view Python/getargs.c @ 42817:5355337709e1

Implementation of PEP 3101, Advanced String Formatting. Known issues: The string.Formatter class, as discussed in the PEP, is incomplete. Error handling needs to conform to the PEP. Need to fix this warning that I introduced in Python/formatter_unicode.c: Objects/stringlib/unicodedefs.h:26: warning: `STRINGLIB_CMP' defined but not used Need to make sure sign formatting is correct, more tests needed. Need to remove '()' sign formatting, left over from an earlier version of the PEP.
author Eric Smith <eric@trueblade.com>
date Sat, 25 Aug 2007 02:26:07 +0000
parents 85c22b4d4455
children b9226cad9dfd
line wrap: on
line source


/* New getargs implementation */

#include "Python.h"

#include <ctype.h>


#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" { 
#endif
int PyArg_Parse(PyObject *, const char *, ...);
int PyArg_ParseTuple(PyObject *, const char *, ...);
int PyArg_VaParse(PyObject *, const char *, va_list);

int PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(PyObject *, PyObject *,
				const char *, char **, ...);
int PyArg_VaParseTupleAndKeywords(PyObject *, PyObject *,
				const char *, char **, va_list);

#ifdef HAVE_DECLSPEC_DLL
/* Export functions */
PyAPI_FUNC(int) _PyArg_Parse_SizeT(PyObject *, char *, ...);
PyAPI_FUNC(int) _PyArg_ParseTuple_SizeT(PyObject *, char *, ...);
PyAPI_FUNC(int) _PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords_SizeT(PyObject *, PyObject *,
                                                  const char *, char **, ...);
PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) _Py_BuildValue_SizeT(const char *, ...);
PyAPI_FUNC(int) _PyArg_VaParse_SizeT(PyObject *, char *, va_list);
PyAPI_FUNC(int) _PyArg_VaParseTupleAndKeywords_SizeT(PyObject *, PyObject *,
                                              const char *, char **, va_list);
#endif

#define FLAG_COMPAT 1
#define FLAG_SIZE_T 2


/* Forward */
static int vgetargs1(PyObject *, const char *, va_list *, int);
static void seterror(int, const char *, int *, const char *, const char *);
static char *convertitem(PyObject *, const char **, va_list *, int, int *, 
                         char *, size_t, PyObject **);
static char *converttuple(PyObject *, const char **, va_list *, int,
			  int *, char *, size_t, int, PyObject **);
static char *convertsimple(PyObject *, const char **, va_list *, int, char *,
			   size_t, PyObject **);
static Py_ssize_t convertbuffer(PyObject *, void **p, char **);

static int vgetargskeywords(PyObject *, PyObject *,
			    const char *, char **, va_list *, int);
static char *skipitem(const char **, va_list *, int);

int
PyArg_Parse(PyObject *args, const char *format, ...)
{
	int retval;
	va_list va;
	
	va_start(va, format);
	retval = vgetargs1(args, format, &va, FLAG_COMPAT);
	va_end(va);
	return retval;
}

int
_PyArg_Parse_SizeT(PyObject *args, char *format, ...)
{
	int retval;
	va_list va;
	
	va_start(va, format);
	retval = vgetargs1(args, format, &va, FLAG_COMPAT|FLAG_SIZE_T);
	va_end(va);
	return retval;
}


int
PyArg_ParseTuple(PyObject *args, const char *format, ...)
{
	int retval;
	va_list va;
	
	va_start(va, format);
	retval = vgetargs1(args, format, &va, 0);
	va_end(va);
	return retval;
}

int
_PyArg_ParseTuple_SizeT(PyObject *args, char *format, ...)
{
	int retval;
	va_list va;
	
	va_start(va, format);
	retval = vgetargs1(args, format, &va, FLAG_SIZE_T);
	va_end(va);
	return retval;
}


int
PyArg_VaParse(PyObject *args, const char *format, va_list va)
{
	va_list lva;

#ifdef VA_LIST_IS_ARRAY
	memcpy(lva, va, sizeof(va_list));
#else
#ifdef __va_copy
	__va_copy(lva, va);
#else
	lva = va;
#endif
#endif

	return vgetargs1(args, format, &lva, 0);
}

int
_PyArg_VaParse_SizeT(PyObject *args, char *format, va_list va)
{
	va_list lva;

#ifdef VA_LIST_IS_ARRAY
	memcpy(lva, va, sizeof(va_list));
#else
#ifdef __va_copy
	__va_copy(lva, va);
#else
	lva = va;
#endif
#endif

	return vgetargs1(args, format, &lva, FLAG_SIZE_T);
}


/* Handle cleanup of allocated memory in case of exception */

static int
addcleanup(void *ptr, PyObject **freelist)
{
	PyObject *cobj;
	if (!*freelist) {
		*freelist = PyList_New(0);
		if (!*freelist) {
			PyMem_FREE(ptr);
			return -1;
		}
	}
	cobj = PyCObject_FromVoidPtr(ptr, NULL);
	if (!cobj) {
		PyMem_FREE(ptr);
		return -1;
	}
	if(PyList_Append(*freelist, cobj)) {
                PyMem_FREE(ptr);
		Py_DECREF(cobj);
		return -1;
	}
        Py_DECREF(cobj);
	return 0;
}

static int
cleanreturn(int retval, PyObject *freelist)
{
	if(freelist) {
		if((retval) == 0) {
			Py_ssize_t len = PyList_GET_SIZE(freelist), i;
			for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
                                PyMem_FREE(PyCObject_AsVoidPtr(
                                		PyList_GET_ITEM(freelist, i)));
		}
		Py_DECREF(freelist);
	}
	return retval;
}


static int
vgetargs1(PyObject *args, const char *format, va_list *p_va, int flags)
{
	char msgbuf[256];
	int levels[32];
	const char *fname = NULL;
	const char *message = NULL;
	int min = -1;
	int max = 0;
	int level = 0;
	int endfmt = 0;
	const char *formatsave = format;
	Py_ssize_t i, len;
	char *msg;
	PyObject *freelist = NULL;
	int compat = flags & FLAG_COMPAT;

	assert(compat || (args != (PyObject*)NULL));
	flags = flags & ~FLAG_COMPAT;

	while (endfmt == 0) {
		int c = *format++;
		switch (c) {
		case '(':
			if (level == 0)
				max++;
			level++;
			if (level >= 30)
				Py_FatalError("too many tuple nesting levels "
					      "in argument format string");
			break;
		case ')':
			if (level == 0)
				Py_FatalError("excess ')' in getargs format");
			else
				level--;
			break;
		case '\0':
			endfmt = 1;
			break;
		case ':':
			fname = format;
			endfmt = 1;
			break;
		case ';':
			message = format;
			endfmt = 1;
			break;
		default:
			if (level == 0) {
				if (c == 'O')
					max++;
				else if (isalpha(Py_CHARMASK(c))) {
					if (c != 'e') /* skip encoded */
						max++;
				} else if (c == '|')
					min = max;
			}
			break;
		}
	}
	
