Mercurial > cpython-lru_cache-weakref
annotate Lib/tempfile.py @ 70817:dd775b1561ba
Fix markup.
| author | Georg Brandl <georg@python.org> |
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| date | Tue, 14 Jun 2011 21:09:55 +0200 |
| parents | 612dd5f2aab3 |
| children | 5f7e71cfbcd6 eafe8c7f7049 |
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1 """Temporary files. |
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2 |
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3 This module provides generic, low- and high-level interfaces for |
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4 creating temporary files and directories. The interfaces listed |
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5 as "safe" just below can be used without fear of race conditions. |
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6 Those listed as "unsafe" cannot, and are provided for backward |
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7 compatibility only. |
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8 |
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9 This module also provides some data items to the user: |
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10 |
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11 TMP_MAX - maximum number of names that will be tried before |
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12 giving up. |
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13 template - the default prefix for all temporary names. |
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14 You may change this to control the default prefix. |
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15 tempdir - If this is set to a string before the first use of |
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16 any routine from this module, it will be considered as |
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17 another candidate location to store temporary files. |
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18 """ |
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19 |
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20 __all__ = [ |
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21 "NamedTemporaryFile", "TemporaryFile", # high level safe interfaces |
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22 "SpooledTemporaryFile", "TemporaryDirectory", |
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23 "mkstemp", "mkdtemp", # low level safe interfaces |
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24 "mktemp", # deprecated unsafe interface |
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25 "TMP_MAX", "gettempprefix", # constants |
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26 "tempdir", "gettempdir" |
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27 ] |
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28 |
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29 |
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30 # Imports. |
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31 |
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32 import warnings as _warnings |
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33 import sys as _sys |
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34 import io as _io |
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35 import os as _os |
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36 import errno as _errno |
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37 from random import Random as _Random |
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38 |
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39 try: |
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40 import fcntl as _fcntl |
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41 except ImportError: |
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42 def _set_cloexec(fd): |
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43 pass |
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44 else: |
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45 def _set_cloexec(fd): |
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46 try: |
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47 flags = _fcntl.fcntl(fd, _fcntl.F_GETFD, 0) |
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48 except IOError: |
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49 pass |
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50 else: |
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51 # flags read successfully, modify |
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52 flags |= _fcntl.FD_CLOEXEC |
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53 _fcntl.fcntl(fd, _fcntl.F_SETFD, flags) |
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54 |
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55 |
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56 try: |
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57 import _thread |
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58 except ImportError: |
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59 import _dummy_thread as _thread |
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60 _allocate_lock = _thread.allocate_lock |
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61 |
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62 _text_openflags = _os.O_RDWR | _os.O_CREAT | _os.O_EXCL |
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63 if hasattr(_os, 'O_NOINHERIT'): |
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64 _text_openflags |= _os.O_NOINHERIT |
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65 if hasattr(_os, 'O_NOFOLLOW'): |
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66 _text_openflags |= _os.O_NOFOLLOW |
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67 |
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68 _bin_openflags = _text_openflags |
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69 if hasattr(_os, 'O_BINARY'): |
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70 _bin_openflags |= _os.O_BINARY |
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71 |
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72 if hasattr(_os, 'TMP_MAX'): |
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73 TMP_MAX = _os.TMP_MAX |
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74 else: |
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75 TMP_MAX = 10000 |
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76 |
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77 template = "tmp" |
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78 |
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79 # Internal routines. |
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80 |
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81 _once_lock = _allocate_lock() |
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82 |
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83 if hasattr(_os, "lstat"): |
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84 _stat = _os.lstat |
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85 elif hasattr(_os, "stat"): |
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86 _stat = _os.stat |
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87 else: |
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88 # Fallback. All we need is something that raises os.error if the |
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89 # file doesn't exist. |
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90 def _stat(fn): |
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91 try: |
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92 f = open(fn) |
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93 except IOError: |
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94 raise _os.error |
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95 f.close() |
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96 |
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97 def _exists(fn): |
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98 try: |
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99 _stat(fn) |
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100 except _os.error: |
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101 return False |
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102 else: |
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103 return True |
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104 |
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105 class _RandomNameSequence: |
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106 """An instance of _RandomNameSequence generates an endless |
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107 sequence of unpredictable strings which can safely be incorporated |
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108 into file names. Each string is six characters long. Multiple |
