view Python/getargs.c @ 40643:47f9efdc0855

Merged revisions 53304-53433,53435-53450 via svnmerge from svn+ssh://pythondev@svn.python.org/python/trunk ........ r53304 | vinay.sajip | 2007-01-09 15:50:28 +0100 (Tue, 09 Jan 2007) | 1 line Bug #1627575: Added _open() method to FileHandler which can be used to reopen files. The FileHandler instance now saves the encoding (which can be None) in an attribute called "encoding". ........ r53305 | vinay.sajip | 2007-01-09 15:51:36 +0100 (Tue, 09 Jan 2007) | 1 line Added entry about addition of _open() method to logging.FileHandler. ........ r53306 | vinay.sajip | 2007-01-09 15:54:56 +0100 (Tue, 09 Jan 2007) | 1 line Added a docstring ........ r53316 | thomas.heller | 2007-01-09 20:19:33 +0100 (Tue, 09 Jan 2007) | 4 lines Verify the sizes of the basic ctypes data types against the struct module. Will backport to release25-maint. ........ r53340 | gustavo.niemeyer | 2007-01-10 17:13:40 +0100 (Wed, 10 Jan 2007) | 3 lines Mention in the int() docstring that a base zero has meaning, as stated in http://docs.python.org/lib/built-in-funcs.html as well. ........ r53341 | gustavo.niemeyer | 2007-01-10 17:15:48 +0100 (Wed, 10 Jan 2007) | 2 lines Minor change in int() docstring for proper spacing. ........ r53358 | thomas.heller | 2007-01-10 21:12:13 +0100 (Wed, 10 Jan 2007) | 1 line Change the ctypes version number to "1.1.0". ........ r53361 | thomas.heller | 2007-01-10 21:51:19 +0100 (Wed, 10 Jan 2007) | 1 line Must change the version number in the _ctypes extension as well. ........ r53362 | guido.van.rossum | 2007-01-11 00:12:56 +0100 (Thu, 11 Jan 2007) | 3 lines Fix the signature of log_error(). (A subclass that did the right thing was getting complaints from pychecker.) ........ r53370 | matthias.klose | 2007-01-11 11:26:31 +0100 (Thu, 11 Jan 2007) | 2 lines - Make the documentation match the code and the docstring ........ r53375 | matthias.klose | 2007-01-11 12:44:04 +0100 (Thu, 11 Jan 2007) | 2 lines - idle: Honor the "Cancel" action in the save dialog (Debian bug #299092). ........ r53381 | raymond.hettinger | 2007-01-11 19:22:55 +0100 (Thu, 11 Jan 2007) | 1 line SF #1486663 -- Allow keyword args in subclasses of set() and frozenset(). ........ r53388 | thomas.heller | 2007-01-11 22:18:56 +0100 (Thu, 11 Jan 2007) | 4 lines Fixes for 64-bit Windows: In ctypes.wintypes, correct the definitions of HANDLE, WPARAM, LPARAM data types. Make parameterless foreign function calls work. ........ r53390 | thomas.heller | 2007-01-11 22:23:12 +0100 (Thu, 11 Jan 2007) | 2 lines Correct the comments: the code is right. ........ r53393 | brett.cannon | 2007-01-12 08:27:52 +0100 (Fri, 12 Jan 2007) | 3 lines Fix error where the end of a funcdesc environment was accidentally moved too far down. ........ r53397 | anthony.baxter | 2007-01-12 10:35:56 +0100 (Fri, 12 Jan 2007) | 3 lines add parsetok.h as a dependency - previously, changing this file doesn't cause the right files to be rebuilt. ........ r53401 | thomas.heller | 2007-01-12 21:08:19 +0100 (Fri, 12 Jan 2007) | 3 lines Avoid warnings in the test suite because ctypes.wintypes cannot be imported on non-windows systems. ........ r53402 | thomas.heller | 2007-01-12 21:17:34 +0100 (Fri, 12 Jan 2007) | 6 lines patch #1610795: BSD version of ctypes.util.find_library, by Martin Kammerhofer. release25-maint backport candidate, but the release manager has to decide. ........ r53403 | thomas.heller | 2007-01-12 21:21:53 +0100 (Fri, 12 Jan 2007) | 3 lines patch #1610795: BSD version of ctypes.util.find_library, by Martin Kammerhofer. ........ r53406 | brett.cannon | 2007-01-13 01:29:49 +0100 (Sat, 13 Jan 2007) | 2 lines Deprecate the sets module. ........ r53407 | georg.brandl | 2007-01-13 13:31:51 +0100 (Sat, 13 Jan 2007) | 3 lines Fix typo. ........ r53409 | marc-andre.lemburg | 2007-01-13 22:00:08 +0100 (Sat, 13 Jan 2007) | 16 lines Bump version number and change copyright year. Add new API linux_distribution() which supports reading the full distribution name and also knows how to parse LSB-style release files. Redirect the old dist() API to the new API (using the short distribution name taken from the release file filename). Add branch and revision to _sys_version(). Add work-around for Cygwin to libc_ver(). Add support for IronPython (thanks for Anthony Baxter) and make Jython support more robust. ........ r53410 | neal.norwitz | 2007-01-13 22:22:37 +0100 (Sat, 13 Jan 2007) | 1 line Fix grammar in docstrings ........ r53411 | marc-andre.lemburg | 2007-01-13 23:32:21 +0100 (Sat, 13 Jan 2007) | 9 lines Add parameter sys_version to _sys_version(). Change the cache for _sys_version() to take the parameter into account. Add support for parsing the IronPython 1.0.1 sys.version value - even though it still returns '1.0.0'; the version string no longer includes the patch level. ........ r53412 | peter.astrand | 2007-01-13 23:35:35 +0100 (Sat, 13 Jan 2007) | 1 line Fix for bug #1634343: allow specifying empty arguments on Windows ........ r53414 | marc-andre.lemburg | 2007-01-13 23:59:36 +0100 (Sat, 13 Jan 2007) | 14 lines Add Python implementation to the machine details. Pretty-print the Python version used for running PyBench. Let the user know when calibration has finished. [ 1563844 ] pybench support for IronPython: Simplify Unicode version detection. Make garbage collection and check interval settings optional if the Python implementation doesn't support thess (e.g. IronPython). ........ r53415 | marc-andre.lemburg | 2007-01-14 00:13:54 +0100 (Sun, 14 Jan 2007) | 5 lines Use defaults if sys.executable isn't set (e.g. on Jython). This change allows running PyBench under Jython. ........ r53416 | marc-andre.lemburg | 2007-01-14 00:15:33 +0100 (Sun, 14 Jan 2007) | 3 lines Jython doesn't have sys.setcheckinterval() - ignore it in that case. ........ r53420 | gerhard.haering | 2007-01-14 02:43:50 +0100 (Sun, 14 Jan 2007) | 29 lines Merged changes from standalone version 2.3.3. This should probably all be merged into the 2.5 maintenance branch: - self->statement was not checked while fetching data, which could lead to crashes if you used the pysqlite API in unusual ways. Closing the cursor and continuing to fetch data was enough. - Converters are stored in a converters dictionary. The converter name is uppercased first. The old upper-casing algorithm was wrong and was replaced by a simple call to the Python string's upper() method instead. -Applied patch by Glyph Lefkowitz that fixes the problem with subsequent SQLITE_SCHEMA errors. - Improvement to the row type: rows can now be iterated over and have a keys() method. This improves compatibility with both tuple and dict a lot. - A bugfix for the subsecond resolution in timestamps. - Corrected the way the flags PARSE_DECLTYPES and PARSE_COLNAMES are checked for. Now they work as documented. - gcc on Linux sucks. It exports all symbols by default in shared libraries, so if symbols are not unique it can lead to problems with symbol lookup. pysqlite used to crash under Apache when mod_cache was enabled because both modules had the symbol cache_init. I fixed this by applying the prefix pysqlite_ almost everywhere. Sigh. ........ r53423 | guido.van.rossum | 2007-01-14 04:46:33 +0100 (Sun, 14 Jan 2007) | 2 lines Remove a dependency of this test on $COLUMNS. ........ r53425 | ka-ping.yee | 2007-01-14 05:25:15 +0100 (Sun, 14 Jan 2007) | 3 lines Handle old-style instances more gracefully (display documentation on the relevant class instead of documentation on <type 'instance'>). ........ r53440 | vinay.sajip | 2007-01-14 22:49:59 +0100 (Sun, 14 Jan 2007) | 1 line Added WatchedFileHandler (based on SF patch #1598415) ........ r53441 | vinay.sajip | 2007-01-14 22:50:50 +0100 (Sun, 14 Jan 2007) | 1 line Added documentation for WatchedFileHandler (based on SF patch #1598415) ........ r53442 | guido.van.rossum | 2007-01-15 01:02:35 +0100 (Mon, 15 Jan 2007) | 2 lines Doc patch matching r53434 (htonl etc. now always take/return positive ints). ........
author Thomas Wouters <thomas@python.org>
date Mon, 15 Jan 2007 15:49:28 +0000
parents 4aee3f672f77
children 29ae667f3239
line wrap: on
line source


