Mercurial > cpython-lru_cache-weakref
annotate Lib/SocketServer.py @ 44825:ef859cd754a7 legacy-trunk
Fixed a wrong assumption in configure.in and Include/pyport.h. The is finite function is not called isfinite() but finite(). Sorry, my fault. :)
| author | Christian Heimes <christian@cheimes.de> |
|---|---|
| date | Sun, 20 Jan 2008 14:28:28 +0000 |
| parents | cde41bd08e5e |
| children | e518e39f4a9e |
| rev | line source |
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| 2887 | 1 """Generic socket server classes. |
| 2 | |
| 3 This module tries to capture the various aspects of defining a server: | |
| 4 | |
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5 For socket-based servers: |
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6 |
| 2887 | 7 - address family: |
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8 - AF_INET{,6}: IP (Internet Protocol) sockets (default) |
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9 - AF_UNIX: Unix domain sockets |
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10 - others, e.g. AF_DECNET are conceivable (see <socket.h> |
| 2887 | 11 - socket type: |
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12 - SOCK_STREAM (reliable stream, e.g. TCP) |
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13 - SOCK_DGRAM (datagrams, e.g. UDP) |
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14 |
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15 For request-based servers (including socket-based): |
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| 2887 | 17 - client address verification before further looking at the request |
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18 (This is actually a hook for any processing that needs to look |
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19 at the request before anything else, e.g. logging) |
| 2887 | 20 - how to handle multiple requests: |
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21 - synchronous (one request is handled at a time) |
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22 - forking (each request is handled by a new process) |
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23 - threading (each request is handled by a new thread) |
| 2887 | 24 |
| 25 The classes in this module favor the server type that is simplest to | |
| 26 write: a synchronous TCP/IP server. This is bad class design, but | |
| 27 save some typing. (There's also the issue that a deep class hierarchy | |
| 28 slows down method lookups.) | |
| 29 | |
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30 There are five classes in an inheritance diagram, four of which represent |
| 2887 | 31 synchronous servers of four types: |
| 32 | |
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33 +------------+ |
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34 | BaseServer | |
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35 +------------+ |
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36 | |
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37 v |
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38 +-----------+ +------------------+ |
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39 | TCPServer |------->| UnixStreamServer | |
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40 +-----------+ +------------------+ |
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41 | |
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42 v |
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43 +-----------+ +--------------------+ |
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44 | UDPServer |------->| UnixDatagramServer | |
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45 +-----------+ +--------------------+ |
| 2887 | 46 |
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47 Note that UnixDatagramServer derives from UDPServer, not from |
| 2887 | 48 UnixStreamServer -- the only difference between an IP and a Unix |
| 49 stream server is the address family, which is simply repeated in both | |
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50 unix server classes. |
| 2887 | 51 |
| 52 Forking and threading versions of each type of server can be created | |
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53 using the ForkingMixIn and ThreadingMixIn mix-in classes. For |
| 2887 | 54 instance, a threading UDP server class is created as follows: |
| 55 | |
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56 class ThreadingUDPServer(ThreadingMixIn, UDPServer): pass |
| 2887 | 57 |
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58 The Mix-in class must come first, since it overrides a method defined |
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59 in UDPServer! Setting the various member variables also changes |
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60 the behavior of the underlying server mechanism. |
| 2887 | 61 |
| 62 To implement a service, you must derive a class from | |
| 63 BaseRequestHandler and redefine its handle() method. You can then run | |
| 64 various versions of the service by combining one of the server classes | |
| 65 with your request handler class. | |
| 66 | |
| 67 The request handler class must be different for datagram or stream | |
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68 services. This can be hidden by using the request handler |
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69 subclasses StreamRequestHandler or DatagramRequestHandler. |
| 2887 | 70 |
| 71 Of course, you still have to use your head! | |
| 72 | |
| 73 For instance, it makes no sense to use a forking server if the service | |
| 74 contains state in memory that can be modified by requests (since the | |
| 75 modifications in the child process would never reach the initial state | |
| 76 kept in the parent process and passed to each child). In this case, | |
| 77 you can use a threading server, but you will probably have to use | |
| 78 locks to avoid two requests that come in nearly simultaneous to apply | |
| 79 conflicting changes to the server state. | |
| 80 | |
| 81 On the other hand, if you are building e.g. an HTTP server, where all | |
| 82 data is stored externally (e.g. in the file system), a synchronous | |
| 83 class will essentially render the service "deaf" while one request is | |
| 84 being handled -- which may be for a very long time if a client is slow | |
| 85 to reqd all the data it has requested. Here a threading or forking | |
| 86 server is appropriate. | |
| 87 | |
| 88 In some cases, it may be appropriate to process part of a request | |
| 89 synchronously, but to finish processing in a forked child depending on | |
| 90 the request data. This can be implemented by using a synchronous | |
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91 server and doing an explicit fork in the request handler class |
| 2887 | 92 handle() method. |
| 93 | |
| 94 Another approach to handling multiple simultaneous requests in an | |
| 95 environment that supports neither threads nor fork (or where these are | |
| 96 too expensive or inappropriate for the service) is to maintain an | |
| 97 explicit table of partially finished requests and to use select() to | |
| 98 decide which request to work on next (or whether to handle a new | |
| 99 incoming request). This is particularly important for stream services | |
| 100 where each client can potentially be connected for a long time (if | |
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101 threads or subprocesses cannot be used). |
| 2887 | 102 |
| 103 Future work: | |
| 104 - Standard classes for Sun RPC (which uses either UDP or TCP) | |
