Mercurial > cpython-lru_cache-weakref
annotate Doc/api/api.tex @ 17875:151a2fa296fe legacy-trunk
Typo: "that" --> "than"
This closes SF bug #425320.
| author | Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> |
|---|---|
| date | Mon, 21 May 2001 15:03:35 +0000 |
| parents | 9ea87c0a7c04 |
| children | 13bdb5b207d2 |
| rev | line source |
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1 \documentclass{manual} |
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2 |
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3 \title{Python/C API Reference Manual} |
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4 |
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5 \input{boilerplate} |
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6 |
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7 \makeindex % tell \index to actually write the .idx file |
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8 |
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9 |
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10 \begin{document} |
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11 |
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12 \maketitle |
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13 |
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14 \ifhtml |
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15 \chapter*{Front Matter\label{front}} |
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16 \fi |
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17 |
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18 \input{copyright} |
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19 |
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20 \begin{abstract} |
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21 |
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22 \noindent |
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23 This manual documents the API used by C and \Cpp{} programmers who |
| 7308 | 24 want to write extension modules or embed Python. It is a companion to |
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25 \citetitle[../ext/ext.html]{Extending and Embedding the Python |
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26 Interpreter}, which describes the general principles of extension |
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27 writing but does not document the API functions in detail. |
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28 |
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29 \strong{Warning:} The current version of this document is incomplete. |
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30 I hope that it is nevertheless useful. I will continue to work on it, |
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31 and release new versions from time to time, independent from Python |
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32 source code releases. |
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33 |
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34 \end{abstract} |
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35 |
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36 \tableofcontents |
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37 |
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38 % XXX Consider moving all this back to ext.tex and giving api.tex |
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39 % XXX a *really* short intro only. |
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40 |
| 10163 | 41 \chapter{Introduction \label{intro}} |
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42 |
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43 The Application Programmer's Interface to Python gives C and |
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44 \Cpp{} programmers access to the Python interpreter at a variety of |
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45 levels. The API is equally usable from \Cpp{}, but for brevity it is |
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46 generally referred to as the Python/C API. There are two |
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47 fundamentally different reasons for using the Python/C API. The first |
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48 reason is to write \emph{extension modules} for specific purposes; |
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49 these are C modules that extend the Python interpreter. This is |
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50 probably the most common use. The second reason is to use Python as a |
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51 component in a larger application; this technique is generally |
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52 referred to as \dfn{embedding} Python in an application. |
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53 |
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54 Writing an extension module is a relatively well-understood process, |
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55 where a ``cookbook'' approach works well. There are several tools |
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56 that automate the process to some extent. While people have embedded |
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57 Python in other applications since its early existence, the process of |
| 17875 | 58 embedding Python is less straightforward than writing an extension. |
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59 |
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60 Many API functions are useful independent of whether you're embedding |
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61 or extending Python; moreover, most applications that embed Python |
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62 will need to provide a custom extension as well, so it's probably a |
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63 good idea to become familiar with writing an extension before |
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64 attempting to embed Python in a real application. |
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65 |
| 10163 | 66 |
| 67 \section{Include Files \label{includes}} | |
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68 |
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69 All function, type and macro definitions needed to use the Python/C |
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70 API are included in your code by the following line: |
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71 |
| 7308 | 72 \begin{verbatim} |
| 73 #include "Python.h" | |
| 74 \end{verbatim} | |
| 75 | |
| 76 This implies inclusion of the following standard headers: | |
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77 \code{<stdio.h>}, \code{<string.h>}, \code{<errno.h>}, |
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78 \code{<limits.h>}, and \code{<stdlib.h>} (if available). |
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79 |
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80 All user visible names defined by Python.h (except those defined by |
| 7308 | 81 the included standard headers) have one of the prefixes \samp{Py} or |
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82 \samp{_Py}. Names beginning with \samp{_Py} are for internal use by |
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83 the Python implementation and should not be used by extension writers. |
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84 Structure member names do not have a reserved prefix. |
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85 |
| 7308 | 86 \strong{Important:} user code should never define names that begin |
| 87 with \samp{Py} or \samp{_Py}. This confuses the reader, and | |
| 88 jeopardizes the portability of the user code to future Python | |
| 89 versions, which may define additional names beginning with one of | |
| 90 these prefixes. | |
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91 |
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92 The header files are typically installed with Python. On \UNIX, these |
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93 are located in the directories |
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94 \file{\envvar{prefix}/include/python\var{version}/} and |
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95 \file{\envvar{exec_prefix}/include/python\var{version}/}, where |
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96 \envvar{prefix} and \envvar{exec_prefix} are defined by the |
