view Python/pythonrun.c @ 40643:47f9efdc0855

Merged revisions 53304-53433,53435-53450 via svnmerge from svn+ssh://pythondev@svn.python.org/python/trunk ........ r53304 | vinay.sajip | 2007-01-09 15:50:28 +0100 (Tue, 09 Jan 2007) | 1 line Bug #1627575: Added _open() method to FileHandler which can be used to reopen files. The FileHandler instance now saves the encoding (which can be None) in an attribute called "encoding". ........ r53305 | vinay.sajip | 2007-01-09 15:51:36 +0100 (Tue, 09 Jan 2007) | 1 line Added entry about addition of _open() method to logging.FileHandler. ........ r53306 | vinay.sajip | 2007-01-09 15:54:56 +0100 (Tue, 09 Jan 2007) | 1 line Added a docstring ........ r53316 | thomas.heller | 2007-01-09 20:19:33 +0100 (Tue, 09 Jan 2007) | 4 lines Verify the sizes of the basic ctypes data types against the struct module. Will backport to release25-maint. ........ r53340 | gustavo.niemeyer | 2007-01-10 17:13:40 +0100 (Wed, 10 Jan 2007) | 3 lines Mention in the int() docstring that a base zero has meaning, as stated in http://docs.python.org/lib/built-in-funcs.html as well. ........ r53341 | gustavo.niemeyer | 2007-01-10 17:15:48 +0100 (Wed, 10 Jan 2007) | 2 lines Minor change in int() docstring for proper spacing. ........ r53358 | thomas.heller | 2007-01-10 21:12:13 +0100 (Wed, 10 Jan 2007) | 1 line Change the ctypes version number to "1.1.0". ........ r53361 | thomas.heller | 2007-01-10 21:51:19 +0100 (Wed, 10 Jan 2007) | 1 line Must change the version number in the _ctypes extension as well. ........ r53362 | guido.van.rossum | 2007-01-11 00:12:56 +0100 (Thu, 11 Jan 2007) | 3 lines Fix the signature of log_error(). (A subclass that did the right thing was getting complaints from pychecker.) ........ r53370 | matthias.klose | 2007-01-11 11:26:31 +0100 (Thu, 11 Jan 2007) | 2 lines - Make the documentation match the code and the docstring ........ r53375 | matthias.klose | 2007-01-11 12:44:04 +0100 (Thu, 11 Jan 2007) | 2 lines - idle: Honor the "Cancel" action in the save dialog (Debian bug #299092). ........ r53381 | raymond.hettinger | 2007-01-11 19:22:55 +0100 (Thu, 11 Jan 2007) | 1 line SF #1486663 -- Allow keyword args in subclasses of set() and frozenset(). ........ r53388 | thomas.heller | 2007-01-11 22:18:56 +0100 (Thu, 11 Jan 2007) | 4 lines Fixes for 64-bit Windows: In ctypes.wintypes, correct the definitions of HANDLE, WPARAM, LPARAM data types. Make parameterless foreign function calls work. ........ r53390 | thomas.heller | 2007-01-11 22:23:12 +0100 (Thu, 11 Jan 2007) | 2 lines Correct the comments: the code is right. ........ r53393 | brett.cannon | 2007-01-12 08:27:52 +0100 (Fri, 12 Jan 2007) | 3 lines Fix error where the end of a funcdesc environment was accidentally moved too far down. ........ r53397 | anthony.baxter | 2007-01-12 10:35:56 +0100 (Fri, 12 Jan 2007) | 3 lines add parsetok.h as a dependency - previously, changing this file doesn't cause the right files to be rebuilt. ........ r53401 | thomas.heller | 2007-01-12 21:08:19 +0100 (Fri, 12 Jan 2007) | 3 lines Avoid warnings in the test suite because ctypes.wintypes cannot be imported on non-windows systems. ........ r53402 | thomas.heller | 2007-01-12 21:17:34 +0100 (Fri, 12 Jan 2007) | 6 lines patch #1610795: BSD version of ctypes.util.find_library, by Martin Kammerhofer. release25-maint backport candidate, but the release manager has to decide. ........ r53403 | thomas.heller | 2007-01-12 21:21:53 +0100 (Fri, 12 Jan 2007) | 3 lines patch #1610795: BSD version of ctypes.util.find_library, by Martin Kammerhofer. ........ r53406 | brett.cannon | 2007-01-13 01:29:49 +0100 (Sat, 13 Jan 2007) | 2 lines Deprecate the sets module. ........ r53407 | georg.brandl | 2007-01-13 13:31:51 +0100 (Sat, 13 Jan 2007) | 3 lines Fix typo. ........ r53409 | marc-andre.lemburg | 2007-01-13 22:00:08 +0100 (Sat, 13 Jan 2007) | 16 lines Bump version number and change copyright year. Add new API linux_distribution() which supports reading the full distribution name and also knows how to parse LSB-style release files. Redirect the old dist() API to the new API (using the short distribution name taken from the release file filename). Add branch and revision to _sys_version(). Add work-around for Cygwin to libc_ver(). Add support for IronPython (thanks for Anthony Baxter) and make Jython support more robust. ........ r53410 | neal.norwitz | 2007-01-13 22:22:37 +0100 (Sat, 13 Jan 2007) | 1 line Fix grammar in docstrings ........ r53411 | marc-andre.lemburg | 2007-01-13 23:32:21 +0100 (Sat, 13 Jan 2007) | 9 lines Add parameter sys_version to _sys_version(). Change the cache for _sys_version() to take the parameter into account. Add support for parsing the IronPython 1.0.1 sys.version value - even though it still returns '1.0.0'; the version string no longer includes the patch level. ........ r53412 | peter.astrand | 2007-01-13 23:35:35 +0100 (Sat, 13 Jan 2007) | 1 line Fix for bug #1634343: allow specifying empty arguments on Windows ........ r53414 | marc-andre.lemburg | 2007-01-13 23:59:36 +0100 (Sat, 13 Jan 2007) | 14 lines Add Python implementation to the machine details. Pretty-print the Python version used for running PyBench. Let the user know when calibration has finished. [ 1563844 ] pybench support for IronPython: Simplify Unicode version detection. Make garbage collection and check interval settings optional if the Python implementation doesn't support thess (e.g. IronPython). ........ r53415 | marc-andre.lemburg | 2007-01-14 00:13:54 +0100 (Sun, 14 Jan 2007) | 5 lines Use defaults if sys.executable isn't set (e.g. on Jython). This change allows running PyBench under Jython. ........ r53416 | marc-andre.lemburg | 2007-01-14 00:15:33 +0100 (Sun, 14 Jan 2007) | 3 lines Jython doesn't have sys.setcheckinterval() - ignore it in that case. ........ r53420 | gerhard.haering | 2007-01-14 02:43:50 +0100 (Sun, 14 Jan 2007) | 29 lines Merged changes from standalone version 2.3.3. This should probably all be merged into the 2.5 maintenance branch: - self->statement was not checked while fetching data, which could lead to crashes if you used the pysqlite API in unusual ways. Closing the cursor and continuing to fetch data was enough. - Converters are stored in a converters dictionary. The converter name is uppercased first. The old upper-casing algorithm was wrong and was replaced by a simple call to the Python string's upper() method instead. -Applied patch by Glyph Lefkowitz that fixes the problem with subsequent SQLITE_SCHEMA errors. - Improvement to the row type: rows can now be iterated over and have a keys() method. This improves compatibility with both tuple and dict a lot. - A bugfix for the subsecond resolution in timestamps. - Corrected the way the flags PARSE_DECLTYPES and PARSE_COLNAMES are checked for. Now they work as documented. - gcc on Linux sucks. It exports all symbols by default in shared libraries, so if symbols are not unique it can lead to problems with symbol lookup. pysqlite used to crash under Apache when mod_cache was enabled because both modules had the symbol cache_init. I fixed this by applying the prefix pysqlite_ almost everywhere. Sigh. ........ r53423 | guido.van.rossum | 2007-01-14 04:46:33 +0100 (Sun, 14 Jan 2007) | 2 lines Remove a dependency of this test on $COLUMNS. ........ r53425 | ka-ping.yee | 2007-01-14 05:25:15 +0100 (Sun, 14 Jan 2007) | 3 lines Handle old-style instances more gracefully (display documentation on the relevant class instead of documentation on <type 'instance'>). ........ r53440 | vinay.sajip | 2007-01-14 22:49:59 +0100 (Sun, 14 Jan 2007) | 1 line Added WatchedFileHandler (based on SF patch #1598415) ........ r53441 | vinay.sajip | 2007-01-14 22:50:50 +0100 (Sun, 14 Jan 2007) | 1 line Added documentation for WatchedFileHandler (based on SF patch #1598415) ........ r53442 | guido.van.rossum | 2007-01-15 01:02:35 +0100 (Mon, 15 Jan 2007) | 2 lines Doc patch matching r53434 (htonl etc. now always take/return positive ints). ........
author Thomas Wouters <thomas@python.org>
date Mon, 15 Jan 2007 15:49:28 +0000
parents 4aee3f672f77
children 6ebad2a6b990
line wrap: on
line source