| 105 - Standard mix-in classes to implement various authentication | |
| 106 and encryption schemes | |
| 107 - Standard framework for select-based multiplexing | |
| 108 | |
| 109 XXX Open problems: | |
| 110 - What to do with out-of-band data? | |
| 111 | |
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112 BaseServer: |
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113 - split generic "request" functionality out into BaseServer class. |
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114 Copyright (C) 2000 Luke Kenneth Casson Leighton <lkcl@samba.org> |
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115 |
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116 example: read entries from a SQL database (requires overriding |
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117 get_request() to return a table entry from the database). |
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118 entry is processed by a RequestHandlerClass. |
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119 |
| 2887 | 120 """ |
| 121 | |
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122 # Author of the BaseServer patch: Luke Kenneth Casson Leighton |
| 2887 | 123 |
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124 # XXX Warning! |
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125 # There is a test suite for this module, but it cannot be run by the |
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126 # standard regression test. |
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127 # To run it manually, run Lib/test/test_socketserver.py. |
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128 |
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129 __version__ = "0.4" |
| 2887 | 130 |
| 131 | |
| 132 import socket | |
| 133 import sys | |
| 134 import os | |
| 135 | |
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136 __all__ = ["TCPServer","UDPServer","ForkingUDPServer","ForkingTCPServer", |
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137 "ThreadingUDPServer","ThreadingTCPServer","BaseRequestHandler", |
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138 "StreamRequestHandler","DatagramRequestHandler", |
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139 "ThreadingMixIn", "ForkingMixIn"] |
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140 if hasattr(socket, "AF_UNIX"): |
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141 __all__.extend(["UnixStreamServer","UnixDatagramServer", |
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142 "ThreadingUnixStreamServer", |
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143 "ThreadingUnixDatagramServer"]) |
| 2887 | 144 |
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145 class BaseServer: |
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146 |
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147 """Base class for server classes. |
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148 |
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149 Methods for the caller: |
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150 |
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151 - __init__(server_address, RequestHandlerClass) |
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152 - serve_forever() |
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153 - handle_request() # if you do not use serve_forever() |
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154 - fileno() -> int # for select() |
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155 |
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156 Methods that may be overridden: |
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157 |
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158 - server_bind() |
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159 - server_activate() |
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160 - get_request() -> request, client_address |
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161 - handle_timeout() |
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162 - verify_request(request, client_address) |
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163 - server_close() |
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164 - process_request(request, client_address) |
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165 - close_request(request) |
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166 - handle_error() |
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167 |
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168 Methods for derived classes: |
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169 |
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170 - finish_request(request, client_address) |
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171 |
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172 Class variables that may be overridden by derived classes or |
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173 instances: |
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174 |
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175 - timeout |
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176 - address_family |
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177 - socket_type |
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178 - allow_reuse_address |
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179 |
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180 Instance variables: |
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181 |
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182 - RequestHandlerClass |
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183 - socket |
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184 |
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185 """ |
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186 |
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187 timeout = None |
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188 |
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189 def __init__(self, server_address, RequestHandlerClass): |
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190 """Constructor. May be extended, do not override.""" |
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191 self.server_address = server_address |
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192 self.RequestHandlerClass = RequestHandlerClass |
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193 |
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194 def server_activate(self): |
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195 """Called by constructor to activate the server. |
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196 |
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197 May be overridden. |
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198 |
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199 """ |
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200 pass |
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201 |
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202 def serve_forever(self): |
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203 """Handle one request at a time until doomsday.""" |
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204 while 1: |
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205 self.handle_request() |
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206 |
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207 # The distinction between handling, getting, processing and |