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97 corresponding parameters to Python's \program{configure} script and |
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98 \var{version} is \code{sys.version[:3]}. On Windows, the headers are |
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99 installed in \file{\envvar{prefix}/include}, where \envvar{prefix} is |
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100 the installation directory specified to the installer. |
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101 |
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102 To include the headers, place both directories (if different) on your |
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103 compiler's search path for includes. Do \emph{not} place the parent |
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104 directories on the search path and then use |
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105 \samp{\#include <python\shortversion/Python.h>}; this will break on |
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106 multi-platform builds since the platform independent headers under |
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107 \envvar{prefix} include the platform specific headers from |
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108 \envvar{exec_prefix}. |
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109 |
| 10163 | 110 |
| 111 \section{Objects, Types and Reference Counts \label{objects}} | |
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112 |
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113 Most Python/C API functions have one or more arguments as well as a |
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114 return value of type \ctype{PyObject*}. This type is a pointer |
| 7308 | 115 to an opaque data type representing an arbitrary Python |
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116 object. Since all Python object types are treated the same way by the |
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117 Python language in most situations (e.g., assignments, scope rules, |
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118 and argument passing), it is only fitting that they should be |
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119 represented by a single C type. Almost all Python objects live on the |
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120 heap: you never declare an automatic or static variable of type |
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121 \ctype{PyObject}, only pointer variables of type \ctype{PyObject*} can |
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122 be declared. The sole exception are the type objects\obindex{type}; |
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123 since these must never be deallocated, they are typically static |
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124 \ctype{PyTypeObject} objects. |
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125 |
| 7308 | 126 All Python objects (even Python integers) have a \dfn{type} and a |
| 127 \dfn{reference count}. An object's type determines what kind of object | |
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128 it is (e.g., an integer, a list, or a user-defined function; there are |
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129 many more as explained in the \citetitle[../ref/ref.html]{Python |
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130 Reference Manual}). For each of the well-known types there is a macro |
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131 to check whether an object is of that type; for instance, |
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132 \samp{PyList_Check(\var{a})} is true if (and only if) the object |
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133 pointed to by \var{a} is a Python list. |
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134 |
| 10163 | 135 |
| 136 \subsection{Reference Counts \label{refcounts}} | |
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137 |
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138 The reference count is important because today's computers have a |
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139 finite (and often severely limited) memory size; it counts how many |
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140 different places there are that have a reference to an object. Such a |
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141 place could be another object, or a global (or static) C variable, or |
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142 a local variable in some C function. When an object's reference count |
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143 becomes zero, the object is deallocated. If it contains references to |
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144 other objects, their reference count is decremented. Those other |
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145 objects may be deallocated in turn, if this decrement makes their |
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146 reference count become zero, and so on. (There's an obvious problem |
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147 with objects that reference each other here; for now, the solution is |
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148 ``don't do that.'') |
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149 |
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150 Reference counts are always manipulated explicitly. The normal way is |
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151 to use the macro \cfunction{Py_INCREF()}\ttindex{Py_INCREF()} to |
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152 increment an object's reference count by one, and |
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153 \cfunction{Py_DECREF()}\ttindex{Py_DECREF()} to decrement it by |
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154 one. The \cfunction{Py_DECREF()} macro is considerably more complex |
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155 than the incref one, since it must check whether the reference count |
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156 becomes zero and then cause the object's deallocator to be called. |
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157 The deallocator is a function pointer contained in the object's type |
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158 structure. The type-specific deallocator takes care of decrementing |
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159 the reference counts for other objects contained in the object if this |
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160 is a compound object type, such as a list, as well as performing any |
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161 additional finalization that's needed. There's no chance that the |
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162 reference count can overflow; at least as many bits are used to hold |
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163 the reference count as there are distinct memory locations in virtual |
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164 memory (assuming \code{sizeof(long) >= sizeof(char*)}). Thus, the |
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165 reference count increment is a simple operation. |
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166 |
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167 It is not necessary to increment an object's reference count for every |
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168 local variable that contains a pointer to an object. In theory, the |
| 7308 | 169 object's reference count goes up by one when the variable is made to |
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170 point to it and it goes down by one when the variable goes out of |
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171 scope. However, these two cancel each other out, so at the end the |
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172 reference count hasn't changed. The only real reason to use the |
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173 reference count is to prevent the object from being deallocated as |
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174 long as our variable is pointing to it. If we know that there is at |
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175 least one other reference to the object that lives at least as long as |
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176 our variable, there is no need to increment the reference count |
