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annotate Doc/library/cmd.rst @ 54294:dba767bc3155 legacy-trunk

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remove mention of old ctypes version
author Benjamin Peterson <benjamin@python.org>
date Sat, 23 May 2009 20:59:09 +0000
parents af3685fa9ca9
children 595676e466c0
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2 :mod:`cmd` --- Support for line-oriented command interpreters
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3 =============================================================
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4
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5 .. module:: cmd
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6 :synopsis: Build line-oriented command interpreters.
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7 .. sectionauthor:: Eric S. Raymond <esr@snark.thyrsus.com>
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10 The :class:`Cmd` class provides a simple framework for writing line-oriented
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11 command interpreters. These are often useful for test harnesses, administrative
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12 tools, and prototypes that will later be wrapped in a more sophisticated
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13 interface.
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16 .. class:: Cmd([completekey[, stdin[, stdout]]])
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17
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18 A :class:`Cmd` instance or subclass instance is a line-oriented interpreter
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19 framework. There is no good reason to instantiate :class:`Cmd` itself; rather,
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20 it's useful as a superclass of an interpreter class you define yourself in order
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21 to inherit :class:`Cmd`'s methods and encapsulate action methods.
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22
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23 The optional argument *completekey* is the :mod:`readline` name of a completion
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24 key; it defaults to :kbd:`Tab`. If *completekey* is not :const:`None` and
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25 :mod:`readline` is available, command completion is done automatically.
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26
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27 The optional arguments *stdin* and *stdout* specify the input and output file
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28 objects that the Cmd instance or subclass instance will use for input and
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29 output. If not specified, they will default to :data:`sys.stdin` and
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30 :data:`sys.stdout`.
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31
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32 If you want a given *stdin* to be used, make sure to set the instance's
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33 :attr:`use_rawinput` attribute to ``False``, otherwise *stdin* will be
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34 ignored.
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36 .. versionchanged:: 2.3
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37 The *stdin* and *stdout* parameters were added.
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40 .. _cmd-objects:
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41
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42 Cmd Objects
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43 -----------
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44
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45 A :class:`Cmd` instance has the following methods:
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48 .. method:: Cmd.cmdloop([intro])
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49
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50 Repeatedly issue a prompt, accept input, parse an initial prefix off the
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51 received input, and dispatch to action methods, passing them the remainder of
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52 the line as argument.
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53
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54 The optional argument is a banner or intro string to be issued before the first
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55 prompt (this overrides the :attr:`intro` class member).
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56
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57 If the :mod:`readline` module is loaded, input will automatically inherit
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58 :program:`bash`\ -like history-list editing (e.g. :kbd:`Control-P` scrolls back
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59 to the last command, :kbd:`Control-N` forward to the next one, :kbd:`Control-F`
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60 moves the cursor to the right non-destructively, :kbd:`Control-B` moves the
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61 cursor to the left non-destructively, etc.).
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62
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63 An end-of-file on input is passed back as the string ``'EOF'``.
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64
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65 An interpreter instance will recognize a command name ``foo`` if and only if it
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66 has a method :meth:`do_foo`. As a special case, a line beginning with the
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67 character ``'?'`` is dispatched to the method :meth:`do_help`. As another
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68 special case, a line beginning with the character ``'!'`` is dispatched to the
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69 method :meth:`do_shell` (if such a method is defined).
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70
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71 This method will return when the :meth:`postcmd` method returns a true value.
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72 The *stop* argument to :meth:`postcmd` is the return value from the command's
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73 corresponding :meth:`do_\*` method.
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74
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75 If completion is enabled, completing commands will be done automatically, and
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76 completing of commands args is done by calling :meth:`complete_foo` with
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77 arguments *text*, *line*, *begidx*, and *endidx*. *text* is the string prefix
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78 we are attempting to match: all returned matches must begin with it. *line* is
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79 the current input line with leading whitespace removed, *begidx* and *endidx*
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80 are the beginning and ending indexes of the prefix text, which could be used to
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81 provide different completion depending upon which position the argument is in.
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82
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83 All subclasses of :class:`Cmd` inherit a predefined :meth:`do_help`. This
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84 method, called with an argument ``'bar'``, invokes the corresponding method
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85 :meth:`help_bar`. With no argument, :meth:`do_help` lists all available help
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86 topics (that is, all commands with corresponding :meth:`help_\*` methods), and
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87 also lists any undocumented commands.
