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annotate Lib/gettext.py @ 27998:e27f58a50737 legacy-trunk

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SF bug #690377: Dud footnote reference in distutils docs
author Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com>
date Fri, 21 Feb 2003 02:47:09 +0000
parents ea1d2050d7da
children b246ca033e3e
Ignore whitespace changes - Everywhere: Within whitespace: At end of lines:
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1 """Internationalization and localization support.
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2
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3 This module provides internationalization (I18N) and localization (L10N)
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4 support for your Python programs by providing an interface to the GNU gettext
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5 message catalog library.
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6
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7 I18N refers to the operation by which a program is made aware of multiple
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8 languages. L10N refers to the adaptation of your program, once
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9 internationalized, to the local language and cultural habits.
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10
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11 """
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12
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13 # This module represents the integration of work, contributions, feedback, and
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14 # suggestions from the following people:
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15 #
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16 # Martin von Loewis, who wrote the initial implementation of the underlying
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17 # C-based libintlmodule (later renamed _gettext), along with a skeletal
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18 # gettext.py implementation.
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19 #
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20 # Peter Funk, who wrote fintl.py, a fairly complete wrapper around intlmodule,
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21 # which also included a pure-Python implementation to read .mo files if
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22 # intlmodule wasn't available.
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23 #
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24 # James Henstridge, who also wrote a gettext.py module, which has some
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25 # interesting, but currently unsupported experimental features: the notion of
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26 # a Catalog class and instances, and the ability to add to a catalog file via
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27 # a Python API.
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28 #
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29 # Barry Warsaw integrated these modules, wrote the .install() API and code,
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30 # and conformed all C and Python code to Python's coding standards.
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31 #
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32 # Francois Pinard and Marc-Andre Lemburg also contributed valuably to this
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33 # module.
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34 #
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35 # J. David Ibanez implemented plural forms.
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36 #
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37 # TODO:
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38 # - Lazy loading of .mo files. Currently the entire catalog is loaded into
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39 # memory, but that's probably bad for large translated programs. Instead,
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40 # the lexical sort of original strings in GNU .mo files should be exploited
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41 # to do binary searches and lazy initializations. Or you might want to use
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42 # the undocumented double-hash algorithm for .mo files with hash tables, but
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43 # you'll need to study the GNU gettext code to do this.
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44 #
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45 # - Support Solaris .mo file formats. Unfortunately, we've been unable to
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46 # find this format documented anywhere.
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47
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48
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49 import copy, os, re, struct, sys
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50 from errno import ENOENT
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51
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52
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53 __all__ = ["bindtextdomain","textdomain","gettext","dgettext",
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54 "find","translation","install","Catalog"]
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55
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56 _default_localedir = os.path.join(sys.prefix, 'share', 'locale')
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57
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58
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59 def test(condition, true, false):
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60 """
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61 Implements the C expression:
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62
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63 condition ? true : false
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64
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65 Required to correctly interpret plural forms.
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66 """
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67 if condition:
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68 return true
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69 else:
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70 return false
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71
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72
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73 def c2py(plural):
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74 """
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75 Gets a C expression as used in PO files for plural forms and
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76 returns a Python lambda function that implements an equivalent
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77 expression.
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78 """
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79 # Security check, allow only the "n" identifier
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80 from StringIO import StringIO
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81 import token, tokenize
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82 tokens = tokenize.generate_tokens(StringIO(plural).readline)
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83 danger = [ x for x in tokens if x[0] == token.NAME and x[1] != 'n' ]
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84 if danger:
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85 raise ValueError, 'dangerous expression'
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86
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87 # Replace some C operators by their Python equivalents
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88 plural = plural.replace('&&', ' and ')
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89 plural = plural.replace('||', ' or ')
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90
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91 expr = re.compile(r'\![^=]')
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92 plural = expr.sub(' not ', plural)
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93
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94 # Regular expression and replacement function used to transform
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95 # "a?b:c" to "test(a,b,c)".
