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annotate Lib/string.py @ 46567:ffeecbebf3ca

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Block 2.6-only doc change.
author Georg Brandl <georg@python.org>
date Sat, 26 Apr 2008 18:28:08 +0000
parents cbc8b3bd3157
children b0fcb17f7efa
Ignore whitespace changes - Everywhere: Within whitespace: At end of lines:
rev   line source
41480
99027c2b3fd2 Remove functions in string module that are also string methods. Also remove:
Neal Norwitz <nnorwitz@gmail.com>
parents: 41226
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1 """A collection of string constants.
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2
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3 Public module variables:
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4
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5 whitespace -- a string containing all characters considered whitespace
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6 lowercase -- a string containing all characters considered lowercase letters
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7 uppercase -- a string containing all characters considered uppercase letters
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8 letters -- a string containing all characters considered letters
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9 digits -- a string containing all characters considered decimal digits
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Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
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10 hexdigits -- a string containing all characters considered hexadecimal digits
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11 octdigits -- a string containing all characters considered octal digits
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12 punctuation -- a string containing all characters considered punctuation
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13 printable -- a string containing all characters considered printable
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14
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15 """
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16
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17 # Some strings for ctype-style character classification
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18 whitespace = ' \t\n\r\v\f'
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19 ascii_lowercase = 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'
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20 ascii_uppercase = 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ'
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21 ascii_letters = ascii_lowercase + ascii_uppercase
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22 digits = '0123456789'
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23 hexdigits = digits + 'abcdef' + 'ABCDEF'
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24 octdigits = '01234567'
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25 punctuation = """!"#$%&'()*+,-./:;<=>?@[\]^_`{|}~"""
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26 printable = digits + ascii_letters + punctuation + whitespace
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27
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28 # Functions which aren't available as string methods.
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29
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30 # Capitalize the words in a string, e.g. " aBc dEf " -> "Abc Def".
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31 def capwords(s, sep=None):
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32 """capwords(s, [sep]) -> string
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33
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34 Split the argument into words using split, capitalize each
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35 word using capitalize, and join the capitalized words using
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36 join. Note that this replaces runs of whitespace characters by
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37 a single space.
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38
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39 """
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40 return (sep or ' ').join([x.capitalize() for x in s.split(sep)])
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41
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42
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43 # Construct a translation map for bytes.translate
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44 def maketrans(frm: bytes, to: bytes) -> bytes:
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45 """maketrans(frm, to) -> bytes
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46
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47 Return a translation table (a bytes object of length 256)
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48 suitable for use in bytes.translate where each byte in frm is
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49 mapped to the byte at the same position in to.
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50 The strings frm and to must be of the same length.
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51 """
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52 if len(frm) != len(to):
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53 raise ValueError("maketrans arguments must have same length")
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54 if not (isinstance(frm, bytes) and isinstance(to, bytes)):
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55 raise TypeError("maketrans arguments must be bytes objects")
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56 L = bytearray(range(256))
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57 for i, c in enumerate(frm):
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58 L[c] = to[i]
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59 return bytes(L)
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60
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61
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62 ####################################################################
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63 import re as _re
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64
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65 class _multimap:
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66 """Helper class for combining multiple mappings.
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67
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68 Used by .{safe_,}substitute() to combine the mapping and keyword
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69 arguments.
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70 """
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71 def __init__(self, primary, secondary):
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72 self._primary = primary
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73 self._secondary = secondary
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74
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75 def __getitem__(self, key):
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76 try:
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77 return self._primary[key]
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78 except KeyError:
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79 return self._secondary[key]
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80
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81
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82 class _TemplateMetaclass(type):
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83 pattern = r"""
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84 %(delim)s(?:
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85 (?P<escaped>%(delim)s) | # Escape sequence of two delimiters
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86 (?P<named>%(id)s) | # delimiter and a Python identifier
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87 {(?P<braced>%(id)s)} | # delimiter and a braced identifier
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88 (?P<invalid>) # Other ill-formed delimiter exprs
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89 )
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90 """
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91
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92 def __init__(cls, name, bases, dct):
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93 super(_TemplateMetaclass, cls).__init__(name, bases, dct)
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94 if 'pattern' in dct:
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95 pattern = cls.pattern
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96 else:
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97 pattern = _TemplateMetaclass.pattern % {
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98 'delim' : _re.escape(cls.delimiter),
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99 'id' : cls.idpattern,
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100 }
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101 cls.pattern = _re.compile(pattern, _re.IGNORECASE | _re.VERBOSE)
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102
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103
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104 class Template(metaclass=_TemplateMetaclass):
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105 """A string class for supporting $-substitutions."""
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106
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107 delimiter = '$'
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108 idpattern = r'[_a-z][_a-z0-9]*'
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109
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110 def __init__(self, template):
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111 self.template = template
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112
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113 # Search for $$, $identifier, ${identifier}, and any bare $'s
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114
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115 def _invalid(self, mo):
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116 i = mo.start('invalid')
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117 lines = self.template[:i].splitlines(True)
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118 if not lines:
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119 colno = 1
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120 lineno = 1
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121 else:
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122 colno = i - len(''.join(lines[:-1]))
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123 lineno = len(lines)
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124 raise ValueError('Invalid placeholder in string: line %d, col %d' %
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125 (lineno, colno))
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126
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127 def substitute(self, *args, **kws):
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128 if len(args) > 1:
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129 raise TypeError('Too many positional arguments')
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130 if not args:
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131 mapping = kws
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132 elif kws:
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133 mapping = _multimap(kws, args[0])
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134 else:
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135 mapping = args[0]
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136 # Helper function for .sub()
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137 def convert(mo):
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138 # Check the most common path first.