/* New getargs implementation */

#include "Python.h"

#include <ctype.h>


#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" { 
#endif
int PyArg_Parse(PyObject *, const char *, ...);
int PyArg_ParseTuple(PyObject *, const char *, ...);
int PyArg_VaParse(PyObject *, const char *, va_list);

int PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(PyObject *, PyObject *,
				const char *, char **, ...);
int PyArg_VaParseTupleAndKeywords(PyObject *, PyObject *,
				const char *, char **, va_list);

#ifdef HAVE_DECLSPEC_DLL
/* Export functions */
PyAPI_FUNC(int) _PyArg_Parse_SizeT(PyObject *, char *, ...);
PyAPI_FUNC(int) _PyArg_ParseTuple_SizeT(PyObject *, char *, ...);
PyAPI_FUNC(int) _PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords_SizeT(PyObject *, PyObject *,
                                                  const char *, char **, ...);
PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) _Py_BuildValue_SizeT(const char *, ...);
PyAPI_FUNC(int) _PyArg_VaParse_SizeT(PyObject *, char *, va_list);
PyAPI_FUNC(int) _PyArg_VaParseTupleAndKeywords_SizeT(PyObject *, PyObject *,
                                              const char *, char **, va_list);
#endif

#define FLAG_COMPAT 1
#define FLAG_SIZE_T 2


/* Forward */
static int vgetargs1(PyObject *, const char *, va_list *, int);
static void seterror(int, const char *, int *, const char *, const char *);
static char *convertitem(PyObject *, const char **, va_list *, int, int *, 
                         char *, size_t, PyObject **);
static char *converttuple(PyObject *, const char **, va_list *, int,
			  int *, char *, size_t, int, PyObject **);
static char *convertsimple(PyObject *, const char **, va_list *, int, char *,
			   size_t, PyObject **);
static Py_ssize_t convertbuffer(PyObject *, void **p, char **);

static int vgetargskeywords(PyObject *, PyObject *,
			    const char *, char **, va_list *, int);
static char *skipitem(const char **, va_list *, int);

int
PyArg_Parse(PyObject *args, const char *format, ...)
{
	int retval;
	va_list va;
	
	va_start(va, format);
	retval = vgetargs1(args, format, &va, FLAG_COMPAT);
	va_end(va);
	return retval;
}

int
_PyArg_Parse_SizeT(PyObject *args, char *format, ...)
{
	int retval;
	va_list va;
	
	va_start(va, format);
	retval = vgetargs1(args, format, &va, FLAG_COMPAT|FLAG_SIZE_T);
	va_end(va);
	return retval;
}


int
PyArg_ParseTuple(PyObject *args, const char *format, ...)
{
	int retval;
	va_list va;
	
	va_start(va, format);
	retval = vgetargs1(args, format, &va, 0);
	va_end(va);
	return retval;
}

int
_PyArg_ParseTuple_SizeT(PyObject *args, char *format, ...)
{
	int retval;
	va_list va;
	
	va_start(va, format);
	retval = vgetargs1(args, format, &va, FLAG_SIZE_T);
	va_end(va);
	return retval;
}


int
PyArg_VaParse(PyObject *args, const char *format, va_list va)
{
	va_list lva;

#ifdef VA_LIST_IS_ARRAY
	memcpy(lva, va, sizeof(va_list));
#else
#ifdef __va_copy
	__va_copy(lva, va);
#else
	lva = va;
#endif
#endif

	return vgetargs1(args, format, &lva, 0);
}

int
_PyArg_VaParse_SizeT(PyObject *args, char *format, va_list va)
{
	va_list lva;

#ifdef VA_LIST_IS_ARRAY
	memcpy(lva, va, sizeof(va_list));
#else
#ifdef __va_copy
	__va_copy(lva, va);
#else
	lva = va;
#endif
#endif

	return vgetargs1(args, format, &lva, FLAG_SIZE_T);
}


/* Handle cleanup of allocated memory in case of exception */

static int
addcleanup(void *ptr, PyObject **freelist)
{
	PyObject *cobj;
	if (!*freelist) {
		*freelist = PyList_New(0);
		if (!*freelist) {
			PyMem_FREE(ptr);
			return -1;
		}
	}
	cobj = PyCObject_FromVoidPtr(ptr, NULL);
	if (!cobj) {
		PyMem_FREE(ptr);
		return -1;
	}
	if(PyList_Append(*freelist, cobj)) {
                PyMem_FREE(ptr);
		Py_DECREF(cobj);
		return -1;
	}
        Py_DECREF(cobj);
	return 0;
}

static int
cleanreturn(int retval, PyObject *freelist)
{
	if(freelist) {
		if((retval) == 0) {
			Py_ssize_t len = PyList_GET_SIZE(freelist), i;
			for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
                                PyMem_FREE(PyCObject_AsVoidPtr(
                                		PyList_GET_ITEM(freelist, i)));
		}
		Py_DECREF(freelist);
	}
	return retval;
}


static int
vgetargs1(PyObject *args, const char *format, va_list *p_va, int flags)
{
	char msgbuf[256];
	int levels[32];
	const char *fname = NULL;
	const char *message = NULL;
	int min = -1;
	int max = 0;
	int level = 0;
	int endfmt = 0;
	const char *formatsave = format;
	Py_ssize_t i, len;
	char *msg;
	PyObject *freelist = NULL;
	int compat = flags & FLAG_COMPAT;

	assert(compat || (args != (PyObject*)NULL));
	flags = flags & ~FLAG_COMPAT;

	while (endfmt == 0) {
		int c = *format++;
		switch (c) {
		case '(':
			if (level == 0)
				max++;
			level++;
			if (level >= 30)
				Py_FatalError("too many tuple nesting levels "
					      "in argument format string");
			break;
		case ')':
			if (level == 0)
				Py_FatalError("excess ')' in getargs format");
			else
				level--;
			break;
		case '\0':
			endfmt = 1;
			break;
		case ':':
			fname = format;
			endfmt = 1;
			break;
		case ';':
			message = format;
			endfmt = 1;
			break;
		default:
			if (level == 0) {
				if (c == 'O')
					max++;
				else if (isalpha(Py_CHARMASK(c))) {
					if (c != 'e') /* skip encoded */
						max++;
				} else if (c == '|')
					min = max;
			}
			break;
		}
	}
	