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96 expr = re.compile(r'(.*?)\?(.*?):(.*)')
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97 def repl(x):
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98 return "test(%s, %s, %s)" % (x.group(1), x.group(2),
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99 expr.sub(repl, x.group(3)))
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100
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101 # Code to transform the plural expression, taking care of parentheses
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102 stack = ['']
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103 for c in plural:
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104 if c == '(':
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105 stack.append('')
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106 elif c == ')':
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107 if len(stack) == 0:
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108 raise ValueError, 'unbalanced parenthesis in plural form'
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109 s = expr.sub(repl, stack.pop())
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110 stack[-1] += '(%s)' % s
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111 else:
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112 stack[-1] += c
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113 plural = expr.sub(repl, stack.pop())
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114
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115 return eval('lambda n: int(%s)' % plural)
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116
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117
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118
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119 def _expand_lang(locale):
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120 from locale import normalize
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121 locale = normalize(locale)
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122 COMPONENT_CODESET = 1 << 0
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123 COMPONENT_TERRITORY = 1 << 1
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124 COMPONENT_MODIFIER = 1 << 2
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125 # split up the locale into its base components
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126 mask = 0
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127 pos = locale.find('@')
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128 if pos >= 0:
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129 modifier = locale[pos:]
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130 locale = locale[:pos]
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131 mask |= COMPONENT_MODIFIER
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132 else:
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133 modifier = ''
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134 pos = locale.find('.')
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135 if pos >= 0:
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136 codeset = locale[pos:]
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137 locale = locale[:pos]
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138 mask |= COMPONENT_CODESET
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139 else:
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140 codeset = ''
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141 pos = locale.find('_')
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142 if pos >= 0:
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143 territory = locale[pos:]
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144 locale = locale[:pos]
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145 mask |= COMPONENT_TERRITORY
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146 else:
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147 territory = ''
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148 language = locale
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149 ret = []
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150 for i in range(mask+1):
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151 if not (i & ~mask): # if all components for this combo exist ...
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152 val = language
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153 if i & COMPONENT_TERRITORY: val += territory
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154 if i & COMPONENT_CODESET: val += codeset
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155 if i & COMPONENT_MODIFIER: val += modifier
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156 ret.append(val)
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157 ret.reverse()
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158 return ret
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159
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160
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161
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162 class NullTranslations:
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163 def __init__(self, fp=None):
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164 self._info = {}
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165 self._charset = None
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166 self._fallback = None
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167 if fp is not None:
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168 self._parse(fp)
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169
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170 def _parse(self, fp):
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171 pass
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172
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173 def add_fallback(self, fallback):
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174 if self._fallback:
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175 self._fallback.add_fallback(fallback)
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176 else:
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177 self._fallback = fallback
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178
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179 def gettext(self, message):
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180 if self._fallback:
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181 return self._fallback.gettext(message)
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182 return message
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183
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184 def ngettext(self, msgid1, msgid2, n):
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185 if self._fallback:
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186 return self._fallback.ngettext(msgid1, msgid2, n)
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187 if n == 1:
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188 return msgid1
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189 else:
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190 return msgid2
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191
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192 def ugettext(self, message):
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193 if self._fallback:
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194 return self._fallback.ugettext(message)
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195 return unicode(message)
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196
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197 def ungettext(self, msgid1, msgid2, n):
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198 if self._fallback:
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199 return self._fallback.ungettext(msgid1, msgid2, n)
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200 if n == 1:
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201 return unicode(msgid1)
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202 else:
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203 return unicode(msgid2)
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204
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205 def info(self):
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206 return self._info
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207
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208 def charset(self):
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209 return self._charset
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210
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211 def install(self, unicode=0):
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212 import __builtin__
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213 __builtin__.__dict__['_'] = unicode and self.ugettext or self.gettext
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214
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215
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216 class GNUTranslations(NullTranslations):
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217 # Magic number of .mo files
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218 LE_MAGIC = 0x950412deL
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219 BE_MAGIC = 0xde120495L
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220
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221 def _parse(self, fp):
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222 """Override this method to support alternative .mo formats."""
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223 unpack = struct.unpack
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224 filename = getattr(fp, 'name', '')
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225 # Parse the .mo file header, which consists of 5 little endian 32
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226 # bit words.
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227 self._catalog = catalog = {}
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228 buf = fp.read()
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229 buflen = len(buf)
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230 # Are we big endian or little endian?