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177 temporarily. An important situation where this arises is in objects |
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178 that are passed as arguments to C functions in an extension module |
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179 that are called from Python; the call mechanism guarantees to hold a |
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180 reference to every argument for the duration of the call. |
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181 |
| 7308 | 182 However, a common pitfall is to extract an object from a list and |
| 183 hold on to it for a while without incrementing its reference count. | |
| 184 Some other operation might conceivably remove the object from the | |
| 185 list, decrementing its reference count and possible deallocating it. | |
| 186 The real danger is that innocent-looking operations may invoke | |
| 187 arbitrary Python code which could do this; there is a code path which | |
| 188 allows control to flow back to the user from a \cfunction{Py_DECREF()}, | |
| 189 so almost any operation is potentially dangerous. | |
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190 |
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191 A safe approach is to always use the generic operations (functions |
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192 whose name begins with \samp{PyObject_}, \samp{PyNumber_}, |
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193 \samp{PySequence_} or \samp{PyMapping_}). These operations always |
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194 increment the reference count of the object they return. This leaves |
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195 the caller with the responsibility to call |
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196 \cfunction{Py_DECREF()} when they are done with the result; this soon |
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197 becomes second nature. |
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198 |
| 10163 | 199 |
| 200 \subsubsection{Reference Count Details \label{refcountDetails}} | |
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201 |
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202 The reference count behavior of functions in the Python/C API is best |
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203 explained in terms of \emph{ownership of references}. Note that we |
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204 talk of owning references, never of owning objects; objects are always |
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205 shared! When a function owns a reference, it has to dispose of it |
| 7308 | 206 properly --- either by passing ownership on (usually to its caller) or |
| 207 by calling \cfunction{Py_DECREF()} or \cfunction{Py_XDECREF()}. When | |
| 208 a function passes ownership of a reference on to its caller, the | |
| 209 caller is said to receive a \emph{new} reference. When no ownership | |
| 210 is transferred, the caller is said to \emph{borrow} the reference. | |
| 211 Nothing needs to be done for a borrowed reference. | |
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212 |
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213 Conversely, when a calling function passes it a reference to an |
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214 object, there are two possibilities: the function \emph{steals} a |
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215 reference to the object, or it does not. Few functions steal |
| 7308 | 216 references; the two notable exceptions are |
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217 \cfunction{PyList_SetItem()}\ttindex{PyList_SetItem()} and |
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218 \cfunction{PyTuple_SetItem()}\ttindex{PyTuple_SetItem()}, which |
| 7308 | 219 steal a reference to the item (but not to the tuple or list into which |
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220 the item is put!). These functions were designed to steal a reference |
| 7308 | 221 because of a common idiom for populating a tuple or list with newly |
| 222 created objects; for example, the code to create the tuple \code{(1, | |
| 223 2, "three")} could look like this (forgetting about error handling for | |
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224 the moment; a better way to code this is shown below): |
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225 |
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226 \begin{verbatim} |
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227 PyObject *t; |
| 7782 | 228 |
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229 t = PyTuple_New(3); |
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230 PyTuple_SetItem(t, 0, PyInt_FromLong(1L)); |
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231 PyTuple_SetItem(t, 1, PyInt_FromLong(2L)); |
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232 PyTuple_SetItem(t, 2, PyString_FromString("three")); |
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233 \end{verbatim} |
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234 |
| 7308 | 235 Incidentally, \cfunction{PyTuple_SetItem()} is the \emph{only} way to |
| 236 set tuple items; \cfunction{PySequence_SetItem()} and | |
| 237 \cfunction{PyObject_SetItem()} refuse to do this since tuples are an | |
| 238 immutable data type. You should only use | |
| 239 \cfunction{PyTuple_SetItem()} for tuples that you are creating | |
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240 yourself. |
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241 |
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242 Equivalent code for populating a list can be written using |
| 7308 | 243 \cfunction{PyList_New()} and \cfunction{PyList_SetItem()}. Such code |
| 244 can also use \cfunction{PySequence_SetItem()}; this illustrates the | |
| 245 difference between the two (the extra \cfunction{Py_DECREF()} calls): | |
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246 |
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247 \begin{verbatim} |
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248 PyObject *l, *x; |
| 7782 | 249 |
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250 l = PyList_New(3); |
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251 x = PyInt_FromLong(1L); |
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252 PySequence_SetItem(l, 0, x); Py_DECREF(x); |
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253 x = PyInt_FromLong(2L); |
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254 PySequence_SetItem(l, 1, x); Py_DECREF(x); |
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255 x = PyString_FromString("three"); |
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256 PySequence_SetItem(l, 2, x); Py_DECREF(x); |
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257 \end{verbatim} |
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258 |
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259 You might find it strange that the ``recommended'' approach takes more |
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260 code. However, in practice, you will rarely use these ways of |
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261 creating and populating a tuple or list. There's a generic function, |
| 7308 | 262 \cfunction{Py_BuildValue()}, that can create most common objects from |
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263 C values, directed by a \dfn{format string}. For example, the |
| 7308 | 264 above two blocks of code could be replaced by the following (which |
| 265 also takes care of the error checking): | |
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266 |
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267 \begin{verbatim} |
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268 PyObject *t, *l; |
| 7782 | 269 |
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270 t = Py_BuildValue("(iis)", 1, 2, "three"); |
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271 l = Py_BuildValue("[iis]", 1, 2, "three"); |
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272 \end{verbatim} |
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273 |
| 7308 | 274 It is much more common to use \cfunction{PyObject_SetItem()} and |
| 275 friends with items whose references you are only borrowing, like | |
| 276 arguments that were passed in to the function you are writing. In | |
| 277 that case, their behaviour regarding reference counts is much saner, | |