/* Python interpreter top-level routines, including init/exit */

#include "Python.h"

#include "Python-ast.h"
#include "grammar.h"
#include "node.h"
#include "token.h"
#include "parsetok.h"
#include "errcode.h"
#include "code.h"
#include "compile.h"
#include "symtable.h"
#include "pyarena.h"
#include "ast.h"
#include "eval.h"
#include "marshal.h"

#ifdef HAVE_SIGNAL_H
#include <signal.h>
#endif

#ifdef HAVE_LANGINFO_H
#include <locale.h>
#include <langinfo.h>
#endif

#ifdef MS_WINDOWS
#undef BYTE
#include "windows.h"
#endif

#ifndef Py_REF_DEBUG
#define PRINT_TOTAL_REFS()
#else /* Py_REF_DEBUG */
#define PRINT_TOTAL_REFS() fprintf(stderr,				\
				   "[%" PY_FORMAT_SIZE_T "d refs]\n",	\
				   _Py_GetRefTotal())
#endif

#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" {
#endif

extern char *Py_GetPath(void);

extern grammar _PyParser_Grammar; /* From graminit.c */

/* Forward */
static void initmain(void);
static void initsite(void);
static PyObject *run_mod(mod_ty, const char *, PyObject *, PyObject *,
			  PyCompilerFlags *, PyArena *);
static PyObject *run_pyc_file(FILE *, const char *, PyObject *, PyObject *,
			      PyCompilerFlags *);
static void err_input(perrdetail *);
static void initsigs(void);
static void call_sys_exitfunc(void);
static void call_ll_exitfuncs(void);
extern void _PyUnicode_Init(void);
extern void _PyUnicode_Fini(void);
extern int _PyLong_Init(void);
extern void PyLong_Fini(void);

#ifdef WITH_THREAD
extern void _PyGILState_Init(PyInterpreterState *, PyThreadState *);
extern void _PyGILState_Fini(void);
#endif /* WITH_THREAD */

int Py_DebugFlag; /* Needed by parser.c */
int Py_VerboseFlag; /* Needed by import.c */
int Py_InteractiveFlag; /* Needed by Py_FdIsInteractive() below */
int Py_NoSiteFlag; /* Suppress 'import site' */
int Py_UseClassExceptionsFlag = 1; /* Needed by bltinmodule.c: deprecated */
int Py_FrozenFlag; /* Needed by getpath.c */
int Py_UnicodeFlag = 0; /* Needed by compile.c */
int Py_IgnoreEnvironmentFlag; /* e.g. PYTHONPATH, PYTHONHOME */

/* Reference to 'warnings' module, to avoid importing it
   on the fly when the import lock may be held.  See 683658/771097
*/
static PyObject *warnings_module = NULL;

/* Returns a borrowed reference to the 'warnings' module, or NULL.
   If the module is returned, it is guaranteed to have been obtained
   without acquiring the import lock
*/
PyObject *PyModule_GetWarningsModule(void)
{
	PyObject *typ, *val, *tb;
	PyObject *all_modules;
	/* If we managed to get the module at init time, just use it */
	if (warnings_module)
		return warnings_module;
	/* If it wasn't available at init time, it may be available
	   now in sys.modules (common scenario is frozen apps: import
	   at init time fails, but the frozen init code sets up sys.path
	   correctly, then does an implicit import of warnings for us
	*/
	/* Save and restore any exceptions */
	PyErr_Fetch(&typ, &val, &tb);

	all_modules = PySys_GetObject("modules");
	if (all_modules) {
		warnings_module = PyDict_GetItemString(all_modules, "warnings");
		/* We keep a ref in the global */
		Py_XINCREF(warnings_module);
	}
	PyErr_Restore(typ, val, tb);
	return warnings_module;
}

static int initialized = 0;

/* API to access the initialized flag -- useful for esoteric use */

int
Py_IsInitialized(void)
{
	return initialized;
}

/* Global initializations.  Can be undone by Py_Finalize().  Don't
   call this twice without an intervening Py_Finalize() call.  When
   initializations fail, a fatal error is issued and the function does
   not return.  On return, the first thread and interpreter state have
   been created.

   Locking: you must hold the interpreter lock while calling this.
   (If the lock has not yet been initialized, that's equivalent to
   having the lock, but you cannot use multiple threads.)

*/

static int
add_flag(int flag, const char *envs)
{
	int env = atoi(envs);
	if (flag < env)
		flag = env;
	if (flag < 1)
		flag = 1;
	return flag;
}

void
Py_InitializeEx(int install_sigs)
{
	PyInterpreterState *interp;
	PyThreadState *tstate;
	PyObject *bimod, *sysmod;
	char *p;
#if defined(Py_USING_UNICODE) && defined(HAVE_LANGINFO_H) && defined(CODESET)
	char *codeset;
	char *saved_locale;
	PyObject *sys_stream, *sys_isatty;
#endif
	extern void _Py_ReadyTypes(void);

	if (initialized)
		return;
	initialized = 1;

	if ((p = Py_GETENV("PYTHONDEBUG")) && *p != '\0')
		Py_DebugFlag = add_flag(Py_DebugFlag, p);
	if ((p = Py_GETENV("PYTHONVERBOSE")) && *p != '\0')
		Py_VerboseFlag = add_flag(Py_VerboseFlag, p);
	if ((p = Py_GETENV("PYTHONOPTIMIZE")) && *p != '\0')
		Py_OptimizeFlag = add_flag(Py_OptimizeFlag, p);

	interp = PyInterpreterState_New();
	if (interp == NULL)
		Py_FatalError("Py_Initialize: can't make first interpreter");

	tstate = PyThreadState_New(interp);
	if (tstate == NULL)
		Py_FatalError("Py_Initialize: can't make first thread");
	(void) PyThreadState_Swap(tstate);

	_Py_ReadyTypes();

	if (!_PyFrame_Init())
		Py_FatalError("Py_Initialize: can't init frames");

	if (!_PyLong_Init())
		Py_FatalError("Py_Initialize: can't init longs");

	_PyFloat_Init();

	interp->modules = PyDict_New();
	if (interp->modules == NULL)
		Py_FatalError("Py_Initialize: can't make modules dictionary");

#ifdef Py_USING_UNICODE
	/* Init Unicode implementation; relies on the codec registry */
	_PyUnicode_Init();
#endif

	bimod = _PyBuiltin_Init();
	if (bimod == NULL)
		Py_FatalError("Py_Initialize: can't initialize __builtin__");
	interp->builtins = PyModule_GetDict(bimod);
	if (interp->builtins == NULL)
		Py_FatalError("Py_Initialize: can't initialize builtins dict");
	Py_INCREF(interp->builtins);

	sysmod = _PySys_Init();
	if (sysmod == NULL)
		Py_FatalError("Py_Initialize: can't initialize sys");
	interp->sysdict = PyModule_GetDict(sysmod);
	if (interp->sysdict == NULL)
		Py_FatalError("Py_Initialize: can't initialize sys dict");
	Py_INCREF(interp->sysdict);
	_PyImport_FixupExtension("sys", "sys");
	PySys_SetPath(Py_GetPath());
	PyDict_SetItemString(interp->sysdict, "modules",
			     interp->modules);