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231 magic = unpack('<I', buf[:4])[0]
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232 if magic == self.LE_MAGIC:
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233 version, msgcount, masteridx, transidx = unpack('<4I', buf[4:20])
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234 ii = '<II'
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235 elif magic == self.BE_MAGIC:
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236 version, msgcount, masteridx, transidx = unpack('>4I', buf[4:20])
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237 ii = '>II'
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238 else:
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239 raise IOError(0, 'Bad magic number', filename)
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240 # Now put all messages from the .mo file buffer into the catalog
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241 # dictionary.
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242 for i in xrange(0, msgcount):
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243 mlen, moff = unpack(ii, buf[masteridx:masteridx+8])
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244 mend = moff + mlen
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245 tlen, toff = unpack(ii, buf[transidx:transidx+8])
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246 tend = toff + tlen
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247 if mend < buflen and tend < buflen:
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248 msg = buf[moff:mend]
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249 tmsg = buf[toff:tend]
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250 if msg.find('\x00') >= 0:
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251 # Plural forms
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252 msgid1, msgid2 = msg.split('\x00')
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253 tmsg = tmsg.split('\x00')
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254 for i in range(len(tmsg)):
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255 catalog[(msgid1, i)] = tmsg[i]
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256 else:
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257 catalog[msg] = tmsg
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258 else:
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259 raise IOError(0, 'File is corrupt', filename)
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260 # See if we're looking at GNU .mo conventions for metadata
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261 if mlen == 0 and tmsg.lower().startswith('project-id-version:'):
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262 # Catalog description
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263 for item in tmsg.split('\n'):
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264 item = item.strip()
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265 if not item:
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266 continue
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267 k, v = item.split(':', 1)
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268 k = k.strip().lower()
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269 v = v.strip()
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270 self._info[k] = v
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271 if k == 'content-type':
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272 self._charset = v.split('charset=')[1]
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273 elif k == 'plural-forms':
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274 v = v.split(';')
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275 ## nplurals = v[0].split('nplurals=')[1]
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276 ## nplurals = int(nplurals.strip())
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277 plural = v[1].split('plural=')[1]
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278 self.plural = c2py(plural)
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279 # advance to next entry in the seek tables
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280 masteridx += 8
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281 transidx += 8
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282
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283 def gettext(self, message):
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284 try:
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285 return self._catalog[message]
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286 except KeyError:
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287 if self._fallback:
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288 return self._fallback.gettext(message)
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289 return message
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290
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291
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292 def ngettext(self, msgid1, msgid2, n):
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293 try:
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294 return self._catalog[(msgid1, self.plural(n))]
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295 except KeyError:
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296 if self._fallback:
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297 return self._fallback.ngettext(msgid1, msgid2, n)
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298 if n == 1:
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299 return msgid1
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300 else:
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301 return msgid2
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302
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303
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304 def ugettext(self, message):
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305 try:
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306 tmsg = self._catalog[message]
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307 except KeyError:
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308 if self._fallback:
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309 return self._fallback.ugettext(message)
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310 tmsg = message
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311 return unicode(tmsg, self._charset)
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312
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313
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314 def ungettext(self, msgid1, msgid2, n):
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315 try:
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316 tmsg = self._catalog[(msgid1, self.plural(n))]
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317 except KeyError:
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318 if self._fallback:
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319 return self._fallback.ungettext(msgid1, msgid2, n)
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320 if n == 1:
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321 tmsg = msgid1
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322 else:
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323 tmsg = msgid2
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324 return unicode(tmsg, self._charset)
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325
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326
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327 # Locate a .mo file using the gettext strategy
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328 def find(domain, localedir=None, languages=None, all=0):
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329 # Get some reasonable defaults for arguments that were not supplied
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330 if localedir is None:
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331 localedir = _default_localedir
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332 if languages is None:
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333 languages = []
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334 for envar in ('LANGUAGE', 'LC_ALL', 'LC_MESSAGES', 'LANG'):
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335 val = os.environ.get(envar)
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336 if val:
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337 languages = val.split(':')
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338 break
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339 if 'C' not in languages:
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340 languages.append('C')
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341 # now normalize and expand the languages
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342 nelangs = []
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343 for lang in languages:
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344 for nelang in _expand_lang(lang):
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345 if nelang not in nelangs:
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346 nelangs.append(nelang)
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347 # select a language
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348 if all:
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349 result = []
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350 else:
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351 result = None
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352 for lang in nelangs:
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353 if lang == 'C':
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diff changeset
354 break
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diff changeset
355 mofile = os.path.join(localedir, lang, 'LC_MESSAGES', '%s.mo' % domain)
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356 if os.path.exists(mofile):
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357 if all:
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358 result.append(mofile)
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359 else:
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360 return mofile
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361 return result
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362
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363
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diff changeset
364
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365 # a mapping between absolute .mo file path and Translation object
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366 _translations = {}
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367
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diff changeset
368 def translation(domain, localedir=None, languages=None,
48ecd6061e88 Add fallback argument to translation(). Request fallbacks on install.