	if (level != 0)
		Py_FatalError(/* '(' */ "missing ')' in getargs format");
	
	if (min < 0)
		min = max;
	
	format = formatsave;
	
	if (compat) {
		if (max == 0) {
			if (args == NULL)
				return 1;
			PyOS_snprintf(msgbuf, sizeof(msgbuf),
				      "%.200s%s takes no arguments",
				      fname==NULL ? "function" : fname,
				      fname==NULL ? "" : "()");
			PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, msgbuf);
			return 0;
		}
		else if (min == 1 && max == 1) {
			if (args == NULL) {
				PyOS_snprintf(msgbuf, sizeof(msgbuf),
				      "%.200s%s takes at least one argument",
					      fname==NULL ? "function" : fname,
					      fname==NULL ? "" : "()");
				PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, msgbuf);
				return 0;
			}
			msg = convertitem(args, &format, p_va, flags, levels, 
					  msgbuf, sizeof(msgbuf), &freelist);
			if (msg == NULL)
				return cleanreturn(1, freelist);
			seterror(levels[0], msg, levels+1, fname, message);
			return cleanreturn(0, freelist);
		}
		else {
			PyErr_SetString(PyExc_SystemError,
			    "old style getargs format uses new features");
			return 0;
		}
	}
	
	if (!PyTuple_Check(args)) {
		PyErr_SetString(PyExc_SystemError,
		    "new style getargs format but argument is not a tuple");
		return 0;
	}
	
	len = PyTuple_GET_SIZE(args);
	
	if (len < min || max < len) {
		if (message == NULL) {
			PyOS_snprintf(msgbuf, sizeof(msgbuf),
				      "%.150s%s takes %s %d argument%s "
				      "(%ld given)",
				      fname==NULL ? "function" : fname,
				      fname==NULL ? "" : "()",
				      min==max ? "exactly"
				      : len < min ? "at least" : "at most",
				      len < min ? min : max,
				      (len < min ? min : max) == 1 ? "" : "s",
				      Py_SAFE_DOWNCAST(len, Py_ssize_t, long));
			message = msgbuf;
		}
		PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, message);
		return 0;
	}
	
	for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
		if (*format == '|')
			format++;
		msg = convertitem(PyTuple_GET_ITEM(args, i), &format, p_va,
				  flags, levels, msgbuf, 
				  sizeof(msgbuf), &freelist);
		if (msg) {
			seterror(i+1, msg, levels, fname, message);
			return cleanreturn(0, freelist);
		}
	}

	if (*format != '\0' && !isalpha(Py_CHARMASK(*format)) &&
	    *format != '(' &&
	    *format != '|' && *format != ':' && *format != ';') {
		PyErr_Format(PyExc_SystemError,
			     "bad format string: %.200s", formatsave);
		return cleanreturn(0, freelist);
	}
	
	return cleanreturn(1, freelist);
}



static void
seterror(int iarg, const char *msg, int *levels, const char *fname,
         const char *message)
{
	char buf[512];
	int i;
	char *p = buf;

	if (PyErr_Occurred())
		return;
	else if (message == NULL) {
		if (fname != NULL) {
			PyOS_snprintf(p, sizeof(buf), "%.200s() ", fname);
			p += strlen(p);
		}
		if (iarg != 0) {
			PyOS_snprintf(p, sizeof(buf) - (p - buf),
				      "argument %d", iarg);
			i = 0;
			p += strlen(p);
			while (levels[i] > 0 && i < 32 && (int)(p-buf) < 220) {
				PyOS_snprintf(p, sizeof(buf) - (p - buf),
					      ", item %d", levels[i]-1);
				p += strlen(p);
				i++;
			}
		}
		else {
			PyOS_snprintf(p, sizeof(buf) - (p - buf), "argument");
			p += strlen(p);
		}
		PyOS_snprintf(p, sizeof(buf) - (p - buf), " %.256s", msg);
		message = buf;
	}
	PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, message);
}


/* Convert a tuple argument.
   On entry, *p_format points to the character _after_ the opening '('.
   On successful exit, *p_format points to the closing ')'.
   If successful:
      *p_format and *p_va are updated,
      *levels and *msgbuf are untouched,
      and NULL is returned.
   If the argument is invalid:
      *p_format is unchanged,
      *p_va is undefined,
      *levels is a 0-terminated list of item numbers,
      *msgbuf contains an error message, whose format is:
         "must be <typename1>, not <typename2>", where:
            <typename1> is the name of the expected type, and
            <typename2> is the name of the actual type,
      and msgbuf is returned.
*/

static char *
converttuple(PyObject *arg, const char **p_format, va_list *p_va, int flags,
             int *levels, char *msgbuf, size_t bufsize, int toplevel, 
             PyObject **freelist)
{
	int level = 0;
	int n = 0;
	const char *format = *p_format;
	int i;
	
	for (;;) {
		int c = *format++;
		if (c == '(') {
			if (level == 0)
				n++;
			level++;
		}
		else if (c == ')') {
			if (level == 0)
				break;
			level--;
		}
		else if (c == ':' || c == ';' || c == '\0')
			break;
		else if (level == 0 && isalpha(Py_CHARMASK(c)))
			n++;
	}
	
	if (!PySequence_Check(arg) || PyString_Check(arg)) {
		levels[0] = 0;
		PyOS_snprintf(msgbuf, bufsize,
			      toplevel ? "expected %d arguments, not %.50s" :
			              "must be %d-item sequence, not %.50s",
			      n, 
			      arg == Py_None ? "None" : arg->ob_type->tp_name);
		return msgbuf;
	}
	
	if ((i = PySequence_Size(arg)) != n) {
		levels[0] = 0;
		PyOS_snprintf(msgbuf, bufsize,
			      toplevel ? "expected %d arguments, not %d" :
			             "must be sequence of length %d, not %d",
			      n, i);
		return msgbuf;
	}

	format = *p_format;
	for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
		char *msg;
		PyObject *item;
		item = PySequence_GetItem(arg, i);
		if (item == NULL) {
			PyErr_Clear();
			levels[0] = i+1;
			levels[1] = 0;
			strncpy(msgbuf, "is not retrievable", bufsize);
			return msgbuf;
		}
		msg = convertitem(item, &format, p_va, flags, levels+1, 
				  msgbuf, bufsize, freelist);
		/* PySequence_GetItem calls tp->sq_item, which INCREFs */
		Py_XDECREF(item);
		if (msg != NULL) {
			levels[0] = i+1;
			return msg;
		}
	}