| 278 since you don't have to increment a reference count so you can give a | |
| 279 reference away (``have it be stolen''). For example, this function | |
| 280 sets all items of a list (actually, any mutable sequence) to a given | |
| 281 item: | |
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282 |
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283 \begin{verbatim} |
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284 int set_all(PyObject *target, PyObject *item) |
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285 { |
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286 int i, n; |
| 7782 | 287 |
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288 n = PyObject_Length(target); |
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289 if (n < 0) |
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290 return -1; |
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291 for (i = 0; i < n; i++) { |
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292 if (PyObject_SetItem(target, i, item) < 0) |
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293 return -1; |
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294 } |
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295 return 0; |
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296 } |
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297 \end{verbatim} |
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298 \ttindex{set_all()} |
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299 |
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300 The situation is slightly different for function return values. |
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301 While passing a reference to most functions does not change your |
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302 ownership responsibilities for that reference, many functions that |
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303 return a referece to an object give you ownership of the reference. |
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304 The reason is simple: in many cases, the returned object is created |
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305 on the fly, and the reference you get is the only reference to the |
| 7308 | 306 object. Therefore, the generic functions that return object |
| 307 references, like \cfunction{PyObject_GetItem()} and | |
| 308 \cfunction{PySequence_GetItem()}, always return a new reference (i.e., | |
| 309 the caller becomes the owner of the reference). | |
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310 |
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311 It is important to realize that whether you own a reference returned |
| 7308 | 312 by a function depends on which function you call only --- \emph{the |
| 313 plumage} (i.e., the type of the type of the object passed as an | |
| 314 argument to the function) \emph{doesn't enter into it!} Thus, if you | |
| 315 extract an item from a list using \cfunction{PyList_GetItem()}, you | |
| 316 don't own the reference --- but if you obtain the same item from the | |
| 317 same list using \cfunction{PySequence_GetItem()} (which happens to | |
| 318 take exactly the same arguments), you do own a reference to the | |
| 319 returned object. | |
| 320 | |
| 321 Here is an example of how you could write a function that computes the | |
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322 sum of the items in a list of integers; once using |
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323 \cfunction{PyList_GetItem()}\ttindex{PyList_GetItem()}, and once using |
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324 \cfunction{PySequence_GetItem()}\ttindex{PySequence_GetItem()}. |
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325 |
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326 \begin{verbatim} |
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327 long sum_list(PyObject *list) |
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328 { |
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329 int i, n; |
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330 long total = 0; |
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331 PyObject *item; |
| 7782 | 332 |
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333 n = PyList_Size(list); |
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334 if (n < 0) |
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335 return -1; /* Not a list */ |
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336 for (i = 0; i < n; i++) { |
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337 item = PyList_GetItem(list, i); /* Can't fail */ |
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338 if (!PyInt_Check(item)) continue; /* Skip non-integers */ |
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339 total += PyInt_AsLong(item); |
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340 } |
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341 return total; |
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342 } |
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343 \end{verbatim} |
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344 \ttindex{sum_list()} |
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345 |
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346 \begin{verbatim} |
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347 long sum_sequence(PyObject *sequence) |
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348 { |
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349 int i, n; |
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350 long total = 0; |
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351 PyObject *item; |
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352 n = PySequence_Length(sequence); |
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353 if (n < 0) |
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354 return -1; /* Has no length */ |
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355 for (i = 0; i < n; i++) { |
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356 item = PySequence_GetItem(sequence, i); |
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357 if (item == NULL) |
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358 return -1; /* Not a sequence, or other failure */ |
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359 if (PyInt_Check(item)) |
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360 total += PyInt_AsLong(item); |
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361 Py_DECREF(item); /* Discard reference ownership */ |
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362 } |
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363 return total; |
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364 } |
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365 \end{verbatim} |
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366 \ttindex{sum_sequence()} |
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367 |
| 10163 | 368 |
| 369 \subsection{Types \label{types}} | |
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370 |
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371 There are few other data types that play a significant role in |
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372 the Python/C API; most are simple C types such as \ctype{int}, |
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373 \ctype{long}, \ctype{double} and \ctype{char*}. A few structure types |
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374 are used to describe static tables used to list the functions exported |
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375 by a module or the data attributes of a new object type, and another |
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376 is used to describe the value of a complex number. These will |
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377 be discussed together with the functions that use them. |
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378 |
| 10163 | 379 |
| 380 \section{Exceptions \label{exceptions}} | |
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381 |
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382 The Python programmer only needs to deal with exceptions if specific |
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383 error handling is required; unhandled exceptions are automatically |
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384 propagated to the caller, then to the caller's caller, and so on, until |
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385 they reach the top-level interpreter, where they are reported to the |