	if (level != 0)
		Py_FatalError(/* '(' */ "missing ')' in getargs format");
	
	if (min < 0)
		min = max;
	
	format = formatsave;
	
	if (compat) {
		if (max == 0) {
			if (args == NULL)
				return 1;
			PyOS_snprintf(msgbuf, sizeof(msgbuf),
				      "%.200s%s takes no arguments",
				      fname==NULL ? "function" : fname,
				      fname==NULL ? "" : "()");
			PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, msgbuf);
			return 0;
		}
		else if (min == 1 && max == 1) {
			if (args == NULL) {
				PyOS_snprintf(msgbuf, sizeof(msgbuf),
				      "%.200s%s takes at least one argument",
					      fname==NULL ? "function" : fname,
					      fname==NULL ? "" : "()");
				PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, msgbuf);
				return 0;
			}
			msg = convertitem(args, &format, p_va, flags, levels, 
					  msgbuf, sizeof(msgbuf), &freelist);
			if (msg == NULL)
				return cleanreturn(1, freelist);
			seterror(levels[0], msg, levels+1, fname, message);
			return cleanreturn(0, freelist);
		}
		else {
			PyErr_SetString(PyExc_SystemError,
			    "old style getargs format uses new features");
			return 0;
		}
	}
	
	if (!PyTuple_Check(args)) {
		PyErr_SetString(PyExc_SystemError,
		    "new style getargs format but argument is not a tuple");
		return 0;
	}
	
	len = PyTuple_GET_SIZE(args);
	
	if (len < min || max < len) {
		if (message == NULL) {
			PyOS_snprintf(msgbuf, sizeof(msgbuf),
				      "%.150s%s takes %s %d argument%s "
				      "(%ld given)",
				      fname==NULL ? "function" : fname,
				      fname==NULL ? "" : "()",
				      min==max ? "exactly"
				      : len < min ? "at least" : "at most",
				      len < min ? min : max,
				      (len < min ? min : max) == 1 ? "" : "s",
				      Py_SAFE_DOWNCAST(len, Py_ssize_t, long));
			message = msgbuf;
		}
		PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, message);
		return 0;
	}
	
	for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
		if (*format == '|')
			format++;
		msg = convertitem(PyTuple_GET_ITEM(args, i), &format, p_va,
				  flags, levels, msgbuf, 
				  sizeof(msgbuf), &freelist);
		if (msg) {
			seterror(i+1, msg, levels, fname, message);
			return cleanreturn(0, freelist);
		}
	}

	if (*format != '\0' && !isalpha(Py_CHARMASK(*format)) &&
	    *format != '(' &&
	    *format != '|' && *format != ':' && *format != ';') {
		PyErr_Format(PyExc_SystemError,
			     "bad format string: %.200s", formatsave);
		return cleanreturn(0, freelist);
	}
	
	return cleanreturn(1, freelist);
}



static void
seterror(int iarg, const char *msg, int *levels, const char *fname,
         const char *message)
{
	char buf[512];
	int i;
	char *p = buf;

	if (PyErr_Occurred())
		return;
	else if (message == NULL) {
		if (fname != NULL) {
			PyOS_snprintf(p, sizeof(buf), "%.200s() ", fname);
			p += strlen(p);
		}
		if (iarg != 0) {
			PyOS_snprintf(p, sizeof(buf) - (p - buf),
				      "argument %d", iarg);
			i = 0;
			p += strlen(p);
			while (levels[i] > 0 && i < 32 && (int)(p-buf) < 220) {
				PyOS_snprintf(p, sizeof(buf) - (p - buf),
					      ", item %d", levels[i]-1);
				p += strlen(p);
				i++;
			}
		}
		else {
			PyOS_snprintf(p, sizeof(buf) - (p - buf), "argument");
			p += strlen(p);
		}
		PyOS_snprintf(p, sizeof(buf) - (p - buf), " %.256s", msg);
		message = buf;
	}
	PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, message);
}


/* Convert a tuple argument.
   On entry, *p_format points to the character _after_ the opening '('.
   On successful exit, *p_format points to the closing ')'.
   If successful:
      *p_format and *p_va are updated,
      *levels and *msgbuf are untouched,
      and NULL is returned.
   If the argument is invalid:
      *p_format is unchanged,
      *p_va is undefined,
      *levels is a 0-terminated list of item numbers,
      *msgbuf contains an error message, whose format is:
         "must be <typename1>, not <typename2>", where:
            <typename1> is the name of the expected type, and
            <typename2> is the name of the actual type,
      and msgbuf is returned.
*/

static char *
converttuple(PyObject *arg, const char **p_format, va_list *p_va, int flags,
             int *levels, char *msgbuf, size_t bufsize, int toplevel, 
             PyObject **freelist)
{
	int level = 0;
	int n = 0;
	const char *format = *p_format;
	int i;
	
	for (;;) {
		int c = *format++;
		if (c == '(') {
			if (level == 0)
				n++;
			level++;
		}
		else if (c == ')') {
			if (level == 0)
				break;
			level--;
		}
		else if (c == ':' || c == ';' || c == '\0')
			break;
		else if (level == 0 && isalpha(Py_CHARMASK(c)))
			n++;
	}
	
	if (!PySequence_Check(arg) || PyString_Check(arg)) {
		levels[0] = 0;
		PyOS_snprintf(msgbuf, bufsize,
			      toplevel ? "expected %d arguments, not %.50s" :
			              "must be %d-item sequence, not %.50s",
			      n, 
			      arg == Py_None ? "None" : arg->ob_type->tp_name);
		return msgbuf;
	}
	
	if ((i = PySequence_Size(arg)) != n) {
		levels[0] = 0;
		PyOS_snprintf(msgbuf, bufsize,
			      toplevel ? "expected %d arguments, not %d" :
			             "must be sequence of length %d, not %d",
			      n, i);
		return msgbuf;
	}

	format = *p_format;
	for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
		char *msg;
		PyObject *item;
		item = PySequence_GetItem(arg, i);
		if (item == NULL) {
			PyErr_Clear();
			levels[0] = i+1;
			levels[1] = 0;
			strncpy(msgbuf, "is not retrievable", bufsize);
			return msgbuf;
		}
		msg = convertitem(item, &format, p_va, flags, levels+1, 
				  msgbuf, bufsize, freelist);
		/* PySequence_GetItem calls tp->sq_item, which INCREFs */
		Py_XDECREF(item);
		if (msg != NULL) {
			levels[0] = i+1;
			return msg;
		}
	}

	*p_format = format;
	return NULL;
}


/* Convert a single item. */

static char *
convertitem(PyObject *arg, const char **p_format, va_list *p_va, int flags,
            int *levels, char *msgbuf, size_t bufsize, PyObject **freelist)
{
	char *msg;
	const char *format = *p_format;
	
	if (*format == '(' /* ')' */) {
		format++;
		msg = converttuple(arg, &format, p_va, flags, levels, msgbuf, 
				   bufsize, 0, freelist);
		if (msg == NULL)
			format++;
	}
	else {
		msg = convertsimple(arg, &format, p_va, flags, 
				    msgbuf, bufsize, freelist);
		if (msg != NULL)
			levels[0] = 0;
	}
	if (msg == NULL)
		*p_format = format;
	return msg;
}



