cpython-lru_cache-weakref: Lib/random.py annotate

annotate Lib/random.py @ 84007:dbfbdf2b5c19 3.3

Fix #17967: For ftp urls CWD to target instead of hopping to each directory towards target. This fixes a bug where target is accessible, but parent directories are restricted.

author	Senthil Kumaran <senthil@uthcode.com>
date	Sat, 01 Jun 2013 08:27:06 -0700
parents	e948154af406
children	4d62a62ba44d 39bbbf5d7b01

rev	line source
11707 6f4146846337 The third and final doc-string sweep by Ka-Ping Yee. Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 11200 diff changeset	1 """Random variable generators.
6f4146846337 The third and final doc-string sweep by Ka-Ping Yee. Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 11200 diff changeset	2
16242 3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	3 integers
3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	4 --------
3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	5 uniform within range
3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	6
3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	7 sequences
3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	8 ---------
3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	9 pick random element
26155 8ceb455f5541 SF patch 629637: Add sample(population, k) method to the random module. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 24861 diff changeset	10 pick random sample
16242 3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	11 generate random permutation
3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	12
11707 6f4146846337 The third and final doc-string sweep by Ka-Ping Yee. Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 11200 diff changeset	13 distributions on the real line:
6f4146846337 The third and final doc-string sweep by Ka-Ping Yee. Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 11200 diff changeset	14 ------------------------------
16242 3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	15 uniform
46034 0a485593ae1c Merged revisions 61724-61725,61731-61735,61737,61739,61741,61743-61744,61753,61761,61765-61767,61769,61773,61776-61778,61780-61783,61788,61793,61796,61807,61813 via svnmerge from Christian Heimes <christian@cheimes.de> parents: 44665 diff changeset	16 triangular
11707 6f4146846337 The third and final doc-string sweep by Ka-Ping Yee. Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 11200 diff changeset	17 normal (Gaussian)
6f4146846337 The third and final doc-string sweep by Ka-Ping Yee. Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 11200 diff changeset	18 lognormal
6f4146846337 The third and final doc-string sweep by Ka-Ping Yee. Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 11200 diff changeset	19 negative exponential
6f4146846337 The third and final doc-string sweep by Ka-Ping Yee. Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 11200 diff changeset	20 gamma
6f4146846337 The third and final doc-string sweep by Ka-Ping Yee. Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 11200 diff changeset	21 beta
26829 f64c96922708 SF patch 658251: Install a C implementation of the Mersenne Twister as the Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 26564 diff changeset	22 pareto
f64c96922708 SF patch 658251: Install a C implementation of the Mersenne Twister as the Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 26564 diff changeset	23 Weibull
1575 45728bfecb76 Random variable generators Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: diff changeset	24
11707 6f4146846337 The third and final doc-string sweep by Ka-Ping Yee. Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 11200 diff changeset	25 distributions on the circle (angles 0 to 2pi)
6f4146846337 The third and final doc-string sweep by Ka-Ping Yee. Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 11200 diff changeset	26 ---------------------------------------------
6f4146846337 The third and final doc-string sweep by Ka-Ping Yee. Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 11200 diff changeset	27 circular uniform
6f4146846337 The third and final doc-string sweep by Ka-Ping Yee. Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 11200 diff changeset	28 von Mises
1575 45728bfecb76 Random variable generators Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: diff changeset	29
26829 f64c96922708 SF patch 658251: Install a C implementation of the Mersenne Twister as the Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 26564 diff changeset	30 General notes on the underlying Mersenne Twister core generator:
16272 835e9dd54bfb The combo of getstate/setstate/jumpahead is very powerful, but needs Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 16271 diff changeset	31
26829 f64c96922708 SF patch 658251: Install a C implementation of the Mersenne Twister as the Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 26564 diff changeset	32 * The period is 2**19937-1.
39442 654c380cf8b9 Merged revisions 46753-51188 via svnmerge from Thomas Wouters <thomas@python.org> parents: 37879 diff changeset	33 * It is one of the most extensively tested generators in existence.
654c380cf8b9 Merged revisions 46753-51188 via svnmerge from Thomas Wouters <thomas@python.org> parents: 37879 diff changeset	34 * The random() method is implemented in C, executes in a single Python step,
654c380cf8b9 Merged revisions 46753-51188 via svnmerge from Thomas Wouters <thomas@python.org> parents: 37879 diff changeset	35 and is, therefore, threadsafe.
16272 835e9dd54bfb The combo of getstate/setstate/jumpahead is very powerful, but needs Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 16271 diff changeset	36
11707 6f4146846337 The third and final doc-string sweep by Ka-Ping Yee. Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 11200 diff changeset	37 """
16242 3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	38
30649 8841d34a2c37 SF bug #812202: randint is always even Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 30346 diff changeset	39 from warnings import warn as _warn
8841d34a2c37 SF bug #812202: randint is always even Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 30346 diff changeset	40 from types import MethodType as _MethodType, BuiltinMethodType as _BuiltinMethodType
35359 c5bf5685267b Implement random.sample() using sets instead of dicts. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 34942 diff changeset	41 from math import log as _log, exp as _exp, pi as _pi, e as _e, ceil as _ceil
16242 3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	42 from math import sqrt as _sqrt, acos as _acos, cos as _cos, sin as _sin
33409 8e23bd3d5b1a Fulfill Martin's request to use try/except rather than a "look before Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 33399 diff changeset	43 from os import urandom as _urandom
68112 7f8da10bfcef Fix imports from collections.abc Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 66786 diff changeset	44 from collections.abc import Set as _Set, Sequence as _Sequence
66786 f4f56efa2870 Update whatsnew. Salt the random number seed. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 64569 diff changeset	45 from hashlib import sha512 as _sha512
8455 af9273b1073a Make gauss() semi-thread-safe. It can still give duplicate results, Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 8393 diff changeset	46
26155 8ceb455f5541 SF patch 629637: Add sample(population, k) method to the random module. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 24861 diff changeset	47 __all__ = ["Random","seed","random","uniform","randint","choice","sample",
16613 f68dbffff927 bunch more __all__ lists Skip Montanaro <skip@pobox.com> parents: 16386 diff changeset	48 "randrange","shuffle","normalvariate","lognormvariate",
46034 0a485593ae1c Merged revisions 61724-61725,61731-61735,61737,61739,61741,61743-61744,61753,61761,61765-61767,61769,61773,61776-61778,61780-61783,61788,61793,61796,61807,61813 via svnmerge from Christian Heimes <christian@cheimes.de> parents: 44665 diff changeset	49 "expovariate","vonmisesvariate","gammavariate","triangular",
30068 171814f5dcc6 Removed deprecated functions Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 29586 diff changeset	50 "gauss","betavariate","paretovariate","weibullvariate",
44662 c25760c21397 Remove defunct parts of the random module Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 44129 diff changeset	51 "getstate","setstate", "getrandbits",
33481 eacdc29606d8 SF #1027105: HardwareRandom should be renamed OSRandom Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 33409 diff changeset	52 "SystemRandom"]
1575 45728bfecb76 Random variable generators Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: diff changeset	53
16242 3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	54 NV_MAGICCONST = 4 * _exp(-0.5)/_sqrt(2.0)
3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	55 TWOPI = 2.0*_pi
3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	56 LOG4 = _log(4.0)
3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	57 SG_MAGICCONST = 1.0 + _log(4.5)
30649 8841d34a2c37 SF bug #812202: randint is always even Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 30346 diff changeset	58 BPF = 53 # Number of bits in a float
33350 c44f083465f9 HardwareRandom: Go back to multiplying by 2*-BPF instead of using Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com>* parents: 33349 diff changeset	59 RECIP_BPF = 2**-BPF
8393 7669ddf0e7d4 Add Interfaces to replace remaining needs for importing whrandom. Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 7881 diff changeset	60
33329 97fca735c8da Teach the random module about os.urandom(). Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 32287 diff changeset	61
16242 3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	62 # Translated by Guido van Rossum from C source provided by
26829 f64c96922708 SF patch 658251: Install a C implementation of the Mersenne Twister as the Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 26564 diff changeset	63 # Adrian Baddeley. Adapted by Raymond Hettinger for use with
33349 ddba154c0e00 Take advantage of the math library's ldexp for assembling a float by Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 33329 diff changeset	64 # the Mersenne Twister and os.urandom() core generators.
16242 3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	65
27131 e87d590a5de1 Much clearer when super() is used. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 27094 diff changeset	66 import _random
26829 f64c96922708 SF patch 658251: Install a C implementation of the Mersenne Twister as the Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 26564 diff changeset	67
27131 e87d590a5de1 Much clearer when super() is used. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 27094 diff changeset	68 class Random(_random.Random):
23531 a98e93eafef7 Deprecated Random.cunifvariate clearing bug 506647. Also, added docstrings. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 23521 diff changeset	69 """Random number generator base class used by bound module functions.
a98e93eafef7 Deprecated Random.cunifvariate clearing bug 506647. Also, added docstrings. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 23521 diff changeset	70
a98e93eafef7 Deprecated Random.cunifvariate clearing bug 506647. Also, added docstrings. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 23521 diff changeset	71 Used to instantiate instances of Random to get generators that don't
44662 c25760c21397 Remove defunct parts of the random module Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 44129 diff changeset	72 share state.
23531 a98e93eafef7 Deprecated Random.cunifvariate clearing bug 506647. Also, added docstrings. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 23521 diff changeset	73
a98e93eafef7 Deprecated Random.cunifvariate clearing bug 506647. Also, added docstrings. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 23521 diff changeset	74 Class Random can also be subclassed if you want to use a different basic
a98e93eafef7 Deprecated Random.cunifvariate clearing bug 506647. Also, added docstrings. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 23521 diff changeset	75 generator of your own devising: in that case, override the following
44662 c25760c21397 Remove defunct parts of the random module Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 44129 diff changeset	76 methods: random(), seed(), getstate(), and setstate().
48596 13b2e11f3cf5 Merged revisions 65259,65263,65296,65307,65321 via svnmerge from Benjamin Peterson <benjamin@python.org> parents: 46034 diff changeset	77 Optionally, implement a getrandbits() method so that randrange()
30649 8841d34a2c37 SF bug #812202: randint is always even Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 30346 diff changeset	78 can cover arbitrarily large ranges.
23536 0a4c92559a0b Whitespace normalized. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 23531 diff changeset	79
23531 a98e93eafef7 Deprecated Random.cunifvariate clearing bug 506647. Also, added docstrings. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 23521 diff changeset	80 """
8393 7669ddf0e7d4 Add Interfaces to replace remaining needs for importing whrandom. Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 7881 diff changeset	81
44129 b637349336fd Merged revisions 59275-59303 via svnmerge from Christian Heimes <christian@cheimes.de> parents: 43020 diff changeset	82 VERSION = 3 # used by getstate/setstate
16242 3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	83
3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	84 def __init__(self, x=None):
3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	85 """Initialize an instance.
3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	86
3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	87 Optional argument x controls seeding, as for Random.seed().