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208 # finishing a request is fairly arbitrary. Remember: |
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209 # |
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210 # - handle_request() is the top-level call. It calls |
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211 # await_request(), verify_request() and process_request() |
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212 # - get_request(), called by await_request(), is different for |
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213 # stream or datagram sockets |
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214 # - process_request() is the place that may fork a new process |
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215 # or create a new thread to finish the request |
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216 # - finish_request() instantiates the request handler class; |
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217 # this constructor will handle the request all by itself |
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218 |
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219 def handle_request(self): |
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220 """Handle one request, possibly blocking.""" |
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221 try: |
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222 request, client_address = self.await_request() |
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223 except socket.error: |
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224 return |
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225 if self.verify_request(request, client_address): |
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226 try: |
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227 self.process_request(request, client_address) |
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228 except: |
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229 self.handle_error(request, client_address) |
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230 self.close_request(request) |
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231 |
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232 def await_request(self): |
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233 """Call get_request or handle_timeout, observing self.timeout. |
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234 |
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235 Returns value from get_request() or raises socket.timeout exception if |
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236 timeout was exceeded. |
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237 """ |
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238 if self.timeout is not None: |
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239 # If timeout == 0, you're responsible for your own fd magic. |
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240 import select |
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241 fd_sets = select.select([self], [], [], self.timeout) |
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242 if not fd_sets[0]: |
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243 self.handle_timeout() |
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244 raise socket.timeout("Listening timed out") |
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245 return self.get_request() |
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246 |
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247 def handle_timeout(self): |
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248 """Called if no new request arrives within self.timeout. |
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249 |
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250 Overridden by ForkingMixIn. |
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251 """ |
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252 pass |
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253 |
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254 def verify_request(self, request, client_address): |
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255 """Verify the request. May be overridden. |
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256 |
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257 Return True if we should proceed with this request. |
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258 |
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259 """ |
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260 return True |
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261 |
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262 def process_request(self, request, client_address): |
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263 """Call finish_request. |
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264 |
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265 Overridden by ForkingMixIn and ThreadingMixIn. |
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266 |
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267 """ |
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268 self.finish_request(request, client_address) |
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269 self.close_request(request) |
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270 |
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271 def server_close(self): |
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272 """Called to clean-up the server. |
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273 |
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274 May be overridden. |
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275 |
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276 """ |
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277 pass |
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278 |
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279 def finish_request(self, request, client_address): |
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280 """Finish one request by instantiating RequestHandlerClass.""" |
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281 self.RequestHandlerClass(request, client_address, self) |
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282 |
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283 def close_request(self, request): |
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284 """Called to clean up an individual request.""" |
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285 pass |
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286 |
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287 def handle_error(self, request, client_address): |
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288 """Handle an error gracefully. May be overridden. |
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289 |
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290 The default is to print a traceback and continue. |
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291 |
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292 """ |
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293 print '-'*40 |
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294 print 'Exception happened during processing of request from', |
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295 print client_address |
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296 import traceback |
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297 traceback.print_exc() # XXX But this goes to stderr! |