#define UNICODE_DEFAULT_ENCODING(arg) \
        _PyUnicode_AsDefaultEncodedString(arg, NULL)

/* Format an error message generated by convertsimple(). */

static char *
converterr(const char *expected, PyObject *arg, char *msgbuf, size_t bufsize)
{
	assert(expected != NULL);
	assert(arg != NULL); 
	PyOS_snprintf(msgbuf, bufsize,
		      "must be %.50s, not %.50s", expected,
		      arg == Py_None ? "None" : arg->ob_type->tp_name);
	return msgbuf;
}

#define CONV_UNICODE "(unicode conversion error)"

/* Explicitly check for float arguments when integers are expected.
   Return 1 for error, 0 if ok. */
static int
float_argument_error(PyObject *arg)
{
	if (PyFloat_Check(arg)) {
		PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
				"integer argument expected, got float" );
		return 1;
	}
	else
		return 0;
}

/* Convert a non-tuple argument.  Return NULL if conversion went OK,
   or a string with a message describing the failure.  The message is
   formatted as "must be <desired type>, not <actual type>".
   When failing, an exception may or may not have been raised.
   Don't call if a tuple is expected.

   When you add new format codes, please don't forget poor skipitem() below.
*/

static char *
convertsimple(PyObject *arg, const char **p_format, va_list *p_va, int flags,
              char *msgbuf, size_t bufsize, PyObject **freelist)
{
	/* For # codes */
#define FETCH_SIZE	int *q=NULL;Py_ssize_t *q2=NULL;\
	if (flags & FLAG_SIZE_T) q2=va_arg(*p_va, Py_ssize_t*); \
	else q=va_arg(*p_va, int*);
#define STORE_SIZE(s)   if (flags & FLAG_SIZE_T) *q2=s; else *q=s;
#define BUFFER_LEN      ((flags & FLAG_SIZE_T) ? *q2:*q)

	const char *format = *p_format;
	char c = *format++;
#ifdef Py_USING_UNICODE
	PyObject *uarg;
#endif
	
	switch (c) {
	
	case 'b': { /* unsigned byte -- very short int */
		char *p = va_arg(*p_va, char *);
		long ival;
		if (float_argument_error(arg))
			return converterr("integer<b>", arg, msgbuf, bufsize);
		ival = PyInt_AsLong(arg);
		if (ival == -1 && PyErr_Occurred())
			return converterr("integer<b>", arg, msgbuf, bufsize);
		else if (ival < 0) {
			PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError,
			"unsigned byte integer is less than minimum");
			return converterr("integer<b>", arg, msgbuf, bufsize);
		}
		else if (ival > UCHAR_MAX) {
			PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError,
			"unsigned byte integer is greater than maximum");
			return converterr("integer<b>", arg, msgbuf, bufsize);
		}
		else
			*p = (unsigned char) ival;
		break;
	}
	
	case 'B': {/* byte sized bitfield - both signed and unsigned
		      values allowed */  
		char *p = va_arg(*p_va, char *);
		long ival;
		if (float_argument_error(arg))
			return converterr("integer<B>", arg, msgbuf, bufsize);
		ival = PyInt_AsUnsignedLongMask(arg);
		if (ival == -1 && PyErr_Occurred())
			return converterr("integer<B>", arg, msgbuf, bufsize);
		else
			*p = (unsigned char) ival;
		break;
	}
	
	case 'h': {/* signed short int */
		short *p = va_arg(*p_va, short *);
		long ival;
		if (float_argument_error(arg))
			return converterr("integer<h>", arg, msgbuf, bufsize);
		ival = PyInt_AsLong(arg);
		if (ival == -1 && PyErr_Occurred())
			return converterr("integer<h>", arg, msgbuf, bufsize);
		else if (ival < SHRT_MIN) {
			PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError,
			"signed short integer is less than minimum");
			return converterr("integer<h>", arg, msgbuf, bufsize);
		}
		else if (ival > SHRT_MAX) {
			PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError,
			"signed short integer is greater than maximum");
			return converterr("integer<h>", arg, msgbuf, bufsize);
		}
		else
			*p = (short) ival;
		break;
	}
	
	case 'H': { /* short int sized bitfield, both signed and
		       unsigned allowed */ 
		unsigned short *p = va_arg(*p_va, unsigned short *);
		long ival;
		if (float_argument_error(arg))
			return converterr("integer<H>", arg, msgbuf, bufsize);
		ival = PyInt_AsUnsignedLongMask(arg);
		if (ival == -1 && PyErr_Occurred())
			return converterr("integer<H>", arg, msgbuf, bufsize);
		else
			*p = (unsigned short) ival;
		break;
	}

	case 'i': {/* signed int */
		int *p = va_arg(*p_va, int *);
		long ival;
		if (float_argument_error(arg))
			return converterr("integer<i>", arg, msgbuf, bufsize);
		ival = PyInt_AsLong(arg);
		if (ival == -1 && PyErr_Occurred())
			return converterr("integer<i>", arg, msgbuf, bufsize);
		else if (ival > INT_MAX) {
			PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError,
				"signed integer is greater than maximum");
			return converterr("integer<i>", arg, msgbuf, bufsize);
		}
		else if (ival < INT_MIN) {
			PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError,
				"signed integer is less than minimum");
			return converterr("integer<i>", arg, msgbuf, bufsize);
		}
		else
			*p = ival;
		break;
	}

	case 'I': { /* int sized bitfield, both signed and
		       unsigned allowed */ 
		unsigned int *p = va_arg(*p_va, unsigned int *);
		unsigned int ival;
		if (float_argument_error(arg))
			return converterr("integer<I>", arg, msgbuf, bufsize);
		ival = (unsigned int)PyInt_AsUnsignedLongMask(arg);
		if (ival == (unsigned int)-1 && PyErr_Occurred())
			return converterr("integer<I>", arg, msgbuf, bufsize);
		else
			*p = ival;
		break;
	}
	
	case 'n': /* Py_ssize_t */
#if SIZEOF_SIZE_T != SIZEOF_LONG
	{
		Py_ssize_t *p = va_arg(*p_va, Py_ssize_t *);
		Py_ssize_t ival;
		if (float_argument_error(arg))
			return converterr("integer<n>", arg, msgbuf, bufsize);
		ival = PyInt_AsSsize_t(arg);
		if (ival == -1 && PyErr_Occurred())
			return converterr("integer<n>", arg, msgbuf, bufsize);
		*p = ival;
		break;
	}
#endif
	/* Fall through from 'n' to 'l' if Py_ssize_t is int */
	case 'l': {/* long int */
		long *p = va_arg(*p_va, long *);
		long ival;
		if (float_argument_error(arg))
			return converterr("integer<l>", arg, msgbuf, bufsize);
		ival = PyInt_AsLong(arg);
		if (ival == -1 && PyErr_Occurred())
			return converterr("integer<l>", arg, msgbuf, bufsize);
		else
			*p = ival;
		break;
	}

	case 'k': { /* long sized bitfield */
		unsigned long *p = va_arg(*p_va, unsigned long *);
		unsigned long ival;
		if (PyInt_Check(arg))
			ival = PyInt_AsUnsignedLongMask(arg);
		else if (PyLong_Check(arg))
			ival = PyLong_AsUnsignedLongMask(arg);
		else
			return converterr("integer<k>", arg, msgbuf, bufsize);
		*p = ival;
		break;
	}
	