	*p_format = format;
	return NULL;
}


/* Convert a single item. */

static char *
convertitem(PyObject *arg, const char **p_format, va_list *p_va, int flags,
            int *levels, char *msgbuf, size_t bufsize, PyObject **freelist)
{
	char *msg;
	const char *format = *p_format;
	
	if (*format == '(' /* ')' */) {
		format++;
		msg = converttuple(arg, &format, p_va, flags, levels, msgbuf, 
				   bufsize, 0, freelist);
		if (msg == NULL)
			format++;
	}
	else {
		msg = convertsimple(arg, &format, p_va, flags, 
				    msgbuf, bufsize, freelist);
		if (msg != NULL)
			levels[0] = 0;
	}
	if (msg == NULL)
		*p_format = format;
	return msg;
}



#define UNICODE_DEFAULT_ENCODING(arg) \
        _PyUnicode_AsDefaultEncodedString(arg, NULL)

/* Format an error message generated by convertsimple(). */

static char *
converterr(const char *expected, PyObject *arg, char *msgbuf, size_t bufsize)
{
	assert(expected != NULL);
	assert(arg != NULL); 
	PyOS_snprintf(msgbuf, bufsize,
		      "must be %.50s, not %.50s", expected,
		      arg == Py_None ? "None" : arg->ob_type->tp_name);
	return msgbuf;
}

#define CONV_UNICODE "(unicode conversion error)"

/* Explicitly check for float arguments when integers are expected.
   Return 1 for error, 0 if ok. */
static int
float_argument_error(PyObject *arg)
{
	if (PyFloat_Check(arg)) {
		PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError,
				"integer argument expected, got float" );
		return 1;
	}
	else
		return 0;
}

/* Convert a non-tuple argument.  Return NULL if conversion went OK,
   or a string with a message describing the failure.  The message is
   formatted as "must be <desired type>, not <actual type>".
   When failing, an exception may or may not have been raised.
   Don't call if a tuple is expected.

   When you add new format codes, please don't forget poor skipitem() below.
*/

static char *
convertsimple(PyObject *arg, const char **p_format, va_list *p_va, int flags,
              char *msgbuf, size_t bufsize, PyObject **freelist)
{
	/* For # codes */
#define FETCH_SIZE	int *q=NULL;Py_ssize_t *q2=NULL;\
	if (flags & FLAG_SIZE_T) q2=va_arg(*p_va, Py_ssize_t*); \
	else q=va_arg(*p_va, int*);
#define STORE_SIZE(s)   if (flags & FLAG_SIZE_T) *q2=s; else *q=s;
#define BUFFER_LEN      ((flags & FLAG_SIZE_T) ? *q2:*q)

	const char *format = *p_format;
	char c = *format++;
	PyObject *uarg;
	
	switch (c) {
	
	case 'b': { /* unsigned byte -- very short int */
		char *p = va_arg(*p_va, char *);
		long ival;
		if (float_argument_error(arg))
			return converterr("integer<b>", arg, msgbuf, bufsize);
		ival = PyInt_AsLong(arg);
		if (ival == -1 && PyErr_Occurred())
			return converterr("integer<b>", arg, msgbuf, bufsize);
		else if (ival < 0) {
			PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError,
			"unsigned byte integer is less than minimum");
			return converterr("integer<b>", arg, msgbuf, bufsize);
		}
		else if (ival > UCHAR_MAX) {
			PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError,
			"unsigned byte integer is greater than maximum");
			return converterr("integer<b>", arg, msgbuf, bufsize);
		}
		else
			*p = (unsigned char) ival;
		break;
	}
	
	case 'B': {/* byte sized bitfield - both signed and unsigned
		      values allowed */  
		char *p = va_arg(*p_va, char *);
		long ival;
		if (float_argument_error(arg))
			return converterr("integer<B>", arg, msgbuf, bufsize);
		ival = PyInt_AsUnsignedLongMask(arg);
		if (ival == -1 && PyErr_Occurred())
			return converterr("integer<B>", arg, msgbuf, bufsize);
		else
			*p = (unsigned char) ival;
		break;
	}
	
	case 'h': {/* signed short int */
		short *p = va_arg(*p_va, short *);
		long ival;
		if (float_argument_error(arg))
			return converterr("integer<h>", arg, msgbuf, bufsize);
		ival = PyInt_AsLong(arg);
		if (ival == -1 && PyErr_Occurred())
			return converterr("integer<h>", arg, msgbuf, bufsize);
		else if (ival < SHRT_MIN) {
			PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError,
			"signed short integer is less than minimum");
			return converterr("integer<h>", arg, msgbuf, bufsize);
		}
		else if (ival > SHRT_MAX) {
			PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError,
			"signed short integer is greater than maximum");
			return converterr("integer<h>", arg, msgbuf, bufsize);
		}
		else
			*p = (short) ival;
		break;
	}
	
	case 'H': { /* short int sized bitfield, both signed and
		       unsigned allowed */ 
		unsigned short *p = va_arg(*p_va, unsigned short *);
		long ival;
		if (float_argument_error(arg))
			return converterr("integer<H>", arg, msgbuf, bufsize);
		ival = PyInt_AsUnsignedLongMask(arg);
		if (ival == -1 && PyErr_Occurred())
			return converterr("integer<H>", arg, msgbuf, bufsize);
		else
			*p = (unsigned short) ival;
		break;
	}

	case 'i': {/* signed int */
		int *p = va_arg(*p_va, int *);
		long ival;
		if (float_argument_error(arg))
			return converterr("integer<i>", arg, msgbuf, bufsize);
		ival = PyInt_AsLong(arg);
		if (ival == -1 && PyErr_Occurred())
			return converterr("integer<i>", arg, msgbuf, bufsize);
		else if (ival > INT_MAX) {
			PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError,
				"signed integer is greater than maximum");
			return converterr("integer<i>", arg, msgbuf, bufsize);
		}
		else if (ival < INT_MIN) {
			PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError,
				"signed integer is less than minimum");
			return converterr("integer<i>", arg, msgbuf, bufsize);
		}
		else
			*p = ival;
		break;
	}

	case 'I': { /* int sized bitfield, both signed and
		       unsigned allowed */ 
		unsigned int *p = va_arg(*p_va, unsigned int *);
		unsigned int ival;
		if (float_argument_error(arg))
			return converterr("integer<I>", arg, msgbuf, bufsize);
		ival = (unsigned int)PyInt_AsUnsignedLongMask(arg);
		if (ival == (unsigned int)-1 && PyErr_Occurred())
			return converterr("integer<I>", arg, msgbuf, bufsize);
		else
			*p = ival;
		break;
	}
	