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298 print '-'*40 |
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299 |
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300 |
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301 class TCPServer(BaseServer): |
| 2887 | 302 |
| 303 """Base class for various socket-based server classes. | |
| 304 | |
| 305 Defaults to synchronous IP stream (i.e., TCP). | |
| 306 | |
| 307 Methods for the caller: | |
| 308 | |
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309 - __init__(server_address, RequestHandlerClass, bind_and_activate=True) |
| 2887 | 310 - serve_forever() |
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311 - handle_request() # if you don't use serve_forever() |
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312 - fileno() -> int # for select() |
| 2887 | 313 |
| 314 Methods that may be overridden: | |
| 315 | |
| 316 - server_bind() | |
| 317 - server_activate() | |
| 318 - get_request() -> request, client_address | |
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319 - handle_timeout() |
| 2887 | 320 - verify_request(request, client_address) |
| 321 - process_request(request, client_address) | |
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322 - close_request(request) |
| 2887 | 323 - handle_error() |
| 324 | |
| 325 Methods for derived classes: | |
| 326 | |
| 327 - finish_request(request, client_address) | |
| 328 | |
| 329 Class variables that may be overridden by derived classes or | |
| 330 instances: | |
| 331 | |
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332 - timeout |
| 2887 | 333 - address_family |
| 334 - socket_type | |
| 335 - request_queue_size (only for stream sockets) | |
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336 - allow_reuse_address |
| 2887 | 337 |
| 338 Instance variables: | |
| 339 | |
| 340 - server_address | |
| 341 - RequestHandlerClass | |
| 342 - socket | |
| 343 | |
| 344 """ | |
| 345 | |
| 346 address_family = socket.AF_INET | |
| 347 | |
| 348 socket_type = socket.SOCK_STREAM | |
| 349 | |
| 350 request_queue_size = 5 | |
| 351 | |
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352 allow_reuse_address = False |
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353 |
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354 def __init__(self, server_address, RequestHandlerClass, bind_and_activate=True): |
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355 """Constructor. May be extended, do not override.""" |
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356 BaseServer.__init__(self, server_address, RequestHandlerClass) |
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357 self.socket = socket.socket(self.address_family, |
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358 self.socket_type) |
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359 if bind_and_activate: |
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360 self.server_bind() |
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361 self.server_activate() |
| 2887 | 362 |
| 363 def server_bind(self): | |
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364 """Called by constructor to bind the socket. |
| 2887 | 365 |
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366 May be overridden. |
| 2887 | 367 |
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368 """ |
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369 if self.allow_reuse_address: |
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370 self.socket.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1) |
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371 self.socket.bind(self.server_address) |
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372 self.server_address = self.socket.getsockname() |
| 2887 | 373 |
| 374 def server_activate(self): | |
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375 """Called by constructor to activate the server. |
| 2887 | 376 |
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377 May be overridden. |
| 2887 | 378 |
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379 """ |
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380 self.socket.listen(self.request_queue_size) |
| 2887 | 381 |
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382 def server_close(self): |
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383 """Called to clean-up the server. |
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384 |
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385 May be overridden. |
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386 |
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387 """ |
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388 self.socket.close() |
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389 |
| 2887 | 390 def fileno(self): |
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391 """Return socket file number. |
| 2887 | 392 |
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393 Interface required by select(). |
| 2887 | 394 |
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395 """ |
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396 return self.socket.fileno() |
| 2887 | 397 |
| 398 def get_request(self): | |
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399 """Get the request and client address from the socket. |
| 2887 | 400 |
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401 May be overridden. |
| 2887 | 402 |
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403 """ |
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404 return self.socket.accept() |
| 2887 | 405 |
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406 def close_request(self, request): |
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407 """Called to clean up an individual request.""" |
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408 request.close() |
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409 |
| 2887 | 410 |
| 411 class UDPServer(TCPServer): | |
| 412 | |
| 413 """UDP server class.""" | |
| 414 | |
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415 allow_reuse_address = False |
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416 |
| 2887 | 417 socket_type = socket.SOCK_DGRAM |
| 418 | |
| 419 max_packet_size = 8192 | |
| 420 | |
| 421 def get_request(self): | |
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422 data, client_addr = self.socket.recvfrom(self.max_packet_size) |
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423 return (data, self.socket), client_addr |
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424 |
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425 def server_activate(self): |
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426 # No need to call listen() for UDP. |
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427 pass |
| 2887 | 428 |
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429 def close_request(self, request): |
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430 # No need to close anything. |
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431 pass |
| 2887 | 432 |
| 433 class ForkingMixIn: | |
| 434 | |
| 435 """Mix-in class to handle each request in a new process.""" | |
| 436 | |
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437 timeout = 300 |
| 2887 | 438 active_children = None |
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439 max_children = 40 |
| 2887 | 440 |
| 441 def collect_children(self): | |
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442 """Internal routine to wait for children that have exited.""" |
