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author Georg Brandl <georg@python.org>
date Tue, 14 Jun 2011 21:09:55 +0200
parents d143eb624cf5
children 907da535ed9d 2933598a7802
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1 :mod:`code` --- Interpreter base classes
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2 ========================================
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3
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4 .. module:: code
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5 :synopsis: Facilities to implement read-eval-print loops.
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6
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7
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8 The ``code`` module provides facilities to implement read-eval-print loops in
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9 Python. Two classes and convenience functions are included which can be used to
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10 build applications which provide an interactive interpreter prompt.
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13 .. class:: InteractiveInterpreter(locals=None)
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14
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15 This class deals with parsing and interpreter state (the user's namespace); it
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16 does not deal with input buffering or prompting or input file naming (the
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17 filename is always passed in explicitly). The optional *locals* argument
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18 specifies the dictionary in which code will be executed; it defaults to a newly
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19 created dictionary with key ``'__name__'`` set to ``'__console__'`` and key
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20 ``'__doc__'`` set to ``None``.
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23 .. class:: InteractiveConsole(locals=None, filename="<console>")
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24
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25 Closely emulate the behavior of the interactive Python interpreter. This class
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26 builds on :class:`InteractiveInterpreter` and adds prompting using the familiar
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27 ``sys.ps1`` and ``sys.ps2``, and input buffering.
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28
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30 .. function:: interact(banner=None, readfunc=None, local=None)
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31
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32 Convenience function to run a read-eval-print loop. This creates a new instance
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33 of :class:`InteractiveConsole` and sets *readfunc* to be used as the
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34 :meth:`raw_input` method, if provided. If *local* is provided, it is passed to
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35 the :class:`InteractiveConsole` constructor for use as the default namespace for
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36 the interpreter loop. The :meth:`interact` method of the instance is then run
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37 with *banner* passed as the banner to use, if provided. The console object is
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38 discarded after use.
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39
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41 .. function:: compile_command(source, filename="<input>", symbol="single")
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42
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43 This function is useful for programs that want to emulate Python's interpreter
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44 main loop (a.k.a. the read-eval-print loop). The tricky part is to determine
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45 when the user has entered an incomplete command that can be completed by
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46 entering more text (as opposed to a complete command or a syntax error). This
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47 function *almost* always makes the same decision as the real interpreter main
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48 loop.
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49
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50 *source* is the source string; *filename* is the optional filename from which
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51 source was read, defaulting to ``'<input>'``; and *symbol* is the optional
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52 grammar start symbol, which should be either ``'single'`` (the default) or
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53 ``'eval'``.
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54
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55 Returns a code object (the same as ``compile(source, filename, symbol)``) if the
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56 command is complete and valid; ``None`` if the command is incomplete; raises
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57 :exc:`SyntaxError` if the command is complete and contains a syntax error, or
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58 raises :exc:`OverflowError` or :exc:`ValueError` if the command contains an
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59 invalid literal.
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60
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61
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62 .. _interpreter-objects:
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63
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64 Interactive Interpreter Objects
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65 -------------------------------
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66
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67
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68 .. method:: InteractiveInterpreter.runsource(source, filename="<input>", symbol="single")
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69
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70 Compile and run some source in the interpreter. Arguments are the same as for
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71 :func:`compile_command`; the default for *filename* is ``'<input>'``, and for
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72 *symbol* is ``'single'``. One several things can happen:
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73
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74 * The input is incorrect; :func:`compile_command` raised an exception
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75 (:exc:`SyntaxError` or :exc:`OverflowError`). A syntax traceback will be
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76 printed by calling the :meth:`showsyntaxerror` method. :meth:`runsource`
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77 returns ``False``.
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78
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79 * The input is incomplete, and more input is required; :func:`compile_command`
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80 returned ``None``. :meth:`runsource` returns ``True``.
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81
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82 * The input is complete; :func:`compile_command` returned a code object. The
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83 code is executed by calling the :meth:`runcode` (which also handles run-time
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84 exceptions, except for :exc:`SystemExit`). :meth:`runsource` returns ``False``.
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85
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86 The return value can be used to decide whether to use ``sys.ps1`` or ``sys.ps2``
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87 to prompt the next line.
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88
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89
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90 .. method:: InteractiveInterpreter.runcode(code)
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91
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92 Execute a code object. When an exception occurs, :meth:`showtraceback` is called
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93 to display a traceback. All exceptions are caught except :exc:`SystemExit`,
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94 which is allowed to propagate.
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95
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96 A note about :exc:`KeyboardInterrupt`: this exception may occur elsewhere in
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97 this code, and may not always be caught. The caller should be prepared to deal
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98 with it.
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99
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100
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101 .. method:: InteractiveInterpreter.showsyntaxerror(filename=None)
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102
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103 Display the syntax error that just occurred. This does not display a stack
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104 trace because there isn't one for syntax errors. If *filename* is given, it is
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105 stuffed into the exception instead of the default filename provided by Python's
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106 parser, because it always uses ``'<string>'`` when reading from a string. The
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107 output is written by the :meth:`write` method.
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108
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109
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110 .. method:: InteractiveInterpreter.showtraceback()
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111
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112 Display the exception that just occurred. We remove the first stack item
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113 because it is within the interpreter object implementation. The output is
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114 written by the :meth:`write` method.
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115
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116
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117 .. method:: InteractiveInterpreter.write(data)
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118
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119 Write a string to the standard error stream (``sys.stderr``). Derived classes
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120 should override this to provide the appropriate output handling as needed.
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121
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122
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123 .. _console-objects:
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124
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125 Interactive Console Objects
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126 ---------------------------
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127
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128 The :class:`InteractiveConsole` class is a subclass of
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129 :class:`InteractiveInterpreter`, and so offers all the methods of the
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130 interpreter objects as well as the following additions.
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131
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132
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133 .. method:: InteractiveConsole.interact(banner=None)
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134
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135 Closely emulate the interactive Python console. The optional banner argument
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136 specify the banner to print before the first interaction; by default it prints a
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137 banner similar to the one printed by the standard Python interpreter, followed
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138 by the class name of the console object in parentheses (so as not to confuse
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139 this with the real interpreter -- since it's so close!).
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140
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141
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142 .. method:: InteractiveConsole.push(line)
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143
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144 Push a line of source text to the interpreter. The line should not have a
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145 trailing newline; it may have internal newlines. The line is appended to a
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146 buffer and the interpreter's :meth:`runsource` method is called with the
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147 concatenated contents of the buffer as source. If this indicates that the
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148 command was executed or invalid, the buffer is reset; otherwise, the command is
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149 incomplete, and the buffer is left as it was after the line was appended. The
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150 return value is ``True`` if more input is required, ``False`` if the line was
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151 dealt with in some way (this is the same as :meth:`runsource`).
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152
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153
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154 .. method:: InteractiveConsole.resetbuffer()
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155
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156 Remove any unhandled source text from the input buffer.
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157
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158
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159 .. method:: InteractiveConsole.raw_input(prompt="")
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160
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161 Write a prompt and read a line. The returned line does not include the trailing
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162 newline. When the user enters the EOF key sequence, :exc:`EOFError` is raised.
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163 The base implementation reads from ``sys.stdin``; a subclass may replace this
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164 with a different implementation.
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165