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109 threads can safely use the same instance at the same time. |
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111 _RandomNameSequence is an iterator.""" |
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115 def __init__(self): |
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116 self.rng = _Random() |
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118 def __iter__(self): |
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119 return self |
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120 |
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121 def __next__(self): |
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122 c = self.characters |
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123 choose = self.rng.choice |
| 66102 | 124 letters = [choose(c) for dummy in "123456"] |
| 125 return ''.join(letters) | |
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126 |
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127 def _candidate_tempdir_list(): |
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128 """Generate a list of candidate temporary directories which |
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129 _get_default_tempdir will try.""" |
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130 |
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131 dirlist = [] |
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133 # First, try the environment. |
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134 for envname in 'TMPDIR', 'TEMP', 'TMP': |
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135 dirname = _os.getenv(envname) |
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136 if dirname: dirlist.append(dirname) |
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137 |
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138 # Failing that, try OS-specific locations. |
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139 if _os.name == 'nt': |
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140 dirlist.extend([ r'c:\temp', r'c:\tmp', r'\temp', r'\tmp' ]) |
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141 else: |
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142 dirlist.extend([ '/tmp', '/var/tmp', '/usr/tmp' ]) |
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143 |
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144 # As a last resort, the current directory. |
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145 try: |
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146 dirlist.append(_os.getcwd()) |
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147 except (AttributeError, _os.error): |
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148 dirlist.append(_os.curdir) |
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149 |
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150 return dirlist |
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151 |
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152 def _get_default_tempdir(): |
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153 """Calculate the default directory to use for temporary files. |
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154 This routine should be called exactly once. |
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155 |
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156 We determine whether or not a candidate temp dir is usable by |
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157 trying to create and write to a file in that directory. If this |
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158 is successful, the test file is deleted. To prevent denial of |
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159 service, the name of the test file must be randomized.""" |
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160 |
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161 namer = _RandomNameSequence() |
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162 dirlist = _candidate_tempdir_list() |
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163 |
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164 for dir in dirlist: |
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165 if dir != _os.curdir: |
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166 dir = _os.path.normcase(_os.path.abspath(dir)) |
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167 # Try only a few names per directory. |
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168 for seq in range(100): |
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169 name = next(namer) |
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170 filename = _os.path.join(dir, name) |
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171 try: |
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172 fd = _os.open(filename, _bin_openflags, 0o600) |
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173 fp = _io.open(fd, 'wb') |
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174 fp.write(b'blat') |
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175 fp.close() |
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176 _os.unlink(filename) |
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177 del fp, fd |
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178 return dir |
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179 except (OSError, IOError) as e: |
| 43634 | 180 if e.args[0] != _errno.EEXIST: |
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181 break # no point trying more names in this directory |
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182 pass |
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183 raise IOError(_errno.ENOENT, |
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184 "No usable temporary directory found in %s" % dirlist) |
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185 |
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186 _name_sequence = None |
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187 |
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188 def _get_candidate_names(): |
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189 """Common setup sequence for all user-callable interfaces.""" |
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190 |
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191 global _name_sequence |
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192 if _name_sequence is None: |
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193 _once_lock.acquire() |
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194 try: |
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195 if _name_sequence is None: |
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196 _name_sequence = _RandomNameSequence() |
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197 finally: |
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198 _once_lock.release() |
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199 return _name_sequence |
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200 |
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201 |
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202 def _mkstemp_inner(dir, pre, suf, flags): |
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203 """Code common to mkstemp, TemporaryFile, and NamedTemporaryFile.""" |
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204 |
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205 names = _get_candidate_names() |
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206 |
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207 for seq in range(TMP_MAX): |
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208 name = next(names) |
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209 file = _os.path.join(dir, pre + name + suf) |
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210 try: |
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211 fd = _os.open(file, flags, 0o600) |
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213 return (fd, _os.path.abspath(file)) |
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214 except OSError as e: |
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215 if e.errno == _errno.EEXIST: |
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216 continue # try again |
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217 raise |
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218 |
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219 raise IOError(_errno.EEXIST, "No usable temporary file name found") |
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221 |
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222 # User visible interfaces. |
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223 |
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224 def gettempprefix(): |
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225 """Accessor for tempdir.template.""" |