3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	88 """
3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	89
3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	90 self.seed(x)
26829 f64c96922708 SF patch 658251: Install a C implementation of the Mersenne Twister as the Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 26564 diff changeset	91 self.gauss_next = None
16242 3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	92
64510 65642f085c55 Document which part of the random module module are guaranteed. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 57584 diff changeset	93 def seed(self, a=None, version=2):
16379 5f0683a69efc Change random.seed() so that it can get at the full range of possible Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 16292 diff changeset	94 """Initialize internal state from hashable object.
5f0683a69efc Change random.seed() so that it can get at the full range of possible Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 16292 diff changeset	95
33481 eacdc29606d8 SF #1027105: HardwareRandom should be renamed OSRandom Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 33409 diff changeset	96 None or no argument seeds from current time or from an operating
eacdc29606d8 SF #1027105: HardwareRandom should be renamed OSRandom Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 33409 diff changeset	97 system specific randomness source if available.
8393 7669ddf0e7d4 Add Interfaces to replace remaining needs for importing whrandom. Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 7881 diff changeset	98
77303 e2739145657d Issue #14926: fix docstring highlight Sandro Tosi <sandro.tosi@gmail.com> parents: 73503 diff changeset	99 For version 2 (the default), all of the bits are used if a is a str,
64567 b1865ca7b65c * Remove dependency on binascii.hexlify by using int.from_bytes(). Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 64553 diff changeset	100 bytes, or bytearray. For version 1, the hash() of a is used instead.
64510 65642f085c55 Document which part of the random module module are guaranteed. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 57584 diff changeset	101
64567 b1865ca7b65c * Remove dependency on binascii.hexlify by using int.from_bytes(). Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 64553 diff changeset	102 If a is an int, all bits are used.
64510 65642f085c55 Document which part of the random module module are guaranteed. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 57584 diff changeset	103
16242 3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	104 """
8393 7669ddf0e7d4 Add Interfaces to replace remaining needs for importing whrandom. Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 7881 diff changeset	105
30114 9f6e2dee1892 SF bug #778964: bad seed in python 2.3 random Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 30068 diff changeset	106 if a is None:
33409 8e23bd3d5b1a Fulfill Martin's request to use try/except rather than a "look before Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 33399 diff changeset	107 try:
64567 b1865ca7b65c * Remove dependency on binascii.hexlify by using int.from_bytes(). Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 64553 diff changeset	108 a = int.from_bytes(_urandom(32), 'big')
33409 8e23bd3d5b1a Fulfill Martin's request to use try/except rather than a "look before Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 33399 diff changeset	109 except NotImplementedError:
33329 97fca735c8da Teach the random module about os.urandom(). Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 32287 diff changeset	110 import time
40644 1c26505c1de6 Rip out 'long' and 'L'-suffixed integer literals. Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 40582 diff changeset	111 a = int(time.time() * 256) # use fractional seconds
33329 97fca735c8da Teach the random module about os.urandom(). Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 32287 diff changeset	112
66786 f4f56efa2870 Update whatsnew. Salt the random number seed. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 64569 diff changeset	113 if version == 2:
f4f56efa2870 Update whatsnew. Salt the random number seed. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 64569 diff changeset	114 if isinstance(a, (str, bytes, bytearray)):
f4f56efa2870 Update whatsnew. Salt the random number seed. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 64569 diff changeset	115 if isinstance(a, str):
69857 1a56775c6e54 Avoid codec spelling issues by just using the utf-8 default. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 69363 diff changeset	116 a = a.encode()
66786 f4f56efa2870 Update whatsnew. Salt the random number seed. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 64569 diff changeset	117 a += _sha512(a).digest()
f4f56efa2870 Update whatsnew. Salt the random number seed. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 64569 diff changeset	118 a = int.from_bytes(a, 'big')
64510 65642f085c55 Document which part of the random module module are guaranteed. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 57584 diff changeset	119
42084 229c28cb9afb Merged revisions 55817-55961 via svnmerge from Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 41642 diff changeset	120 super().seed(a)
23380 9be01b7b6c80 random.gauss() uses a piece of hidden state used by nothing else, Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 23023 diff changeset	121 self.gauss_next = None
9be01b7b6c80 random.gauss() uses a piece of hidden state used by nothing else, Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 23023 diff changeset	122
16265 d614b6e9fb4e Cosmetic changes after some sleep; no change in semantics. Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 16243 diff changeset	123 def getstate(self):
d614b6e9fb4e Cosmetic changes after some sleep; no change in semantics. Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 16243 diff changeset	124 """Return internal state; can be passed to setstate() later."""
42084 229c28cb9afb Merged revisions 55817-55961 via svnmerge from Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 41642 diff changeset	125 return self.VERSION, super().getstate(), self.gauss_next
16265 d614b6e9fb4e Cosmetic changes after some sleep; no change in semantics. Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 16243 diff changeset	126
d614b6e9fb4e Cosmetic changes after some sleep; no change in semantics. Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 16243 diff changeset	127 def setstate(self, state):
d614b6e9fb4e Cosmetic changes after some sleep; no change in semantics. Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 16243 diff changeset	128 """Restore internal state from object returned by getstate()."""
d614b6e9fb4e Cosmetic changes after some sleep; no change in semantics. Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 16243 diff changeset	129 version = state[0]
44129 b637349336fd Merged revisions 59275-59303 via svnmerge from Christian Heimes <christian@cheimes.de> parents: 43020 diff changeset	130 if version == 3:
26829 f64c96922708 SF patch 658251: Install a C implementation of the Mersenne Twister as the Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 26564 diff changeset	131 version, internalstate, self.gauss_next = state
42084 229c28cb9afb Merged revisions 55817-55961 via svnmerge from Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 41642 diff changeset	132 super().setstate(internalstate)
44129 b637349336fd Merged revisions 59275-59303 via svnmerge from Christian Heimes <christian@cheimes.de> parents: 43020 diff changeset	133 elif version == 2:
b637349336fd Merged revisions 59275-59303 via svnmerge from Christian Heimes <christian@cheimes.de> parents: 43020 diff changeset	134 version, internalstate, self.gauss_next = state
b637349336fd Merged revisions 59275-59303 via svnmerge from Christian Heimes <christian@cheimes.de> parents: 43020 diff changeset	135 # In version 2, the state was saved as signed ints, which causes
b637349336fd Merged revisions 59275-59303 via svnmerge from Christian Heimes <christian@cheimes.de> parents: 43020 diff changeset	136 # inconsistencies between 32/64-bit systems. The state is
b637349336fd Merged revisions 59275-59303 via svnmerge from Christian Heimes <christian@cheimes.de> parents: 43020 diff changeset	137 # really unsigned 32-bit ints, so we convert negative ints from
b637349336fd Merged revisions 59275-59303 via svnmerge from Christian Heimes <christian@cheimes.de> parents: 43020 diff changeset	138 # version 2 to positive longs for version 3.
b637349336fd Merged revisions 59275-59303 via svnmerge from Christian Heimes <christian@cheimes.de> parents: 43020 diff changeset	139 try:
64523 6095ea9dcff4 Fix test that depends on a particular implementation of random.choice(). Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 64517 diff changeset	140 internalstate = tuple(x % (2**32) for x in internalstate)
44129 b637349336fd Merged revisions 59275-59303 via svnmerge from Christian Heimes <christian@cheimes.de> parents: 43020 diff changeset	141 except ValueError as e:
b637349336fd Merged revisions 59275-59303 via svnmerge from Christian Heimes <christian@cheimes.de> parents: 43020 diff changeset	142 raise TypeError from e
64567 b1865ca7b65c * Remove dependency on binascii.hexlify by using int.from_bytes(). Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 64553 diff changeset	143 super().setstate(internalstate)
16265 d614b6e9fb4e Cosmetic changes after some sleep; no change in semantics. Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 16243 diff changeset	144 else:
d614b6e9fb4e Cosmetic changes after some sleep; no change in semantics. Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 16243 diff changeset	145 raise ValueError("state with version %s passed to "
d614b6e9fb4e Cosmetic changes after some sleep; no change in semantics. Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 16243 diff changeset	146 "Random.setstate() of version %s" %
d614b6e9fb4e Cosmetic changes after some sleep; no change in semantics. Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 16243 diff changeset	147 (version, self.VERSION))
d614b6e9fb4e Cosmetic changes after some sleep; no change in semantics. Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 16243 diff changeset	148
d614b6e9fb4e Cosmetic changes after some sleep; no change in semantics. Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 16243 diff changeset	149 ## ---- Methods below this point do not need to be overridden when
d614b6e9fb4e Cosmetic changes after some sleep; no change in semantics. Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 16243 diff changeset	150 ## ---- subclassing for the purpose of using a different core generator.
d614b6e9fb4e Cosmetic changes after some sleep; no change in semantics. Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 16243 diff changeset	151
d614b6e9fb4e Cosmetic changes after some sleep; no change in semantics. Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 16243 diff changeset	152 ## -------------------- pickle support -------------------
d614b6e9fb4e Cosmetic changes after some sleep; no change in semantics. Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 16243 diff changeset	153
d614b6e9fb4e Cosmetic changes after some sleep; no change in semantics. Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 16243 diff changeset	154 def __getstate__(self): # for pickle
d614b6e9fb4e Cosmetic changes after some sleep; no change in semantics. Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 16243 diff changeset	155 return self.getstate()
d614b6e9fb4e Cosmetic changes after some sleep; no change in semantics. Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 16243 diff changeset	156
d614b6e9fb4e Cosmetic changes after some sleep; no change in semantics. Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 16243 diff changeset	157 def __setstate__(self, state): # for pickle
d614b6e9fb4e Cosmetic changes after some sleep; no change in semantics. Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 16243 diff changeset	158 self.setstate(state)
d614b6e9fb4e Cosmetic changes after some sleep; no change in semantics. Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 16243 diff changeset	159
29586 8b163370372d SF bug #759889: Pickling of Random is broken Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 29539 diff changeset	160 def __reduce__(self):
8b163370372d SF bug #759889: Pickling of Random is broken Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 29539 diff changeset	161 return self.__class__, (), self.getstate()
8b163370372d SF bug #759889: Pickling of Random is broken Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 29539 diff changeset	162
16265 d614b6e9fb4e Cosmetic changes after some sleep; no change in semantics. Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 16243 diff changeset	163 ## -------------------- integer methods -------------------
d614b6e9fb4e Cosmetic changes after some sleep; no change in semantics. Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 16243 diff changeset	164
64512 c2f8418a0e14 Issues #7889, #9025 and #9379: Improvements to the random module. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 64511 diff changeset	165 def randrange(self, start, stop=None, step=1, int=int):
16242 3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	166 """Choose a random item from range(start, stop[, step]).
8393 7669ddf0e7d4 Add Interfaces to replace remaining needs for importing whrandom. Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 7881 diff changeset	167
16242 3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	168 This fixes the problem with randint() which includes the
3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	169 endpoint; in Python this is usually not what you want.
64511 11ba6397e3a4 Minor code cleanup Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 64510 diff changeset	170
64516 6ba20b9039ae Small clean-ups. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 64512 diff changeset	171 Do not supply the 'int' argument.
16242 3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	172 """
3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	173
3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	174 # This code is a bit messy to make it fast for the
24861 4e795fe9f54b SF bug 594996: OverflowError in random.randrange Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 23536 diff changeset	175 # common case while still doing adequate error checking.