	case 'n': /* Py_ssize_t */
#if SIZEOF_SIZE_T != SIZEOF_LONG
	{
		Py_ssize_t *p = va_arg(*p_va, Py_ssize_t *);
		Py_ssize_t ival;
		if (float_argument_error(arg))
			return converterr("integer<n>", arg, msgbuf, bufsize);
		ival = PyInt_AsSsize_t(arg);
		if (ival == -1 && PyErr_Occurred())
			return converterr("integer<n>", arg, msgbuf, bufsize);
		*p = ival;
		break;
	}
#endif
	/* Fall through from 'n' to 'l' if Py_ssize_t is int */
	case 'l': {/* long int */
		long *p = va_arg(*p_va, long *);
		long ival;
		if (float_argument_error(arg))
			return converterr("integer<l>", arg, msgbuf, bufsize);
		ival = PyInt_AsLong(arg);
		if (ival == -1 && PyErr_Occurred())
			return converterr("integer<l>", arg, msgbuf, bufsize);
		else
			*p = ival;
		break;
	}

	case 'k': { /* long sized bitfield */
		unsigned long *p = va_arg(*p_va, unsigned long *);
		unsigned long ival;
		if (PyInt_Check(arg))
			ival = PyInt_AsUnsignedLongMask(arg);
		else if (PyLong_Check(arg))
			ival = PyLong_AsUnsignedLongMask(arg);
		else
			return converterr("integer<k>", arg, msgbuf, bufsize);
		*p = ival;
		break;
	}
	
#ifdef HAVE_LONG_LONG
	case 'L': {/* PY_LONG_LONG */
		PY_LONG_LONG *p = va_arg( *p_va, PY_LONG_LONG * );
		PY_LONG_LONG ival = PyLong_AsLongLong( arg );
		if( ival == (PY_LONG_LONG)-1 && PyErr_Occurred() ) {
			return converterr("long<L>", arg, msgbuf, bufsize);
		} else {
			*p = ival;
		}
		break;
	}

	case 'K': { /* long long sized bitfield */
		unsigned PY_LONG_LONG *p = va_arg(*p_va, unsigned PY_LONG_LONG *);
		unsigned PY_LONG_LONG ival;
		if (PyLong_Check(arg))
			ival = PyLong_AsUnsignedLongLongMask(arg);
		else
			return converterr("integer<K>", arg, msgbuf, bufsize);
		*p = ival;
		break;
	}
#endif
	
	case 'f': {/* float */
		float *p = va_arg(*p_va, float *);
		double dval = PyFloat_AsDouble(arg);
		if (PyErr_Occurred())
			return converterr("float<f>", arg, msgbuf, bufsize);
		else
			*p = (float) dval;
		break;
	}
	
	case 'd': {/* double */
		double *p = va_arg(*p_va, double *);
		double dval = PyFloat_AsDouble(arg);
		if (PyErr_Occurred())
			return converterr("float<d>", arg, msgbuf, bufsize);
		else
			*p = dval;
		break;
	}
	
#ifndef WITHOUT_COMPLEX
	case 'D': {/* complex double */
		Py_complex *p = va_arg(*p_va, Py_complex *);
		Py_complex cval;
		cval = PyComplex_AsCComplex(arg);
		if (PyErr_Occurred())
			return converterr("complex<D>", arg, msgbuf, bufsize);
		else
			*p = cval;
		break;
	}
#endif /* WITHOUT_COMPLEX */
	
	case 'c': {/* char */
		char *p = va_arg(*p_va, char *);
		if (PyString_Check(arg) && PyString_Size(arg) == 1)
			*p = PyString_AS_STRING(arg)[0];
		else if (PyUnicode_Check(arg) &&
			 PyUnicode_GET_SIZE(arg) == 1 &&
			 PyUnicode_AS_UNICODE(arg)[0] < 256)
			*p = PyUnicode_AS_UNICODE(arg)[0];
		else
			return converterr("char < 256", arg, msgbuf, bufsize);
		break;
	}
	
	case 'C': {/* unicode char */
		int *p = va_arg(*p_va, int *);
		if (PyString_Check(arg) && PyString_Size(arg) == 1)
			*p = PyString_AS_STRING(arg)[0];
		else if (PyUnicode_Check(arg) &&
			 PyUnicode_GET_SIZE(arg) == 1)
			*p = PyUnicode_AS_UNICODE(arg)[0];
		else
			return converterr("char", arg, msgbuf, bufsize);
		break;
	}
	
	case 's': {/* string */
		if (*format == '#') {
			void **p = (void **)va_arg(*p_va, char **);
			FETCH_SIZE;
			
			if (PyString_Check(arg)) {
				*p = PyString_AS_STRING(arg);
				STORE_SIZE(PyString_GET_SIZE(arg));
			}
			else if (PyUnicode_Check(arg)) {
				uarg = UNICODE_DEFAULT_ENCODING(arg);
				if (uarg == NULL)
					return converterr(CONV_UNICODE,
							  arg, msgbuf, bufsize);
				*p = PyString_AS_STRING(uarg);
				STORE_SIZE(PyString_GET_SIZE(uarg));
			}
			else { /* any buffer-like object */
				char *buf;
				Py_ssize_t count = convertbuffer(arg, p, &buf);
				if (count < 0)
					return converterr(buf, arg, msgbuf, bufsize);
				STORE_SIZE(count);
			}
			format++;
		} else {
			char **p = va_arg(*p_va, char **);
			
			if (PyString_Check(arg))
				*p = PyString_AS_STRING(arg);
			else if (PyUnicode_Check(arg)) {
				uarg = UNICODE_DEFAULT_ENCODING(arg);
				if (uarg == NULL)
					return converterr(CONV_UNICODE,
							  arg, msgbuf, bufsize);
				*p = PyString_AS_STRING(uarg);
			}
			else
				return converterr("string", arg, msgbuf, bufsize);
			if ((Py_ssize_t)strlen(*p) != PyString_Size(arg))
				return converterr("string without null bytes",
						  arg, msgbuf, bufsize);
		}
		break;
	}

	case 'y': {/* bytes */
		if (*format == '#') {
			void **p = (void **)va_arg(*p_va, char **);
			FETCH_SIZE;
			
			if (PyBytes_Check(arg)) {
				*p = PyBytes_AS_STRING(arg);
				STORE_SIZE(PyBytes_GET_SIZE(arg));
			}
			else
				return converterr("bytes", arg, msgbuf, bufsize);
			format++;
		} else {
			char **p = va_arg(*p_va, char **);
			
			if (PyBytes_Check(arg))
				*p = PyBytes_AS_STRING(arg);
			else
				return converterr("bytes", arg, msgbuf, bufsize);
			if ((Py_ssize_t)strlen(*p) != PyBytes_Size(arg))
				return converterr("bytes without null bytes",
						  arg, msgbuf, bufsize);
		}
		break;
	}