#ifdef HAVE_LONG_LONG
	case 'L': {/* PY_LONG_LONG */
		PY_LONG_LONG *p = va_arg( *p_va, PY_LONG_LONG * );
		PY_LONG_LONG ival = PyLong_AsLongLong( arg );
		if( ival == (PY_LONG_LONG)-1 && PyErr_Occurred() ) {
			return converterr("long<L>", arg, msgbuf, bufsize);
		} else {
			*p = ival;
		}
		break;
	}

	case 'K': { /* long long sized bitfield */
		unsigned PY_LONG_LONG *p = va_arg(*p_va, unsigned PY_LONG_LONG *);
		unsigned PY_LONG_LONG ival;
		if (PyLong_Check(arg))
			ival = PyLong_AsUnsignedLongLongMask(arg);
		else
			return converterr("integer<K>", arg, msgbuf, bufsize);
		*p = ival;
		break;
	}
#endif
	
	case 'f': {/* float */
		float *p = va_arg(*p_va, float *);
		double dval = PyFloat_AsDouble(arg);
		if (PyErr_Occurred())
			return converterr("float<f>", arg, msgbuf, bufsize);
		else
			*p = (float) dval;
		break;
	}
	
	case 'd': {/* double */
		double *p = va_arg(*p_va, double *);
		double dval = PyFloat_AsDouble(arg);
		if (PyErr_Occurred())
			return converterr("float<d>", arg, msgbuf, bufsize);
		else
			*p = dval;
		break;
	}
	
#ifndef WITHOUT_COMPLEX
	case 'D': {/* complex double */
		Py_complex *p = va_arg(*p_va, Py_complex *);
		Py_complex cval;
		cval = PyComplex_AsCComplex(arg);
		if (PyErr_Occurred())
			return converterr("complex<D>", arg, msgbuf, bufsize);
		else
			*p = cval;
		break;
	}
#endif /* WITHOUT_COMPLEX */
	
	case 'c': {/* char */
		char *p = va_arg(*p_va, char *);
		if (PyString_Check(arg) && PyString_Size(arg) == 1)
			*p = PyString_AS_STRING(arg)[0];
		else
			return converterr("char", arg, msgbuf, bufsize);
		break;
	}
	
	case 's': {/* string */
		if (*format == '#') {
			void **p = (void **)va_arg(*p_va, char **);
			FETCH_SIZE;
			
			if (PyString_Check(arg)) {
				*p = PyString_AS_STRING(arg);
				STORE_SIZE(PyString_GET_SIZE(arg));
			}
#ifdef Py_USING_UNICODE
			else if (PyUnicode_Check(arg)) {
				uarg = UNICODE_DEFAULT_ENCODING(arg);
				if (uarg == NULL)
					return converterr(CONV_UNICODE,
							  arg, msgbuf, bufsize);
				*p = PyString_AS_STRING(uarg);
				STORE_SIZE(PyString_GET_SIZE(uarg));
			}
#endif
			else { /* any buffer-like object */
				char *buf;
				Py_ssize_t count = convertbuffer(arg, p, &buf);
				if (count < 0)
					return converterr(buf, arg, msgbuf, bufsize);
				STORE_SIZE(count);
			}
			format++;
		} else {
			char **p = va_arg(*p_va, char **);
			
			if (PyString_Check(arg))
				*p = PyString_AS_STRING(arg);
#ifdef Py_USING_UNICODE
			else if (PyUnicode_Check(arg)) {
				uarg = UNICODE_DEFAULT_ENCODING(arg);
				if (uarg == NULL)
					return converterr(CONV_UNICODE,
							  arg, msgbuf, bufsize);
				*p = PyString_AS_STRING(uarg);
			}
#endif
			else
				return converterr("string", arg, msgbuf, bufsize);
			if ((Py_ssize_t)strlen(*p) != PyString_Size(arg))
				return converterr("string without null bytes",
						  arg, msgbuf, bufsize);
		}
		break;
	}

	case 'z': {/* string, may be NULL (None) */
		if (*format == '#') { /* any buffer-like object */
			void **p = (void **)va_arg(*p_va, char **);
			FETCH_SIZE;
			
			if (arg == Py_None) {
				*p = 0;
				STORE_SIZE(0);
			}
			else if (PyString_Check(arg)) {
				*p = PyString_AS_STRING(arg);
				STORE_SIZE(PyString_GET_SIZE(arg));
			}
#ifdef Py_USING_UNICODE
			else if (PyUnicode_Check(arg)) {
				uarg = UNICODE_DEFAULT_ENCODING(arg);
				if (uarg == NULL)
					return converterr(CONV_UNICODE,
							  arg, msgbuf, bufsize);
				*p = PyString_AS_STRING(uarg);
				STORE_SIZE(PyString_GET_SIZE(uarg));
			}
#endif
			else { /* any buffer-like object */
				char *buf;
				Py_ssize_t count = convertbuffer(arg, p, &buf);
				if (count < 0)
					return converterr(buf, arg, msgbuf, bufsize);
				STORE_SIZE(count);
			}
			format++;
		} else {
			char **p = va_arg(*p_va, char **);
			
			if (arg == Py_None)
				*p = 0;
			else if (PyString_Check(arg))
				*p = PyString_AS_STRING(arg);
#ifdef Py_USING_UNICODE
			else if (PyUnicode_Check(arg)) {
				uarg = UNICODE_DEFAULT_ENCODING(arg);
				if (uarg == NULL)
					return converterr(CONV_UNICODE,
							  arg, msgbuf, bufsize);
				*p = PyString_AS_STRING(uarg);
			}
#endif
			else
				return converterr("string or None", 
						  arg, msgbuf, bufsize);
			if (*format == '#') {
				FETCH_SIZE;
				assert(0); /* XXX redundant with if-case */
				if (arg == Py_None)
					*q = 0;
				else
					*q = PyString_Size(arg);
				format++;
			}
			else if (*p != NULL &&
				 (Py_ssize_t)strlen(*p) != PyString_Size(arg))
				return converterr(
					"string without null bytes or None", 
					arg, msgbuf, bufsize);
		}
		break;
	}
	
	case 'e': {/* encoded string */
		char **buffer;
		const char *encoding;
		PyObject *s;
		int size, recode_strings;

		/* Get 'e' parameter: the encoding name */
		encoding = (const char *)va_arg(*p_va, const char *);
#ifdef Py_USING_UNICODE
		if (encoding == NULL)
			encoding = PyUnicode_GetDefaultEncoding();
#endif
			
		/* Get output buffer parameter:
		   's' (recode all objects via Unicode) or
		   't' (only recode non-string objects) 
		*/
		if (*format == 's')
			recode_strings = 1;
		else if (*format == 't')
			recode_strings = 0;
		else
			return converterr(
				"(unknown parser marker combination)",
				arg, msgbuf, bufsize);
		buffer = (char **)va_arg(*p_va, char **);
		format++;
		if (buffer == NULL)
			return converterr("(buffer is NULL)", 
					  arg, msgbuf, bufsize);
			
		/* Encode object */
		if (!recode_strings && PyString_Check(arg)) {
			s = arg;
			Py_INCREF(s);
		}
		else {
#ifdef Py_USING_UNICODE
		    	PyObject *u;

			/* Convert object to Unicode */
			u = PyUnicode_FromObject(arg);
			if (u == NULL)
				return converterr(
					"string or unicode or text buffer", 
					arg, msgbuf, bufsize);
			