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443 while self.active_children: |
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444 if len(self.active_children) < self.max_children: |
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445 options = os.WNOHANG |
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446 else: |
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447 # If the maximum number of children are already |
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448 # running, block while waiting for a child to exit |
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449 options = 0 |
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450 try: |
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451 pid, status = os.waitpid(0, options) |
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452 except os.error: |
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453 pid = None |
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454 if not pid: break |
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455 self.active_children.remove(pid) |
| 2887 | 456 |
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457 def handle_timeout(self): |
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458 """Wait for zombies after self.timeout seconds of inactivity. |
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459 |
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460 May be extended, do not override. |
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461 """ |
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462 self.collect_children() |
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463 |
| 2887 | 464 def process_request(self, request, client_address): |
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465 """Fork a new subprocess to process the request.""" |
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466 self.collect_children() |
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467 pid = os.fork() |
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468 if pid: |
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469 # Parent process |
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470 if self.active_children is None: |
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471 self.active_children = [] |
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472 self.active_children.append(pid) |
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473 self.close_request(request) |
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474 return |
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475 else: |
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476 # Child process. |
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477 # This must never return, hence os._exit()! |
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478 try: |
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479 self.finish_request(request, client_address) |
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480 os._exit(0) |
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481 except: |
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482 try: |
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483 self.handle_error(request, client_address) |
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484 finally: |
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485 os._exit(1) |
| 2887 | 486 |
| 487 | |
| 488 class ThreadingMixIn: | |
| 489 """Mix-in class to handle each request in a new thread.""" | |
| 490 | |
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491 # Decides how threads will act upon termination of the |
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492 # main process |
| 26347 | 493 daemon_threads = False |
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494 |
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495 def process_request_thread(self, request, client_address): |
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496 """Same as in BaseServer but as a thread. |
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497 |
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498 In addition, exception handling is done here. |
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499 |
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500 """ |
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501 try: |
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502 self.finish_request(request, client_address) |
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503 self.close_request(request) |
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504 except: |
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505 self.handle_error(request, client_address) |
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506 self.close_request(request) |
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507 |
| 2887 | 508 def process_request(self, request, client_address): |
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509 """Start a new thread to process the request.""" |
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510 import threading |
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511 t = threading.Thread(target = self.process_request_thread, |
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512 args = (request, client_address)) |
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513 if self.daemon_threads: |
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514 t.setDaemon (1) |
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515 t.start() |
| 2887 | 516 |
| 517 | |
| 518 class ForkingUDPServer(ForkingMixIn, UDPServer): pass | |
| 519 class ForkingTCPServer(ForkingMixIn, TCPServer): pass | |
| 520 | |
| 521 class ThreadingUDPServer(ThreadingMixIn, UDPServer): pass | |
| 522 class ThreadingTCPServer(ThreadingMixIn, TCPServer): pass | |
| 523 | |
|
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524 if hasattr(socket, 'AF_UNIX'): |
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525 |
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526 class UnixStreamServer(TCPServer): |
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527 address_family = socket.AF_UNIX |
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528 |
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529 class UnixDatagramServer(UDPServer): |
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530 address_family = socket.AF_UNIX |
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531 |
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532 class ThreadingUnixStreamServer(ThreadingMixIn, UnixStreamServer): pass |
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533 |
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534 class ThreadingUnixDatagramServer(ThreadingMixIn, UnixDatagramServer): pass |
| 2887 | 535 |
| 536 class BaseRequestHandler: | |
| 537 | |
| 538 """Base class for request handler classes. | |
| 539 | |
| 540 This class is instantiated for each request to be handled. The | |
| 541 constructor sets the instance variables request, client_address | |
| 542 and server, and then calls the handle() method. To implement a | |
| 543 specific service, all you need to do is to derive a class which | |
| 544 defines a handle() method. | |
| 545 | |
| 546 The handle() method can find the request as self.request, the | |
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547 client address as self.client_address, and the server (in case it |
| 2887 | 548 needs access to per-server information) as self.server. Since a |