16242 3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	176 istart = int(start)
3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	177 if istart != start:
43020 907a45df1295 Raise statement normalization in Lib/. Collin Winter <collinw@gmail.com> parents: 42084 diff changeset	178 raise ValueError("non-integer arg 1 for randrange()")
64511 11ba6397e3a4 Minor code cleanup Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 64510 diff changeset	179 if stop is None:
16242 3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	180 if istart > 0:
64512 c2f8418a0e14 Issues #7889, #9025 and #9379: Improvements to the random module. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 64511 diff changeset	181 return self._randbelow(istart)
43020 907a45df1295 Raise statement normalization in Lib/. Collin Winter <collinw@gmail.com> parents: 42084 diff changeset	182 raise ValueError("empty range for randrange()")
24861 4e795fe9f54b SF bug 594996: OverflowError in random.randrange Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 23536 diff changeset	183
4e795fe9f54b SF bug 594996: OverflowError in random.randrange Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 23536 diff changeset	184 # stop argument supplied.
16242 3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	185 istop = int(stop)
3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	186 if istop != stop:
43020 907a45df1295 Raise statement normalization in Lib/. Collin Winter <collinw@gmail.com> parents: 42084 diff changeset	187 raise ValueError("non-integer stop for randrange()")
30649 8841d34a2c37 SF bug #812202: randint is always even Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 30346 diff changeset	188 width = istop - istart
8841d34a2c37 SF bug #812202: randint is always even Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 30346 diff changeset	189 if step == 1 and width > 0:
64516 6ba20b9039ae Small clean-ups. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 64512 diff changeset	190 return istart + self._randbelow(width)
16242 3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	191 if step == 1:
43020 907a45df1295 Raise statement normalization in Lib/. Collin Winter <collinw@gmail.com> parents: 42084 diff changeset	192 raise ValueError("empty range for randrange() (%d,%d, %d)" % (istart, istop, width))
24861 4e795fe9f54b SF bug 594996: OverflowError in random.randrange Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 23536 diff changeset	193
4e795fe9f54b SF bug 594996: OverflowError in random.randrange Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 23536 diff changeset	194 # Non-unit step argument supplied.
16242 3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	195 istep = int(step)
3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	196 if istep != step:
43020 907a45df1295 Raise statement normalization in Lib/. Collin Winter <collinw@gmail.com> parents: 42084 diff changeset	197 raise ValueError("non-integer step for randrange()")
16242 3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	198 if istep > 0:
33597 355b15e4a4da Use floor division operator. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 33481 diff changeset	199 n = (width + istep - 1) // istep
16242 3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	200 elif istep < 0:
33597 355b15e4a4da Use floor division operator. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 33481 diff changeset	201 n = (width + istep + 1) // istep
16242 3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	202 else:
43020 907a45df1295 Raise statement normalization in Lib/. Collin Winter <collinw@gmail.com> parents: 42084 diff changeset	203 raise ValueError("zero step for randrange()")
16242 3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	204
3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	205 if n <= 0:
43020 907a45df1295 Raise statement normalization in Lib/. Collin Winter <collinw@gmail.com> parents: 42084 diff changeset	206 raise ValueError("empty range for randrange()")
30649 8841d34a2c37 SF bug #812202: randint is always even Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 30346 diff changeset	207
64512 c2f8418a0e14 Issues #7889, #9025 and #9379: Improvements to the random module. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 64511 diff changeset	208 return istart + istep*self._randbelow(n)
1575 45728bfecb76 Random variable generators Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: diff changeset	209
16242 3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	210 def randint(self, a, b):
16265 d614b6e9fb4e Cosmetic changes after some sleep; no change in semantics. Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 16243 diff changeset	211 """Return random integer in range [a, b], including both end points.
16242 3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	212 """
3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	213
3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	214 return self.randrange(a, b+1)
3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	215
64553 d5331712b509 In the case where only a user supplied random() method is available, Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 64532 diff changeset	216 def _randbelow(self, n, int=int, maxsize=1<<BPF, type=type,
64531 770c3ec05685 Minor refactoring and cleanup. Extend looping randrange() technique to subclasses. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 64523 diff changeset	217 Method=_MethodType, BuiltinMethod=_BuiltinMethodType):
64553 d5331712b509 In the case where only a user supplied random() method is available, Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 64532 diff changeset	218 "Return a random int in the range [0,n). Raises ValueError if n==0."
30649 8841d34a2c37 SF bug #812202: randint is always even Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 30346 diff changeset	219
64516 6ba20b9039ae Small clean-ups. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 64512 diff changeset	220 getrandbits = self.getrandbits
6ba20b9039ae Small clean-ups. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 64512 diff changeset	221 # Only call self.getrandbits if the original random() builtin method
6ba20b9039ae Small clean-ups. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 64512 diff changeset	222 # has not been overridden or if a new getrandbits() was supplied.
64531 770c3ec05685 Minor refactoring and cleanup. Extend looping randrange() technique to subclasses. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 64523 diff changeset	223 if type(self.random) is BuiltinMethod or type(getrandbits) is Method:
64553 d5331712b509 In the case where only a user supplied random() method is available, Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 64532 diff changeset	224 k = n.bit_length() # don't use (n-1) here because n can be 1
64532 89fe5179aec5 Neaten-up comments and warning message. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 64531 diff changeset	225 r = getrandbits(k) # 0 <= r < 2**k
64516 6ba20b9039ae Small clean-ups. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 64512 diff changeset	226 while r >= n:
30649 8841d34a2c37 SF bug #812202: randint is always even Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 30346 diff changeset	227 r = getrandbits(k)
64516 6ba20b9039ae Small clean-ups. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 64512 diff changeset	228 return r
64531 770c3ec05685 Minor refactoring and cleanup. Extend looping randrange() technique to subclasses. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 64523 diff changeset	229 # There's an overriden random() method but no new getrandbits() method,
770c3ec05685 Minor refactoring and cleanup. Extend looping randrange() technique to subclasses. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 64523 diff changeset	230 # so we can only use random() from here.
64553 d5331712b509 In the case where only a user supplied random() method is available, Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 64532 diff changeset	231 random = self.random
d5331712b509 In the case where only a user supplied random() method is available, Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 64532 diff changeset	232 if n >= maxsize:
30649 8841d34a2c37 SF bug #812202: randint is always even Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 30346 diff changeset	233 _warn("Underlying random() generator does not supply \n"
64532 89fe5179aec5 Neaten-up comments and warning message. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 64531 diff changeset	234 "enough bits to choose from a population range this large.\n"
89fe5179aec5 Neaten-up comments and warning message. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 64531 diff changeset	235 "To remove the range limitation, add a getrandbits() method.")
64553 d5331712b509 In the case where only a user supplied random() method is available, Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 64532 diff changeset	236 return int(random() * n)
d5331712b509 In the case where only a user supplied random() method is available, Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 64532 diff changeset	237 rem = maxsize % n
d5331712b509 In the case where only a user supplied random() method is available, Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 64532 diff changeset	238 limit = (maxsize - rem) / maxsize # int(limit * maxsize) % n == 0
d5331712b509 In the case where only a user supplied random() method is available, Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 64532 diff changeset	239 r = random()
d5331712b509 In the case where only a user supplied random() method is available, Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 64532 diff changeset	240 while r >= limit:
d5331712b509 In the case where only a user supplied random() method is available, Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 64532 diff changeset	241 r = random()
d5331712b509 In the case where only a user supplied random() method is available, Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 64532 diff changeset	242 return int(r*maxsize) % n
30649 8841d34a2c37 SF bug #812202: randint is always even Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 30346 diff changeset	243
16265 d614b6e9fb4e Cosmetic changes after some sleep; no change in semantics. Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 16243 diff changeset	244 ## -------------------- sequence methods -------------------
d614b6e9fb4e Cosmetic changes after some sleep; no change in semantics. Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 16243 diff changeset	245
16242 3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	246 def choice(self, seq):
3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	247 """Choose a random element from a non-empty sequence."""
64517 e83af141dffd Fix corner case for Random.choice() and add tests. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 64516 diff changeset	248 try:
e83af141dffd Fix corner case for Random.choice() and add tests. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 64516 diff changeset	249 i = self._randbelow(len(seq))
e83af141dffd Fix corner case for Random.choice() and add tests. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 64516 diff changeset	250 except ValueError:
e83af141dffd Fix corner case for Random.choice() and add tests. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 64516 diff changeset	251 raise IndexError('Cannot choose from an empty sequence')
e83af141dffd Fix corner case for Random.choice() and add tests. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 64516 diff changeset	252 return seq[i]
16242 3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	253
3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	254 def shuffle(self, x, random=None, int=int):
3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	255 """x, random=random.random -> shuffle list x in place; return None.
3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	256
3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	257 Optional arg random is a 0-argument function returning a random
3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	258 float in [0.0, 1.0); by default, the standard random.random.
3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	259 """
3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	260
64531 770c3ec05685 Minor refactoring and cleanup. Extend looping randrange() technique to subclasses. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 64523 diff changeset	261 randbelow = self._randbelow
41642 a6eb6acfe04a Merged revisions 55007-55179 via svnmerge from Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 41592 diff changeset	262 for i in reversed(range(1, len(x))):
16265 d614b6e9fb4e Cosmetic changes after some sleep; no change in semantics. Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 16243 diff changeset	263 # pick an element in x[:i+1] with which to exchange x[i]
64531 770c3ec05685 Minor refactoring and cleanup. Extend looping randrange() technique to subclasses. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 64523 diff changeset	264 j = randbelow(i+1) if random is None else int(random() * (i+1))
16242 3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	265 x[i], x[j] = x[j], x[i]
3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	266
29430 b80a22250e4f SF bug #753602: random.sample not properly documented Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 29250 diff changeset	267 def sample(self, population, k):
44665 91928d99ebb0 Take Tim's advice and have random.sample() support only sequences and sets. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 44662 diff changeset	268 """Chooses k unique random elements from a population sequence or set.
26155 8ceb455f5541 SF patch 629637: Add sample(population, k) method to the random module. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 24861 diff changeset	269
26178 83ae4a902df0 Improved clarity and thoroughness of docstring. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 26172 diff changeset	270 Returns a new list containing elements from the population while
83ae4a902df0 Improved clarity and thoroughness of docstring. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 26172 diff changeset	271 leaving the original population unchanged. The resulting list is
83ae4a902df0 Improved clarity and thoroughness of docstring. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 26172 diff changeset	272 in selection order so that all sub-slices will also be valid random
83ae4a902df0 Improved clarity and thoroughness of docstring. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 26172 diff changeset	273 samples. This allows raffle winners (the sample) to be partitioned
83ae4a902df0 Improved clarity and thoroughness of docstring. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 26172 diff changeset	274 into grand prize and second place winners (the subslices).
26155 8ceb455f5541 SF patch 629637: Add sample(population, k) method to the random module. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 24861 diff changeset	275
26178 83ae4a902df0 Improved clarity and thoroughness of docstring. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 26172 diff changeset	276 Members of the population need not be hashable or unique. If the
83ae4a902df0 Improved clarity and thoroughness of docstring. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 26172 diff changeset	277 population contains repeats, then each occurrence is a possible
83ae4a902df0 Improved clarity and thoroughness of docstring. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 26172 diff changeset	278 selection in the sample.