			/* Encode object; use default error handling */
			s = PyUnicode_AsEncodedString(u,
						      encoding,
						      NULL);
			Py_DECREF(u);
			if (s == NULL)
				return converterr("(encoding failed)",
						  arg, msgbuf, bufsize);
			if (!PyString_Check(s)) {
				Py_DECREF(s);
				return converterr(
					"(encoder failed to return a string)",
					arg, msgbuf, bufsize);
			}
#else
			return converterr("string<e>", arg, msgbuf, bufsize);
#endif
		}
		size = PyString_GET_SIZE(s);

		/* Write output; output is guaranteed to be 0-terminated */
		if (*format == '#') { 
			/* Using buffer length parameter '#':
				   
			   - if *buffer is NULL, a new buffer of the
			   needed size is allocated and the data
			   copied into it; *buffer is updated to point
			   to the new buffer; the caller is
			   responsible for PyMem_Free()ing it after
			   usage 

			   - if *buffer is not NULL, the data is
			   copied to *buffer; *buffer_len has to be
			   set to the size of the buffer on input;
			   buffer overflow is signalled with an error;
			   buffer has to provide enough room for the
			   encoded string plus the trailing 0-byte
			   
			   - in both cases, *buffer_len is updated to
			   the size of the buffer /excluding/ the
			   trailing 0-byte 
			   
			*/
			FETCH_SIZE;

			format++;
			if (q == NULL && q2 == NULL) {
				Py_DECREF(s);
				return converterr(
					"(buffer_len is NULL)",
					arg, msgbuf, bufsize);
			}
			if (*buffer == NULL) {
				*buffer = PyMem_NEW(char, size + 1);
				if (*buffer == NULL) {
					Py_DECREF(s);
					return converterr(
						"(memory error)",
						arg, msgbuf, bufsize);
				}
				if(addcleanup(*buffer, freelist)) {
					Py_DECREF(s);
					return converterr(
						"(cleanup problem)",
						arg, msgbuf, bufsize);
				}
			} else {
				if (size + 1 > BUFFER_LEN) {
					Py_DECREF(s);
					return converterr(
						"(buffer overflow)", 
						arg, msgbuf, bufsize);
				}
			}
			memcpy(*buffer,
			       PyString_AS_STRING(s),
			       size + 1);
			STORE_SIZE(size);
		} else {
			/* Using a 0-terminated buffer:
				   
			   - the encoded string has to be 0-terminated
			   for this variant to work; if it is not, an
			   error raised 

			   - a new buffer of the needed size is
			   allocated and the data copied into it;
			   *buffer is updated to point to the new
			   buffer; the caller is responsible for
			   PyMem_Free()ing it after usage

			*/
			if ((Py_ssize_t)strlen(PyString_AS_STRING(s))
								!= size) {
				Py_DECREF(s);
				return converterr(
					"(encoded string without NULL bytes)",
					arg, msgbuf, bufsize);
			}
			*buffer = PyMem_NEW(char, size + 1);
			if (*buffer == NULL) {
				Py_DECREF(s);
				return converterr("(memory error)",
						  arg, msgbuf, bufsize);
			}
			if(addcleanup(*buffer, freelist)) {
				Py_DECREF(s);
				return converterr("(cleanup problem)",
						arg, msgbuf, bufsize);
			}
			memcpy(*buffer,
			       PyString_AS_STRING(s),
			       size + 1);
		}
		Py_DECREF(s);
		break;
	}

#ifdef Py_USING_UNICODE
	case 'u': {/* raw unicode buffer (Py_UNICODE *) */
		if (*format == '#') { /* any buffer-like object */
			void **p = (void **)va_arg(*p_va, char **);
			FETCH_SIZE;
			if (PyUnicode_Check(arg)) {
			    	*p = PyUnicode_AS_UNICODE(arg);
				STORE_SIZE(PyUnicode_GET_SIZE(arg));
			}
			else {
				return converterr("cannot convert raw buffers",
						  arg, msgbuf, bufsize);
			}
			format++;
		} else {
			Py_UNICODE **p = va_arg(*p_va, Py_UNICODE **);
			if (PyUnicode_Check(arg))
				*p = PyUnicode_AS_UNICODE(arg);
			else
				return converterr("unicode", arg, msgbuf, bufsize);
		}
		break;
	}
#endif

	case 'S': { /* string object */
		PyObject **p = va_arg(*p_va, PyObject **);
		if (PyString_Check(arg))
			*p = arg;
		else
			return converterr("string", arg, msgbuf, bufsize);
		break;
	}
	
#ifdef Py_USING_UNICODE
	case 'U': { /* Unicode object */
		PyObject **p = va_arg(*p_va, PyObject **);
		if (PyUnicode_Check(arg))
			*p = arg;
		else
			return converterr("unicode", arg, msgbuf, bufsize);
		break;
	}
#endif
	
	case 'O': { /* object */
		PyTypeObject *type;
		PyObject **p;
		if (*format == '!') {
			type = va_arg(*p_va, PyTypeObject*);
			p = va_arg(*p_va, PyObject **);
			format++;
			if (PyType_IsSubtype(arg->ob_type, type))
				*p = arg;
			else
				return converterr(type->tp_name, arg, msgbuf, bufsize);

		}
		else if (*format == '?') {
			inquiry pred = va_arg(*p_va, inquiry);
			p = va_arg(*p_va, PyObject **);
			format++;
			if ((*pred)(arg)) 
				*p = arg;
			else
				return converterr("(unspecified)", 
						  arg, msgbuf, bufsize);
				
		}
		else if (*format == '&') {
			typedef int (*converter)(PyObject *, void *);
			converter convert = va_arg(*p_va, converter);
			void *addr = va_arg(*p_va, void *);
			format++;
			if (! (*convert)(arg, addr))
				return converterr("(unspecified)", 
						  arg, msgbuf, bufsize);
		}
		else {
			p = va_arg(*p_va, PyObject **);
			*p = arg;
		}
		break;
	}
		
		
	case 'w': { /* memory buffer, read-write access */
		void **p = va_arg(*p_va, void **);
		PyBufferProcs *pb = arg->ob_type->tp_as_buffer;
		int count;
			
		if (pb == NULL || 
		    pb->bf_getwritebuffer == NULL ||
		    pb->bf_getsegcount == NULL)
			return converterr("read-write buffer", arg, msgbuf, bufsize);
		if ((*pb->bf_getsegcount)(arg, NULL) != 1)
			return converterr("single-segment read-write buffer", 
					  arg, msgbuf, bufsize);
		if ((count = pb->bf_getwritebuffer(arg, 0, p)) < 0)
			return converterr("(unspecified)", arg, msgbuf, bufsize);
		if (*format == '#') {
			FETCH_SIZE;
			STORE_SIZE(count);
			format++;
		}
		break;
	}
		
	case 't': { /* 8-bit character buffer, read-only access */
		char **p = va_arg(*p_va, char **);
		PyBufferProcs *pb = arg->ob_type->tp_as_buffer;
		int count;
		
		if (*format++ != '#')
			return converterr(
				"invalid use of 't' format character", 
				arg, msgbuf, bufsize);
		if (pb == NULL || pb->bf_getcharbuffer == NULL ||
		    pb->bf_getsegcount == NULL)
			return converterr(
				"string or read-only character buffer",
				arg, msgbuf, bufsize);

		if (pb->bf_getsegcount(arg, NULL) != 1)
			return converterr(
				"string or single-segment read-only buffer",
				arg, msgbuf, bufsize);

		count = pb->bf_getcharbuffer(arg, 0, p);
		if (count < 0)
			return converterr("(unspecified)", arg, msgbuf, bufsize);
		{
			FETCH_SIZE;
			STORE_SIZE(count);
		}
		break;
	}

	default:
		return converterr("impossible<bad format char>", arg, msgbuf, bufsize);
	