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386 user accompanied by a stack traceback. |
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387 |
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388 For C programmers, however, error checking always has to be explicit. |
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389 All functions in the Python/C API can raise exceptions, unless an |
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390 explicit claim is made otherwise in a function's documentation. In |
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391 general, when a function encounters an error, it sets an exception, |
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392 discards any object references that it owns, and returns an |
| 7308 | 393 error indicator --- usually \NULL{} or \code{-1}. A few functions |
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394 return a Boolean true/false result, with false indicating an error. |
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395 Very few functions return no explicit error indicator or have an |
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396 ambiguous return value, and require explicit testing for errors with |
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397 \cfunction{PyErr_Occurred()}\ttindex{PyErr_Occurred()}. |
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398 |
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399 Exception state is maintained in per-thread storage (this is |
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400 equivalent to using global storage in an unthreaded application). A |
| 7782 | 401 thread can be in one of two states: an exception has occurred, or not. |
| 7308 | 402 The function \cfunction{PyErr_Occurred()} can be used to check for |
| 403 this: it returns a borrowed reference to the exception type object | |
| 404 when an exception has occurred, and \NULL{} otherwise. There are a | |
| 405 number of functions to set the exception state: | |
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406 \cfunction{PyErr_SetString()}\ttindex{PyErr_SetString()} is the most |
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407 common (though not the most general) function to set the exception |
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408 state, and \cfunction{PyErr_Clear()}\ttindex{PyErr_Clear()} clears the |
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409 exception state. |
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410 |
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411 The full exception state consists of three objects (all of which can |
| 7308 | 412 be \NULL{}): the exception type, the corresponding exception |
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413 value, and the traceback. These have the same meanings as the Python |
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414 \withsubitem{(in module sys)}{ |
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415 \ttindex{exc_type}\ttindex{exc_value}\ttindex{exc_traceback}} |
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416 objects \code{sys.exc_type}, \code{sys.exc_value}, and |
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417 \code{sys.exc_traceback}; however, they are not the same: the Python |
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418 objects represent the last exception being handled by a Python |
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419 \keyword{try} \ldots\ \keyword{except} statement, while the C level |
| 7308 | 420 exception state only exists while an exception is being passed on |
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421 between C functions until it reaches the Python bytecode interpreter's |
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422 main loop, which takes care of transferring it to \code{sys.exc_type} |
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423 and friends. |
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424 |
| 7782 | 425 Note that starting with Python 1.5, the preferred, thread-safe way to |
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426 access the exception state from Python code is to call the function |
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427 \withsubitem{(in module sys)}{\ttindex{exc_info()}} |
| 7308 | 428 \function{sys.exc_info()}, which returns the per-thread exception state |
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429 for Python code. Also, the semantics of both ways to access the |
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430 exception state have changed so that a function which catches an |
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431 exception will save and restore its thread's exception state so as to |
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432 preserve the exception state of its caller. This prevents common bugs |
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433 in exception handling code caused by an innocent-looking function |
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434 overwriting the exception being handled; it also reduces the often |
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435 unwanted lifetime extension for objects that are referenced by the |
| 7782 | 436 stack frames in the traceback. |
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437 |
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438 As a general principle, a function that calls another function to |
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439 perform some task should check whether the called function raised an |
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440 exception, and if so, pass the exception state on to its caller. It |
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441 should discard any object references that it owns, and return an |
| 7308 | 442 error indicator, but it should \emph{not} set another exception --- |
| 443 that would overwrite the exception that was just raised, and lose | |
| 444 important information about the exact cause of the error. | |
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445 |
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446 A simple example of detecting exceptions and passing them on is shown |
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447 in the \cfunction{sum_sequence()}\ttindex{sum_sequence()} example |
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448 above. It so happens that that example doesn't need to clean up any |
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449 owned references when it detects an error. The following example |
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450 function shows some error cleanup. First, to remind you why you like |
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451 Python, we show the equivalent Python code: |
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452 |
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453 \begin{verbatim} |
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454 def incr_item(dict, key): |
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455 try: |
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456 item = dict[key] |
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457 except KeyError: |
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458 item = 0 |
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7721fb509462
In the first discussion showing how to handle exceptions from C, make the
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459 dict[key] = item + 1 |
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460 \end{verbatim} |
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461 \ttindex{incr_item()} |
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462 |
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463 Here is the corresponding C code, in all its glory: |
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464 |
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465 \begin{verbatim} |
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466 int incr_item(PyObject *dict, PyObject *key) |
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467 { |
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468 /* Objects all initialized to NULL for Py_XDECREF */ |
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469 PyObject *item = NULL, *const_one = NULL, *incremented_item = NULL; |
|
6991
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A whole bunch of typos fixed by Andrew Kuchling.