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diff changeset
369 class_=None, fallback=0):
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370 if class_ is None:
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371 class_ = GNUTranslations
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diff changeset
372 mofiles = find(domain, localedir, languages, all=1)
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diff changeset
373 if len(mofiles)==0:
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374 if fallback:
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375 return NullTranslations()
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diff changeset
376 raise IOError(ENOENT, 'No translation file found for domain', domain)
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377 # TBD: do we need to worry about the file pointer getting collected?
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diff changeset
378 # Avoid opening, reading, and parsing the .mo file after it's been done
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diff changeset
379 # once.
21704
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diff changeset
380 result = None
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diff changeset
381 for mofile in mofiles:
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diff changeset
382 key = os.path.abspath(mofile)
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diff changeset
383 t = _translations.get(key)
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diff changeset
384 if t is None:
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diff changeset
385 t = _translations.setdefault(key, class_(open(mofile, 'rb')))
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diff changeset
386 # Copy the translation object to allow setting fallbacks.
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diff changeset
387 # All other instance data is shared with the cached object.
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diff changeset
388 t = copy.copy(t)
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389 if result is None:
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390 result = t
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391 else:
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392 result.add_fallback(t)
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393 return result
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394
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395
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396 def install(domain, localedir=None, unicode=0):
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397 translation(domain, localedir, fallback=1).install(unicode)
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398
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399
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400
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401 # a mapping b/w domains and locale directories
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402 _localedirs = {}
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403 # current global domain, `messages' used for compatibility w/ GNU gettext
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404 _current_domain = 'messages'
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405
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406
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407 def textdomain(domain=None):
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408 global _current_domain
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409 if domain is not None:
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410 _current_domain = domain
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411 return _current_domain
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412
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413
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414 def bindtextdomain(domain, localedir=None):
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415 global _localedirs
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416 if localedir is not None:
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417 _localedirs[domain] = localedir
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418 return _localedirs.get(domain, _default_localedir)
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419
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420
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421 def dgettext(domain, message):
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422 try:
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423 t = translation(domain, _localedirs.get(domain, None))
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424 except IOError:
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425 return message
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426 return t.gettext(message)
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427
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428
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429 def dngettext(domain, msgid1, msgid2, n):
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430 try:
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431 t = translation(domain, _localedirs.get(domain, None))
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432 except IOError:
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433 if n == 1:
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434 return msgid1
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435 else:
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436 return msgid2
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437 return t.ngettext(msgid1, msgid2, n)
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438
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439
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440 def gettext(message):
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441 return dgettext(_current_domain, message)
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442
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443
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444 def ngettext(msgid1, msgid2, n):
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445 return dngettext(_current_domain, msgid1, msgid2, n)
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446
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447
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448 # dcgettext() has been deemed unnecessary and is not implemented.
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449
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450 # James Henstridge's Catalog constructor from GNOME gettext. Documented usage
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451 # was:
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452 #
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453 # import gettext
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454 # cat = gettext.Catalog(PACKAGE, localedir=LOCALEDIR)
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455 # _ = cat.gettext
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456 # print _('Hello World')
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457
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458 # The resulting catalog object currently don't support access through a
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459 # dictionary API, which was supported (but apparently unused) in GNOME
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460 # gettext.
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461
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462 Catalog = translation