	}
	
	*p_format = format;
	return NULL;
}

static Py_ssize_t
convertbuffer(PyObject *arg, void **p, char **errmsg)
{
	PyBufferProcs *pb = arg->ob_type->tp_as_buffer;
	Py_ssize_t count;
	if (pb == NULL ||
	    pb->bf_getreadbuffer == NULL ||
	    pb->bf_getsegcount == NULL) {
		*errmsg = "string or read-only buffer";
		return -1;
	}
	if ((*pb->bf_getsegcount)(arg, NULL) != 1) {
		*errmsg = "string or single-segment read-only buffer";
		return -1;
	}
	if ((count = (*pb->bf_getreadbuffer)(arg, 0, p)) < 0) {
		*errmsg = "(unspecified)";
	}
	return count;
}

/* Support for keyword arguments donated by
   Geoff Philbrick <philbric@delphi.hks.com> */

/* Return false (0) for error, else true. */
int
PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(PyObject *args,
			    PyObject *keywords,
			    const char *format, 
			    char **kwlist, ...)
{
	int retval;
	va_list va;

	if ((args == NULL || !PyTuple_Check(args)) ||
	    (keywords != NULL && !PyDict_Check(keywords)) ||
	    format == NULL ||
	    kwlist == NULL)
	{
		PyErr_BadInternalCall();
		return 0;
	}

	va_start(va, kwlist);
	retval = vgetargskeywords(args, keywords, format, kwlist, &va, 0);	
	va_end(va);
	return retval;
}

int
_PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords_SizeT(PyObject *args,
				  PyObject *keywords,
				  const char *format, 
				  char **kwlist, ...)
{
	int retval;
	va_list va;

	if ((args == NULL || !PyTuple_Check(args)) ||
	    (keywords != NULL && !PyDict_Check(keywords)) ||
	    format == NULL ||
	    kwlist == NULL)
	{
		PyErr_BadInternalCall();
		return 0;
	}

	va_start(va, kwlist);
	retval = vgetargskeywords(args, keywords, format, 
				  kwlist, &va, FLAG_SIZE_T);
	va_end(va);
	return retval;
}


int
PyArg_VaParseTupleAndKeywords(PyObject *args,
                              PyObject *keywords,
                              const char *format, 
                              char **kwlist, va_list va)
{
	int retval;
	va_list lva;

	if ((args == NULL || !PyTuple_Check(args)) ||
	    (keywords != NULL && !PyDict_Check(keywords)) ||
	    format == NULL ||
	    kwlist == NULL)
	{
		PyErr_BadInternalCall();
		return 0;
	}

#ifdef VA_LIST_IS_ARRAY
	memcpy(lva, va, sizeof(va_list));
#else
#ifdef __va_copy
	__va_copy(lva, va);
#else
	lva = va;
#endif
#endif

	retval = vgetargskeywords(args, keywords, format, kwlist, &lva, 0);	
	return retval;
}

int
_PyArg_VaParseTupleAndKeywords_SizeT(PyObject *args,
				    PyObject *keywords,
				    const char *format, 
				    char **kwlist, va_list va)
{
	int retval;
	va_list lva;

	if ((args == NULL || !PyTuple_Check(args)) ||
	    (keywords != NULL && !PyDict_Check(keywords)) ||
	    format == NULL ||
	    kwlist == NULL)
	{
		PyErr_BadInternalCall();
		return 0;
	}

#ifdef VA_LIST_IS_ARRAY
	memcpy(lva, va, sizeof(va_list));
#else
#ifdef __va_copy
	__va_copy(lva, va);
#else
	lva = va;
#endif
#endif

	retval = vgetargskeywords(args, keywords, format, 
				  kwlist, &lva, FLAG_SIZE_T);
	return retval;
}


static int
vgetargskeywords(PyObject *args, PyObject *keywords, const char *format,
	         char **kwlist, va_list *p_va, int flags)
{
	char msgbuf[512];
	int levels[32];
	const char *fname, *message;
	int min, max;
	const char *formatsave;
	int i, len, nargs, nkeywords;
	const char *msg;
	char **p;
	PyObject *freelist = NULL;

	assert(args != NULL && PyTuple_Check(args));
	assert(keywords == NULL || PyDict_Check(keywords));
	assert(format != NULL);
	assert(kwlist != NULL);
	assert(p_va != NULL);

	/* Search the format:
	   message <- error msg, if any (else NULL).
	   fname <- routine name, if any (else NULL).
	   min <- # of required arguments, or -1 if all are required.
	   max <- most arguments (required + optional).
	   Check that kwlist has a non-NULL entry for each arg.
	   Raise error if a tuple arg spec is found.
	*/
	fname = message = NULL;
	formatsave = format;
	p = kwlist;
	min = -1;
	max = 0;
	while ((i = *format++) != '\0') {
		if (isalpha(Py_CHARMASK(i)) && i != 'e') {
			max++;
			if (*p == NULL) {
				PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError,
					"more argument specifiers than "
					"keyword list entries");
				return 0;
			}
			p++;
		}
		else if (i == '|')
			min = max;
		else if (i == ':') {
			fname = format;
			break;
		}
		else if (i == ';') {
			message = format;
			break;
		}
		else if (i == '(') {
			PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError,
				"tuple found in format when using keyword "
				"arguments");
			return 0;
		}
	}
	format = formatsave;
	if (*p != NULL) {
		PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError,
			"more keyword list entries than "
			"argument specifiers");
		return 0;
	}
	if (min < 0) {
		/* All arguments are required. */
		min = max;
	}

	nargs = PyTuple_GET_SIZE(args);
	nkeywords = keywords == NULL ? 0 : PyDict_Size(keywords);

	/* make sure there are no duplicate values for an argument;
	   its not clear when to use the term "keyword argument vs. 
	   keyword parameter in messages */
	if (nkeywords > 0) {
		for (i = 0; i < nargs; i++) {
			const char *thiskw = kwlist[i];
			if (thiskw == NULL)
				break;
			if (PyDict_GetItemString(keywords, thiskw)) {
				PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
					"keyword parameter '%s' was given "
					"by position and by name",
					thiskw);
				return 0;
			}
			else if (PyErr_Occurred())
				return 0;
		}
	}

	/* required arguments missing from args can be supplied by keyword 
	   arguments; set len to the number of positional arguments, and,
	   if that's less than the minimum required, add in the number of
	   required arguments that are supplied by keywords */
	len = nargs;
	if (nkeywords > 0 && nargs < min) {
		for (i = nargs; i < min; i++) {
			if (PyDict_GetItemString(keywords, kwlist[i]))
				len++;
			else if (PyErr_Occurred())
				return 0;
		}
	}

	/* make sure we got an acceptable number of arguments; the message
	   is a little confusing with keywords since keyword arguments
	   which are supplied, but don't match the required arguments
	   are not included in the "%d given" part of the message 
	   XXX and this isn't a bug!? */
	if (len < min || max < len) {
		if (message == NULL) {
			PyOS_snprintf(msgbuf, sizeof(msgbuf),
				      "%.200s%s takes %s %d argument%s "
				      "(%d given)",
				      fname==NULL ? "function" : fname,
				      fname==NULL ? "" : "()",
				      min==max ? "exactly"
			              : len < min ? "at least" : "at most",
				      len < min ? min : max,
				      (len < min ? min : max) == 1 ? "" : "s",
				      len);
			message = msgbuf;
		}
		PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, message);
		return 0;
	}