	_PyImport_Init();

	/* initialize builtin exceptions */
	_PyExc_Init();
	_PyImport_FixupExtension("exceptions", "exceptions");

	/* phase 2 of builtins */
	_PyImport_FixupExtension("__builtin__", "__builtin__");

	_PyImportHooks_Init();

	if (install_sigs)
		initsigs(); /* Signal handling stuff, including initintr() */

	initmain(); /* Module __main__ */
	if (!Py_NoSiteFlag)
		initsite(); /* Module site */

	/* auto-thread-state API, if available */
#ifdef WITH_THREAD
	_PyGILState_Init(interp, tstate);
#endif /* WITH_THREAD */

	warnings_module = PyImport_ImportModule("warnings");
	if (!warnings_module)
		PyErr_Clear();

#if defined(Py_USING_UNICODE) && defined(HAVE_LANGINFO_H) && defined(CODESET)
	/* On Unix, set the file system encoding according to the
	   user's preference, if the CODESET names a well-known
	   Python codec, and Py_FileSystemDefaultEncoding isn't
	   initialized by other means. Also set the encoding of
	   stdin and stdout if these are terminals.  */

	saved_locale = strdup(setlocale(LC_CTYPE, NULL));
	setlocale(LC_CTYPE, "");
	codeset = nl_langinfo(CODESET);
	if (codeset && *codeset) {
		PyObject *enc = PyCodec_Encoder(codeset);
		if (enc) {
			codeset = strdup(codeset);
			Py_DECREF(enc);
		} else {
			codeset = NULL;
			PyErr_Clear();
		}
	} else
		codeset = NULL;
	setlocale(LC_CTYPE, saved_locale);
	free(saved_locale);

	if (codeset) {
		sys_stream = PySys_GetObject("stdin");
		sys_isatty = PyObject_CallMethod(sys_stream, "isatty", "");
		if (!sys_isatty)
			PyErr_Clear();
		if(sys_isatty && PyObject_IsTrue(sys_isatty)) {
			if (!PyFile_SetEncoding(sys_stream, codeset))
				Py_FatalError("Cannot set codeset of stdin");
		}
		Py_XDECREF(sys_isatty);

		sys_stream = PySys_GetObject("stdout");
		sys_isatty = PyObject_CallMethod(sys_stream, "isatty", "");
		if (!sys_isatty)
			PyErr_Clear();
		if(sys_isatty && PyObject_IsTrue(sys_isatty)) {
			if (!PyFile_SetEncoding(sys_stream, codeset))
				Py_FatalError("Cannot set codeset of stdout");
		}
		Py_XDECREF(sys_isatty);

		sys_stream = PySys_GetObject("stderr");
		sys_isatty = PyObject_CallMethod(sys_stream, "isatty", "");
		if (!sys_isatty)
			PyErr_Clear();
		if(sys_isatty && PyObject_IsTrue(sys_isatty)) {
			if (!PyFile_SetEncoding(sys_stream, codeset))
				Py_FatalError("Cannot set codeset of stderr");
		}
		Py_XDECREF(sys_isatty);

		if (!Py_FileSystemDefaultEncoding)
			Py_FileSystemDefaultEncoding = codeset;
		else
			free(codeset);
	}
#endif
}

void
Py_Initialize(void)
{
	Py_InitializeEx(1);
}


#ifdef COUNT_ALLOCS
extern void dump_counts(FILE*);
#endif

/* Undo the effect of Py_Initialize().

   Beware: if multiple interpreter and/or thread states exist, these
   are not wiped out; only the current thread and interpreter state
   are deleted.  But since everything else is deleted, those other
   interpreter and thread states should no longer be used.

   (XXX We should do better, e.g. wipe out all interpreters and
   threads.)

   Locking: as above.

*/

void
Py_Finalize(void)
{
	PyInterpreterState *interp;
	PyThreadState *tstate;

	if (!initialized)
		return;

	/* The interpreter is still entirely intact at this point, and the
	 * exit funcs may be relying on that.  In particular, if some thread
	 * or exit func is still waiting to do an import, the import machinery
	 * expects Py_IsInitialized() to return true.  So don't say the
	 * interpreter is uninitialized until after the exit funcs have run.
	 * Note that Threading.py uses an exit func to do a join on all the
	 * threads created thru it, so this also protects pending imports in
	 * the threads created via Threading.
	 */
	call_sys_exitfunc();
	initialized = 0;

	/* Get current thread state and interpreter pointer */
	tstate = PyThreadState_GET();
	interp = tstate->interp;

	/* Disable signal handling */
	PyOS_FiniInterrupts();

	/* drop module references we saved */
	Py_XDECREF(warnings_module);
	warnings_module = NULL;

	/* Collect garbage.  This may call finalizers; it's nice to call these
	 * before all modules are destroyed.
	 * XXX If a __del__ or weakref callback is triggered here, and tries to
	 * XXX import a module, bad things can happen, because Python no
	 * XXX longer believes it's initialized.
	 * XXX     Fatal Python error: Interpreter not initialized (version mismatch?)
	 * XXX is easy to provoke that way.  I've also seen, e.g.,
	 * XXX     Exception exceptions.ImportError: 'No module named sha'
	 * XXX         in <function callback at 0x008F5718> ignored
	 * XXX but I'm unclear on exactly how that one happens.  In any case,
	 * XXX I haven't seen a real-life report of either of these.
	 */
	PyGC_Collect();
#ifdef COUNT_ALLOCS
	/* With COUNT_ALLOCS, it helps to run GC multiple times:
	   each collection might release some types from the type
	   list, so they become garbage. */
	while (PyGC_Collect() > 0)
		/* nothing */;
#endif

	/* Destroy all modules */
	PyImport_Cleanup();

	/* Collect final garbage.  This disposes of cycles created by
	 * new-style class definitions, for example.
	 * XXX This is disabled because it caused too many problems.  If
	 * XXX a __del__ or weakref callback triggers here, Python code has
	 * XXX a hard time running, because even the sys module has been
	 * XXX cleared out (sys.stdout is gone, sys.excepthook is gone, etc).
	 * XXX One symptom is a sequence of information-free messages
	 * XXX coming from threads (if a __del__ or callback is invoked,
	 * XXX other threads can execute too, and any exception they encounter
	 * XXX triggers a comedy of errors as subsystem after subsystem
	 * XXX fails to find what it *expects* to find in sys to help report
	 * XXX the exception and consequent unexpected failures).  I've also
	 * XXX seen segfaults then, after adding print statements to the
	 * XXX Python code getting called.
	 */
#if 0
	PyGC_Collect();
#endif

	/* Destroy the database used by _PyImport_{Fixup,Find}Extension */
	_PyImport_Fini();

	/* Debugging stuff */
#ifdef COUNT_ALLOCS
	dump_counts(stdout);
#endif

	PRINT_TOTAL_REFS();

#ifdef Py_TRACE_REFS
	/* Display all objects still alive -- this can invoke arbitrary
	 * __repr__ overrides, so requires a mostly-intact interpreter.
	 * Alas, a lot of stuff may still be alive now that will be cleaned
	 * up later.
	 */
	if (Py_GETENV("PYTHONDUMPREFS"))
		_Py_PrintReferences(stderr);
#endif /* Py_TRACE_REFS */

	/* Cleanup auto-thread-state */
#ifdef WITH_THREAD
	_PyGILState_Fini();
#endif /* WITH_THREAD */

	/* Clear interpreter state */
	PyInterpreterState_Clear(interp);

	/* Now we decref the exception classes.  After this point nothing
	   can raise an exception.  That's okay, because each Fini() method
	   below has been checked to make sure no exceptions are ever
	   raised.
	*/

	_PyExc_Fini();

	/* Delete current thread */
	PyThreadState_Swap(NULL);
	PyInterpreterState_Delete(interp);

	/* Sundry finalizers */
	PyMethod_Fini();
	PyFrame_Fini();
	PyCFunction_Fini();
	PyTuple_Fini();
	PyList_Fini();
	PySet_Fini();
	PyString_Fini();
	PyLong_Fini();
	PyFloat_Fini();

#ifdef Py_USING_UNICODE
	/* Cleanup Unicode implementation */
	_PyUnicode_Fini();
#endif

	/* XXX Still allocated:
	   - various static ad-hoc pointers to interned strings
	   - int and float free list blocks
	   - whatever various modules and libraries allocate
	*/

	PyGrammar_RemoveAccelerators(&_PyParser_Grammar);

#ifdef Py_TRACE_REFS
	/* Display addresses (& refcnts) of all objects still alive.
	 * An address can be used to find the repr of the object, printed
	 * above by _Py_PrintReferences.
	 */
	if (Py_GETENV("PYTHONDUMPREFS"))
		_Py_PrintReferenceAddresses(stderr);
#endif /* Py_TRACE_REFS */
#ifdef PYMALLOC_DEBUG
	if (Py_GETENV("PYTHONMALLOCSTATS"))
		_PyObject_DebugMallocStats();
#endif

	call_ll_exitfuncs();
}

/* Create and initialize a new interpreter and thread, and return the
   new thread.  This requires that Py_Initialize() has been called
   first.