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470 int rv = -1; /* Return value initialized to -1 (failure) */ |
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471 |
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472 item = PyObject_GetItem(dict, key); |
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473 if (item == NULL) { |
| 7782 | 474 /* Handle KeyError only: */ |
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475 if (!PyErr_ExceptionMatches(PyExc_KeyError)) |
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7721fb509462
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476 goto error; |
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477 |
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478 /* Clear the error and use zero: */ |
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479 PyErr_Clear(); |
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480 item = PyInt_FromLong(0L); |
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481 if (item == NULL) |
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7721fb509462
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482 goto error; |
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483 } |
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484 const_one = PyInt_FromLong(1L); |
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15453
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485 if (const_one == NULL) |
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486 goto error; |
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487 |
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488 incremented_item = PyNumber_Add(item, const_one); |
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15453
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In the first discussion showing how to handle exceptions from C, make the
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489 if (incremented_item == NULL) |
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7721fb509462
In the first discussion showing how to handle exceptions from C, make the
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|
490 goto error; |
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7721fb509462
In the first discussion showing how to handle exceptions from C, make the
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|
491 |
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7721fb509462
In the first discussion showing how to handle exceptions from C, make the
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|
492 if (PyObject_SetItem(dict, key, incremented_item) < 0) |
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7721fb509462
In the first discussion showing how to handle exceptions from C, make the
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|
493 goto error; |
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494 rv = 0; /* Success */ |
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495 /* Continue with cleanup code */ |
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496 |
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497 error: |
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498 /* Cleanup code, shared by success and failure path */ |
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499 |
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500 /* Use Py_XDECREF() to ignore NULL references */ |
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501 Py_XDECREF(item); |
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502 Py_XDECREF(const_one); |
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503 Py_XDECREF(incremented_item); |
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504 |
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505 return rv; /* -1 for error, 0 for success */ |
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506 } |
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507 \end{verbatim} |
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508 \ttindex{incr_item()} |
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509 |
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510 This example represents an endorsed use of the \keyword{goto} statement |
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511 in C! It illustrates the use of |
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512 \cfunction{PyErr_ExceptionMatches()}\ttindex{PyErr_ExceptionMatches()} and |
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513 \cfunction{PyErr_Clear()}\ttindex{PyErr_Clear()} to |
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514 handle specific exceptions, and the use of |
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515 \cfunction{Py_XDECREF()}\ttindex{Py_XDECREF()} to |
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516 dispose of owned references that may be \NULL{} (note the |
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517 \character{X} in the name; \cfunction{Py_DECREF()} would crash when |
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518 confronted with a \NULL{} reference). It is important that the |
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519 variables used to hold owned references are initialized to \NULL{} for |
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520 this to work; likewise, the proposed return value is initialized to |
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521 \code{-1} (failure) and only set to success after the final call made |
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522 is successful. |
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523 |
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524 |
| 10163 | 525 \section{Embedding Python \label{embedding}} |
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526 |
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527 The one important task that only embedders (as opposed to extension |
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528 writers) of the Python interpreter have to worry about is the |
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529 initialization, and possibly the finalization, of the Python |
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530 interpreter. Most functionality of the interpreter can only be used |
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531 after the interpreter has been initialized. |
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532 |
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533 The basic initialization function is |
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534 \cfunction{Py_Initialize()}\ttindex{Py_Initialize()}. |
| 7308 | 535 This initializes the table of loaded modules, and creates the |
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536 fundamental modules \module{__builtin__}\refbimodindex{__builtin__}, |
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537 \module{__main__}\refbimodindex{__main__} and |
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538 \module{sys}\refbimodindex{sys}. It also initializes the module |
| 7782 | 539 search path (\code{sys.path}).% |
| 540 \indexiii{module}{search}{path} | |
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541 \withsubitem{(in module sys)}{\ttindex{path}} |
| 7308 | 542 |
| 543 \cfunction{Py_Initialize()} does not set the ``script argument list'' | |
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544 (\code{sys.argv}). If this variable is needed by Python code that |
