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Merged revisions 78207 via svnmerge from svn+ssh://pythondev@svn.python.org/python/trunk ........ r78207 | ezio.melotti | 2010-02-17 01:26:09 +0200 (Wed, 17 Feb 2010) | 1 line #7930: fix stripid ........
author Ezio Melotti <ezio.melotti@gmail.com>
date Tue, 16 Feb 2010 23:29:44 +0000
parents 986709c24531
children e2762f495393 aaeb65bab3c0
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1 ============
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2 MacOSX Notes
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3 ============
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4
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5 This document provides a quick overview of some Mac OS X specific features in
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6 the Python distribution.
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7
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8 Mac-specific arguments to configure
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9 ===================================
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10
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11 * ``--enable-framework``
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12
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13 If this argument is specified the build will create a Python.framework rather
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14 than a traditional Unix install. See the section
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15 _`Building and using a framework-based Python on Mac OS X` for more
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16 information on frameworks.
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17
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18 * ``--with-framework-name=NAME``
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19
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20 Specify the name for the python framework, defaults to ``Python``. This option
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21 is only valid when ``--enable-framework`` is specified.
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22
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23 * ``--enable-universalsdk[=PATH]``
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24
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25 Create a universal binary build of of Python. This can be used with both
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26 regular and framework builds.
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27
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28 The optional argument specifies with OSX SDK should be used to perform the
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29 build. This defaults to ``/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX.10.4u.sdk``, specify
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30 ``/`` when building on a 10.5 system, especially when building 64-bit code.
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31
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32 See the section _`Building and using a universal binary of Python on Mac OS X`
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33 for more information.
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34
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35 * ``--with-univeral-archs=VALUE``
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36
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37 Specify the kind of universal binary that should be created. This option is
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38 only valid when ``--enable-universalsdk`` is specified.
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39
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40
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41
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42 Building and using a universal binary of Python on Mac OS X
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43 ===========================================================
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44
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45 1. What is a universal binary
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46 -----------------------------
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47
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48 A universal binary build of Python contains object code for both PPC and i386
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49 and can therefore run at native speed on both classic powerpc based macs and
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50 the newer intel based macs.
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51
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52 2. How do I build a universal binary
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53 ------------------------------------
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54
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55 You can enable universal binaries by specifying the "--enable-universalsdk"
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56 flag to configure::
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57
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58 $ ./configure --enable-universalsdk
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59 $ make
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60 $ make install
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61
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62 This flag can be used a framework build of python, but also with a classic
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63 unix build. Either way you will have to build python on Mac OS X 10.4 (or later)
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64 with Xcode 2.1 (or later). You also have to install the 10.4u SDK when
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65 installing Xcode.
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66
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67 The option ``--enable-universalsdk`` has an optional argument to specify an
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68 SDK, which defaults to the 10.4u SDK. When you build on OSX 10.5 or later
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69 you can use the system headers instead of an SDK::
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70
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71 $ ./configure --enable-universalsdk=/
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72
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73 2.1 Flavours of universal binaries
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74 ..................................
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75
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76 It is possible to build a number of flavours of the universal binary build,
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77 the default is a 32-bit only binary (i386 and ppc). The flavour can be
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78 specified using the option ``--with-universal-archs=VALUE``. The following
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79 values are available:
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80
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81 * ``32-bit``: ``ppc``, ``i386``
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82
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83 * ``64-bit``: ``ppc64``, ``x86_64``
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84
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85 * ``all``: ``ppc``, ``ppc64``, ``i386``, ``x86_64``
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86
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87 * ``3-way``: ``ppc``, ``i386`` and ``x86_64``
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88
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89 * ``intel``: ``i386``, ``x86_64``
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90
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91 To build a universal binary that includes a 64-bit architecture you must build
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92 on a system running OSX 10.5 or later. The ``all`` flavour can only be build on
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93 OSX 10.5.
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94
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95
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96 Building and using a framework-based Python on Mac OS X.
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97 ========================================================
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98
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99
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100 1. Why would I want a framework Python instead of a normal static Python?
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101 --------------------------------------------------------------------------
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102
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103 The main reason is because you want to create GUI programs in Python. With the
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104 exception of X11/XDarwin-based GUI toolkits all GUI programs need to be run
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105 from a fullblown MacOSX application (a ".app" bundle).
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106
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107 While it is technically possible to create a .app without using frameworks you
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108 will have to do the work yourself if you really want this.
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109
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110 A second reason for using frameworks is that they put Python-related items in
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111 only two places: "/Library/Framework/Python.framework" and
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112 "/Applications/MacPython 2.6". This simplifies matters for users installing
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113 Python from a binary distribution if they want to get rid of it again. Moreover,
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114 due to the way frameworks work a user without admin privileges can install a
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115 binary distribution in his or her home directory without recompilation.