   Unsuccessful initialization yields a NULL pointer.  Note that *no*
   exception information is available even in this case -- the
   exception information is held in the thread, and there is no
   thread.

   Locking: as above.

*/

PyThreadState *
Py_NewInterpreter(void)
{
	PyInterpreterState *interp;
	PyThreadState *tstate, *save_tstate;
	PyObject *bimod, *sysmod;

	if (!initialized)
		Py_FatalError("Py_NewInterpreter: call Py_Initialize first");

	interp = PyInterpreterState_New();
	if (interp == NULL)
		return NULL;

	tstate = PyThreadState_New(interp);
	if (tstate == NULL) {
		PyInterpreterState_Delete(interp);
		return NULL;
	}

	save_tstate = PyThreadState_Swap(tstate);

	/* XXX The following is lax in error checking */

	interp->modules = PyDict_New();

	bimod = _PyImport_FindExtension("__builtin__", "__builtin__");
	if (bimod != NULL) {
		interp->builtins = PyModule_GetDict(bimod);
		if (interp->builtins == NULL)
			goto handle_error;
		Py_INCREF(interp->builtins);
	}
	sysmod = _PyImport_FindExtension("sys", "sys");
	if (bimod != NULL && sysmod != NULL) {
		interp->sysdict = PyModule_GetDict(sysmod);
		if (interp->sysdict == NULL)
			goto handle_error;
		Py_INCREF(interp->sysdict);
		PySys_SetPath(Py_GetPath());
		PyDict_SetItemString(interp->sysdict, "modules",
				     interp->modules);
		_PyImportHooks_Init();
		initmain();
		if (!Py_NoSiteFlag)
			initsite();
	}

	if (!PyErr_Occurred())
		return tstate;

handle_error:
	/* Oops, it didn't work.  Undo it all. */

	PyErr_Print();
	PyThreadState_Clear(tstate);
	PyThreadState_Swap(save_tstate);
	PyThreadState_Delete(tstate);
	PyInterpreterState_Delete(interp);

	return NULL;
}

/* Delete an interpreter and its last thread.  This requires that the
   given thread state is current, that the thread has no remaining
   frames, and that it is its interpreter's only remaining thread.
   It is a fatal error to violate these constraints.

   (Py_Finalize() doesn't have these constraints -- it zaps
   everything, regardless.)

   Locking: as above.

*/

void
Py_EndInterpreter(PyThreadState *tstate)
{
	PyInterpreterState *interp = tstate->interp;

	if (tstate != PyThreadState_GET())
		Py_FatalError("Py_EndInterpreter: thread is not current");
	if (tstate->frame != NULL)
		Py_FatalError("Py_EndInterpreter: thread still has a frame");
	if (tstate != interp->tstate_head || tstate->next != NULL)
		Py_FatalError("Py_EndInterpreter: not the last thread");

	PyImport_Cleanup();
	PyInterpreterState_Clear(interp);
	PyThreadState_Swap(NULL);
	PyInterpreterState_Delete(interp);
}

static char *progname = "python";

void
Py_SetProgramName(char *pn)
{
	if (pn && *pn)
		progname = pn;
}

char *
Py_GetProgramName(void)
{
	return progname;
}

static char *default_home = NULL;

void
Py_SetPythonHome(char *home)
{
	default_home = home;
}

char *
Py_GetPythonHome(void)
{
	char *home = default_home;
	if (home == NULL && !Py_IgnoreEnvironmentFlag)
		home = Py_GETENV("PYTHONHOME");
	return home;
}

/* Create __main__ module */

static void
initmain(void)
{
	PyObject *m, *d;
	m = PyImport_AddModule("__main__");
	if (m == NULL)
		Py_FatalError("can't create __main__ module");
	d = PyModule_GetDict(m);
	if (PyDict_GetItemString(d, "__builtins__") == NULL) {
		PyObject *bimod = PyImport_ImportModule("__builtin__");
		if (bimod == NULL ||
		    PyDict_SetItemString(d, "__builtins__", bimod) != 0)
			Py_FatalError("can't add __builtins__ to __main__");
		Py_DECREF(bimod);
	}
}

/* Import the site module (not into __main__ though) */

static void
initsite(void)
{
	PyObject *m, *f;
	m = PyImport_ImportModule("site");
	if (m == NULL) {
		f = PySys_GetObject("stderr");
		if (Py_VerboseFlag) {
			PyFile_WriteString(
				"'import site' failed; traceback:\n", f);
			PyErr_Print();
		}
		else {
			PyFile_WriteString(
			  "'import site' failed; use -v for traceback\n", f);
			PyErr_Clear();
		}
	}
	else {
		Py_DECREF(m);
	}
}

/* Parse input from a file and execute it */

int
PyRun_AnyFileExFlags(FILE *fp, const char *filename, int closeit,
		     PyCompilerFlags *flags)
{
	if (filename == NULL)
		filename = "???";
	if (Py_FdIsInteractive(fp, filename)) {
		int err = PyRun_InteractiveLoopFlags(fp, filename, flags);
		if (closeit)
			fclose(fp);
		return err;
	}
	else
		return PyRun_SimpleFileExFlags(fp, filename, closeit, flags);
}

int
PyRun_InteractiveLoopFlags(FILE *fp, const char *filename, PyCompilerFlags *flags)
{
	PyObject *v;
	int ret;
	PyCompilerFlags local_flags;

	if (flags == NULL) {
		flags = &local_flags;
		local_flags.cf_flags = 0;
	}
	v = PySys_GetObject("ps1");
	if (v == NULL) {
		PySys_SetObject("ps1", v = PyString_FromString(">>> "));
		Py_XDECREF(v);
	}
	v = PySys_GetObject("ps2");
	if (v == NULL) {
		PySys_SetObject("ps2", v = PyString_FromString("... "));
		Py_XDECREF(v);
	}
	for (;;) {
		ret = PyRun_InteractiveOneFlags(fp, filename, flags);
		PRINT_TOTAL_REFS();
		if (ret == E_EOF)
			return 0;
		/*
		if (ret == E_NOMEM)
			return -1;
		*/
	}
}

/* compute parser flags based on compiler flags */
#define PARSER_FLAGS(flags) \
	((flags) ? ((((flags)->cf_flags & PyCF_DONT_IMPLY_DEDENT) ? \
		      PyPARSE_DONT_IMPLY_DEDENT : 0)) : 0)