	/* convert the positional arguments */
	for (i = 0; i < nargs; i++) {
		if (*format == '|')
			format++;
		msg = convertitem(PyTuple_GET_ITEM(args, i), &format, p_va,
				  flags, levels, msgbuf, sizeof(msgbuf), 
				  &freelist);
		if (msg) {
			seterror(i+1, msg, levels, fname, message);
			return cleanreturn(0, freelist);
		}
	}

	/* handle no keyword parameters in call */	
	if (nkeywords == 0)
		return cleanreturn(1, freelist);

	/* convert the keyword arguments; this uses the format 
	   string where it was left after processing args */
	for (i = nargs; i < max; i++) {
		PyObject *item;
		if (*format == '|')
			format++;
		item = PyDict_GetItemString(keywords, kwlist[i]);
		if (item != NULL) {
			Py_INCREF(item);
			msg = convertitem(item, &format, p_va, flags, levels, 
					  msgbuf, sizeof(msgbuf), &freelist);
			Py_DECREF(item);
			if (msg) {
				seterror(i+1, msg, levels, fname, message);
				return cleanreturn(0, freelist);
			}
			--nkeywords;
			if (nkeywords == 0)
				break;
		}
		else if (PyErr_Occurred())
			return cleanreturn(0, freelist);
		else {
			msg = skipitem(&format, p_va, flags);
			if (msg) {
				levels[0] = 0;
				seterror(i+1, msg, levels, fname, message);
				return cleanreturn(0, freelist);
			}
		}
	}

	/* make sure there are no extraneous keyword arguments */
	if (nkeywords > 0) {
		PyObject *key, *value;
		Py_ssize_t pos = 0;
		while (PyDict_Next(keywords, &pos, &key, &value)) {
			int match = 0;
			char *ks;
			if (!PyString_Check(key)) {
				PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, 
					        "keywords must be strings");
				return cleanreturn(0, freelist);
			}
			ks = PyString_AsString(key);
			for (i = 0; i < max; i++) {
				if (!strcmp(ks, kwlist[i])) {
					match = 1;
					break;
				}
			}
			if (!match) {
				PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
					     "'%s' is an invalid keyword "
					     "argument for this function",
					     ks);
				return cleanreturn(0, freelist);
			}
		}
	}

	return cleanreturn(1, freelist);
}


static char *
skipitem(const char **p_format, va_list *p_va, int flags)
{
        const char *format = *p_format;
	char c = *format++;
	
	switch (c) {

	/* simple codes
	 * The individual types (second arg of va_arg) are irrelevant */

	case 'b': /* byte -- very short int */
	case 'B': /* byte as bitfield */
	case 'h': /* short int */
	case 'H': /* short int as bitfield */
	case 'i': /* int */
	case 'I': /* int sized bitfield */
	case 'l': /* long int */
	case 'k': /* long int sized bitfield */
#ifdef HAVE_LONG_LONG
	case 'L': /* PY_LONG_LONG */
	case 'K': /* PY_LONG_LONG sized bitfield */
#endif
	case 'f': /* float */
	case 'd': /* double */
#ifndef WITHOUT_COMPLEX
	case 'D': /* complex double */
#endif
	case 'c': /* char */
		{
			(void) va_arg(*p_va, void *);
			break;
		}

	case 'n': /* Py_ssize_t */
		{
			(void) va_arg(*p_va, Py_ssize_t *);
			break;
		}
	
	/* string codes */
		
	case 'e': /* string with encoding */
		{
			(void) va_arg(*p_va, const char *);
			if (!(*format == 's' || *format == 't'))
				/* after 'e', only 's' and 't' is allowed */
				goto err;
			format++;
			/* explicit fallthrough to string cases */
		}
	
	case 's': /* string */
	case 'z': /* string or None */
#ifdef Py_USING_UNICODE
	case 'u': /* unicode string */
#endif
	case 't': /* buffer, read-only */
	case 'w': /* buffer, read-write */
		{
			(void) va_arg(*p_va, char **);
			if (*format == '#') {
				if (flags & FLAG_SIZE_T)
					(void) va_arg(*p_va, Py_ssize_t *);
				else
					(void) va_arg(*p_va, int *);
				format++;
			}
			break;
		}

	/* object codes */

	case 'S': /* string object */
#ifdef Py_USING_UNICODE
	case 'U': /* unicode string object */
#endif
		{
			(void) va_arg(*p_va, PyObject **);
			break;
		}
	
	case 'O': /* object */
		{
			if (*format == '!') {
				format++;
				(void) va_arg(*p_va, PyTypeObject*);
				(void) va_arg(*p_va, PyObject **);
			}
#if 0
/* I don't know what this is for */
			else if (*format == '?') {
				inquiry pred = va_arg(*p_va, inquiry);
				format++;
				if ((*pred)(arg)) {
					(void) va_arg(*p_va, PyObject **);
				}
			}
#endif
			else if (*format == '&') {
				typedef int (*converter)(PyObject *, void *);
				(void) va_arg(*p_va, converter);
				(void) va_arg(*p_va, void *);
				format++;
			}
			else {
				(void) va_arg(*p_va, PyObject **);
			}
			break;
		}
	
	default:
err:
		return "impossible<bad format char>";
	
	}

	/* The "(...)" format code for tuples is not handled here because
	 * it is not allowed with keyword args. */
	
	*p_format = format;
	return NULL;
}


int
PyArg_UnpackTuple(PyObject *args, const char *name, Py_ssize_t min, Py_ssize_t max, ...)
{
	Py_ssize_t i, l;
	PyObject **o;
	va_list vargs;

#ifdef HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES
	va_start(vargs, max);
#else
	va_start(vargs);
#endif

	assert(min >= 0);
	assert(min <= max);
	if (!PyTuple_Check(args)) {
		PyErr_SetString(PyExc_SystemError,
		    "PyArg_UnpackTuple() argument list is not a tuple");
		return 0;
	}	
	l = PyTuple_GET_SIZE(args);
	if (l < min) {
		if (name != NULL)
			PyErr_Format(
			    PyExc_TypeError,
			    "%s expected %s%zd arguments, got %zd", 
			    name, (min == max ? "" : "at least "), min, l);
		else
			PyErr_Format(
			    PyExc_TypeError,
			    "unpacked tuple should have %s%zd elements,"
			    " but has %zd", 
			    (min == max ? "" : "at least "), min, l);
		va_end(vargs);
		return 0;
	}
	if (l > max) {
		if (name != NULL)
			PyErr_Format(
			    PyExc_TypeError,
			    "%s expected %s%zd arguments, got %zd", 
			    name, (min == max ? "" : "at most "), max, l);
		else
			PyErr_Format(
			    PyExc_TypeError,
			    "unpacked tuple should have %s%zd elements,"
			    " but has %zd", 
			    (min == max ? "" : "at most "), max, l);
		va_end(vargs);
		return 0;
	}
	for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
		o = va_arg(vargs, PyObject **);
		*o = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(args, i);
	}
	va_end(vargs);
	return 1;
}


/* For type constructors that don't take keyword args
 *
 * Sets a TypeError and returns 0 if the kwds dict is 
 * not empty, returns 1 otherwise
 */
int
_PyArg_NoKeywords(const char *funcname, PyObject *kw)
{
	if (kw == NULL)
		return 1;
	if (!PyDict_CheckExact(kw)) {
		PyErr_BadInternalCall();
		return 0;
	}
	if (PyDict_Size(kw) == 0)
		return 1;
	
	PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError, "%s does not take keyword arguments", 
			funcname);
	return 0;
}
#ifdef __cplusplus
};
#endif