	case 'z': {/* string, may be NULL (None) */
		if (*format == '#') { /* any buffer-like object */
			void **p = (void **)va_arg(*p_va, char **);
			FETCH_SIZE;
			
			if (arg == Py_None) {
				*p = 0;
				STORE_SIZE(0);
			}
			else if (PyString_Check(arg)) {
				*p = PyString_AS_STRING(arg);
				STORE_SIZE(PyString_GET_SIZE(arg));
			}
			else if (PyUnicode_Check(arg)) {
				uarg = UNICODE_DEFAULT_ENCODING(arg);
				if (uarg == NULL)
					return converterr(CONV_UNICODE,
							  arg, msgbuf, bufsize);
				*p = PyString_AS_STRING(uarg);
				STORE_SIZE(PyString_GET_SIZE(uarg));
			}
			else { /* any buffer-like object */
				char *buf;
				Py_ssize_t count = convertbuffer(arg, p, &buf);
				if (count < 0)
					return converterr(buf, arg, msgbuf, bufsize);
				STORE_SIZE(count);
			}
			format++;
		} else {
			char **p = va_arg(*p_va, char **);
			
			if (arg == Py_None)
				*p = 0;
			else if (PyString_Check(arg))
				*p = PyString_AS_STRING(arg);
			else if (PyUnicode_Check(arg)) {
				uarg = UNICODE_DEFAULT_ENCODING(arg);
				if (uarg == NULL)
					return converterr(CONV_UNICODE,
							  arg, msgbuf, bufsize);
				*p = PyString_AS_STRING(uarg);
			}
			else
				return converterr("string or None", 
						  arg, msgbuf, bufsize);
			if (*format == '#') {
				FETCH_SIZE;
				assert(0); /* XXX redundant with if-case */
				if (arg == Py_None)
					*q = 0;
				else
					*q = PyString_Size(arg);
				format++;
			}
			else if (*p != NULL &&
				 (Py_ssize_t)strlen(*p) != PyString_Size(arg))
				return converterr(
					"string without null bytes or None", 
					arg, msgbuf, bufsize);
		}
		break;
	}
	
	case 'e': {/* encoded string */
		char **buffer;
		const char *encoding;
		PyObject *s;
		int recode_strings;
		Py_ssize_t size;
		const char *ptr;

		/* Get 'e' parameter: the encoding name */
		encoding = (const char *)va_arg(*p_va, const char *);
		if (encoding == NULL)
			encoding = PyUnicode_GetDefaultEncoding();
			
		/* Get output buffer parameter:
		   's' (recode all objects via Unicode) or
		   't' (only recode non-string objects) 
		*/
		if (*format == 's')
			recode_strings = 1;
		else if (*format == 't')
			recode_strings = 0;
		else
			return converterr(
				"(unknown parser marker combination)",
				arg, msgbuf, bufsize);
		buffer = (char **)va_arg(*p_va, char **);
		format++;
		if (buffer == NULL)
			return converterr("(buffer is NULL)", 
					  arg, msgbuf, bufsize);
			
		/* Encode object */
		if (!recode_strings &&
                    (PyString_Check(arg) || PyBytes_Check(arg))) {
			s = arg;
			Py_INCREF(s);
                        if (PyObject_AsCharBuffer(s, &ptr, &size) < 0)
				return converterr("(AsCharBuffer failed)",
						  arg, msgbuf, bufsize);
		}
		else {
		    	PyObject *u;

			/* Convert object to Unicode */
			u = PyUnicode_FromObject(arg);
			if (u == NULL)
				return converterr(
					"string or unicode or text buffer", 
					arg, msgbuf, bufsize);
			
			/* Encode object; use default error handling */
			s = PyUnicode_AsEncodedString(u,
						      encoding,
						      NULL);
			Py_DECREF(u);
			if (s == NULL)
				return converterr("(encoding failed)",
						  arg, msgbuf, bufsize);
			if (!PyBytes_Check(s)) {
				Py_DECREF(s);
				return converterr(
					"(encoder failed to return bytes)",
					arg, msgbuf, bufsize);
			}
			size = PyBytes_GET_SIZE(s);
			ptr = PyBytes_AS_STRING(s);
			if (ptr == NULL)
				ptr = "";
		}

		/* Write output; output is guaranteed to be 0-terminated */
		if (*format == '#') { 
			/* Using buffer length parameter '#':
				   
			   - if *buffer is NULL, a new buffer of the
			   needed size is allocated and the data
			   copied into it; *buffer is updated to point
			   to the new buffer; the caller is
			   responsible for PyMem_Free()ing it after
			   usage 

			   - if *buffer is not NULL, the data is
			   copied to *buffer; *buffer_len has to be
			   set to the size of the buffer on input;
			   buffer overflow is signalled with an error;
			   buffer has to provide enough room for the
			   encoded string plus the trailing 0-byte
			   
			   - in both cases, *buffer_len is updated to
			   the size of the buffer /excluding/ the
			   trailing 0-byte 
			   
			*/
			FETCH_SIZE;

			format++;
			if (q == NULL && q2 == NULL) {
				Py_DECREF(s);
				return converterr(
					"(buffer_len is NULL)",
					arg, msgbuf, bufsize);
			}
			if (*buffer == NULL) {
				*buffer = PyMem_NEW(char, size + 1);
				if (*buffer == NULL) {
					Py_DECREF(s);
					return converterr(
						"(memory error)",
						arg, msgbuf, bufsize);
				}
				if(addcleanup(*buffer, freelist)) {
					Py_DECREF(s);
					return converterr(
						"(cleanup problem)",
						arg, msgbuf, bufsize);
				}
			} else {
				if (size + 1 > BUFFER_LEN) {
					Py_DECREF(s);
					return converterr(
						"(buffer overflow)", 
						arg, msgbuf, bufsize);
				}
			}
			memcpy(*buffer, ptr, size+1);
			STORE_SIZE(size);
		} else {
			/* Using a 0-terminated buffer:
				   
			   - the encoded string has to be 0-terminated
			   for this variant to work; if it is not, an
			   error raised 

			   - a new buffer of the needed size is
			   allocated and the data copied into it;
			   *buffer is updated to point to the new
			   buffer; the caller is responsible for
			   PyMem_Free()ing it after usage