26155 8ceb455f5541 SF patch 629637: Add sample(population, k) method to the random module. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 24861 diff changeset	279
41642 a6eb6acfe04a Merged revisions 55007-55179 via svnmerge from Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 41592 diff changeset	280 To choose a sample in a range of integers, use range as an argument.
26178 83ae4a902df0 Improved clarity and thoroughness of docstring. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 26172 diff changeset	281 This is especially fast and space efficient for sampling from a
41642 a6eb6acfe04a Merged revisions 55007-55179 via svnmerge from Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 41592 diff changeset	282 large population: sample(range(10000000), 60)
26155 8ceb455f5541 SF patch 629637: Add sample(population, k) method to the random module. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 24861 diff changeset	283 """
8ceb455f5541 SF patch 629637: Add sample(population, k) method to the random module. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 24861 diff changeset	284
26178 83ae4a902df0 Improved clarity and thoroughness of docstring. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 26172 diff changeset	285 # Sampling without replacement entails tracking either potential
35359 c5bf5685267b Implement random.sample() using sets instead of dicts. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 34942 diff changeset	286 # selections (the pool) in a list or previous selections in a set.
26178 83ae4a902df0 Improved clarity and thoroughness of docstring. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 26172 diff changeset	287
31578 8183dd1a4fe6 Reflow long line. Jeremy Hylton <jeremy@alum.mit.edu> parents: 31389 diff changeset	288 # When the number of selections is small compared to the
8183dd1a4fe6 Reflow long line. Jeremy Hylton <jeremy@alum.mit.edu> parents: 31389 diff changeset	289 # population, then tracking selections is efficient, requiring
35359 c5bf5685267b Implement random.sample() using sets instead of dicts. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 34942 diff changeset	290 # only a small set and an occasional reselection. For
31578 8183dd1a4fe6 Reflow long line. Jeremy Hylton <jeremy@alum.mit.edu> parents: 31389 diff changeset	291 # a larger number of selections, the pool tracking method is
8183dd1a4fe6 Reflow long line. Jeremy Hylton <jeremy@alum.mit.edu> parents: 31389 diff changeset	292 # preferred since the list takes less space than the
35359 c5bf5685267b Implement random.sample() using sets instead of dicts. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 34942 diff changeset	293 # set and it doesn't suffer from frequent reselections.
26178 83ae4a902df0 Improved clarity and thoroughness of docstring. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 26172 diff changeset	294
69859 e2f7db1255df Sync-up minor code edits with the default branch. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 69857 diff changeset	295 if isinstance(population, _Set):
44665 91928d99ebb0 Take Tim's advice and have random.sample() support only sequences and sets. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 44662 diff changeset	296 population = tuple(population)
69859 e2f7db1255df Sync-up minor code edits with the default branch. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 69857 diff changeset	297 if not isinstance(population, _Sequence):
e2f7db1255df Sync-up minor code edits with the default branch. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 69857 diff changeset	298 raise TypeError("Population must be a sequence or set. For dicts, use list(d).")
64531 770c3ec05685 Minor refactoring and cleanup. Extend looping randrange() technique to subclasses. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 64523 diff changeset	299 randbelow = self._randbelow
26155 8ceb455f5541 SF patch 629637: Add sample(population, k) method to the random module. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 24861 diff changeset	300 n = len(population)
8ceb455f5541 SF patch 629637: Add sample(population, k) method to the random module. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 24861 diff changeset	301 if not 0 <= k <= n:
44665 91928d99ebb0 Take Tim's advice and have random.sample() support only sequences and sets. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 44662 diff changeset	302 raise ValueError("Sample larger than population")
26178 83ae4a902df0 Improved clarity and thoroughness of docstring. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 26172 diff changeset	303 result = [None] * k
35359 c5bf5685267b Implement random.sample() using sets instead of dicts. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 34942 diff changeset	304 setsize = 21 # size of a small set minus size of an empty list
c5bf5685267b Implement random.sample() using sets instead of dicts. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 34942 diff changeset	305 if k > 5:
35465 3e5c07faab11 Whitespace normalization (via reindent.py). Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 35359 diff changeset	306 setsize += 4 ** _ceil(_log(k * 3, 4)) # table size for big sets
44665 91928d99ebb0 Take Tim's advice and have random.sample() support only sequences and sets. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 44662 diff changeset	307 if n <= setsize:
91928d99ebb0 Take Tim's advice and have random.sample() support only sequences and sets. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 44662 diff changeset	308 # An n-length list is smaller than a k-length set
26266 42279f7d244d Improve comments. Clarify docs. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 26178 diff changeset	309 pool = list(population)
41642 a6eb6acfe04a Merged revisions 55007-55179 via svnmerge from Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 41592 diff changeset	310 for i in range(k): # invariant: non-selected at [0,n-i)
64531 770c3ec05685 Minor refactoring and cleanup. Extend looping randrange() technique to subclasses. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 64523 diff changeset	311 j = randbelow(n-i)
26266 42279f7d244d Improve comments. Clarify docs. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 26178 diff changeset	312 result[i] = pool[j]
27080 2ae1d17572da Remove the random=None nonsense from sample() before it gets set in stone. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 26829 diff changeset	313 pool[j] = pool[n-i-1] # move non-selected item into vacancy
26178 83ae4a902df0 Improved clarity and thoroughness of docstring. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 26172 diff changeset	314 else:
44665 91928d99ebb0 Take Tim's advice and have random.sample() support only sequences and sets. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 44662 diff changeset	315 selected = set()
91928d99ebb0 Take Tim's advice and have random.sample() support only sequences and sets. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 44662 diff changeset	316 selected_add = selected.add
91928d99ebb0 Take Tim's advice and have random.sample() support only sequences and sets. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 44662 diff changeset	317 for i in range(k):
64531 770c3ec05685 Minor refactoring and cleanup. Extend looping randrange() technique to subclasses. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 64523 diff changeset	318 j = randbelow(n)
44665 91928d99ebb0 Take Tim's advice and have random.sample() support only sequences and sets. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 44662 diff changeset	319 while j in selected:
64531 770c3ec05685 Minor refactoring and cleanup. Extend looping randrange() technique to subclasses. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 64523 diff changeset	320 j = randbelow(n)
44665 91928d99ebb0 Take Tim's advice and have random.sample() support only sequences and sets. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 44662 diff changeset	321 selected_add(j)
91928d99ebb0 Take Tim's advice and have random.sample() support only sequences and sets. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 44662 diff changeset	322 result[i] = population[j]
26266 42279f7d244d Improve comments. Clarify docs. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 26178 diff changeset	323 return result
26155 8ceb455f5541 SF patch 629637: Add sample(population, k) method to the random module. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 24861 diff changeset	324
16265 d614b6e9fb4e Cosmetic changes after some sleep; no change in semantics. Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 16243 diff changeset	325 ## -------------------- real-valued distributions -------------------
d614b6e9fb4e Cosmetic changes after some sleep; no change in semantics. Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 16243 diff changeset	326
d614b6e9fb4e Cosmetic changes after some sleep; no change in semantics. Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 16243 diff changeset	327 ## -------------------- uniform distribution -------------------
16242 3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	328
3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	329 def uniform(self, a, b):
54705 0e1b3c24d3e2 Issue 6261: Clarify behavior of random.uniform(). Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 51834 diff changeset	330 "Get a random number in the range [a, b) or [a, b] depending on rounding."
16242 3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	331 return a + (b-a) * self.random()
1575 45728bfecb76 Random variable generators Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: diff changeset	332
46034 0a485593ae1c Merged revisions 61724-61725,61731-61735,61737,61739,61741,61743-61744,61753,61761,61765-61767,61769,61773,61776-61778,61780-61783,61788,61793,61796,61807,61813 via svnmerge from Christian Heimes <christian@cheimes.de> parents: 44665 diff changeset	333 ## -------------------- triangular --------------------
0a485593ae1c Merged revisions 61724-61725,61731-61735,61737,61739,61741,61743-61744,61753,61761,61765-61767,61769,61773,61776-61778,61780-61783,61788,61793,61796,61807,61813 via svnmerge from Christian Heimes <christian@cheimes.de> parents: 44665 diff changeset	334
0a485593ae1c Merged revisions 61724-61725,61731-61735,61737,61739,61741,61743-61744,61753,61761,61765-61767,61769,61773,61776-61778,61780-61783,61788,61793,61796,61807,61813 via svnmerge from Christian Heimes <christian@cheimes.de> parents: 44665 diff changeset	335 def triangular(self, low=0.0, high=1.0, mode=None):
0a485593ae1c Merged revisions 61724-61725,61731-61735,61737,61739,61741,61743-61744,61753,61761,61765-61767,61769,61773,61776-61778,61780-61783,61788,61793,61796,61807,61813 via svnmerge from Christian Heimes <christian@cheimes.de> parents: 44665 diff changeset	336 """Triangular distribution.
0a485593ae1c Merged revisions 61724-61725,61731-61735,61737,61739,61741,61743-61744,61753,61761,61765-61767,61769,61773,61776-61778,61780-61783,61788,61793,61796,61807,61813 via svnmerge from Christian Heimes <christian@cheimes.de> parents: 44665 diff changeset	337
0a485593ae1c Merged revisions 61724-61725,61731-61735,61737,61739,61741,61743-61744,61753,61761,61765-61767,61769,61773,61776-61778,61780-61783,61788,61793,61796,61807,61813 via svnmerge from Christian Heimes <christian@cheimes.de> parents: 44665 diff changeset	338 Continuous distribution bounded by given lower and upper limits,
0a485593ae1c Merged revisions 61724-61725,61731-61735,61737,61739,61741,61743-61744,61753,61761,61765-61767,61769,61773,61776-61778,61780-61783,61788,61793,61796,61807,61813 via svnmerge from Christian Heimes <christian@cheimes.de> parents: 44665 diff changeset	339 and having a given mode value in-between.
