Speed-up dictionary constructor by about 10%. New opcode, STORE_MAP saves the compiler from awkward stack manipulations and specializes for dicts using PyDict_SetItem instead of PyObject_SetItem. Old disassembly: 0 BUILD_MAP 0 3 DUP_TOP 4 LOAD_CONST 1 (1) 7 ROT_TWO 8 LOAD_CONST 2 ('x') 11 STORE_SUBSCR 12 DUP_TOP 13 LOAD_CONST 3 (2) 16 ROT_TWO 17 LOAD_CONST 4 ('y') 20 STORE_SUBSCR New disassembly: 0 BUILD_MAP 0 3 LOAD_CONST 1 (1) 6 LOAD_CONST 2 ('x') 9 STORE_MAP 10 LOAD_CONST 3 (2) 13 LOAD_CONST 4 ('y') 16 STORE_MAP