			*/
			if ((Py_ssize_t)strlen(ptr) != size) {
				Py_DECREF(s);
				return converterr(
					"(encoded string without NULL bytes)",
					arg, msgbuf, bufsize);
			}
			*buffer = PyMem_NEW(char, size + 1);
			if (*buffer == NULL) {
				Py_DECREF(s);
				return converterr("(memory error)",
						  arg, msgbuf, bufsize);
			}
			if(addcleanup(*buffer, freelist)) {
				Py_DECREF(s);
				return converterr("(cleanup problem)",
						arg, msgbuf, bufsize);
			}
			memcpy(*buffer, ptr, size+1);
		}
		Py_DECREF(s);
		break;
	}

	case 'u': {/* raw unicode buffer (Py_UNICODE *) */
		if (*format == '#') { /* any buffer-like object */
			void **p = (void **)va_arg(*p_va, char **);
			FETCH_SIZE;
			if (PyUnicode_Check(arg)) {
			    	*p = PyUnicode_AS_UNICODE(arg);
				STORE_SIZE(PyUnicode_GET_SIZE(arg));
			}
			else {
				return converterr("cannot convert raw buffers",
						  arg, msgbuf, bufsize);
			}
			format++;
		} else {
			Py_UNICODE **p = va_arg(*p_va, Py_UNICODE **);
			if (PyUnicode_Check(arg))
				*p = PyUnicode_AS_UNICODE(arg);
			else
				return converterr("unicode", arg, msgbuf, bufsize);
		}
		break;
	}

	case 'S': { /* string object */
		PyObject **p = va_arg(*p_va, PyObject **);
		if (PyString_Check(arg) || PyUnicode_Check(arg))
			*p = arg;
		else
			return converterr("string", arg, msgbuf, bufsize);
		break;
	}

	case 'Y': { /* bytes object */
		PyObject **p = va_arg(*p_va, PyObject **);
		if (PyBytes_Check(arg))
			*p = arg;
		else
			return converterr("bytes", arg, msgbuf, bufsize);
		break;
	}
	
	case 'U': { /* Unicode object */
		PyObject **p = va_arg(*p_va, PyObject **);
		if (PyUnicode_Check(arg))
			*p = arg;
		else
			return converterr("unicode", arg, msgbuf, bufsize);
		break;
	}
	
	case 'O': { /* object */
		PyTypeObject *type;
		PyObject **p;
		if (*format == '!') {
			type = va_arg(*p_va, PyTypeObject*);
			p = va_arg(*p_va, PyObject **);
			format++;
			if (PyType_IsSubtype(arg->ob_type, type))
				*p = arg;
			else
				return converterr(type->tp_name, arg, msgbuf, bufsize);

		}
		else if (*format == '?') {
			inquiry pred = va_arg(*p_va, inquiry);
			p = va_arg(*p_va, PyObject **);
			format++;
			if ((*pred)(arg)) 
				*p = arg;
			else
				return converterr("(unspecified)", 
						  arg, msgbuf, bufsize);
				
		}
		else if (*format == '&') {
			typedef int (*converter)(PyObject *, void *);
			converter convert = va_arg(*p_va, converter);
			void *addr = va_arg(*p_va, void *);
			format++;
			if (! (*convert)(arg, addr))
				return converterr("(unspecified)", 
						  arg, msgbuf, bufsize);
		}
		else {
			p = va_arg(*p_va, PyObject **);
			*p = arg;
		}
		break;
	}
		
		
	case 'w': { /* memory buffer, read-write access */
		void **p = va_arg(*p_va, void **);
		PyBufferProcs *pb = arg->ob_type->tp_as_buffer;
		int count;
                int temp=-1;
                PyBuffer view;
			
		if (pb == NULL || 
		    pb->bf_getbuffer == NULL ||
                    ((temp = (*pb->bf_getbuffer)(arg, &view, 
                                                 PyBUF_SIMPLE)) != 0) ||
                    view.readonly == 1) {
                        if (temp==0 && pb->bf_releasebuffer != NULL) {
                                (*pb->bf_releasebuffer)(arg, &view);
                        }
			return converterr("single-segment read-write buffer", 
					  arg, msgbuf, bufsize);
                }
                        
                if ((count = view.len) < 0)
			return converterr("(unspecified)", arg, msgbuf, bufsize);
                *p = view.buf;
		if (*format == '#') {
			FETCH_SIZE;
			STORE_SIZE(count);
			format++;
		}
                if (pb->bf_releasebuffer != NULL)
                        (*pb->bf_releasebuffer)(arg, &view);
		break;
	}
		
	case 't': { /* 8-bit character buffer, read-only access */
		char **p = va_arg(*p_va, char **);
		PyBufferProcs *pb = arg->ob_type->tp_as_buffer;
		int count;
                PyBuffer view;
		
		if (*format++ != '#')
			return converterr(
				"invalid use of 't' format character", 
				arg, msgbuf, bufsize);
		if (pb == NULL || pb->bf_getbuffer == NULL)
			return converterr(
				"string or read-only character buffer",
				arg, msgbuf, bufsize);

		if ((*pb->bf_getbuffer)(arg, &view, PyBUF_CHARACTER) != 0) 
			return converterr("string or single-segment read-only buffer",
                                          arg, msgbuf, bufsize);

                count = view.len;
                *p = view.buf;
                /* XXX : shouldn't really release buffer, but it should be O.K.
                */
                if (pb->bf_releasebuffer != NULL) 
                        (*pb->bf_releasebuffer)(arg, &view);
		if (count < 0)
			return converterr("(unspecified)", arg, msgbuf, bufsize);
		{
			FETCH_SIZE;
			STORE_SIZE(count);
		}
		break;
	}

	default:
		return converterr("impossible<bad format char>", arg, msgbuf, bufsize);
	
	}
	
	*p_format = format;
	return NULL;
}

static Py_ssize_t
convertbuffer(PyObject *arg, void **p, char **errmsg)
{
	PyBufferProcs *pb = arg->ob_type->tp_as_buffer;
	Py_ssize_t count;
        PyBuffer view;

        *errmsg = NULL;
        *p = NULL;
	if (pb == NULL ||
	    pb->bf_getbuffer == NULL) {
		*errmsg = "string or read-only buffer";
		return -1;
	}

	if ((*pb->bf_getbuffer)(arg, &view, PyBUF_SIMPLE) != 0) {
		*errmsg = "string or single-segment read-only buffer";
		return -1;
	}
        count = view.len;
        *p = view.buf;
        if (pb->bf_releasebuffer != NULL)
                (*pb->bf_releasebuffer)(arg, &view);
	return count;
}

/* Support for keyword arguments donated by
   Geoff Philbrick <philbric@delphi.hks.com> */