0a485593ae1c Merged revisions 61724-61725,61731-61735,61737,61739,61741,61743-61744,61753,61761,61765-61767,61769,61773,61776-61778,61780-61783,61788,61793,61796,61807,61813 via svnmerge from Christian Heimes <christian@cheimes.de> parents: 44665 diff changeset	340
0a485593ae1c Merged revisions 61724-61725,61731-61735,61737,61739,61741,61743-61744,61753,61761,61765-61767,61769,61773,61776-61778,61780-61783,61788,61793,61796,61807,61813 via svnmerge from Christian Heimes <christian@cheimes.de> parents: 44665 diff changeset	341 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triangular_distribution
0a485593ae1c Merged revisions 61724-61725,61731-61735,61737,61739,61741,61743-61744,61753,61761,61765-61767,61769,61773,61776-61778,61780-61783,61788,61793,61796,61807,61813 via svnmerge from Christian Heimes <christian@cheimes.de> parents: 44665 diff changeset	342
0a485593ae1c Merged revisions 61724-61725,61731-61735,61737,61739,61741,61743-61744,61753,61761,61765-61767,61769,61773,61776-61778,61780-61783,61788,61793,61796,61807,61813 via svnmerge from Christian Heimes <christian@cheimes.de> parents: 44665 diff changeset	343 """
0a485593ae1c Merged revisions 61724-61725,61731-61735,61737,61739,61741,61743-61744,61753,61761,61765-61767,61769,61773,61776-61778,61780-61783,61788,61793,61796,61807,61813 via svnmerge from Christian Heimes <christian@cheimes.de> parents: 44665 diff changeset	344 u = self.random()
0a485593ae1c Merged revisions 61724-61725,61731-61735,61737,61739,61741,61743-61744,61753,61761,61765-61767,61769,61773,61776-61778,61780-61783,61788,61793,61796,61807,61813 via svnmerge from Christian Heimes <christian@cheimes.de> parents: 44665 diff changeset	345 c = 0.5 if mode is None else (mode - low) / (high - low)
0a485593ae1c Merged revisions 61724-61725,61731-61735,61737,61739,61741,61743-61744,61753,61761,61765-61767,61769,61773,61776-61778,61780-61783,61788,61793,61796,61807,61813 via svnmerge from Christian Heimes <christian@cheimes.de> parents: 44665 diff changeset	346 if u > c:
0a485593ae1c Merged revisions 61724-61725,61731-61735,61737,61739,61741,61743-61744,61753,61761,61765-61767,61769,61773,61776-61778,61780-61783,61788,61793,61796,61807,61813 via svnmerge from Christian Heimes <christian@cheimes.de> parents: 44665 diff changeset	347 u = 1.0 - u
0a485593ae1c Merged revisions 61724-61725,61731-61735,61737,61739,61741,61743-61744,61753,61761,61765-61767,61769,61773,61776-61778,61780-61783,61788,61793,61796,61807,61813 via svnmerge from Christian Heimes <christian@cheimes.de> parents: 44665 diff changeset	348 c = 1.0 - c
0a485593ae1c Merged revisions 61724-61725,61731-61735,61737,61739,61741,61743-61744,61753,61761,61765-61767,61769,61773,61776-61778,61780-61783,61788,61793,61796,61807,61813 via svnmerge from Christian Heimes <christian@cheimes.de> parents: 44665 diff changeset	349 low, high = high, low
0a485593ae1c Merged revisions 61724-61725,61731-61735,61737,61739,61741,61743-61744,61753,61761,61765-61767,61769,61773,61776-61778,61780-61783,61788,61793,61796,61807,61813 via svnmerge from Christian Heimes <christian@cheimes.de> parents: 44665 diff changeset	350 return low + (high - low) * (u * c) ** 0.5
0a485593ae1c Merged revisions 61724-61725,61731-61735,61737,61739,61741,61743-61744,61753,61761,61765-61767,61769,61773,61776-61778,61780-61783,61788,61793,61796,61807,61813 via svnmerge from Christian Heimes <christian@cheimes.de> parents: 44665 diff changeset	351
16265 d614b6e9fb4e Cosmetic changes after some sleep; no change in semantics. Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 16243 diff changeset	352 ## -------------------- normal distribution --------------------
1575 45728bfecb76 Random variable generators Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: diff changeset	353
16242 3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	354 def normalvariate(self, mu, sigma):
23531 a98e93eafef7 Deprecated Random.cunifvariate clearing bug 506647. Also, added docstrings. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 23521 diff changeset	355 """Normal distribution.
a98e93eafef7 Deprecated Random.cunifvariate clearing bug 506647. Also, added docstrings. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 23521 diff changeset	356
a98e93eafef7 Deprecated Random.cunifvariate clearing bug 506647. Also, added docstrings. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 23521 diff changeset	357 mu is the mean, and sigma is the standard deviation.
23536 0a4c92559a0b Whitespace normalized. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 23531 diff changeset	358
23531 a98e93eafef7 Deprecated Random.cunifvariate clearing bug 506647. Also, added docstrings. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 23521 diff changeset	359 """
16242 3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	360 # mu = mean, sigma = standard deviation
3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	361
3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	362 # Uses Kinderman and Monahan method. Reference: Kinderman,
3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	363 # A.J. and Monahan, J.F., "Computer generation of random
3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	364 # variables using the ratio of uniform deviates", ACM Trans
3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	365 # Math Software, 3, (1977), pp257-260.
1575 45728bfecb76 Random variable generators Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: diff changeset	366
16242 3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	367 random = self.random
34942 7287b41145ae SF patch #1191489: Simplify logic in random.py Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 34312 diff changeset	368 while 1:
16242 3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	369 u1 = random()
27085 90350b5d3397 Correct long standing bugs in the methods for random distributions. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 27080 diff changeset	370 u2 = 1.0 - random()
16242 3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	371 z = NV_MAGICCONST*(u1-0.5)/u2
3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	372 zz = z*z/4.0
3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	373 if zz <= -_log(u2):
3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	374 break
3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	375 return mu + z*sigma
1575 45728bfecb76 Random variable generators Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: diff changeset	376
16265 d614b6e9fb4e Cosmetic changes after some sleep; no change in semantics. Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 16243 diff changeset	377 ## -------------------- lognormal distribution --------------------
1575 45728bfecb76 Random variable generators Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: diff changeset	378
16242 3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	379 def lognormvariate(self, mu, sigma):
23531 a98e93eafef7 Deprecated Random.cunifvariate clearing bug 506647. Also, added docstrings. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 23521 diff changeset	380 """Log normal distribution.
a98e93eafef7 Deprecated Random.cunifvariate clearing bug 506647. Also, added docstrings. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 23521 diff changeset	381
a98e93eafef7 Deprecated Random.cunifvariate clearing bug 506647. Also, added docstrings. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 23521 diff changeset	382 If you take the natural logarithm of this distribution, you'll get a
a98e93eafef7 Deprecated Random.cunifvariate clearing bug 506647. Also, added docstrings. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 23521 diff changeset	383 normal distribution with mean mu and standard deviation sigma.
a98e93eafef7 Deprecated Random.cunifvariate clearing bug 506647. Also, added docstrings. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 23521 diff changeset	384 mu can have any value, and sigma must be greater than zero.
23536 0a4c92559a0b Whitespace normalized. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 23531 diff changeset	385
23531 a98e93eafef7 Deprecated Random.cunifvariate clearing bug 506647. Also, added docstrings. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 23521 diff changeset	386 """
16242 3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	387 return _exp(self.normalvariate(mu, sigma))
1575 45728bfecb76 Random variable generators Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: diff changeset	388
16265 d614b6e9fb4e Cosmetic changes after some sleep; no change in semantics. Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 16243 diff changeset	389 ## -------------------- exponential distribution --------------------
1575 45728bfecb76 Random variable generators Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: diff changeset	390
16242 3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	391 def expovariate(self, lambd):
23531 a98e93eafef7 Deprecated Random.cunifvariate clearing bug 506647. Also, added docstrings. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 23521 diff changeset	392 """Exponential distribution.
a98e93eafef7 Deprecated Random.cunifvariate clearing bug 506647. Also, added docstrings. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 23521 diff changeset	393
50626 fed2ae1e50c2 Merged revisions 68378 via svnmerge from Mark Dickinson <dickinsm@gmail.com> parents: 48596 diff changeset	394 lambd is 1.0 divided by the desired mean. It should be
fed2ae1e50c2 Merged revisions 68378 via svnmerge from Mark Dickinson <dickinsm@gmail.com> parents: 48596 diff changeset	395 nonzero. (The parameter would be called "lambda", but that is
fed2ae1e50c2 Merged revisions 68378 via svnmerge from Mark Dickinson <dickinsm@gmail.com> parents: 48596 diff changeset	396 a reserved word in Python.) Returned values range from 0 to
fed2ae1e50c2 Merged revisions 68378 via svnmerge from Mark Dickinson <dickinsm@gmail.com> parents: 48596 diff changeset	397 positive infinity if lambd is positive, and from negative
fed2ae1e50c2 Merged revisions 68378 via svnmerge from Mark Dickinson <dickinsm@gmail.com> parents: 48596 diff changeset	398 infinity to 0 if lambd is negative.
23536 0a4c92559a0b Whitespace normalized. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 23531 diff changeset	399
23531 a98e93eafef7 Deprecated Random.cunifvariate clearing bug 506647. Also, added docstrings. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 23521 diff changeset	400 """
16242 3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	401 # lambd: rate lambd = 1/mean
3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	402 # ('lambda' is a Python reserved word)
1575 45728bfecb76 Random variable generators Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: diff changeset	403
70949 9216e0a5d950 Code simplification suggested by Sven Marnach. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 69859 diff changeset	404 # we use 1-random() instead of random() to preclude the
9216e0a5d950 Code simplification suggested by Sven Marnach. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 69859 diff changeset	405 # possibility of taking the log of zero.
9216e0a5d950 Code simplification suggested by Sven Marnach. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 69859 diff changeset	406 return -_log(1.0 - self.random())/lambd
1575 45728bfecb76 Random variable generators Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: diff changeset	407
16265 d614b6e9fb4e Cosmetic changes after some sleep; no change in semantics. Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 16243 diff changeset	408 ## -------------------- von Mises distribution --------------------
1575 45728bfecb76 Random variable generators Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: diff changeset	409
16242 3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	410 def vonmisesvariate(self, mu, kappa):
23531 a98e93eafef7 Deprecated Random.cunifvariate clearing bug 506647. Also, added docstrings. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 23521 diff changeset	411 """Circular data distribution.
23536 0a4c92559a0b Whitespace normalized. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 23531 diff changeset	412
23531 a98e93eafef7 Deprecated Random.cunifvariate clearing bug 506647. Also, added docstrings. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 23521 diff changeset	413 mu is the mean angle, expressed in radians between 0 and 2*pi, and
a98e93eafef7 Deprecated Random.cunifvariate clearing bug 506647. Also, added docstrings. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 23521 diff changeset	414 kappa is the concentration parameter, which must be greater than or
a98e93eafef7 Deprecated Random.cunifvariate clearing bug 506647. Also, added docstrings. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 23521 diff changeset	415 equal to zero. If kappa is equal to zero, this distribution reduces
a98e93eafef7 Deprecated Random.cunifvariate clearing bug 506647. Also, added docstrings. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 23521 diff changeset	416 to a uniform random angle over the range 0 to 2*pi.
23536 0a4c92559a0b Whitespace normalized. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 23531 diff changeset	417
23531 a98e93eafef7 Deprecated Random.cunifvariate clearing bug 506647. Also, added docstrings. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 23521 diff changeset	418 """
16242 3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	419 # mu: mean angle (in radians between 0 and 2*pi)
3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	420 # kappa: concentration parameter kappa (>= 0)
3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	421 # if kappa = 0 generate uniform random angle
1575 45728bfecb76 Random variable generators Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: diff changeset	422
16242 3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	423 # Based upon an algorithm published in: Fisher, N.I.,
3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	424 # "Statistical Analysis of Circular Data", Cambridge
3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	425 # University Press, 1993.
7881 6370f1593c72 Correction to vonmisesvariate() by Magnus Kessler: it should take and Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 7412 diff changeset	426
16242 3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	427 # Thanks to Magnus Kessler for a correction to the
3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	428 # implementation of step 4.