| 549 separate instance is created for each request, the handle() method | |
| 550 can define arbitrary other instance variariables. | |
| 551 | |
| 552 """ | |
| 553 | |
| 554 def __init__(self, request, client_address, server): | |
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555 self.request = request |
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556 self.client_address = client_address |
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557 self.server = server |
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558 try: |
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559 self.setup() |
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560 self.handle() |
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561 self.finish() |
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562 finally: |
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563 sys.exc_traceback = None # Help garbage collection |
| 2887 | 564 |
| 565 def setup(self): | |
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566 pass |
| 2887 | 567 |
| 568 def handle(self): | |
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569 pass |
| 2887 | 570 |
| 571 def finish(self): | |
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572 pass |
| 2887 | 573 |
| 574 | |
| 575 # The following two classes make it possible to use the same service | |
| 576 # class for stream or datagram servers. | |
| 577 # Each class sets up these instance variables: | |
| 578 # - rfile: a file object from which receives the request is read | |
| 579 # - wfile: a file object to which the reply is written | |
| 580 # When the handle() method returns, wfile is flushed properly | |
| 581 | |
| 582 | |
| 583 class StreamRequestHandler(BaseRequestHandler): | |
| 584 | |
| 585 """Define self.rfile and self.wfile for stream sockets.""" | |
| 586 | |
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587 # Default buffer sizes for rfile, wfile. |
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588 # We default rfile to buffered because otherwise it could be |
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589 # really slow for large data (a getc() call per byte); we make |
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590 # wfile unbuffered because (a) often after a write() we want to |
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591 # read and we need to flush the line; (b) big writes to unbuffered |
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592 # files are typically optimized by stdio even when big reads |
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593 # aren't. |
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594 rbufsize = -1 |
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595 wbufsize = 0 |
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596 |
| 2887 | 597 def setup(self): |
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598 self.connection = self.request |
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599 self.rfile = self.connection.makefile('rb', self.rbufsize) |
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600 self.wfile = self.connection.makefile('wb', self.wbufsize) |
| 2887 | 601 |
| 602 def finish(self): | |
|
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Clearing out old patch queue. Patch #558547, make SocketServer more
Anthony Baxter <anthonybaxter@gmail.com>
parents:
26347
diff
changeset
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603 if not self.wfile.closed: |
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2687a9085411
Clearing out old patch queue. Patch #558547, make SocketServer more
Anthony Baxter <anthonybaxter@gmail.com>
parents:
26347
diff
changeset
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604 self.wfile.flush() |
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7840
aaa204a05f84
Explicitly close rfile and wfile in StreamRequestHandler.finish() --
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
7755
diff
changeset
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605 self.wfile.close() |
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aaa204a05f84
Explicitly close rfile and wfile in StreamRequestHandler.finish() --
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
7755
diff
changeset
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606 self.rfile.close() |
| 2887 | 607 |
| 608 | |
| 609 class DatagramRequestHandler(BaseRequestHandler): | |
| 610 | |
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18471
99ad6fd279e9
Backport of Guido's checkin 1.25:
Thomas Wouters <thomas@python.org>
parents:
17400
diff
changeset
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611 # XXX Regrettably, I cannot get this working on Linux; |
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99ad6fd279e9
Backport of Guido's checkin 1.25:
Thomas Wouters <thomas@python.org>
parents:
17400
diff
changeset
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612 # s.recvfrom() doesn't return a meaningful client address. |
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99ad6fd279e9
Backport of Guido's checkin 1.25:
Thomas Wouters <thomas@python.org>
parents:
17400
diff
changeset
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613 |
| 2887 | 614 """Define self.rfile and self.wfile for datagram sockets.""" |
| 615 | |
| 616 def setup(self): | |
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34293
cd517701fd93
Use cStringIO where available.
Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com>
parents:
30664
diff
changeset
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617 try: |
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cd517701fd93
Use cStringIO where available.
Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com>
parents:
30664
diff
changeset
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618 from cStringIO import StringIO |
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cd517701fd93
Use cStringIO where available.
Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com>
parents:
30664
diff
changeset
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619 except ImportError: |
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cd517701fd93
Use cStringIO where available.
Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com>
parents:
30664
diff
changeset
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620 from StringIO import StringIO |
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7755
fb4b4d069cc7
Mass check-in after untabifying all files that need it.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6346
diff
changeset
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621 self.packet, self.socket = self.request |
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34293
cd517701fd93
Use cStringIO where available.
Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com>
parents:
30664
diff
changeset
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622 self.rfile = StringIO(self.packet) |
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cd517701fd93
Use cStringIO where available.
Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com>
parents:
30664
diff
changeset
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623 self.wfile = StringIO() |
| 2887 | 624 |
| 625 def finish(self): | |
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8510
de0f0c3ed424
Fixed the UDP server -- this never worked. Ray Loyzaga deserves
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
7840
diff
changeset
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626 self.socket.sendto(self.wfile.getvalue(), self.client_address) |