/* Return false (0) for error, else true. */
int
PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords(PyObject *args,
			    PyObject *keywords,
			    const char *format, 
			    char **kwlist, ...)
{
	int retval;
	va_list va;

	if ((args == NULL || !PyTuple_Check(args)) ||
	    (keywords != NULL && !PyDict_Check(keywords)) ||
	    format == NULL ||
	    kwlist == NULL)
	{
		PyErr_BadInternalCall();
		return 0;
	}

	va_start(va, kwlist);
	retval = vgetargskeywords(args, keywords, format, kwlist, &va, 0);	
	va_end(va);
	return retval;
}

int
_PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords_SizeT(PyObject *args,
				  PyObject *keywords,
				  const char *format, 
				  char **kwlist, ...)
{
	int retval;
	va_list va;

	if ((args == NULL || !PyTuple_Check(args)) ||
	    (keywords != NULL && !PyDict_Check(keywords)) ||
	    format == NULL ||
	    kwlist == NULL)
	{
		PyErr_BadInternalCall();
		return 0;
	}

	va_start(va, kwlist);
	retval = vgetargskeywords(args, keywords, format, 
				  kwlist, &va, FLAG_SIZE_T);
	va_end(va);
	return retval;
}


int
PyArg_VaParseTupleAndKeywords(PyObject *args,
                              PyObject *keywords,
                              const char *format, 
                              char **kwlist, va_list va)
{
	int retval;
	va_list lva;

	if ((args == NULL || !PyTuple_Check(args)) ||
	    (keywords != NULL && !PyDict_Check(keywords)) ||
	    format == NULL ||
	    kwlist == NULL)
	{
		PyErr_BadInternalCall();
		return 0;
	}

#ifdef VA_LIST_IS_ARRAY
	memcpy(lva, va, sizeof(va_list));
#else
#ifdef __va_copy
	__va_copy(lva, va);
#else
	lva = va;
#endif
#endif

	retval = vgetargskeywords(args, keywords, format, kwlist, &lva, 0);	
	return retval;
}

int
_PyArg_VaParseTupleAndKeywords_SizeT(PyObject *args,
				    PyObject *keywords,
				    const char *format, 
				    char **kwlist, va_list va)
{
	int retval;
	va_list lva;

	if ((args == NULL || !PyTuple_Check(args)) ||
	    (keywords != NULL && !PyDict_Check(keywords)) ||
	    format == NULL ||
	    kwlist == NULL)
	{
		PyErr_BadInternalCall();
		return 0;
	}

#ifdef VA_LIST_IS_ARRAY
	memcpy(lva, va, sizeof(va_list));
#else
#ifdef __va_copy
	__va_copy(lva, va);
#else
	lva = va;
#endif
#endif

	retval = vgetargskeywords(args, keywords, format, 
				  kwlist, &lva, FLAG_SIZE_T);
	return retval;
}


static int
vgetargskeywords(PyObject *args, PyObject *keywords, const char *format,
	         char **kwlist, va_list *p_va, int flags)
{
	char msgbuf[512];
	int levels[32];
	const char *fname, *message;
	int min, max;
	const char *formatsave;
	int i, len, nargs, nkeywords;
	const char *msg;
	char **p;
	PyObject *freelist = NULL;

	assert(args != NULL && PyTuple_Check(args));
	assert(keywords == NULL || PyDict_Check(keywords));
	assert(format != NULL);
	assert(kwlist != NULL);
	assert(p_va != NULL);

	/* Search the format:
	   message <- error msg, if any (else NULL).
	   fname <- routine name, if any (else NULL).
	   min <- # of required arguments, or -1 if all are required.
	   max <- most arguments (required + optional).
	   Check that kwlist has a non-NULL entry for each arg.
	   Raise error if a tuple arg spec is found.
	*/
	fname = message = NULL;
	formatsave = format;
	p = kwlist;
	min = -1;
	max = 0;
	while ((i = *format++) != '\0') {
		if (isalpha(Py_CHARMASK(i)) && i != 'e') {
			max++;
			if (*p == NULL) {
				PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError,
					"more argument specifiers than "
					"keyword list entries");
				return 0;
			}
			p++;
		}
		else if (i == '|')
			min = max;
		else if (i == ':') {
			fname = format;
			break;
		}
		else if (i == ';') {
			message = format;
			break;
		}
		else if (i == '(') {
			PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError,
				"tuple found in format when using keyword "
				"arguments");
			return 0;
		}
	}
	format = formatsave;
	if (*p != NULL) {
		PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError,
			"more keyword list entries than "
			"argument specifiers");
		return 0;
	}
	if (min < 0) {
		/* All arguments are required. */
		min = max;
	}

	nargs = PyTuple_GET_SIZE(args);
	nkeywords = keywords == NULL ? 0 : PyDict_Size(keywords);

	/* make sure there are no duplicate values for an argument;
	   its not clear when to use the term "keyword argument vs. 
	   keyword parameter in messages */
	if (nkeywords > 0) {
		for (i = 0; i < nargs; i++) {
			const char *thiskw = kwlist[i];
			if (thiskw == NULL)
				break;
			if (PyDict_GetItemString(keywords, thiskw)) {
				PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
					"keyword parameter '%s' was given "
					"by position and by name",
					thiskw);
				return 0;
			}
			else if (PyErr_Occurred())
				return 0;
		}
	}

	/* required arguments missing from args can be supplied by keyword 
	   arguments; set len to the number of positional arguments, and,
	   if that's less than the minimum required, add in the number of
	   required arguments that are supplied by keywords */
	len = nargs;
	if (nkeywords > 0 && nargs < min) {
		for (i = nargs; i < min; i++) {
			if (PyDict_GetItemString(keywords, kwlist[i]))
				len++;
			else if (PyErr_Occurred())
				return 0;
		}
	}

	/* make sure we got an acceptable number of arguments; the message
	   is a little confusing with keywords since keyword arguments
	   which are supplied, but don't match the required arguments
	   are not included in the "%d given" part of the message 
	   XXX and this isn't a bug!? */
	if (len < min || max < len) {
		if (message == NULL) {
			PyOS_snprintf(msgbuf, sizeof(msgbuf),
				      "%.200s%s takes %s %d argument%s "
				      "(%d given)",
				      fname==NULL ? "function" : fname,
				      fname==NULL ? "" : "()",
				      min==max ? "exactly"
			              : len < min ? "at least" : "at most",
				      len < min ? min : max,
				      (len < min ? min : max) == 1 ? "" : "s",
				      len);
			message = msgbuf;
		}
		PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, message);
		return 0;
	}

	/* convert the positional arguments */
	for (i = 0; i < nargs; i++) {
		if (*format == '|')
			format++;
		msg = convertitem(PyTuple_GET_ITEM(args, i), &format, p_va,
				  flags, levels, msgbuf, sizeof(msgbuf), 
				  &freelist);
		if (msg) {
			seterror(i+1, msg, levels, fname, message);
			return cleanreturn(0, freelist);
		}
	}

	/* handle no keyword parameters in call */	
	if (nkeywords == 0)
		return cleanreturn(1, freelist);