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139 named = mo.group('named') or mo.group('braced')
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140 if named is not None:
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141 val = mapping[named]
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142 # We use this idiom instead of str() because the latter will
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143 # fail if val is a Unicode containing non-ASCII characters.
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144 return '%s' % (val,)
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145 if mo.group('escaped') is not None:
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146 return self.delimiter
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147 if mo.group('invalid') is not None:
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148 self._invalid(mo)
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149 raise ValueError('Unrecognized named group in pattern',
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150 self.pattern)
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151 return self.pattern.sub(convert, self.template)
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152
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153 def safe_substitute(self, *args, **kws):
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154 if len(args) > 1:
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155 raise TypeError('Too many positional arguments')
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156 if not args:
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157 mapping = kws
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158 elif kws:
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159 mapping = _multimap(kws, args[0])
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160 else:
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161 mapping = args[0]
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162 # Helper function for .sub()
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163 def convert(mo):
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164 named = mo.group('named')
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165 if named is not None:
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166 try:
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167 # We use this idiom instead of str() because the latter
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168 # will fail if val is a Unicode containing non-ASCII
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169 return '%s' % (mapping[named],)
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170 except KeyError:
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171 return self.delimiter + named
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172 braced = mo.group('braced')
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173 if braced is not None:
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174 try:
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175 return '%s' % (mapping[braced],)
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176 except KeyError:
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177 return self.delimiter + '{' + braced + '}'
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178 if mo.group('escaped') is not None:
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179 return self.delimiter
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180 if mo.group('invalid') is not None:
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181 return self.delimiter
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182 raise ValueError('Unrecognized named group in pattern',
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183 self.pattern)
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184 return self.pattern.sub(convert, self.template)
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185
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186
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187
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188 ########################################################################
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189 # the Formatter class
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190 # see PEP 3101 for details and purpose of this class
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191
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192 # The hard parts are reused from the C implementation. They're
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193 # exposed here via the sys module. sys was chosen because it's always
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194 # available and doesn't have to be dynamically loaded.
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195
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196 # The overall parser is implemented in str._formatter_parser.
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197 # The field name parser is implemented in str._formatter_field_name_split
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198
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199 class Formatter:
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200 def format(self, format_string, *args, **kwargs):
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201 return self.vformat(format_string, args, kwargs)
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202
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203 def vformat(self, format_string, args, kwargs):
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204 used_args = set()
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205 result = self._vformat(format_string, args, kwargs, used_args, 2)
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206 self.check_unused_args(used_args, args, kwargs)
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207 return result
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208
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209 def _vformat(self, format_string, args, kwargs, used_args, recursion_depth):
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210 if recursion_depth < 0:
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211 raise ValueError('Max string recursion exceeded')
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212 result = []
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213 for literal_text, field_name, format_spec, conversion in \
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214 self.parse(format_string):
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215
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216 # output the literal text
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217 if literal_text:
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218 result.append(literal_text)
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219
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220 # if there's a field, output it
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221 if field_name is not None:
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222 # this is some markup, find the object and do
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223 # the formatting
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224
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225 # given the field_name, find the object it references
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226 # and the argument it came from
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227 obj, arg_used = self.get_field(field_name, args, kwargs)
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228 used_args.add(arg_used)
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229
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230 # do any conversion on the resulting object
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231 obj = self.convert_field(obj, conversion)
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232
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233 # expand the format spec, if needed
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234 format_spec = self._vformat(format_spec, args, kwargs,
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235 used_args, recursion_depth-1)
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236
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237 # format the object and append to the result
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238 result.append(self.format_field(obj, format_spec))
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239
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240 return ''.join(result)
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241
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242
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243 def get_value(self, key, args, kwargs):
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244 if isinstance(key, int):
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245 return args[key]
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246 else:
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247 return kwargs[key]
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248
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249
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250 def check_unused_args(self, used_args, args, kwargs):
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251 pass
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252
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253
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254 def format_field(self, value, format_spec):
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255 return format(value, format_spec)
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256
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257
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258 def convert_field(self, value, conversion):
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259 # do any conversion on the resulting object
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260 if conversion == 'r':
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261 return repr(value)
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262 elif conversion == 's':
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263 return str(value)
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264 elif conversion is None:
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265 return value
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266 raise ValueError("Unknown converion specifier {0!s}".format(conversion))
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267
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268
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269 # returns an iterable that contains tuples of the form:
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270 # (literal_text, field_name, format_spec, conversion)
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271 # literal_text can be zero length
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272 # field_name can be None, in which case there's no
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273 # object to format and output
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274 # if field_name is not None, it is looked up, formatted
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275 # with format_spec and conversion and then used
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276 def parse(self, format_string):
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277 return format_string._formatter_parser()
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278
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279
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280 # given a field_name, find the object it references.
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281 # field_name: the field being looked up, e.g. "0.name"
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282 # or "lookup[3]"
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283 # used_args: a set of which args have been used
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284 # args, kwargs: as passed in to vformat
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285 def get_field(self, field_name, args, kwargs):
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286 first, rest = field_name._formatter_field_name_split()
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287
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288 obj = self.get_value(first, args, kwargs)
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289
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290 # loop through the rest of the field_name, doing
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291 # getattr or getitem as needed
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292 for is_attr, i in rest:
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293 if is_attr:
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294 obj = getattr(obj, i)
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295 else:
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296 obj = obj[i]
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297
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298 return obj, first