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226 return template |
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228 tempdir = None |
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229 |
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230 def gettempdir(): |
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231 """Accessor for tempfile.tempdir.""" |
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232 global tempdir |
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233 if tempdir is None: |
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234 _once_lock.acquire() |
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235 try: |
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236 if tempdir is None: |
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237 tempdir = _get_default_tempdir() |
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238 finally: |
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239 _once_lock.release() |
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240 return tempdir |
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241 |
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242 def mkstemp(suffix="", prefix=template, dir=None, text=False): |
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243 """User-callable function to create and return a unique temporary |
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244 file. The return value is a pair (fd, name) where fd is the |
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245 file descriptor returned by os.open, and name is the filename. |
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246 |
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247 If 'suffix' is specified, the file name will end with that suffix, |
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248 otherwise there will be no suffix. |
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249 |
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250 If 'prefix' is specified, the file name will begin with that prefix, |
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251 otherwise a default prefix is used. |
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252 |
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253 If 'dir' is specified, the file will be created in that directory, |
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254 otherwise a default directory is used. |
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255 |
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256 If 'text' is specified and true, the file is opened in text |
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257 mode. Else (the default) the file is opened in binary mode. On |
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258 some operating systems, this makes no difference. |
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259 |
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260 The file is readable and writable only by the creating user ID. |
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261 If the operating system uses permission bits to indicate whether a |
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262 file is executable, the file is executable by no one. The file |
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263 descriptor is not inherited by children of this process. |
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264 |
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265 Caller is responsible for deleting the file when done with it. |
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266 """ |
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267 |
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268 if dir is None: |
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269 dir = gettempdir() |
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270 |
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271 if text: |
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272 flags = _text_openflags |
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273 else: |
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274 flags = _bin_openflags |
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275 |
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276 return _mkstemp_inner(dir, prefix, suffix, flags) |
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277 |
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279 def mkdtemp(suffix="", prefix=template, dir=None): |
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280 """User-callable function to create and return a unique temporary |
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281 directory. The return value is the pathname of the directory. |
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282 |
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283 Arguments are as for mkstemp, except that the 'text' argument is |
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284 not accepted. |
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285 |
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286 The directory is readable, writable, and searchable only by the |
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287 creating user. |
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288 |
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289 Caller is responsible for deleting the directory when done with it. |
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290 """ |
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291 |
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292 if dir is None: |
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293 dir = gettempdir() |
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295 names = _get_candidate_names() |
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296 |
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297 for seq in range(TMP_MAX): |
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298 name = next(names) |
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299 file = _os.path.join(dir, prefix + name + suffix) |
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300 try: |
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301 _os.mkdir(file, 0o700) |
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302 return file |
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303 except OSError as e: |
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304 if e.errno == _errno.EEXIST: |
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305 continue # try again |
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306 raise |
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307 |
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308 raise IOError(_errno.EEXIST, "No usable temporary directory name found") |
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310 def mktemp(suffix="", prefix=template, dir=None): |
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311 """User-callable function to return a unique temporary file name. The |
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312 file is not created. |
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313 |
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314 Arguments are as for mkstemp, except that the 'text' argument is |
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315 not accepted. |
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316 |
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317 This function is unsafe and should not be used. The file name |
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318 refers to a file that did not exist at some point, but by the time |
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319 you get around to creating it, someone else may have beaten you to |
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320 the punch. |
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321 """ |
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322 |
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323 ## from warnings import warn as _warn |
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324 ## _warn("mktemp is a potential security risk to your program", |
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325 ## RuntimeWarning, stacklevel=2) |
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326 |
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327 if dir is None: |
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328 dir = gettempdir() |
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329 |
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330 names = _get_candidate_names() |
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331 for seq in range(TMP_MAX): |
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332 name = next(names) |
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333 file = _os.path.join(dir, prefix + name + suffix) |