7881 6370f1593c72 Correction to vonmisesvariate() by Magnus Kessler: it should take and Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 7412 diff changeset	429
16242 3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	430 random = self.random
3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	431 if kappa <= 1e-6:
3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	432 return TWOPI * random()
7881 6370f1593c72 Correction to vonmisesvariate() by Magnus Kessler: it should take and Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 7412 diff changeset	433
82140 d94b73c95646 Issue #17141: random.vonmisesvariate() no more hangs for large kappas. Serhiy Storchaka <storchaka@gmail.com> parents: 82130 diff changeset	434 s = 0.5 / kappa
d94b73c95646 Issue #17141: random.vonmisesvariate() no more hangs for large kappas. Serhiy Storchaka <storchaka@gmail.com> parents: 82130 diff changeset	435 r = s + _sqrt(1.0 + s * s)
1575 45728bfecb76 Random variable generators Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: diff changeset	436
34942 7287b41145ae SF patch #1191489: Simplify logic in random.py Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 34312 diff changeset	437 while 1:
16242 3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	438 u1 = random()
82140 d94b73c95646 Issue #17141: random.vonmisesvariate() no more hangs for large kappas. Serhiy Storchaka <storchaka@gmail.com> parents: 82130 diff changeset	439 z = _cos(_pi * u1)
1575 45728bfecb76 Random variable generators Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: diff changeset	440
82140 d94b73c95646 Issue #17141: random.vonmisesvariate() no more hangs for large kappas. Serhiy Storchaka <storchaka@gmail.com> parents: 82130 diff changeset	441 d = z / (r + z)
16242 3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	442 u2 = random()
82140 d94b73c95646 Issue #17141: random.vonmisesvariate() no more hangs for large kappas. Serhiy Storchaka <storchaka@gmail.com> parents: 82130 diff changeset	443 if u2 < 1.0 - d * d or u2 <= (1.0 - d) * _exp(d):
16242 3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	444 break
1575 45728bfecb76 Random variable generators Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: diff changeset	445
82140 d94b73c95646 Issue #17141: random.vonmisesvariate() no more hangs for large kappas. Serhiy Storchaka <storchaka@gmail.com> parents: 82130 diff changeset	446 q = 1.0 / r
d94b73c95646 Issue #17141: random.vonmisesvariate() no more hangs for large kappas. Serhiy Storchaka <storchaka@gmail.com> parents: 82130 diff changeset	447 f = (q + z) / (1.0 + q * z)
16242 3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	448 u3 = random()
3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	449 if u3 > 0.5:
82130 41e97652a9f9 Issue #17149: Fix random.vonmisesvariate to always return results in [0, 2math.pi]. Mark Dickinson <dickinsm@gmail.com>* parents: 77303 diff changeset	450 theta = (mu + _acos(f)) % TWOPI
16242 3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	451 else:
82130 41e97652a9f9 Issue #17149: Fix random.vonmisesvariate to always return results in [0, 2math.pi]. Mark Dickinson <dickinsm@gmail.com>* parents: 77303 diff changeset	452 theta = (mu - _acos(f)) % TWOPI
1575 45728bfecb76 Random variable generators Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: diff changeset	453
16242 3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	454 return theta
1575 45728bfecb76 Random variable generators Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: diff changeset	455
16265 d614b6e9fb4e Cosmetic changes after some sleep; no change in semantics. Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 16243 diff changeset	456 ## -------------------- gamma distribution --------------------
1575 45728bfecb76 Random variable generators Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: diff changeset	457
16242 3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	458 def gammavariate(self, alpha, beta):
23531 a98e93eafef7 Deprecated Random.cunifvariate clearing bug 506647. Also, added docstrings. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 23521 diff changeset	459 """Gamma distribution. Not the gamma function!
a98e93eafef7 Deprecated Random.cunifvariate clearing bug 506647. Also, added docstrings. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 23521 diff changeset	460
a98e93eafef7 Deprecated Random.cunifvariate clearing bug 506647. Also, added docstrings. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 23521 diff changeset	461 Conditions on the parameters are alpha > 0 and beta > 0.
a98e93eafef7 Deprecated Random.cunifvariate clearing bug 506647. Also, added docstrings. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 23521 diff changeset	462
68846 e880020e7e6a Issue 10787: Document the probability density function for random.gammavariate. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 57584 diff changeset	463 The probability distribution function is:
e880020e7e6a Issue 10787: Document the probability density function for random.gammavariate. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 57584 diff changeset	464
e880020e7e6a Issue 10787: Document the probability density function for random.gammavariate. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 57584 diff changeset	465 x ** (alpha - 1) * math.exp(-x / beta)
e880020e7e6a Issue 10787: Document the probability density function for random.gammavariate. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 57584 diff changeset	466 pdf(x) = --------------------------------------
e880020e7e6a Issue 10787: Document the probability density function for random.gammavariate. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 57584 diff changeset	467 math.gamma(alpha) * beta ** alpha
e880020e7e6a Issue 10787: Document the probability density function for random.gammavariate. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 57584 diff changeset	468
23531 a98e93eafef7 Deprecated Random.cunifvariate clearing bug 506647. Also, added docstrings. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 23521 diff changeset	469 """
23521 a90faa5f9417 Whitespace normalization. Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 23451 diff changeset	470
23447 08ccb0f3e2d4 Closes patch 529408 deprecating random.stdgamma(). Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 23442 diff changeset	471 # alpha > 0, beta > 0, mean is alphabeta, variance is alphabeta**2
23521 a90faa5f9417 Whitespace normalization. Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 23451 diff changeset	472
23451 273dd2508c57 Use spaces, not tabs for indents. Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 23447 diff changeset	473 # Warning: a few older sources define the gamma distribution in terms
273dd2508c57 Use spaces, not tabs for indents. Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 23447 diff changeset	474 # of alpha > -1.0
273dd2508c57 Use spaces, not tabs for indents. Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 23447 diff changeset	475 if alpha <= 0.0 or beta <= 0.0:
43020 907a45df1295 Raise statement normalization in Lib/. Collin Winter <collinw@gmail.com> parents: 42084 diff changeset	476 raise ValueError('gammavariate: alpha and beta must be > 0.0')
23521 a90faa5f9417 Whitespace normalization. Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 23451 diff changeset	477
16242 3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	478 random = self.random
3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	479 if alpha > 1.0:
1575 45728bfecb76 Random variable generators Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: diff changeset	480
16242 3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	481 # Uses R.C.H. Cheng, "The generation of Gamma
3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	482 # variables with non-integral shape parameters",
3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	483 # Applied Statistics, (1977), 26, No. 1, p71-74
1575 45728bfecb76 Random variable generators Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: diff changeset	484
23442 b15896053933 Closes SF bug 527139. Moved temp variables inside guard. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 23380 diff changeset	485 ainv = _sqrt(2.0 * alpha - 1.0)
b15896053933 Closes SF bug 527139. Moved temp variables inside guard. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 23380 diff changeset	486 bbb = alpha - LOG4
b15896053933 Closes SF bug 527139. Moved temp variables inside guard. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 23380 diff changeset	487 ccc = alpha + ainv
23521 a90faa5f9417 Whitespace normalization. Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 23451 diff changeset	488
34942 7287b41145ae SF patch #1191489: Simplify logic in random.py Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 34312 diff changeset	489 while 1:
16242 3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	490 u1 = random()
27085 90350b5d3397 Correct long standing bugs in the methods for random distributions. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 27080 diff changeset	491 if not 1e-7 < u1 < .9999999:
90350b5d3397 Correct long standing bugs in the methods for random distributions. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 27080 diff changeset	492 continue
90350b5d3397 Correct long standing bugs in the methods for random distributions. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 27080 diff changeset	493 u2 = 1.0 - random()
16242 3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	494 v = _log(u1/(1.0-u1))/ainv
3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	495 x = alpha*_exp(v)
3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	496 z = u1u1u2
3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	497 r = bbb+ccc*v-x
3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	498 if r + SG_MAGICCONST - 4.5*z >= 0.0 or r >= _log(z):
23447 08ccb0f3e2d4 Closes patch 529408 deprecating random.stdgamma(). Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 23442 diff changeset	499 return x * beta
1575 45728bfecb76 Random variable generators Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: diff changeset	500
16242 3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	501 elif alpha == 1.0:
3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	502 # expovariate(1)
15871 62aeefa01fdd Whitespace normalization. Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 14617 diff changeset	503 u = random()
16242 3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	504 while u <= 1e-7:
3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	505 u = random()
23447 08ccb0f3e2d4 Closes patch 529408 deprecating random.stdgamma(). Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 23442 diff changeset	506 return -_log(u) * beta
1575 45728bfecb76 Random variable generators Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: diff changeset	507
16242 3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	508 else: # alpha is between 0 and 1 (exclusive)
1575 45728bfecb76 Random variable generators Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: diff changeset	509
16242 3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	510 # Uses ALGORITHM GS of Statistical Computing - Kennedy & Gentle
1575 45728bfecb76 Random variable generators Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: diff changeset	511
34942 7287b41145ae SF patch #1191489: Simplify logic in random.py Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 34312 diff changeset	512 while 1:
16242 3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	513 u = random()
3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	514 b = (_e + alpha)/_e
3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	515 p = b*u
3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	516 if p <= 1.0:
34942 7287b41145ae SF patch #1191489: Simplify logic in random.py Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 34312 diff changeset	517 x = p ** (1.0/alpha)
16242 3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	518 else:
3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	519 x = -_log((b-p)/alpha)
3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	520 u1 = random()
34942 7287b41145ae SF patch #1191489: Simplify logic in random.py Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 34312 diff changeset	521 if p > 1.0:
7287b41145ae SF patch #1191489: Simplify logic in random.py Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 34312 diff changeset	522 if u1 <= x ** (alpha - 1.0):
7287b41145ae SF patch #1191489: Simplify logic in random.py Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 34312 diff changeset	523 break
7287b41145ae SF patch #1191489: Simplify logic in random.py Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 34312 diff changeset	524 elif u1 <= _exp(-x):
16242 3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	525 break
23447 08ccb0f3e2d4 Closes patch 529408 deprecating random.stdgamma(). Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 23442 diff changeset	526 return x * beta
08ccb0f3e2d4 Closes patch 529408 deprecating random.stdgamma(). Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 23442 diff changeset	527
16265 d614b6e9fb4e Cosmetic changes after some sleep; no change in semantics. Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 16243 diff changeset	528 ## -------------------- Gauss (faster alternative) --------------------
1576 695fb494a3a2 Added gauss() (same as normal but twice as fast) and betavariate(); Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 1575 diff changeset	529
16242 3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	530 def gauss(self, mu, sigma):
23531 a98e93eafef7 Deprecated Random.cunifvariate clearing bug 506647. Also, added docstrings. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 23521 diff changeset	531 """Gaussian distribution.
a98e93eafef7 Deprecated Random.cunifvariate clearing bug 506647. Also, added docstrings. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 23521 diff changeset	532
a98e93eafef7 Deprecated Random.cunifvariate clearing bug 506647. Also, added docstrings. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 23521 diff changeset	533 mu is the mean, and sigma is the standard deviation. This is
a98e93eafef7 Deprecated Random.cunifvariate clearing bug 506647. Also, added docstrings. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 23521 diff changeset	534 slightly faster than the normalvariate() function.
a98e93eafef7 Deprecated Random.cunifvariate clearing bug 506647. Also, added docstrings. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 23521 diff changeset	535
a98e93eafef7 Deprecated Random.cunifvariate clearing bug 506647. Also, added docstrings. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 23521 diff changeset	536 Not thread-safe without a lock around calls.