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545 will be executed later, it must be set explicitly with a call to |
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546 \code{PySys_SetArgv(\var{argc}, |
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547 \var{argv})}\ttindex{PySys_SetArgv()} subsequent to the call to |
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548 \cfunction{Py_Initialize()}. |
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549 |
| 7081 | 550 On most systems (in particular, on \UNIX{} and Windows, although the |
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551 details are slightly different), |
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552 \cfunction{Py_Initialize()} calculates the module search path based |
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553 upon its best guess for the location of the standard Python |
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554 interpreter executable, assuming that the Python library is found in a |
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555 fixed location relative to the Python interpreter executable. In |
|
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556 particular, it looks for a directory named |
|
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557 \file{lib/python\shortversion} relative to the parent directory where |
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558 the executable named \file{python} is found on the shell command |
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559 search path (the environment variable \envvar{PATH}). |
|
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560 |
|
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561 For instance, if the Python executable is found in |
| 7308 | 562 \file{/usr/local/bin/python}, it will assume that the libraries are in |
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563 \file{/usr/local/lib/python\shortversion}. (In fact, this particular path |
| 7308 | 564 is also the ``fallback'' location, used when no executable file named |
| 7782 | 565 \file{python} is found along \envvar{PATH}.) The user can override |
| 566 this behavior by setting the environment variable \envvar{PYTHONHOME}, | |
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567 or insert additional directories in front of the standard path by |
| 7782 | 568 setting \envvar{PYTHONPATH}. |
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569 |
|
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570 The embedding application can steer the search by calling |
|
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571 \code{Py_SetProgramName(\var{file})}\ttindex{Py_SetProgramName()} \emph{before} calling |
| 7782 | 572 \cfunction{Py_Initialize()}. Note that \envvar{PYTHONHOME} still |
| 573 overrides this and \envvar{PYTHONPATH} is still inserted in front of | |
| 7308 | 574 the standard path. An application that requires total control has to |
|
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575 provide its own implementation of |
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576 \cfunction{Py_GetPath()}\ttindex{Py_GetPath()}, |
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577 \cfunction{Py_GetPrefix()}\ttindex{Py_GetPrefix()}, |
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578 \cfunction{Py_GetExecPrefix()}\ttindex{Py_GetExecPrefix()}, and |
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579 \cfunction{Py_GetProgramFullPath()}\ttindex{Py_GetProgramFullPath()} (all |
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580 defined in \file{Modules/getpath.c}). |
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581 |
|
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|
582 Sometimes, it is desirable to ``uninitialize'' Python. For instance, |
|
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583 the application may want to start over (make another call to |
| 7308 | 584 \cfunction{Py_Initialize()}) or the application is simply done with its |
|
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585 use of Python and wants to free all memory allocated by Python. This |
| 7308 | 586 can be accomplished by calling \cfunction{Py_Finalize()}. The function |
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587 \cfunction{Py_IsInitialized()}\ttindex{Py_IsInitialized()} returns |
|
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588 true if Python is currently in the initialized state. More |
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|
589 information about these functions is given in a later chapter. |
|
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590 |
|
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591 |
| 10163 | 592 \chapter{The Very High Level Layer \label{veryhigh}} |
|
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593 |
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594 The functions in this chapter will let you execute Python source code |
|
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595 given in a file or a buffer, but they will not let you interact in a |
|
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596 more detailed way with the interpreter. |
|
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597 |
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598 Several of these functions accept a start symbol from the grammar as a |
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599 parameter. The available start symbols are \constant{Py_eval_input}, |
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600 \constant{Py_file_input}, and \constant{Py_single_input}. These are |
|
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|
601 described following the functions which accept them as parameters. |
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602 |
|
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603 Note also that several of these functions take \ctype{FILE*} |
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604 parameters. On particular issue which needs to be handled carefully |
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605 is that the \ctype{FILE} structure for different C libraries can be |
|
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606 different and incompatible. Under Windows (at least), it is possible |
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607 for dynamically linked extensions to actually use different libraries, |
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608 so care should be taken that \ctype{FILE*} parameters are only passed |
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609 to these functions if it is certain that they were created by the same |
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610 library that the Python runtime is using. |
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|
611 |
| 7782 | 612 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyRun_AnyFile}{FILE *fp, char *filename} |
|
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613 If \var{fp} refers to a file associated with an interactive device |
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614 (console or terminal input or \UNIX{} pseudo-terminal), return the |
|
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615 value of \cfunction{PyRun_InteractiveLoop()}, otherwise return the |
|
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616 result of \cfunction{PyRun_SimpleFile()}. If \var{filename} is |