#if 0
/* Keep an example of flags with future keyword support. */
#define PARSER_FLAGS(flags) \
	((flags) ? ((((flags)->cf_flags & PyCF_DONT_IMPLY_DEDENT) ? \
		      PyPARSE_DONT_IMPLY_DEDENT : 0) \
		    | ((flags)->cf_flags & CO_FUTURE_WITH_STATEMENT ? \
		       PyPARSE_WITH_IS_KEYWORD : 0)) : 0)
#endif

int
PyRun_InteractiveOneFlags(FILE *fp, const char *filename, PyCompilerFlags *flags)
{
	PyObject *m, *d, *v, *w;
	mod_ty mod;
	PyArena *arena;
	char *ps1 = "", *ps2 = "";
	int errcode = 0;

	v = PySys_GetObject("ps1");
	if (v != NULL) {
		v = PyObject_Str(v);
		if (v == NULL)
			PyErr_Clear();
		else if (PyString_Check(v))
			ps1 = PyString_AsString(v);
	}
	w = PySys_GetObject("ps2");
	if (w != NULL) {
		w = PyObject_Str(w);
		if (w == NULL)
			PyErr_Clear();
		else if (PyString_Check(w))
			ps2 = PyString_AsString(w);
	}
	arena = PyArena_New();
	if (arena == NULL) {
		Py_XDECREF(v);
		Py_XDECREF(w);
		return -1;
	}
	mod = PyParser_ASTFromFile(fp, filename,
				   Py_single_input, ps1, ps2,
				   flags, &errcode, arena);
	Py_XDECREF(v);
	Py_XDECREF(w);
	if (mod == NULL) {
		PyArena_Free(arena);
		if (errcode == E_EOF) {
			PyErr_Clear();
			return E_EOF;
		}
		PyErr_Print();
		return -1;
	}
	m = PyImport_AddModule("__main__");
	if (m == NULL) {
		PyArena_Free(arena);
		return -1;
	}
	d = PyModule_GetDict(m);
	v = run_mod(mod, filename, d, d, flags, arena);
	PyArena_Free(arena);
	if (v == NULL) {
		PyErr_Print();
		return -1;
	}
	Py_DECREF(v);
	if (Py_FlushLine())
		PyErr_Clear();
	return 0;
}

/* Check whether a file maybe a pyc file: Look at the extension,
   the file type, and, if we may close it, at the first few bytes. */

static int
maybe_pyc_file(FILE *fp, const char* filename, const char* ext, int closeit)
{
	if (strcmp(ext, ".pyc") == 0 || strcmp(ext, ".pyo") == 0)
		return 1;

	/* Only look into the file if we are allowed to close it, since
	   it then should also be seekable. */
	if (closeit) {
		/* Read only two bytes of the magic. If the file was opened in
		   text mode, the bytes 3 and 4 of the magic (\r\n) might not
		   be read as they are on disk. */
		unsigned int halfmagic = PyImport_GetMagicNumber() & 0xFFFF;
		unsigned char buf[2];
		/* Mess:  In case of -x, the stream is NOT at its start now,
		   and ungetc() was used to push back the first newline,
		   which makes the current stream position formally undefined,
		   and a x-platform nightmare.
		   Unfortunately, we have no direct way to know whether -x
		   was specified.  So we use a terrible hack:  if the current
		   stream position is not 0, we assume -x was specified, and
		   give up.  Bug 132850 on SourceForge spells out the
		   hopelessness of trying anything else (fseek and ftell
		   don't work predictably x-platform for text-mode files).
		*/
		int ispyc = 0;
		if (ftell(fp) == 0) {
			if (fread(buf, 1, 2, fp) == 2 &&
			    ((unsigned int)buf[1]<<8 | buf[0]) == halfmagic)
				ispyc = 1;
			rewind(fp);
		}
		return ispyc;
	}
	return 0;
}

int
PyRun_SimpleFileExFlags(FILE *fp, const char *filename, int closeit,
			PyCompilerFlags *flags)
{
	PyObject *m, *d, *v;
	const char *ext;

	m = PyImport_AddModule("__main__");
	if (m == NULL)
		return -1;
	d = PyModule_GetDict(m);
	if (PyDict_GetItemString(d, "__file__") == NULL) {
		PyObject *f = PyString_FromString(filename);
		if (f == NULL)
			return -1;
		if (PyDict_SetItemString(d, "__file__", f) < 0) {
			Py_DECREF(f);
			return -1;
		}
		Py_DECREF(f);
	}
	ext = filename + strlen(filename) - 4;
	if (maybe_pyc_file(fp, filename, ext, closeit)) {
		/* Try to run a pyc file. First, re-open in binary */
		if (closeit)
			fclose(fp);
		if ((fp = fopen(filename, "rb")) == NULL) {
			fprintf(stderr, "python: Can't reopen .pyc file\n");
			return -1;
		}
		/* Turn on optimization if a .pyo file is given */
		if (strcmp(ext, ".pyo") == 0)
			Py_OptimizeFlag = 1;
		v = run_pyc_file(fp, filename, d, d, flags);
	} else {
		v = PyRun_FileExFlags(fp, filename, Py_file_input, d, d,
				      closeit, flags);
	}
	if (v == NULL) {
		PyErr_Print();
		return -1;
	}
	Py_DECREF(v);
	if (Py_FlushLine())
		PyErr_Clear();
	return 0;
}

int
PyRun_SimpleStringFlags(const char *command, PyCompilerFlags *flags)
{
	PyObject *m, *d, *v;
	m = PyImport_AddModule("__main__");
	if (m == NULL)
		return -1;
	d = PyModule_GetDict(m);
	v = PyRun_StringFlags(command, Py_file_input, d, d, flags);
	if (v == NULL) {
		PyErr_Print();
		return -1;
	}
	Py_DECREF(v);
	if (Py_FlushLine())
		PyErr_Clear();
	return 0;
}

static int
parse_syntax_error(PyObject *err, PyObject **message, const char **filename,
		   int *lineno, int *offset, const char **text)
{
	long hold;
	PyObject *v;

	/* old style errors */
	if (PyTuple_Check(err))
		return PyArg_ParseTuple(err, "O(ziiz)", message, filename,
					lineno, offset, text);

	/* new style errors.  `err' is an instance */

	if (! (v = PyObject_GetAttrString(err, "msg")))
		goto finally;
	*message = v;

	if (!(v = PyObject_GetAttrString(err, "filename")))
		goto finally;
	if (v == Py_None)
		*filename = NULL;
	else if (! (*filename = PyString_AsString(v)))
		goto finally;

	Py_DECREF(v);
	if (!(v = PyObject_GetAttrString(err, "lineno")))
		goto finally;
	hold = PyInt_AsLong(v);
	Py_DECREF(v);
	v = NULL;
	if (hold < 0 && PyErr_Occurred())
		goto finally;
	*lineno = (int)hold;

	if (!(v = PyObject_GetAttrString(err, "offset")))
		goto finally;
	if (v == Py_None) {
		*offset = -1;
		Py_DECREF(v);
		v = NULL;
	} else {
		hold = PyInt_AsLong(v);
		Py_DECREF(v);
		v = NULL;
		if (hold < 0 && PyErr_Occurred())
			goto finally;
		*offset = (int)hold;
	}

	if (!(v = PyObject_GetAttrString(err, "text")))
		goto finally;
	if (v == Py_None)
		*text = NULL;
	else if (! (*text = PyString_AsString(v)))
		goto finally;
	Py_DECREF(v);
	return 1;

finally:
	Py_XDECREF(v);
	return 0;
}

void
PyErr_Print(void)
{
	PyErr_PrintEx(1);
}

static void
print_error_text(PyObject *f, int offset, const char *text)
{
	char *nl;
	if (offset >= 0) {
		if (offset > 0 && offset == (int)strlen(text))
			offset--;
		for (;;) {
			nl = strchr(text, '\n');
			if (nl == NULL || nl-text >= offset)
				break;
			offset -= (int)(nl+1-text);
			text = nl+1;
		}
		while (*text == ' ' || *text == '\t') {
			text++;
			offset--;
		}
	}
	PyFile_WriteString("    ", f);
	PyFile_WriteString(text, f);
	if (*text == '\0' || text[strlen(text)-1] != '\n')
		PyFile_WriteString("\n", f);
	if (offset == -1)
		return;
	PyFile_WriteString("    ", f);
	offset--;
	while (offset > 0) {
		PyFile_WriteString(" ", f);
		offset--;
	}
	PyFile_WriteString("^\n", f);
}

static void
handle_system_exit(void)
{
	PyObject *exception, *value, *tb;
	int exitcode = 0;