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334 if not _exists(file): |
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335 return file |
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336 |
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337 raise IOError(_errno.EEXIST, "No usable temporary filename found") |
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338 |
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339 |
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340 class _TemporaryFileWrapper: |
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341 """Temporary file wrapper |
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342 |
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343 This class provides a wrapper around files opened for |
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344 temporary use. In particular, it seeks to automatically |
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345 remove the file when it is no longer needed. |
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346 """ |
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347 |
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348 def __init__(self, file, name, delete=True): |
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349 self.file = file |
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350 self.name = name |
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351 self.close_called = False |
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352 self.delete = delete |
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353 |
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354 def __getattr__(self, name): |
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355 # Attribute lookups are delegated to the underlying file |
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356 # and cached for non-numeric results |
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357 # (i.e. methods are cached, closed and friends are not) |
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358 file = self.__dict__['file'] |
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359 a = getattr(file, name) |
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360 if not isinstance(a, int): |
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361 setattr(self, name, a) |
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362 return a |
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363 |
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364 # The underlying __enter__ method returns the wrong object |
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365 # (self.file) so override it to return the wrapper |
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366 def __enter__(self): |
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367 self.file.__enter__() |
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368 return self |
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369 |
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371 def __iter__(self): |
| 45561 | 372 return iter(self.file) |
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373 |
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374 # NT provides delete-on-close as a primitive, so we don't need |
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375 # the wrapper to do anything special. We still use it so that |
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376 # file.name is useful (i.e. not "(fdopen)") with NamedTemporaryFile. |
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377 if _os.name != 'nt': |
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378 # Cache the unlinker so we don't get spurious errors at |
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379 # shutdown when the module-level "os" is None'd out. Note |
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380 # that this must be referenced as self.unlink, because the |
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381 # name TemporaryFileWrapper may also get None'd out before |
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382 # __del__ is called. |
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383 unlink = _os.unlink |
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384 |
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388 self.file.close() |
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389 if self.delete: |
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390 self.unlink(self.name) |
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392 def __del__(self): |
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393 self.close() |
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395 # Need to trap __exit__ as well to ensure the file gets |
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396 # deleted when used in a with statement |
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397 def __exit__(self, exc, value, tb): |
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398 result = self.file.__exit__(exc, value, tb) |
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399 self.close() |
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400 return result |
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402 def __exit__(self, exc, value, tb): |
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403 self.file.__exit__(exc, value, tb) |
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406 def NamedTemporaryFile(mode='w+b', buffering=-1, encoding=None, |
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407 newline=None, suffix="", prefix=template, |
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408 dir=None, delete=True): |
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409 """Create and return a temporary file. |
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410 Arguments: |
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411 'prefix', 'suffix', 'dir' -- as for mkstemp. |
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412 'mode' -- the mode argument to io.open (default "w+b"). |
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413 'buffering' -- the buffer size argument to io.open (default -1). |
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414 'encoding' -- the encoding argument to io.open (default None) |
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415 'newline' -- the newline argument to io.open (default None) |
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416 'delete' -- whether the file is deleted on close (default True). |
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417 The file is created as mkstemp() would do it. |
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419 Returns an object with a file-like interface; the name of the file |
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420 is accessible as file.name. The file will be automatically deleted |
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421 when it is closed unless the 'delete' argument is set to False. |
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422 """ |
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423 |
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424 if dir is None: |
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425 dir = gettempdir() |
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427 flags = _bin_openflags |
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429 # Setting O_TEMPORARY in the flags causes the OS to delete |
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430 # the file when it is closed. This is only supported by Windows. |
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431 if _os.name == 'nt' and delete: |
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432 flags |= _os.O_TEMPORARY |
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434 (fd, name) = _mkstemp_inner(dir, prefix, suffix, flags) |
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435 file = _io.open(fd, mode, buffering=buffering, |
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436 newline=newline, encoding=encoding) |
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438 return _TemporaryFileWrapper(file, name, delete) |
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440 if _os.name != 'posix' or _os.sys.platform == 'cygwin': |
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441 # On non-POSIX and Cygwin systems, assume that we cannot unlink a file |
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442 # while it is open. |
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445 else: |
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446 def TemporaryFile(mode='w+b', buffering=-1, encoding=None, |
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447 newline=None, suffix="", prefix=template, |
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448 dir=None): |