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116
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117 2. How does a framework Python differ from a normal static Python?
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118 ------------------------------------------------------------------
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119
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120 In everyday use there is no difference, except that things are stored in
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121 a different place. If you look in /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework
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122 you will see lots of relative symlinks, see the Apple documentation for
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123 details. If you are used to a normal unix Python file layout go down to
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124 Versions/Current and you will see the familiar bin and lib directories.
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125
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126 3. Do I need extra packages?
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127 ----------------------------
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128
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129 Yes, probably. If you want Tkinter support you need to get the OSX AquaTk
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130 distribution, this is installed by default on Mac OS X 10.4 or later. If
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131 you want wxPython you need to get that. If you want Cocoa you need to get
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132 PyObjC.
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133
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134 4. How do I build a framework Python?
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135 -------------------------------------
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136
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137 This directory contains a Makefile that will create a couple of python-related
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138 applications (fullblown OSX .app applications, that is) in
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139 "/Applications/MacPython 2.6", and a hidden helper application Python.app
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140 inside the Python.framework, and unix tools "python" and "pythonw" into
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141 /usr/local/bin. In addition it has a target "installmacsubtree" that installs
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142 the relevant portions of the Mac subtree into the Python.framework.
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143
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144 It is normally invoked indirectly through the main Makefile, as the last step
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145 in the sequence::
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146
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147 $ ./configure --enable-framework
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148 $ make
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149 $ make install
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150
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151 This sequence will put the framework in /Library/Framework/Python.framework,
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152 the applications in "/Applications/MacPython 2.6" and the unix tools in
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153 /usr/local/bin.
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154
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155 It is possible to select a different name for the framework using the configure
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156 option ``--with-framework-name=NAME``. This makes it possible to have several
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157 parallel installs of a Python framework.
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158
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159 Installing in another place, for instance $HOME/Library/Frameworks if you have
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160 no admin privileges on your machine, has only been tested very lightly. This
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161 can be done by configuring with --enable-framework=$HOME/Library/Frameworks.
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162 The other two directories, "/Applications/MacPython-2.6" and /usr/local/bin,
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163 will then also be deposited in $HOME. This is sub-optimal for the unix tools,
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164 which you would want in $HOME/bin, but there is no easy way to fix this right
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165 now.
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166
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167 What do all these programs do?
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168 ===============================
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169
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170 "IDLE.app" is an integrated development environment for Python: editor,
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171 debugger, etc.
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172
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173 "PythonLauncher.app" is a helper application that will handle things when you
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174 double-click a .py, .pyc or .pyw file. For the first two it creates a Terminal
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175 window and runs the scripts with the normal command-line Python. For the
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176 latter it runs the script in the Python.app interpreter so the script can do
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177 GUI-things. Keep the "alt" key depressed while dragging or double-clicking a
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178 script to set runtime options. These options can be set once and for all
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179 through PythonLauncher's preferences dialog.
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180
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181 "BuildApplet.app" creates an applet from a Python script. Drop the script on it
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182 and out comes a full-featured MacOS application. There is much more to this,
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183 to be supplied later. Some useful (but outdated) info can be found in
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184 Mac/Demo.
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185
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186 The commandline scripts /usr/local/bin/python and pythonw can be used to run
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187 non-GUI and GUI python scripts from the command line, respectively.
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188
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189 How do I create a binary distribution?
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190 ======================================
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191
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192 Go to the directory "Mac/OSX/BuildScript". There you'll find a script
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193 "build-installer.py" that does all the work. This will download and build
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194 a number of 3th-party libaries, configures and builds a framework Python,
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195 installs it, creates the installer pacakge files and then packs this in a
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196 DMG image.
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197
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198 The script will build a universal binary, you'll therefore have to run this
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199 script on Mac OS X 10.4 or later and with Xcode 2.1 or later installed.
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200
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201 All of this is normally done completely isolated in /tmp/_py, so it does not
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202 use your normal build directory nor does it install into /.
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203
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204 Because of the way the script locates the files it needs you have to run it
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205 from within the BuildScript directory. The script accepts a number of
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206 command-line arguments, run it with --help for more information.
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207
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208 Odds and ends
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209 =============
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210
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211 Something to take note of is that the ".rsrc" files in the distribution are
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212 not actually resource files, they're AppleSingle encoded resource files. The
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213 macresource module and the Mac/OSX/Makefile cater for this, and create
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214 ".rsrc.df.rsrc" files on the fly that are normal datafork-based resource
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215 files.
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216
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217 Jack Jansen, Jack.Jansen@cwi.nl, 15-Jul-2004.
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218 Ronald Oussoren, RonaldOussoren@mac.com, 26-May-2006