	PyErr_Fetch(&exception, &value, &tb);
	if (Py_FlushLine())
		PyErr_Clear();
	fflush(stdout);
	if (value == NULL || value == Py_None)
		goto done;
	if (PyExceptionInstance_Check(value)) {
		/* The error code should be in the `code' attribute. */
		PyObject *code = PyObject_GetAttrString(value, "code");
		if (code) {
			Py_DECREF(value);
			value = code;
			if (value == Py_None)
				goto done;
		}
		/* If we failed to dig out the 'code' attribute,
		   just let the else clause below print the error. */
	}
	if (PyInt_Check(value))
		exitcode = (int)PyInt_AsLong(value);
	else {
		PyObject_Print(value, stderr, Py_PRINT_RAW);
		PySys_WriteStderr("\n");
		exitcode = 1;
	}
 done:
	/* Restore and clear the exception info, in order to properly decref
	 * the exception, value, and traceback.	 If we just exit instead,
	 * these leak, which confuses PYTHONDUMPREFS output, and may prevent
	 * some finalizers from running.
	 */
	PyErr_Restore(exception, value, tb);
	PyErr_Clear();
	Py_Exit(exitcode);
	/* NOTREACHED */
}

void
PyErr_PrintEx(int set_sys_last_vars)
{
	PyObject *exception, *v, *tb, *hook;

	if (PyErr_ExceptionMatches(PyExc_SystemExit)) {
		handle_system_exit();
	}
	PyErr_Fetch(&exception, &v, &tb);
	if (exception == NULL)
		return;
	PyErr_NormalizeException(&exception, &v, &tb);
	if (exception == NULL)
		return;
        /* Now we know v != NULL too */
	if (set_sys_last_vars) {
		PySys_SetObject("last_type", exception);
		PySys_SetObject("last_value", v);
		PySys_SetObject("last_traceback", tb);
	}
	hook = PySys_GetObject("excepthook");
	if (hook) {
		PyObject *args = PyTuple_Pack(3,
		    exception, v, tb ? tb : Py_None);
		PyObject *result = PyEval_CallObject(hook, args);
		if (result == NULL) {
			PyObject *exception2, *v2, *tb2;
			if (PyErr_ExceptionMatches(PyExc_SystemExit)) {
				handle_system_exit();
			}
			PyErr_Fetch(&exception2, &v2, &tb2);
			PyErr_NormalizeException(&exception2, &v2, &tb2);
			/* It should not be possible for exception2 or v2
			   to be NULL. However PyErr_Display() can't
			   tolerate NULLs, so just be safe. */
			if (exception2 == NULL) {
				exception2 = Py_None;
				Py_INCREF(exception2);
			}
			if (v2 == NULL) {
				v2 = Py_None;
				Py_INCREF(v2);
			}
			if (Py_FlushLine())
				PyErr_Clear();
			fflush(stdout);
			PySys_WriteStderr("Error in sys.excepthook:\n");
			PyErr_Display(exception2, v2, tb2);
			PySys_WriteStderr("\nOriginal exception was:\n");
			PyErr_Display(exception, v, tb);
			Py_DECREF(exception2);
			Py_DECREF(v2);
			Py_XDECREF(tb2);
		}
		Py_XDECREF(result);
		Py_XDECREF(args);
	} else {
		PySys_WriteStderr("sys.excepthook is missing\n");
		PyErr_Display(exception, v, tb);
	}
	Py_XDECREF(exception);
	Py_XDECREF(v);
	Py_XDECREF(tb);
}

void
PyErr_Display(PyObject *exception, PyObject *value, PyObject *tb)
{
	int err = 0;
	PyObject *f = PySys_GetObject("stderr");
	Py_INCREF(value);
	if (f == NULL)
		fprintf(stderr, "lost sys.stderr\n");
	else {
		if (Py_FlushLine())
			PyErr_Clear();
		fflush(stdout);
		if (tb && tb != Py_None)
			err = PyTraceBack_Print(tb, f);
		if (err == 0 &&
		    PyObject_HasAttrString(value, "print_file_and_line"))
		{
			PyObject *message;
			const char *filename, *text;
			int lineno, offset;
			if (!parse_syntax_error(value, &message, &filename,
						&lineno, &offset, &text))
				PyErr_Clear();
			else {
				char buf[10];
				PyFile_WriteString("  File \"", f);
				if (filename == NULL)
					PyFile_WriteString("<string>", f);
				else
					PyFile_WriteString(filename, f);
				PyFile_WriteString("\", line ", f);
				PyOS_snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%d", lineno);
				PyFile_WriteString(buf, f);
				PyFile_WriteString("\n", f);
				if (text != NULL)
					print_error_text(f, offset, text);
				Py_DECREF(value);
				value = message;
				/* Can't be bothered to check all those
				   PyFile_WriteString() calls */
				if (PyErr_Occurred())
					err = -1;
			}
		}
		if (err) {
			/* Don't do anything else */
		}
		else if (PyExceptionClass_Check(exception)) {
			PyObject* moduleName;
			char* className = PyExceptionClass_Name(exception);
			if (className != NULL) {
				char *dot = strrchr(className, '.');
				if (dot != NULL)
					className = dot+1;
			}

			moduleName = PyObject_GetAttrString(exception, "__module__");
			if (moduleName == NULL)
				err = PyFile_WriteString("<unknown>", f);
			else {
				char* modstr = PyString_AsString(moduleName);
				if (modstr && strcmp(modstr, "exceptions"))
				{
					err = PyFile_WriteString(modstr, f);
					err += PyFile_WriteString(".", f);
				}
				Py_DECREF(moduleName);
			}
			if (err == 0) {
				if (className == NULL)
				      err = PyFile_WriteString("<unknown>", f);
				else
				      err = PyFile_WriteString(className, f);
			}
		}
		else
			err = PyFile_WriteObject(exception, f, Py_PRINT_RAW);
		if (err == 0 && (value != Py_None)) {
			PyObject *s = PyObject_Str(value);
			/* only print colon if the str() of the
			   object is not the empty string
			*/
			if (s == NULL)
				err = -1;
			else if (!PyString_Check(s) ||
				 PyString_GET_SIZE(s) != 0)
				err = PyFile_WriteString(": ", f);
			if (err == 0)
			  err = PyFile_WriteObject(s, f, Py_PRINT_RAW);
			Py_XDECREF(s);
		}
		if (err == 0)
			err = PyFile_WriteString("\n", f);
	}
	Py_DECREF(value);
	/* If an error happened here, don't show it.
	   XXX This is wrong, but too many callers rely on this behavior. */
	if (err != 0)
		PyErr_Clear();
}

PyObject *
PyRun_StringFlags(const char *str, int start, PyObject *globals,
		  PyObject *locals, PyCompilerFlags *flags)
{
	PyObject *ret = NULL;
	mod_ty mod;
	PyArena *arena = PyArena_New();
	if (arena == NULL)
		return NULL;
	
	mod = PyParser_ASTFromString(str, "<string>", start, flags, arena);
	if (mod != NULL)
		ret = run_mod(mod, "<string>", globals, locals, flags, arena);
	PyArena_Free(arena);
	return ret;
}

PyObject *
PyRun_FileExFlags(FILE *fp, const char *filename, int start, PyObject *globals,
		  PyObject *locals, int closeit, PyCompilerFlags *flags)
{
	PyObject *ret;
	mod_ty mod;
	PyArena *arena = PyArena_New();
	if (arena == NULL)
		return NULL;
	
	mod = PyParser_ASTFromFile(fp, filename, start, 0, 0,
				   flags, NULL, arena);
	if (mod == NULL) {
		PyArena_Free(arena);
		return NULL;
	}
	if (closeit)
		fclose(fp);
	ret = run_mod(mod, filename, globals, locals, flags, arena);
	PyArena_Free(arena);
	return ret;
}

static PyObject *
run_mod(mod_ty mod, const char *filename, PyObject *globals, PyObject *locals,
	 PyCompilerFlags *flags, PyArena *arena)
{
	PyCodeObject *co;
	PyObject *v;
	co = PyAST_Compile(mod, filename, flags, arena);
	if (co == NULL)
		return NULL;
	v = PyEval_EvalCode(co, globals, locals);
	Py_DECREF(co);
	return v;
}

static PyObject *
run_pyc_file(FILE *fp, const char *filename, PyObject *globals,
	     PyObject *locals, PyCompilerFlags *flags)
{
	PyCodeObject *co;
	PyObject *v;
	long magic;
	long PyImport_GetMagicNumber(void);

	magic = PyMarshal_ReadLongFromFile(fp);
	if (magic != PyImport_GetMagicNumber()) {
		PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError,
			   "Bad magic number in .pyc file");
		return NULL;
	}
	(void) PyMarshal_ReadLongFromFile(fp);
	v = PyMarshal_ReadLastObjectFromFile(fp);
	fclose(fp);
	if (v == NULL || !PyCode_Check(v)) {
		Py_XDECREF(v);
		PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError,
			   "Bad code object in .pyc file");
		return NULL;
	}
	co = (PyCodeObject *)v;
	v = PyEval_EvalCode(co, globals, locals);
	if (v && flags)
		flags->cf_flags |= (co->co_flags & PyCF_MASK);
	Py_DECREF(co);
	return v;
}

