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annotate Python/random.c @ 76329:005fd1fe31ab

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Issue #14582: Import returns the module returned by a loader instead of sys.modules when possible. This is being done for two reasons. One is to gain a little bit of performance by skipping an unnecessary dict lookup in sys.modules. But the other (and main) reason is to be a little bit more clear in how things should work from the perspective of import's interactions with loaders. Otherwise loaders can easily forget to return the module even though PEP 302 explicitly states they are expected to return the module they loaded.
author Brett Cannon <brett@python.org>
date Sun, 15 Apr 2012 15:24:04 -0400
parents 198e31774f0f
children 6a782496f90a a53fc9982e2a
Ignore whitespace changes - Everywhere: Within whitespace: At end of lines:
rev   line source
75066
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1 #include "Python.h"
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2 #ifdef MS_WINDOWS
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3 #include <windows.h>
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4 #else
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5 #include <fcntl.h>
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6 #endif
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7
75127
160a56eac332 ensure no one tries to hash things before the random seed is found
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8 #ifdef Py_DEBUG
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9 int _Py_HashSecret_Initialized = 0;
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10 #else
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11 static int _Py_HashSecret_Initialized = 0;
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12 #endif
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13
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14 #ifdef MS_WINDOWS
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15 typedef BOOL (WINAPI *CRYPTACQUIRECONTEXTA)(HCRYPTPROV *phProv,\
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16 LPCSTR pszContainer, LPCSTR pszProvider, DWORD dwProvType,\
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17 DWORD dwFlags );
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18 typedef BOOL (WINAPI *CRYPTGENRANDOM)(HCRYPTPROV hProv, DWORD dwLen,\
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19 BYTE *pbBuffer );
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20
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21 static CRYPTGENRANDOM pCryptGenRandom = NULL;
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22 /* This handle is never explicitly released. Instead, the operating
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23 system will release it when the process terminates. */
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24 static HCRYPTPROV hCryptProv = 0;
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25
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26 static int
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27 win32_urandom_init(int raise)
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28 {
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29 HINSTANCE hAdvAPI32 = NULL;
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30 CRYPTACQUIRECONTEXTA pCryptAcquireContext = NULL;
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31
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32 /* Obtain handle to the DLL containing CryptoAPI. This should not fail. */
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33 hAdvAPI32 = GetModuleHandle("advapi32.dll");
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34 if(hAdvAPI32 == NULL)
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35 goto error;
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36
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37 /* Obtain pointers to the CryptoAPI functions. This will fail on some early
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38 versions of Win95. */
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39 pCryptAcquireContext = (CRYPTACQUIRECONTEXTA)GetProcAddress(
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40 hAdvAPI32, "CryptAcquireContextA");
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41 if (pCryptAcquireContext == NULL)
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42 goto error;
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43
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44 pCryptGenRandom = (CRYPTGENRANDOM)GetProcAddress(hAdvAPI32,
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45 "CryptGenRandom");
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46 if (pCryptGenRandom == NULL)
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47 goto error;
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48
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49 /* Acquire context */
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50 if (! pCryptAcquireContext(&hCryptProv, NULL, NULL,
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51 PROV_RSA_FULL, CRYPT_VERIFYCONTEXT))
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52 goto error;
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53
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54 return 0;
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55
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56 error:
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57 if (raise)
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58 PyErr_SetFromWindowsErr(0);
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59 else
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60 Py_FatalError("Failed to initialize Windows random API (CryptoGen)");
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61 return -1;
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62 }
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63
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64 /* Fill buffer with size pseudo-random bytes generated by the Windows CryptoGen
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65 API. Return 0 on success, or -1 on error. */
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66 static int
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67 win32_urandom(unsigned char *buffer, Py_ssize_t size, int raise)
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68 {
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69 Py_ssize_t chunk;
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70
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71 if (hCryptProv == 0)
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72 {
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73 if (win32_urandom_init(raise) == -1)
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74 return -1;
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75 }
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76
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77 while (size > 0)
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78 {
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79 chunk = size > INT_MAX ? INT_MAX : size;
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80 if (!pCryptGenRandom(hCryptProv, chunk, buffer))
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81 {
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82 /* CryptGenRandom() failed */
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83 if (raise)
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84 PyErr_SetFromWindowsErr(0);
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85 else
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86 Py_FatalError("Failed to initialized the randomized hash "
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87 "secret using CryptoGen)");
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88 return -1;
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89 }
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90 buffer += chunk;
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91 size -= chunk;
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92 }
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93 return 0;
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94 }
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95 #endif /* MS_WINDOWS */
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96
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97
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98 #ifdef __VMS
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99 /* Use openssl random routine */
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100 #include <openssl/rand.h>
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101 static int
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102 vms_urandom(unsigned char *buffer, Py_ssize_t size, int raise)
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103 {
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104 if (RAND_pseudo_bytes(buffer, size) < 0) {
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105 if (raise) {
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106 PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError,
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107 "RAND_pseudo_bytes");
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108 } else {
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109 Py_FatalError("Failed to initialize the randomized hash "
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110 "secret using RAND_pseudo_bytes");
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111 }
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112 return -1;
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113 }
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114 return 0;
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115 }
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116 #endif /* __VMS */
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117
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118
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119 #if !defined(MS_WINDOWS) && !defined(__VMS)
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120
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121 /* Read size bytes from /dev/urandom into buffer.
