` in a locale-independent way.
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121
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122 .. versionadded:: 2.4
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123
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124 See the Unix man page :manpage:`atof(2)` for details.
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125
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127 .. cfunction:: char* PyOS_stricmp(char *s1, char *s2)
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129 Case insensitive comparison of strings. The function works almost
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130 identically to :cfunc:`strcmp` except that it ignores the case.
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132 .. versionadded:: 2.6
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134
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1c2d11a7eb23 Mostly formatting nits, and "and-ed together" -> "or-ed together" flags.
Georg Brandl <georg@python.org>
parents: 53442
diff changeset
135 .. cfunction:: char* PyOS_strnicmp(char *s1, char *s2, Py_ssize_t size)
44797
ec02dbe6b051 Missed one big file to split up.
Georg Brandl <georg@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
136
47937
38d3a50defec fix various doc typos #3320
Benjamin Peterson <benjamin@python.org>
parents: 44797
diff changeset
137 Case insensitive comparison of strings. The function works almost
38d3a50defec fix various doc typos #3320
Benjamin Peterson <benjamin@python.org>
parents: 44797
diff changeset
138 identically to :cfunc:`strncmp` except that it ignores the case.
44797
ec02dbe6b051 Missed one big file to split up.
Georg Brandl <georg@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
139
ec02dbe6b051 Missed one big file to split up.
Georg Brandl <georg@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
140 .. versionadded:: 2.6