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449 """Create and return a temporary file. |
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459 name, and will cease to exist when it is closed. |
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460 """ |
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463 dir = gettempdir() |
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467 (fd, name) = _mkstemp_inner(dir, prefix, suffix, flags) |
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468 try: |
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469 _os.unlink(name) |
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470 return _io.open(fd, mode, buffering=buffering, |
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471 newline=newline, encoding=encoding) |
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472 except: |
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473 _os.close(fd) |
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474 raise |
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475 |
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476 class SpooledTemporaryFile: |
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477 """Temporary file wrapper, specialized to switch from |
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478 StringIO to a real file when it exceeds a certain size or |
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479 when a fileno is needed. |
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480 """ |
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481 _rolled = False |
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482 |
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483 def __init__(self, max_size=0, mode='w+b', buffering=-1, |
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484 encoding=None, newline=None, |
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485 suffix="", prefix=template, dir=None): |
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486 if 'b' in mode: |
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487 self._file = _io.BytesIO() |
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488 else: |
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489 # Setting newline="\n" avoids newline translation; |
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490 # this is important because otherwise on Windows we'd |
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491 # hget double newline translation upon rollover(). |
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492 self._file = _io.StringIO(newline="\n") |
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493 self._max_size = max_size |
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494 self._rolled = False |
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495 self._TemporaryFileArgs = {'mode': mode, 'buffering': buffering, |
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496 'suffix': suffix, 'prefix': prefix, |
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497 'encoding': encoding, 'newline': newline, |
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498 'dir': dir} |
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499 |
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500 def _check(self, file): |
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501 if self._rolled: return |
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502 max_size = self._max_size |
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503 if max_size and file.tell() > max_size: |
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504 self.rollover() |
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505 |
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506 def rollover(self): |
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507 if self._rolled: return |
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508 file = self._file |
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509 newfile = self._file = TemporaryFile(**self._TemporaryFileArgs) |
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510 del self._TemporaryFileArgs |
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511 |
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512 newfile.write(file.getvalue()) |
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513 newfile.seek(file.tell(), 0) |
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514 |
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515 self._rolled = True |
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516 |
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517 # The method caching trick from NamedTemporaryFile |
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518 # won't work here, because _file may change from a |
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519 # _StringIO instance to a real file. So we list |
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520 # all the methods directly. |
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521 |
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522 # Context management protocol |
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523 def __enter__(self): |
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524 if self._file.closed: |
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525 raise ValueError("Cannot enter context with closed file") |
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526 return self |
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528 def __exit__(self, exc, value, tb): |
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529 self._file.close() |
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531 # file protocol |
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532 def __iter__(self): |
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533 return self._file.__iter__() |
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535 def close(self): |
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536 self._file.close() |
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537 |
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538 @property |
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539 def closed(self): |
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540 return self._file.closed |
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542 @property |
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543 def encoding(self): |
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544 return self._file.encoding |
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545 |
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546 def fileno(self): |
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547 self.rollover() |
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548 return self._file.fileno() |
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549 |
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550 def flush(self): |
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551 self._file.flush() |
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552 |
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553 def isatty(self): |
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554 return self._file.isatty() |
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555 |
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556 @property |
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557 def mode(self): |
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558 return self._file.mode |
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559 |
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560 @property |
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561 def name(self): |
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562 return self._file.name |
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563 |
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564 @property |
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565 def newlines(self): |
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566 return self._file.newlines |
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567 |
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568 def next(self): |
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569 return self._file.next |
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570 |
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571 def read(self, *args): |
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572 return self._file.read(*args) |
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573 |
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574 def readline(self, *args): |
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575 return self._file.readline(*args) |
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576 |
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577 def readlines(self, *args): |
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578 return self._file.readlines(*args) |