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122 Call Py_FatalError() on error. */
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123 static void
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124 dev_urandom_noraise(char *buffer, Py_ssize_t size)
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125 {
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126 int fd;
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127 Py_ssize_t n;
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128
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129 assert (0 < size);
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130
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131 fd = open("/dev/urandom", O_RDONLY);
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132 if (fd < 0)
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133 Py_FatalError("Failed to open /dev/urandom");
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134
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135 while (0 < size)
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136 {
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137 do {
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138 n = read(fd, buffer, (size_t)size);
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139 } while (n < 0 && errno == EINTR);
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140 if (n <= 0)
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141 {
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142 /* stop on error or if read(size) returned 0 */
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143 Py_FatalError("Failed to read bytes from /dev/urandom");
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144 break;
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145 }
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146 buffer += n;
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147 size -= (Py_ssize_t)n;
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148 }
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149 close(fd);
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150 }
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151
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152 /* Read size bytes from /dev/urandom into buffer.
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153 Return 0 on success, raise an exception and return -1 on error. */
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154 static int
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155 dev_urandom_python(char *buffer, Py_ssize_t size)
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156 {
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157 int fd;
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158 Py_ssize_t n;
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159
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160 if (size <= 0)
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161 return 0;
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162
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163 Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS
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164 fd = open("/dev/urandom", O_RDONLY);
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165 Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS
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166 if (fd < 0)
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167 {
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168 PyErr_SetFromErrnoWithFilename(PyExc_OSError, "/dev/urandom");
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169 return -1;
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170 }
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171
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172 Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS
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173 do {
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174 do {
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175 n = read(fd, buffer, (size_t)size);
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176 } while (n < 0 && errno == EINTR);
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177 if (n <= 0)
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178 break;
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179 buffer += n;
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180 size -= (Py_ssize_t)n;
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181 } while (0 < size);
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182 Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS
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183
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184 if (n <= 0)
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185 {
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186 /* stop on error or if read(size) returned 0 */
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187 if (n < 0)
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188 PyErr_SetFromErrno(PyExc_OSError);
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189 else
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190 PyErr_Format(PyExc_RuntimeError,
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191 "Failed to read %zi bytes from /dev/urandom",
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192 size);
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193 close(fd);
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194 return -1;
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195 }
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196 close(fd);
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197 return 0;
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198 }
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199 #endif /* !defined(MS_WINDOWS) && !defined(__VMS) */
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200
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201 /* Fill buffer with pseudo-random bytes generated by a linear congruent
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202 generator (LCG):
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203
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204 x(n+1) = (x(n) * 214013 + 2531011) % 2^32
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205
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206 Use bits 23..16 of x(n) to generate a byte. */
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207 static void
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208 lcg_urandom(unsigned int x0, unsigned char *buffer, size_t size)
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209 {
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210 size_t index;
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211 unsigned int x;
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212
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213 x = x0;
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214 for (index=0; index < size; index++) {
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215 x *= 214013;
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216 x += 2531011;
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217 /* modulo 2 ^ (8 * sizeof(int)) */
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218 buffer[index] = (x >> 16) & 0xff;
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219 }
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220 }
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221
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222 /* Fill buffer with size pseudo-random bytes, not suitable for cryptographic
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223 use, from the operating random number generator (RNG).
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224
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225 Return 0 on success, raise an exception and return -1 on error. */
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226 int
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227 _PyOS_URandom(void *buffer, Py_ssize_t size)
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228 {
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229 if (size < 0) {
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230 PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError,
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231 "negative argument not allowed");
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232 return -1;
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233 }
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234 if (size == 0)
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235 return 0;
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236
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237 #ifdef MS_WINDOWS
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238 return win32_urandom((unsigned char *)buffer, size, 1);
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239 #else
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240 # ifdef __VMS
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241 return vms_urandom((unsigned char *)buffer, size, 1);
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242 # else
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243 return dev_urandom_python((char*)buffer, size);
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244 # endif
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245 #endif
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246 }
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247
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248 void
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249 _PyRandom_Init(void)
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250 {
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251 char *env;
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252 void *secret = &_Py_HashSecret;
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253 Py_ssize_t secret_size = sizeof(_Py_HashSecret_t);
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254
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255 if (_Py_HashSecret_Initialized)
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256 return;
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257 _Py_HashSecret_Initialized = 1;
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258
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259 /*
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260 Hash randomization is enabled. Generate a per-process secret,
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261 using PYTHONHASHSEED if provided.
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262 */
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263
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264 env = Py_GETENV("PYTHONHASHSEED");
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265 if (env && *env != '\0' && strcmp(env, "random") != 0) {
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266 char *endptr = env;
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267 unsigned long seed;
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268 seed = strtoul(env, &endptr, 10);
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269 if (*endptr != '\0'
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270 || seed > 4294967295UL
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271 || (errno == ERANGE && seed == ULONG_MAX))
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272 {
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273 Py_FatalError("PYTHONHASHSEED must be \"random\" or an integer "
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274 "in range [0; 4294967295]");
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275 }
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276 if (seed == 0) {
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277 /* disable the randomized hash */
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278 memset(secret, 0, secret_size);
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279 }
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280 else {
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281 lcg_urandom(seed, (unsigned char*)secret, secret_size);
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282 }
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283 }
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284 else {
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285 #ifdef MS_WINDOWS
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286 (void)win32_urandom((unsigned char *)secret, secret_size, 0);
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287 #else /* #ifdef MS_WINDOWS */
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288 # ifdef __VMS
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289 vms_urandom((unsigned char *)secret, secret_size, 0);
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290 # else
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291 dev_urandom_noraise((char*)secret, secret_size);
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292 # endif
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293 #endif
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294 }
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295 }