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remove mention of old ctypes version
author Benjamin Peterson <benjamin@python.org>
date Sat, 23 May 2009 20:59:09 +0000
parents 1eebb647310f
children 986709c24531
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1 ============
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2 MacOSX Notes
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3 ============
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4
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5 This document provides a quick overview of some Mac OS X specific features in
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6 the Python distribution.
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7
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8
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9 Building and using a universal binary of Python on Mac OS X
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10 ===========================================================
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11
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12 1. What is a universal binary
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13 -----------------------------
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14
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15 A universal binary build of Python contains object code for both PPC and i386
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16 and can therefore run at native speed on both classic powerpc based macs and
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17 the newer intel based macs.
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18
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19 2. How do I build a universal binary
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20 ------------------------------------
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21
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22 You can enable universal binaries by specifying the "--enable-universalsdk"
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23 flag to configure::
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24
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25 $ ./configure --enable-universalsdk
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26 $ make
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27 $ make install
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28
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29 This flag can be used a framework build of python, but also with a classic
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30 unix build. Either way you will have to build python on Mac OS X 10.4 (or later)
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31 with Xcode 2.1 (or later). You also have to install the 10.4u SDK when
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32 installing Xcode.
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33
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34
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35 Building and using a framework-based Python on Mac OS X.
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36 ========================================================
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37
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38
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39 1. Why would I want a framework Python instead of a normal static Python?
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40 --------------------------------------------------------------------------
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41
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42 The main reason is because you want to create GUI programs in Python. With the
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43 exception of X11/XDarwin-based GUI toolkits all GUI programs need to be run
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44 from a fullblown MacOSX application (a ".app" bundle).
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45
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46 While it is technically possible to create a .app without using frameworks you
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47 will have to do the work yourself if you really want this.
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48
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49 A second reason for using frameworks is that they put Python-related items in
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50 only two places: "/Library/Framework/Python.framework" and
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51 "/Applications/MacPython 2.6". This simplifies matters for users installing
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52 Python from a binary distribution if they want to get rid of it again. Moreover,
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53 due to the way frameworks work a user without admin privileges can install a
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54 binary distribution in his or her home directory without recompilation.
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55
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56 2. How does a framework Python differ from a normal static Python?
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57 ------------------------------------------------------------------
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58
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59 In everyday use there is no difference, except that things are stored in
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60 a different place. If you look in /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework
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61 you will see lots of relative symlinks, see the Apple documentation for
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62 details. If you are used to a normal unix Python file layout go down to
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63 Versions/Current and you will see the familiar bin and lib directories.
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64
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65 3. Do I need extra packages?
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66 ----------------------------
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67
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68 Yes, probably. If you want Tkinter support you need to get the OSX AquaTk
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69 distribution, this is installed by default on Mac OS X 10.4 or later. If
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70 you want wxPython you need to get that. If you want Cocoa you need to get
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71 PyObjC.
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72
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73 4. How do I build a framework Python?
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74 -------------------------------------
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75
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76 This directory contains a Makefile that will create a couple of python-related
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77 applications (fullblown OSX .app applications, that is) in
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78 "/Applications/MacPython 2.6", and a hidden helper application Python.app
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79 inside the Python.framework, and unix tools "python" and "pythonw" into
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80 /usr/local/bin. In addition it has a target "installmacsubtree" that installs
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81 the relevant portions of the Mac subtree into the Python.framework.
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82
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83 It is normally invoked indirectly through the main Makefile, as the last step
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84 in the sequence
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85
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86 1. ./configure --enable-framework
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87
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88 2. make
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89
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90 3. make install
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91
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92 This sequence will put the framework in /Library/Framework/Python.framework,
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93 the applications in "/Applications/MacPython 2.6" and the unix tools in
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94 /usr/local/bin.
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95
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96 Installing in another place, for instance $HOME/Library/Frameworks if you have
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97 no admin privileges on your machine, has only been tested very lightly. This
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98 can be done by configuring with --enable-framework=$HOME/Library/Frameworks.
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99 The other two directories, "/Applications/MacPython-2.6" and /usr/local/bin,
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100 will then also be deposited in $HOME. This is sub-optimal for the unix tools,
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101 which you would want in $HOME/bin, but there is no easy way to fix this right
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102 now.
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103
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104 If you want to install some part, but not all, read the main Makefile. The
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105 frameworkinstall is composed of a couple of sub-targets that install the
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106 framework itself, the Mac subtree, the applications and the unix tools.
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107
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108 There is an extra target frameworkinstallextras that is not part of the
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109 normal frameworkinstall which installs the Demo and Tools directories
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110 into "/Applications/MacPython 2.6", this is useful for binary distributions.
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111
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112 What do all these programs do?
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113 ===============================
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114
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115 "IDLE.app" is an integrated development environment for Python: editor,
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116 debugger, etc.
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117
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118 "PythonLauncher.app" is a helper application that will handle things when you
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119 double-click a .py, .pyc or .pyw file. For the first two it creates a Terminal
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120 window and runs the scripts with the normal command-line Python. For the
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121 latter it runs the script in the Python.app interpreter so the script can do
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122 GUI-things. Keep the "alt" key depressed while dragging or double-clicking a
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123 script to set runtime options. These options can be set once and for all
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124 through PythonLauncher's preferences dialog.
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125
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126 "BuildApplet.app" creates an applet from a Python script. Drop the script on it
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127 and out comes a full-featured MacOS application. There is much more to this,
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128 to be supplied later. Some useful (but outdated) info can be found in
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129 Mac/Demo.
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130
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131 The commandline scripts /usr/local/bin/python and pythonw can be used to run
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132 non-GUI and GUI python scripts from the command line, respectively.
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133
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134 How do I create a binary distribution?
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135 ======================================
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136
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137 Go to the directory "Mac/OSX/BuildScript". There you'll find a script
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138 "build-installer.py" that does all the work. This will download and build
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139 a number of 3th-party libaries, configures and builds a framework Python,
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140 installs it, creates the installer pacakge files and then packs this in a
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141 DMG image.
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142
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143 The script will build a universal binary, you'll therefore have to run this
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144 script on Mac OS X 10.4 or later and with Xcode 2.1 or later installed.
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145
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146 All of this is normally done completely isolated in /tmp/_py, so it does not
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147 use your normal build directory nor does it install into /.
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148
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149 Because of the way the script locates the files it needs you have to run it
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150 from within the BuildScript directory. The script accepts a number of
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151 command-line arguments, run it with --help for more information.
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152
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153 Odds and ends
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154 =============
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155
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156 Something to take note of is that the ".rsrc" files in the distribution are
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157 not actually resource files, they're AppleSingle encoded resource files. The
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158 macresource module and the Mac/OSX/Makefile cater for this, and create
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159 ".rsrc.df.rsrc" files on the fly that are normal datafork-based resource
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160 files.
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161
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162 Jack Jansen, Jack.Jansen@cwi.nl, 15-Jul-2004.
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163 Ronald Oussoren, RonaldOussoren@mac.com, 26-May-2006