PyObject *
Py_CompileStringFlags(const char *str, const char *filename, int start,
		      PyCompilerFlags *flags)
{
	PyCodeObject *co;
	mod_ty mod;
	PyArena *arena = PyArena_New();
	if (arena == NULL)
		return NULL;

	mod = PyParser_ASTFromString(str, filename, start, flags, arena);
	if (mod == NULL) {
		PyArena_Free(arena);
		return NULL;
	}
	if (flags && (flags->cf_flags & PyCF_ONLY_AST)) {
		PyObject *result = PyAST_mod2obj(mod);
		PyArena_Free(arena);
		return result;
	}
	co = PyAST_Compile(mod, filename, flags, arena);
	PyArena_Free(arena);
	return (PyObject *)co;
}

struct symtable *
Py_SymtableString(const char *str, const char *filename, int start)
{
	struct symtable *st;
	mod_ty mod;
	PyArena *arena = PyArena_New();
	if (arena == NULL)
		return NULL;

	mod = PyParser_ASTFromString(str, filename, start, NULL, arena);
	if (mod == NULL) {
		PyArena_Free(arena);
		return NULL;
	}
	st = PySymtable_Build(mod, filename, 0);
	PyArena_Free(arena);
	return st;
}

/* Preferred access to parser is through AST. */
mod_ty
PyParser_ASTFromString(const char *s, const char *filename, int start,
		       PyCompilerFlags *flags, PyArena *arena)
{
	mod_ty mod;
	perrdetail err;
	node *n = PyParser_ParseStringFlagsFilename(s, filename,
					&_PyParser_Grammar, start, &err,
					PARSER_FLAGS(flags));
	if (n) {
		mod = PyAST_FromNode(n, flags, filename, arena);
		PyNode_Free(n);
		return mod;
	}
	else {
		err_input(&err);
		return NULL;
	}
}

mod_ty
PyParser_ASTFromFile(FILE *fp, const char *filename, int start, char *ps1,
		     char *ps2, PyCompilerFlags *flags, int *errcode,
		     PyArena *arena)
{
	mod_ty mod;
	perrdetail err;
	node *n = PyParser_ParseFileFlags(fp, filename, &_PyParser_Grammar,
				start, ps1, ps2, &err, PARSER_FLAGS(flags));
	if (n) {
		mod = PyAST_FromNode(n, flags, filename, arena);
		PyNode_Free(n);
		return mod;
	}
	else {
		err_input(&err);
		if (errcode)
			*errcode = err.error;
		return NULL;
	}
}

/* Simplified interface to parsefile -- return node or set exception */

node *
PyParser_SimpleParseFileFlags(FILE *fp, const char *filename, int start, int flags)
{
	perrdetail err;
	node *n = PyParser_ParseFileFlags(fp, filename, &_PyParser_Grammar,
					  start, NULL, NULL, &err, flags);
	if (n == NULL)
		err_input(&err);

	return n;
}

/* Simplified interface to parsestring -- return node or set exception */

node *
PyParser_SimpleParseStringFlags(const char *str, int start, int flags)
{
	perrdetail err;
	node *n = PyParser_ParseStringFlags(str, &_PyParser_Grammar,
					    start, &err, flags);
	if (n == NULL)
		err_input(&err);
	return n;
}

node *
PyParser_SimpleParseStringFlagsFilename(const char *str, const char *filename,
					int start, int flags)
{
	perrdetail err;
	node *n = PyParser_ParseStringFlagsFilename(str, filename,
				&_PyParser_Grammar, start, &err, flags);
	if (n == NULL)
		err_input(&err);
	return n;
}

node *
PyParser_SimpleParseStringFilename(const char *str, const char *filename, int start)
{
	return PyParser_SimpleParseStringFlagsFilename(str, filename, start, 0);
}

/* May want to move a more generalized form of this to parsetok.c or
   even parser modules. */

void
PyParser_SetError(perrdetail *err)
{
	err_input(err);
}

/* Set the error appropriate to the given input error code (see errcode.h) */

static void
err_input(perrdetail *err)
{
	PyObject *v, *w, *errtype;
	PyObject* u = NULL;
	char *msg = NULL;
	errtype = PyExc_SyntaxError;
	switch (err->error) {
	case E_SYNTAX:
		errtype = PyExc_IndentationError;
		if (err->expected == INDENT)
			msg = "expected an indented block";
		else if (err->token == INDENT)
			msg = "unexpected indent";
		else if (err->token == DEDENT)
			msg = "unexpected unindent";
		else {
			errtype = PyExc_SyntaxError;
			msg = "invalid syntax";
		}
		break;
	case E_TOKEN:
		msg = "invalid token";
		break;
	case E_EOFS:
		msg = "EOF while scanning triple-quoted string";
		break;
	case E_EOLS:
		msg = "EOL while scanning single-quoted string";
		break;
	case E_INTR:
		if (!PyErr_Occurred())
			PyErr_SetNone(PyExc_KeyboardInterrupt);
		return;
	case E_NOMEM:
		PyErr_NoMemory();
		return;
	case E_EOF:
		msg = "unexpected EOF while parsing";
		break;
	case E_TABSPACE:
		errtype = PyExc_TabError;
		msg = "inconsistent use of tabs and spaces in indentation";
		break;
	case E_OVERFLOW:
		msg = "expression too long";
		break;
	case E_DEDENT:
		errtype = PyExc_IndentationError;
		msg = "unindent does not match any outer indentation level";
		break;
	case E_TOODEEP:
		errtype = PyExc_IndentationError;
		msg = "too many levels of indentation";
		break;
	case E_DECODE: {
		PyObject *type, *value, *tb;
		PyErr_Fetch(&type, &value, &tb);
		if (value != NULL) {
			u = PyObject_Str(value);
			if (u != NULL) {
				msg = PyString_AsString(u);
			}
		}
		if (msg == NULL)
			msg = "unknown decode error";
		Py_XDECREF(type);
		Py_XDECREF(value);
		Py_XDECREF(tb);
		break;
	}
	case E_LINECONT:
		msg = "unexpected character after line continuation character";
		break;
	default:
		fprintf(stderr, "error=%d\n", err->error);
		msg = "unknown parsing error";
		break;
	}
	v = Py_BuildValue("(ziiz)", err->filename,
			  err->lineno, err->offset, err->text);
	if (err->text != NULL) {
		PyObject_FREE(err->text);
		err->text = NULL;
	}
	w = NULL;
	if (v != NULL)
		w = Py_BuildValue("(sO)", msg, v);
	Py_XDECREF(u);
	Py_XDECREF(v);
	PyErr_SetObject(errtype, w);
	Py_XDECREF(w);
}

/* Print fatal error message and abort */

void
Py_FatalError(const char *msg)
{
	fprintf(stderr, "Fatal Python error: %s\n", msg);
#ifdef MS_WINDOWS
	OutputDebugString("Fatal Python error: ");
	OutputDebugString(msg);
	OutputDebugString("\n");
#ifdef _DEBUG
	DebugBreak();
#endif
#endif /* MS_WINDOWS */
	abort();
}