23536 0a4c92559a0b Whitespace normalized. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 23531 diff changeset	537
23531 a98e93eafef7 Deprecated Random.cunifvariate clearing bug 506647. Also, added docstrings. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 23521 diff changeset	538 """
1577 444e349f962f Use float constants directly; cosmetic changes; initialize largest Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 1576 diff changeset	539
16242 3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	540 # When x and y are two variables from [0, 1), uniformly
3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	541 # distributed, then
3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	542 #
3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	543 # cos(2pix)sqrt(-2log(1-y))
3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	544 # sin(2pix)sqrt(-2log(1-y))
3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	545 #
3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	546 # are two independent variables with normal distribution
3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	547 # (mu = 0, sigma = 1).
3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	548 # (Lambert Meertens)
3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	549 # (corrected version; bug discovered by Mike Miller, fixed by LM)
1577 444e349f962f Use float constants directly; cosmetic changes; initialize largest Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 1576 diff changeset	550
16242 3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	551 # Multithreading note: When two threads call this function
3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	552 # simultaneously, it is possible that they will receive the
3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	553 # same return value. The window is very small though. To
3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	554 # avoid this, you have to use a lock around all calls. (I
3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	555 # didn't want to slow this down in the serial case by using a
3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	556 # lock here.)
1577 444e349f962f Use float constants directly; cosmetic changes; initialize largest Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 1576 diff changeset	557
16242 3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	558 random = self.random
3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	559 z = self.gauss_next
3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	560 self.gauss_next = None
3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	561 if z is None:
3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	562 x2pi = random() * TWOPI
3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	563 g2rad = _sqrt(-2.0 * _log(1.0 - random()))
3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	564 z = _cos(x2pi) * g2rad
3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	565 self.gauss_next = _sin(x2pi) * g2rad
1577 444e349f962f Use float constants directly; cosmetic changes; initialize largest Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 1576 diff changeset	566
16242 3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	567 return mu + z*sigma
1576 695fb494a3a2 Added gauss() (same as normal but twice as fast) and betavariate(); Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 1575 diff changeset	568
16265 d614b6e9fb4e Cosmetic changes after some sleep; no change in semantics. Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 16243 diff changeset	569 ## -------------------- beta --------------------
16271 7ef2382f6123 SF bug 130030: Claim of bad betavariate algorithm. Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 16265 diff changeset	570 ## See
69362 f5b9ad73157c #11848: replace dead link in random.betavariate comment. Ezio Melotti <ezio.melotti@gmail.com> parents: 68846 diff changeset	571 ## http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-bugs-list/2001-January/003752.html
16271 7ef2382f6123 SF bug 130030: Claim of bad betavariate algorithm. Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 16265 diff changeset	572 ## for Ivan Frohne's insightful analysis of why the original implementation:
7ef2382f6123 SF bug 130030: Claim of bad betavariate algorithm. Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 16265 diff changeset	573 ##
7ef2382f6123 SF bug 130030: Claim of bad betavariate algorithm. Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 16265 diff changeset	574 ## def betavariate(self, alpha, beta):
7ef2382f6123 SF bug 130030: Claim of bad betavariate algorithm. Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 16265 diff changeset	575 ## # Discrete Event Simulation in C, pp 87-88.
7ef2382f6123 SF bug 130030: Claim of bad betavariate algorithm. Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 16265 diff changeset	576 ##
7ef2382f6123 SF bug 130030: Claim of bad betavariate algorithm. Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 16265 diff changeset	577 ## y = self.expovariate(alpha)
7ef2382f6123 SF bug 130030: Claim of bad betavariate algorithm. Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 16265 diff changeset	578 ## z = self.expovariate(1.0/beta)
7ef2382f6123 SF bug 130030: Claim of bad betavariate algorithm. Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 16265 diff changeset	579 ## return z/(y+z)
7ef2382f6123 SF bug 130030: Claim of bad betavariate algorithm. Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 16265 diff changeset	580 ##
7ef2382f6123 SF bug 130030: Claim of bad betavariate algorithm. Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 16265 diff changeset	581 ## was dead wrong, and how it probably got that way.
1576 695fb494a3a2 Added gauss() (same as normal but twice as fast) and betavariate(); Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 1575 diff changeset	582
16242 3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	583 def betavariate(self, alpha, beta):
23531 a98e93eafef7 Deprecated Random.cunifvariate clearing bug 506647. Also, added docstrings. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 23521 diff changeset	584 """Beta distribution.
a98e93eafef7 Deprecated Random.cunifvariate clearing bug 506647. Also, added docstrings. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 23521 diff changeset	585
40737 6ebad2a6b990 Merged revisions 53451-53537 via svnmerge from Thomas Wouters <thomas@python.org> parents: 40644 diff changeset	586 Conditions on the parameters are alpha > 0 and beta > 0.
23531 a98e93eafef7 Deprecated Random.cunifvariate clearing bug 506647. Also, added docstrings. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 23521 diff changeset	587 Returned values range between 0 and 1.
23536 0a4c92559a0b Whitespace normalized. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 23531 diff changeset	588
23531 a98e93eafef7 Deprecated Random.cunifvariate clearing bug 506647. Also, added docstrings. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 23521 diff changeset	589 """
23536 0a4c92559a0b Whitespace normalized. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 23531 diff changeset	590
16271 7ef2382f6123 SF bug 130030: Claim of bad betavariate algorithm. Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 16265 diff changeset	591 # This version due to Janne Sinkkonen, and matches all the std
7ef2382f6123 SF bug 130030: Claim of bad betavariate algorithm. Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 16265 diff changeset	592 # texts (e.g., Knuth Vol 2 Ed 3 pg 134 "the beta distribution").
7ef2382f6123 SF bug 130030: Claim of bad betavariate algorithm. Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 16265 diff changeset	593 y = self.gammavariate(alpha, 1.)
7ef2382f6123 SF bug 130030: Claim of bad betavariate algorithm. Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 16265 diff changeset	594 if y == 0:
7ef2382f6123 SF bug 130030: Claim of bad betavariate algorithm. Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 16265 diff changeset	595 return 0.0
7ef2382f6123 SF bug 130030: Claim of bad betavariate algorithm. Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 16265 diff changeset	596 else:
7ef2382f6123 SF bug 130030: Claim of bad betavariate algorithm. Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 16265 diff changeset	597 return y / (y + self.gammavariate(beta, 1.))
1576 695fb494a3a2 Added gauss() (same as normal but twice as fast) and betavariate(); Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 1575 diff changeset	598
16265 d614b6e9fb4e Cosmetic changes after some sleep; no change in semantics. Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 16243 diff changeset	599 ## -------------------- Pareto --------------------
6698 b73eb4e6face Added Pareto and Weibull distributions, courtesy Jeremy Hylton. Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 1618 diff changeset	600
16242 3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	601 def paretovariate(self, alpha):
23531 a98e93eafef7 Deprecated Random.cunifvariate clearing bug 506647. Also, added docstrings. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 23521 diff changeset	602 """Pareto distribution. alpha is the shape parameter."""
16242 3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	603 # Jain, pg. 495
6698 b73eb4e6face Added Pareto and Weibull distributions, courtesy Jeremy Hylton. Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 1618 diff changeset	604
27085 90350b5d3397 Correct long standing bugs in the methods for random distributions. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 27080 diff changeset	605 u = 1.0 - self.random()
64568 7c2eb5b6cc58 One more conversion from pow() to *. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com>* parents: 64567 diff changeset	606 return 1.0 / u ** (1.0/alpha)
6698 b73eb4e6face Added Pareto and Weibull distributions, courtesy Jeremy Hylton. Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 1618 diff changeset	607
16265 d614b6e9fb4e Cosmetic changes after some sleep; no change in semantics. Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 16243 diff changeset	608 ## -------------------- Weibull --------------------
6698 b73eb4e6face Added Pareto and Weibull distributions, courtesy Jeremy Hylton. Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 1618 diff changeset	609
16242 3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	610 def weibullvariate(self, alpha, beta):
23531 a98e93eafef7 Deprecated Random.cunifvariate clearing bug 506647. Also, added docstrings. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 23521 diff changeset	611 """Weibull distribution.
a98e93eafef7 Deprecated Random.cunifvariate clearing bug 506647. Also, added docstrings. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 23521 diff changeset	612
a98e93eafef7 Deprecated Random.cunifvariate clearing bug 506647. Also, added docstrings. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 23521 diff changeset	613 alpha is the scale parameter and beta is the shape parameter.
23536 0a4c92559a0b Whitespace normalized. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 23531 diff changeset	614
23531 a98e93eafef7 Deprecated Random.cunifvariate clearing bug 506647. Also, added docstrings. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 23521 diff changeset	615 """
16242 3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	616 # Jain, pg. 499; bug fix courtesy Bill Arms
11200 bca2d14f3e36 Add Tim Peters' shuffle() algorithm. Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 8802 diff changeset	617
27085 90350b5d3397 Correct long standing bugs in the methods for random distributions. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 27080 diff changeset	618 u = 1.0 - self.random()
64567 b1865ca7b65c * Remove dependency on binascii.hexlify by using int.from_bytes(). Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 64553 diff changeset	619 return alpha * (-_log(u)) ** (1.0/beta)
11200 bca2d14f3e36 Add Tim Peters' shuffle() algorithm. Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 8802 diff changeset	620
33481 eacdc29606d8 SF #1027105: HardwareRandom should be renamed OSRandom Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 33409 diff changeset	621 ## --------------- Operating System Random Source ------------------
33329 97fca735c8da Teach the random module about os.urandom(). Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 32287 diff changeset	622
33481 eacdc29606d8 SF #1027105: HardwareRandom should be renamed OSRandom Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 33409 diff changeset	623 class SystemRandom(Random):
eacdc29606d8 SF #1027105: HardwareRandom should be renamed OSRandom Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 33409 diff changeset	624 """Alternate random number generator using sources provided
eacdc29606d8 SF #1027105: HardwareRandom should be renamed OSRandom Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 33409 diff changeset	625 by the operating system (such as /dev/urandom on Unix or
eacdc29606d8 SF #1027105: HardwareRandom should be renamed OSRandom Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 33409 diff changeset	626 CryptGenRandom on Windows).
33329 97fca735c8da Teach the random module about os.urandom(). Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 32287 diff changeset	627
97fca735c8da Teach the random module about os.urandom(). Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 32287 diff changeset	628 Not available on all systems (see os.urandom() for details).
97fca735c8da Teach the random module about os.urandom(). Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 32287 diff changeset	629 """
97fca735c8da Teach the random module about os.urandom(). Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 32287 diff changeset	630
97fca735c8da Teach the random module about os.urandom(). Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 32287 diff changeset	631 def random(self):
97fca735c8da Teach the random module about os.urandom(). Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 32287 diff changeset	632 """Get the next random number in the range [0.0, 1.0)."""