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579 |
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580 def seek(self, *args): |
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581 self._file.seek(*args) |
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582 |
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583 @property |
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584 def softspace(self): |
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585 return self._file.softspace |
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586 |
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587 def tell(self): |
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588 return self._file.tell() |
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589 |
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590 def truncate(self): |
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591 self._file.truncate() |
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592 |
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593 def write(self, s): |
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594 file = self._file |
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595 rv = file.write(s) |
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596 self._check(file) |
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597 return rv |
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598 |
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599 def writelines(self, iterable): |
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600 file = self._file |
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601 rv = file.writelines(iterable) |
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602 self._check(file) |
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603 return rv |
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604 |
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605 def xreadlines(self, *args): |
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606 return self._file.xreadlines(*args) |
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607 |
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608 |
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609 class TemporaryDirectory(object): |
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610 """Create and return a temporary directory. This has the same |
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611 behavior as mkdtemp but can be used as a context manager. For |
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612 example: |
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613 |
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614 with TemporaryDirectory() as tmpdir: |
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615 ... |
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616 |
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617 Upon exiting the context, the directory and everthing contained |
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618 in it are removed. |
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619 """ |
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620 |
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621 def __init__(self, suffix="", prefix=template, dir=None): |
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622 self._closed = False |
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623 self.name = None # Handle mkdtemp throwing an exception |
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624 self.name = mkdtemp(suffix, prefix, dir) |
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625 |
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626 def __repr__(self): |
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627 return "<{} {!r}>".format(self.__class__.__name__, self.name) |
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628 |
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629 def __enter__(self): |
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630 return self.name |
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631 |
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632 def cleanup(self, _warn=False): |
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633 if self.name and not self._closed: |
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634 try: |
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635 self._rmtree(self.name) |
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636 except (TypeError, AttributeError) as ex: |
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637 # Issue #10188: Emit a warning on stderr |
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638 # if the directory could not be cleaned |
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639 # up due to missing globals |
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640 if "None" not in str(ex): |
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641 raise |
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642 print("ERROR: {!r} while cleaning up {!r}".format(ex, self,), |
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643 file=_sys.stderr) |
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644 return |
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645 self._closed = True |
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646 if _warn: |
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647 self._warn("Implicitly cleaning up {!r}".format(self), |
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648 ResourceWarning) |
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649 |
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650 def __exit__(self, exc, value, tb): |
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651 self.cleanup() |
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652 |
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653 def __del__(self): |
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654 # Issue a ResourceWarning if implicit cleanup needed |
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655 self.cleanup(_warn=True) |
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656 |
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657 # XXX (ncoghlan): The following code attempts to make |
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658 # this class tolerant of the module nulling out process |
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659 # that happens during CPython interpreter shutdown |
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660 # Alas, it doesn't actually manage it. See issue #10188 |
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661 _listdir = staticmethod(_os.listdir) |
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662 _path_join = staticmethod(_os.path.join) |
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663 _isdir = staticmethod(_os.path.isdir) |
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664 _remove = staticmethod(_os.remove) |
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665 _rmdir = staticmethod(_os.rmdir) |
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666 _os_error = _os.error |
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667 _warn = _warnings.warn |
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668 |
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669 def _rmtree(self, path): |
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670 # Essentially a stripped down version of shutil.rmtree. We can't |
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671 # use globals because they may be None'ed out at shutdown. |
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672 for name in self._listdir(path): |
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673 fullname = self._path_join(path, name) |
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674 try: |
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675 isdir = self._isdir(fullname) |
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676 except self._os_error: |
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677 isdir = False |
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678 if isdir: |
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679 self._rmtree(fullname) |
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680 else: |
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681 try: |
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682 self._remove(fullname) |
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683 except self._os_error: |
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684 pass |
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685 try: |
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686 self._rmdir(path) |
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687 except self._os_error: |
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688 pass |