/* Clean up and exit */

#ifdef WITH_THREAD
#include "pythread.h"
#endif

#define NEXITFUNCS 32
static void (*exitfuncs[NEXITFUNCS])(void);
static int nexitfuncs = 0;

int Py_AtExit(void (*func)(void))
{
	if (nexitfuncs >= NEXITFUNCS)
		return -1;
	exitfuncs[nexitfuncs++] = func;
	return 0;
}

static void
call_sys_exitfunc(void)
{
	PyObject *exitfunc = PySys_GetObject("exitfunc");

	if (exitfunc) {
		PyObject *res;
		Py_INCREF(exitfunc);
		PySys_SetObject("exitfunc", (PyObject *)NULL);
		res = PyEval_CallObject(exitfunc, (PyObject *)NULL);
		if (res == NULL) {
			if (!PyErr_ExceptionMatches(PyExc_SystemExit)) {
				PySys_WriteStderr("Error in sys.exitfunc:\n");
			}
			PyErr_Print();
		}
		Py_DECREF(exitfunc);
	}

	if (Py_FlushLine())
		PyErr_Clear();
}

static void
call_ll_exitfuncs(void)
{
	while (nexitfuncs > 0)
		(*exitfuncs[--nexitfuncs])();

	fflush(stdout);
	fflush(stderr);
}

void
Py_Exit(int sts)
{
	Py_Finalize();

	exit(sts);
}

static void
initsigs(void)
{
#ifdef SIGPIPE
	PyOS_setsig(SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN);
#endif
#ifdef SIGXFZ
	PyOS_setsig(SIGXFZ, SIG_IGN);
#endif
#ifdef SIGXFSZ
	PyOS_setsig(SIGXFSZ, SIG_IGN);
#endif
	PyOS_InitInterrupts(); /* May imply initsignal() */
}


/*
 * The file descriptor fd is considered ``interactive'' if either
 *   a) isatty(fd) is TRUE, or
 *   b) the -i flag was given, and the filename associated with
 *      the descriptor is NULL or "<stdin>" or "???".
 */
int
Py_FdIsInteractive(FILE *fp, const char *filename)
{
	if (isatty((int)fileno(fp)))
		return 1;
	if (!Py_InteractiveFlag)
		return 0;
	return (filename == NULL) ||
	       (strcmp(filename, "<stdin>") == 0) ||
	       (strcmp(filename, "???") == 0);
}


#if defined(USE_STACKCHECK)
#if defined(WIN32) && defined(_MSC_VER)

/* Stack checking for Microsoft C */

#include <malloc.h>
#include <excpt.h>

/*
 * Return non-zero when we run out of memory on the stack; zero otherwise.
 */
int
PyOS_CheckStack(void)
{
	__try {
		/* alloca throws a stack overflow exception if there's
		   not enough space left on the stack */
		alloca(PYOS_STACK_MARGIN * sizeof(void*));
		return 0;
	} __except (EXCEPTION_EXECUTE_HANDLER) {
		/* just ignore all errors */
	}
	return 1;
}

#endif /* WIN32 && _MSC_VER */

/* Alternate implementations can be added here... */

#endif /* USE_STACKCHECK */


/* Wrappers around sigaction() or signal(). */

PyOS_sighandler_t
PyOS_getsig(int sig)
{
#ifdef HAVE_SIGACTION
	struct sigaction context;
	if (sigaction(sig, NULL, &context) == -1)
		return SIG_ERR;
	return context.sa_handler;
#else
	PyOS_sighandler_t handler;
/* Special signal handling for the secure CRT in Visual Studio 2005 */
#if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER >= 1400
	switch (sig) {
	/* Only these signals are valid */
	case SIGINT:
	case SIGILL:
	case SIGFPE:
	case SIGSEGV:
	case SIGTERM:
	case SIGBREAK:
	case SIGABRT:
		break;
	/* Don't call signal() with other values or it will assert */
	default:
		return SIG_ERR;
	}
#endif /* _MSC_VER && _MSC_VER >= 1400 */
	handler = signal(sig, SIG_IGN);
	if (handler != SIG_ERR)
		signal(sig, handler);
	return handler;
#endif
}

PyOS_sighandler_t
PyOS_setsig(int sig, PyOS_sighandler_t handler)
{
#ifdef HAVE_SIGACTION
	struct sigaction context, ocontext;
	context.sa_handler = handler;
	sigemptyset(&context.sa_mask);
	context.sa_flags = 0;
	if (sigaction(sig, &context, &ocontext) == -1)
		return SIG_ERR;
	return ocontext.sa_handler;
#else
	PyOS_sighandler_t oldhandler;
	oldhandler = signal(sig, handler);
#ifdef HAVE_SIGINTERRUPT
	siginterrupt(sig, 1);
#endif
	return oldhandler;
#endif
}

/* Deprecated C API functions still provided for binary compatiblity */

#undef PyParser_SimpleParseFile
PyAPI_FUNC(node *)
PyParser_SimpleParseFile(FILE *fp, const char *filename, int start)
{
	return PyParser_SimpleParseFileFlags(fp, filename, start, 0);
}

#undef PyParser_SimpleParseString
PyAPI_FUNC(node *)
PyParser_SimpleParseString(const char *str, int start)
{
	return PyParser_SimpleParseStringFlags(str, start, 0);
}

#undef PyRun_AnyFile
PyAPI_FUNC(int)
PyRun_AnyFile(FILE *fp, const char *name)
{
	return PyRun_AnyFileExFlags(fp, name, 0, NULL);
}

#undef PyRun_AnyFileEx
PyAPI_FUNC(int)
PyRun_AnyFileEx(FILE *fp, const char *name, int closeit)
{
	return PyRun_AnyFileExFlags(fp, name, closeit, NULL);
}

#undef PyRun_AnyFileFlags
PyAPI_FUNC(int)
PyRun_AnyFileFlags(FILE *fp, const char *name, PyCompilerFlags *flags)
{
	return PyRun_AnyFileExFlags(fp, name, 0, flags);
}

#undef PyRun_File
PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *)
PyRun_File(FILE *fp, const char *p, int s, PyObject *g, PyObject *l)
{
        return PyRun_FileExFlags(fp, p, s, g, l, 0, NULL);
}

#undef PyRun_FileEx
PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *)
PyRun_FileEx(FILE *fp, const char *p, int s, PyObject *g, PyObject *l, int c)
{
        return PyRun_FileExFlags(fp, p, s, g, l, c, NULL);
}

#undef PyRun_FileFlags
PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *)
PyRun_FileFlags(FILE *fp, const char *p, int s, PyObject *g, PyObject *l,
		PyCompilerFlags *flags)
{
        return PyRun_FileExFlags(fp, p, s, g, l, 0, flags);
}

#undef PyRun_SimpleFile
PyAPI_FUNC(int)
PyRun_SimpleFile(FILE *f, const char *p)
{
	return PyRun_SimpleFileExFlags(f, p, 0, NULL);
}

#undef PyRun_SimpleFileEx
PyAPI_FUNC(int)
PyRun_SimpleFileEx(FILE *f, const char *p, int c)
{
	return PyRun_SimpleFileExFlags(f, p, c, NULL);
}


#undef PyRun_String
PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *)
PyRun_String(const char *str, int s, PyObject *g, PyObject *l)
{
	return PyRun_StringFlags(str, s, g, l, NULL);
}

#undef PyRun_SimpleString
PyAPI_FUNC(int)
PyRun_SimpleString(const char *s)
{
	return PyRun_SimpleStringFlags(s, NULL);
}

#undef Py_CompileString
PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *)
Py_CompileString(const char *str, const char *p, int s)
{
	return Py_CompileStringFlags(str, p, s, NULL);
}

#undef PyRun_InteractiveOne
PyAPI_FUNC(int)
PyRun_InteractiveOne(FILE *f, const char *p)
{
	return PyRun_InteractiveOneFlags(f, p, NULL);
}

#undef PyRun_InteractiveLoop
PyAPI_FUNC(int)
PyRun_InteractiveLoop(FILE *f, const char *p)
{
	return PyRun_InteractiveLoopFlags(f, p, NULL);
}

#ifdef __cplusplus
}
#endif