	/* convert the keyword arguments; this uses the format 
	   string where it was left after processing args */
	for (i = nargs; i < max; i++) {
		PyObject *item;
		if (*format == '|')
			format++;
		item = PyDict_GetItemString(keywords, kwlist[i]);
		if (item != NULL) {
			Py_INCREF(item);
			msg = convertitem(item, &format, p_va, flags, levels, 
					  msgbuf, sizeof(msgbuf), &freelist);
			Py_DECREF(item);
			if (msg) {
				seterror(i+1, msg, levels, fname, message);
				return cleanreturn(0, freelist);
			}
			--nkeywords;
			if (nkeywords == 0)
				break;
		}
		else if (PyErr_Occurred())
			return cleanreturn(0, freelist);
		else {
			msg = skipitem(&format, p_va, flags);
			if (msg) {
				levels[0] = 0;
				seterror(i+1, msg, levels, fname, message);
				return cleanreturn(0, freelist);
			}
		}
	}

	/* make sure there are no extraneous keyword arguments */
	if (nkeywords > 0) {
		PyObject *key, *value;
		Py_ssize_t pos = 0;
		while (PyDict_Next(keywords, &pos, &key, &value)) {
			int match = 0;
			char *ks;
			if (!PyString_Check(key) && !PyUnicode_Check(key)) {
				PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, 
					        "keywords must be strings");
				return cleanreturn(0, freelist);
			}
			ks = PyString_AsString(key);
			for (i = 0; i < max; i++) {
				if (!strcmp(ks, kwlist[i])) {
					match = 1;
					break;
				}
			}
			if (!match) {
				PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
					     "'%s' is an invalid keyword "
					     "argument for this function",
					     ks);
				return cleanreturn(0, freelist);
			}
		}
	}

	return cleanreturn(1, freelist);
}


static char *
skipitem(const char **p_format, va_list *p_va, int flags)
{
        const char *format = *p_format;
	char c = *format++;
	
	switch (c) {

	/* simple codes
	 * The individual types (second arg of va_arg) are irrelevant */

	case 'b': /* byte -- very short int */
	case 'B': /* byte as bitfield */
	case 'h': /* short int */
	case 'H': /* short int as bitfield */
	case 'i': /* int */
	case 'I': /* int sized bitfield */
	case 'l': /* long int */
	case 'k': /* long int sized bitfield */
#ifdef HAVE_LONG_LONG
	case 'L': /* PY_LONG_LONG */
	case 'K': /* PY_LONG_LONG sized bitfield */
#endif
	case 'f': /* float */
	case 'd': /* double */
#ifndef WITHOUT_COMPLEX
	case 'D': /* complex double */
#endif
	case 'c': /* char */
		{
			(void) va_arg(*p_va, void *);
			break;
		}

	case 'n': /* Py_ssize_t */
		{
			(void) va_arg(*p_va, Py_ssize_t *);
			break;
		}
	
	/* string codes */
		
	case 'e': /* string with encoding */
		{
			(void) va_arg(*p_va, const char *);
			if (!(*format == 's' || *format == 't'))
				/* after 'e', only 's' and 't' is allowed */
				goto err;
			format++;
			/* explicit fallthrough to string cases */
		}
	
	case 's': /* string */
	case 'z': /* string or None */
	case 'y': /* bytes */
	case 'u': /* unicode string */
	case 't': /* buffer, read-only */
	case 'w': /* buffer, read-write */
		{
			(void) va_arg(*p_va, char **);
			if (*format == '#') {
				if (flags & FLAG_SIZE_T)
					(void) va_arg(*p_va, Py_ssize_t *);
				else
					(void) va_arg(*p_va, int *);
				format++;
			}
			break;
		}

	/* object codes */

	case 'S': /* string object */
	case 'Y': /* string object */
	case 'U': /* unicode string object */
		{
			(void) va_arg(*p_va, PyObject **);
			break;
		}
	
	case 'O': /* object */
		{
			if (*format == '!') {
				format++;
				(void) va_arg(*p_va, PyTypeObject*);
				(void) va_arg(*p_va, PyObject **);
			}
#if 0
/* I don't know what this is for */
			else if (*format == '?') {
				inquiry pred = va_arg(*p_va, inquiry);
				format++;
				if ((*pred)(arg)) {
					(void) va_arg(*p_va, PyObject **);
				}
			}
#endif
			else if (*format == '&') {
				typedef int (*converter)(PyObject *, void *);
				(void) va_arg(*p_va, converter);
				(void) va_arg(*p_va, void *);
				format++;
			}
			else {
				(void) va_arg(*p_va, PyObject **);
			}
			break;
		}
	
	default:
err:
		return "impossible<bad format char>";
	
	}

	/* The "(...)" format code for tuples is not handled here because
	 * it is not allowed with keyword args. */
	
	*p_format = format;
	return NULL;
}


int
PyArg_UnpackTuple(PyObject *args, const char *name, Py_ssize_t min, Py_ssize_t max, ...)
{
	Py_ssize_t i, l;
	PyObject **o;
	va_list vargs;

#ifdef HAVE_STDARG_PROTOTYPES
	va_start(vargs, max);
#else
	va_start(vargs);
#endif

	assert(min >= 0);
	assert(min <= max);
	if (!PyTuple_Check(args)) {
		PyErr_SetString(PyExc_SystemError,
		    "PyArg_UnpackTuple() argument list is not a tuple");
		return 0;
	}	
	l = PyTuple_GET_SIZE(args);
	if (l < min) {
		if (name != NULL)
			PyErr_Format(
			    PyExc_TypeError,
			    "%s expected %s%zd arguments, got %zd", 
			    name, (min == max ? "" : "at least "), min, l);
		else
			PyErr_Format(
			    PyExc_TypeError,
			    "unpacked tuple should have %s%zd elements,"
			    " but has %zd", 
			    (min == max ? "" : "at least "), min, l);
		va_end(vargs);
		return 0;
	}
	if (l > max) {
		if (name != NULL)
			PyErr_Format(
			    PyExc_TypeError,
			    "%s expected %s%zd arguments, got %zd", 
			    name, (min == max ? "" : "at most "), max, l);
		else
			PyErr_Format(
			    PyExc_TypeError,
			    "unpacked tuple should have %s%zd elements,"
			    " but has %zd", 
			    (min == max ? "" : "at most "), max, l);
		va_end(vargs);
		return 0;
	}
	for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
		o = va_arg(vargs, PyObject **);
		*o = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(args, i);
	}
	va_end(vargs);
	return 1;
}


/* For type constructors that don't take keyword args
 *
 * Sets a TypeError and returns 0 if the kwds dict is 
 * not empty, returns 1 otherwise
 */
int
_PyArg_NoKeywords(const char *funcname, PyObject *kw)
{
	if (kw == NULL)
		return 1;
	if (!PyDict_CheckExact(kw)) {
		PyErr_BadInternalCall();
		return 0;
	}
	if (PyDict_Size(kw) == 0)
		return 1;
	
	PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError, "%s does not take keyword arguments", 
			funcname);
	return 0;
}
#ifdef __cplusplus
};
#endif