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88
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89
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90 .. method:: Cmd.onecmd(str)
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91
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92 Interpret the argument as though it had been typed in response to the prompt.
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93 This may be overridden, but should not normally need to be; see the
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94 :meth:`precmd` and :meth:`postcmd` methods for useful execution hooks. The
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95 return value is a flag indicating whether interpretation of commands by the
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96 interpreter should stop. If there is a :meth:`do_\*` method for the command
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97 *str*, the return value of that method is returned, otherwise the return value
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98 from the :meth:`default` method is returned.
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99
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100
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101 .. method:: Cmd.emptyline()
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102
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103 Method called when an empty line is entered in response to the prompt. If this
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104 method is not overridden, it repeats the last nonempty command entered.
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105
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106
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107 .. method:: Cmd.default(line)
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108
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109 Method called on an input line when the command prefix is not recognized. If
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110 this method is not overridden, it prints an error message and returns.
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111
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112
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113 .. method:: Cmd.completedefault(text, line, begidx, endidx)
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114
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115 Method called to complete an input line when no command-specific
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116 :meth:`complete_\*` method is available. By default, it returns an empty list.
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117
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118
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119 .. method:: Cmd.precmd(line)
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120
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121 Hook method executed just before the command line *line* is interpreted, but
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122 after the input prompt is generated and issued. This method is a stub in
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123 :class:`Cmd`; it exists to be overridden by subclasses. The return value is
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124 used as the command which will be executed by the :meth:`onecmd` method; the
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125 :meth:`precmd` implementation may re-write the command or simply return *line*
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126 unchanged.
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127
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128
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129 .. method:: Cmd.postcmd(stop, line)
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130
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131 Hook method executed just after a command dispatch is finished. This method is
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132 a stub in :class:`Cmd`; it exists to be overridden by subclasses. *line* is the
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133 command line which was executed, and *stop* is a flag which indicates whether
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134 execution will be terminated after the call to :meth:`postcmd`; this will be the
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135 return value of the :meth:`onecmd` method. The return value of this method will
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136 be used as the new value for the internal flag which corresponds to *stop*;
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137 returning false will cause interpretation to continue.
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138
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139
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140 .. method:: Cmd.preloop()
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141
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142 Hook method executed once when :meth:`cmdloop` is called. This method is a stub
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143 in :class:`Cmd`; it exists to be overridden by subclasses.
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144
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145
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146 .. method:: Cmd.postloop()
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147
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148 Hook method executed once when :meth:`cmdloop` is about to return. This method
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149 is a stub in :class:`Cmd`; it exists to be overridden by subclasses.
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150
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151 Instances of :class:`Cmd` subclasses have some public instance variables:
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152
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153
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154 .. attribute:: Cmd.prompt
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155
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156 The prompt issued to solicit input.
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157
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158
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159 .. attribute:: Cmd.identchars
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160
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161 The string of characters accepted for the command prefix.
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162
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163
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164 .. attribute:: Cmd.lastcmd
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165
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166 The last nonempty command prefix seen.
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167
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168
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169 .. attribute:: Cmd.intro
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170
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171 A string to issue as an intro or banner. May be overridden by giving the
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172 :meth:`cmdloop` method an argument.
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173
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174
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175 .. attribute:: Cmd.doc_header
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176
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177 The header to issue if the help output has a section for documented commands.
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178
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179
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180 .. attribute:: Cmd.misc_header
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181
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182 The header to issue if the help output has a section for miscellaneous help
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183 topics (that is, there are :meth:`help_\*` methods without corresponding
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184 :meth:`do_\*` methods).
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185
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186
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187 .. attribute:: Cmd.undoc_header
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188
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189 The header to issue if the help output has a section for undocumented commands
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190 (that is, there are :meth:`do_\*` methods without corresponding :meth:`help_\*`
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191 methods).
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192
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193
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194 .. attribute:: Cmd.ruler
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195
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196 The character used to draw separator lines under the help-message headers. If
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197 empty, no ruler line is drawn. It defaults to ``'='``.
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198
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199
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200 .. attribute:: Cmd.use_rawinput
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201
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202 A flag, defaulting to true. If true, :meth:`cmdloop` uses :func:`raw_input` to
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203 display a prompt and read the next command; if false, :meth:`sys.stdout.write`
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204 and :meth:`sys.stdin.readline` are used. (This means that by importing
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205 :mod:`readline`, on systems that support it, the interpreter will automatically
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206 support :program:`Emacs`\ -like line editing and command-history keystrokes.)
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207