64567 b1865ca7b65c * Remove dependency on binascii.hexlify by using int.from_bytes(). Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 64553 diff changeset	633 return (int.from_bytes(_urandom(7), 'big') >> 3) * RECIP_BPF
33329 97fca735c8da Teach the random module about os.urandom(). Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 32287 diff changeset	634
97fca735c8da Teach the random module about os.urandom(). Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 32287 diff changeset	635 def getrandbits(self, k):
97fca735c8da Teach the random module about os.urandom(). Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 32287 diff changeset	636 """getrandbits(k) -> x. Generates a long int with k random bits."""
97fca735c8da Teach the random module about os.urandom(). Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 32287 diff changeset	637 if k <= 0:
97fca735c8da Teach the random module about os.urandom(). Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 32287 diff changeset	638 raise ValueError('number of bits must be greater than zero')
97fca735c8da Teach the random module about os.urandom(). Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 32287 diff changeset	639 if k != int(k):
97fca735c8da Teach the random module about os.urandom(). Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 32287 diff changeset	640 raise TypeError('number of bits should be an integer')
64569 8627c3ec9711 Improve variable name (don't shadow a builtin). Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 64568 diff changeset	641 numbytes = (k + 7) // 8 # bits / 8 and rounded up
8627c3ec9711 Improve variable name (don't shadow a builtin). Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 64568 diff changeset	642 x = int.from_bytes(_urandom(numbytes), 'big')
8627c3ec9711 Improve variable name (don't shadow a builtin). Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 64568 diff changeset	643 return x >> (numbytes * 8 - k) # trim excess bits
33329 97fca735c8da Teach the random module about os.urandom(). Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 32287 diff changeset	644
44662 c25760c21397 Remove defunct parts of the random module Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 44129 diff changeset	645 def seed(self, args, *kwds):
33481 eacdc29606d8 SF #1027105: HardwareRandom should be renamed OSRandom Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 33409 diff changeset	646 "Stub method. Not used for a system random number generator."
33329 97fca735c8da Teach the random module about os.urandom(). Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 32287 diff changeset	647 return None
97fca735c8da Teach the random module about os.urandom(). Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 32287 diff changeset	648
97fca735c8da Teach the random module about os.urandom(). Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 32287 diff changeset	649 def _notimplemented(self, args, *kwds):
33481 eacdc29606d8 SF #1027105: HardwareRandom should be renamed OSRandom Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 33409 diff changeset	650 "Method should not be called for a system random number generator."
eacdc29606d8 SF #1027105: HardwareRandom should be renamed OSRandom Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 33409 diff changeset	651 raise NotImplementedError('System entropy source does not have state.')
33329 97fca735c8da Teach the random module about os.urandom(). Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 32287 diff changeset	652 getstate = setstate = _notimplemented
97fca735c8da Teach the random module about os.urandom(). Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 32287 diff changeset	653
16265 d614b6e9fb4e Cosmetic changes after some sleep; no change in semantics. Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 16243 diff changeset	654 ## -------------------- test program --------------------
1575 45728bfecb76 Random variable generators Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: diff changeset	655
30243 53a322c6de52 Eliminate unnecessary eval() in tests Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 30114 diff changeset	656 def _test_generator(n, func, args):
15871 62aeefa01fdd Whitespace normalization. Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 14617 diff changeset	657 import time
40775 4cdf21a0dbbc Fix most trivially-findable print statements. Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 40737 diff changeset	658 print(n, 'times', func.__name__)
29250 34609fa35b11 'sum' is no longer a good variable name. Use 'total' instead. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 27279 diff changeset	659 total = 0.0
15871 62aeefa01fdd Whitespace normalization. Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 14617 diff changeset	660 sqsum = 0.0
62aeefa01fdd Whitespace normalization. Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 14617 diff changeset	661 smallest = 1e10
62aeefa01fdd Whitespace normalization. Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 14617 diff changeset	662 largest = -1e10
62aeefa01fdd Whitespace normalization. Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 14617 diff changeset	663 t0 = time.time()
62aeefa01fdd Whitespace normalization. Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 14617 diff changeset	664 for i in range(n):
30243 53a322c6de52 Eliminate unnecessary eval() in tests Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 30114 diff changeset	665 x = func(*args)
29250 34609fa35b11 'sum' is no longer a good variable name. Use 'total' instead. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 27279 diff changeset	666 total += x
15871 62aeefa01fdd Whitespace normalization. Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 14617 diff changeset	667 sqsum = sqsum + x*x
62aeefa01fdd Whitespace normalization. Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 14617 diff changeset	668 smallest = min(x, smallest)
62aeefa01fdd Whitespace normalization. Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 14617 diff changeset	669 largest = max(x, largest)
62aeefa01fdd Whitespace normalization. Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 14617 diff changeset	670 t1 = time.time()
40775 4cdf21a0dbbc Fix most trivially-findable print statements. Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 40737 diff changeset	671 print(round(t1-t0, 3), 'sec,', end=' ')
29250 34609fa35b11 'sum' is no longer a good variable name. Use 'total' instead. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 27279 diff changeset	672 avg = total/n
16242 3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	673 stddev = _sqrt(sqsum/n - avg*avg)
40775 4cdf21a0dbbc Fix most trivially-findable print statements. Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 40737 diff changeset	674 print('avg %g, stddev %g, min %g, max %g' % \
4cdf21a0dbbc Fix most trivially-findable print statements. Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 40737 diff changeset	675 (avg, stddev, smallest, largest))
1575 45728bfecb76 Random variable generators Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: diff changeset	676
26155 8ceb455f5541 SF patch 629637: Add sample(population, k) method to the random module. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 24861 diff changeset	677
8ceb455f5541 SF patch 629637: Add sample(population, k) method to the random module. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 24861 diff changeset	678 def _test(N=2000):
30243 53a322c6de52 Eliminate unnecessary eval() in tests Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 30114 diff changeset	679 _test_generator(N, random, ())
53a322c6de52 Eliminate unnecessary eval() in tests Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 30114 diff changeset	680 _test_generator(N, normalvariate, (0.0, 1.0))
53a322c6de52 Eliminate unnecessary eval() in tests Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 30114 diff changeset	681 _test_generator(N, lognormvariate, (0.0, 1.0))
53a322c6de52 Eliminate unnecessary eval() in tests Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 30114 diff changeset	682 _test_generator(N, vonmisesvariate, (0.0, 1.0))
53a322c6de52 Eliminate unnecessary eval() in tests Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 30114 diff changeset	683 _test_generator(N, gammavariate, (0.01, 1.0))
53a322c6de52 Eliminate unnecessary eval() in tests Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 30114 diff changeset	684 _test_generator(N, gammavariate, (0.1, 1.0))
53a322c6de52 Eliminate unnecessary eval() in tests Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 30114 diff changeset	685 _test_generator(N, gammavariate, (0.1, 2.0))
53a322c6de52 Eliminate unnecessary eval() in tests Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 30114 diff changeset	686 _test_generator(N, gammavariate, (0.5, 1.0))
53a322c6de52 Eliminate unnecessary eval() in tests Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 30114 diff changeset	687 _test_generator(N, gammavariate, (0.9, 1.0))
53a322c6de52 Eliminate unnecessary eval() in tests Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 30114 diff changeset	688 _test_generator(N, gammavariate, (1.0, 1.0))
53a322c6de52 Eliminate unnecessary eval() in tests Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 30114 diff changeset	689 _test_generator(N, gammavariate, (2.0, 1.0))
53a322c6de52 Eliminate unnecessary eval() in tests Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 30114 diff changeset	690 _test_generator(N, gammavariate, (20.0, 1.0))
53a322c6de52 Eliminate unnecessary eval() in tests Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 30114 diff changeset	691 _test_generator(N, gammavariate, (200.0, 1.0))
53a322c6de52 Eliminate unnecessary eval() in tests Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 30114 diff changeset	692 _test_generator(N, gauss, (0.0, 1.0))
53a322c6de52 Eliminate unnecessary eval() in tests Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 30114 diff changeset	693 _test_generator(N, betavariate, (3.0, 3.0))
46034 0a485593ae1c Merged revisions 61724-61725,61731-61735,61737,61739,61741,61743-61744,61753,61761,61765-61767,61769,61773,61776-61778,61780-61783,61788,61793,61796,61807,61813 via svnmerge from Christian Heimes <christian@cheimes.de> parents: 44665 diff changeset	694 _test_generator(N, triangular, (0.0, 1.0, 1.0/3.0))
16265 d614b6e9fb4e Cosmetic changes after some sleep; no change in semantics. Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 16243 diff changeset	695
16292 0501c2a10315 New comment block to Clarify a subtlety. Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 16272 diff changeset	696 # Create one instance, seeded from current time, and export its methods
26829 f64c96922708 SF patch 658251: Install a C implementation of the Mersenne Twister as the Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 26564 diff changeset	697 # as module-level functions. The functions share state across all uses
f64c96922708 SF patch 658251: Install a C implementation of the Mersenne Twister as the Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 26564 diff changeset	698 #(both in the user's code and in the Python libraries), but that's fine
f64c96922708 SF patch 658251: Install a C implementation of the Mersenne Twister as the Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 26564 diff changeset	699 # for most programs and is easier for the casual user than making them
f64c96922708 SF patch 658251: Install a C implementation of the Mersenne Twister as the Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 26564 diff changeset	700 # instantiate their own Random() instance.
f64c96922708 SF patch 658251: Install a C implementation of the Mersenne Twister as the Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 26564 diff changeset	701
16242 3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	702 _inst = Random()
3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	703 seed = _inst.seed
3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	704 random = _inst.random
3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	705 uniform = _inst.uniform
46034 0a485593ae1c Merged revisions 61724-61725,61731-61735,61737,61739,61741,61743-61744,61753,61761,61765-61767,61769,61773,61776-61778,61780-61783,61788,61793,61796,61807,61813 via svnmerge from Christian Heimes <christian@cheimes.de> parents: 44665 diff changeset	706 triangular = _inst.triangular
16242 3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	707 randint = _inst.randint
3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	708 choice = _inst.choice
3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	709 randrange = _inst.randrange
26155 8ceb455f5541 SF patch 629637: Add sample(population, k) method to the random module. Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 24861 diff changeset	710 sample = _inst.sample
16242 3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	711 shuffle = _inst.shuffle
3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	712 normalvariate = _inst.normalvariate
3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	713 lognormvariate = _inst.lognormvariate
3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	714 expovariate = _inst.expovariate
3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	715 vonmisesvariate = _inst.vonmisesvariate
3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	716 gammavariate = _inst.gammavariate
3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	717 gauss = _inst.gauss
3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	718 betavariate = _inst.betavariate
3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	719 paretovariate = _inst.paretovariate
3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	720 weibullvariate = _inst.weibullvariate
3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	721 getstate = _inst.getstate
3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	722 setstate = _inst.setstate
30649 8841d34a2c37 SF bug #812202: randint is always even Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com> parents: 30346 diff changeset	723 getrandbits = _inst.getrandbits
16242 3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	724
1575 45728bfecb76 Random variable generators Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: diff changeset	725 if __name__ == '__main__':
16242 3c5f09422b69 Reworked random.py so that it no longer depends on, and offers all the Tim Peters <tim.peters@gmail.com> parents: 15871 diff changeset	726 _test()

Mercurial > cpython-lru_cache-weakref

annotate Lib/random.py @ 84007:dbfbdf2b5c19 3.3