| 13929 | 617 \NULL{}, this function uses \code{"???"} as the filename. |
|
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618 \end{cfuncdesc} |
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619 |
| 7782 | 620 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyRun_SimpleString}{char *command} |
|
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621 Executes the Python source code from \var{command} in the |
|
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622 \module{__main__} module. If \module{__main__} does not already |
|
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623 exist, it is created. Returns \code{0} on success or \code{-1} if |
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624 an exception was raised. If there was an error, there is no way to |
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625 get the exception information. |
| 7782 | 626 \end{cfuncdesc} |
| 627 | |
| 628 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyRun_SimpleFile}{FILE *fp, char *filename} | |
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629 Similar to \cfunction{PyRun_SimpleString()}, but the Python source |
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630 code is read from \var{fp} instead of an in-memory string. |
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631 \var{filename} should be the name of the file. |
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632 \end{cfuncdesc} |
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633 |
| 7782 | 634 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyRun_InteractiveOne}{FILE *fp, char *filename} |
| 13929 | 635 Read and execute a single statement from a file associated with an |
| 636 interactive device. If \var{filename} is \NULL, \code{"???"} is | |
| 637 used instead. The user will be prompted using \code{sys.ps1} and | |
| 638 \code{sys.ps2}. Returns \code{0} when the input was executed | |
| 639 successfully, \code{-1} if there was an exception, or an error code | |
| 640 from the \file{errcode.h} include file distributed as part of Python | |
| 641 in case of a parse error. (Note that \file{errcode.h} is not | |
| 642 included by \file{Python.h}, so must be included specifically if | |
| 643 needed.) | |
|
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644 \end{cfuncdesc} |
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645 |
| 7782 | 646 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyRun_InteractiveLoop}{FILE *fp, char *filename} |
| 13929 | 647 Read and execute statements from a file associated with an |
| 648 interactive device until \EOF{} is reached. If \var{filename} is | |
| 649 \NULL, \code{"???"} is used instead. The user will be prompted | |
| 650 using \code{sys.ps1} and \code{sys.ps2}. Returns \code{0} at \EOF. | |
|
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651 \end{cfuncdesc} |
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652 |
| 7782 | 653 \begin{cfuncdesc}{struct _node*}{PyParser_SimpleParseString}{char *str, |
| 654 int start} | |
|
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655 Parse Python source code from \var{str} using the start token |
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656 \var{start}. The result can be used to create a code object which |
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657 can be evaluated efficiently. This is useful if a code fragment |
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658 must be evaluated many times. |
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659 \end{cfuncdesc} |
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660 |
| 7782 | 661 \begin{cfuncdesc}{struct _node*}{PyParser_SimpleParseFile}{FILE *fp, |
| 662 char *filename, int start} | |
|
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663 Similar to \cfunction{PyParser_SimpleParseString()}, but the Python |
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664 source code is read from \var{fp} instead of an in-memory string. |
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665 \var{filename} should be the name of the file. |
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666 \end{cfuncdesc} |
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667 |
| 7782 | 668 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyRun_String}{char *str, int start, |
| 669 PyObject *globals, | |
| 670 PyObject *locals} | |
|
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671 Execute Python source code from \var{str} in the context specified |
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672 by the dictionaries \var{globals} and \var{locals}. The parameter |
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673 \var{start} specifies the start token that should be used to parse |
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674 the source code. |
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675 |
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|
676 Returns the result of executing the code as a Python object, or |
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677 \NULL{} if an exception was raised. |
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678 \end{cfuncdesc} |
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|
679 |
| 7782 | 680 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyRun_File}{FILE *fp, char *filename, |
| 681 int start, PyObject *globals, | |
| 682 PyObject *locals} | |
|
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683 Similar to \cfunction{PyRun_String()}, but the Python source code is |
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684 read from \var{fp} instead of an in-memory string. |
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685 \var{filename} should be the name of the file. |
|
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686 \end{cfuncdesc} |
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|
687 |
| 7782 | 688 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{Py_CompileString}{char *str, char *filename, |
| 689 int start} | |
|
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|
690 Parse and compile the Python source code in \var{str}, returning the |
|
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|
691 resulting code object. The start token is given by \var{start}; |
|
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|
692 this can be used to constrain the code which can be compiled and should |
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693 be \constant{Py_eval_input}, \constant{Py_file_input}, or |
|
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|
694 \constant{Py_single_input}. The filename specified by |
|
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|
695 \var{filename} is used to construct the code object and may appear |
|
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|
696 in tracebacks or \exception{SyntaxError} exception messages. This |
|
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697 returns \NULL{} if the code cannot be parsed or compiled. |
|
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698 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
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|
699 |
|
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|
700 \begin{cvardesc}{int}{Py_eval_input} |
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|
701 The start symbol from the Python grammar for isolated expressions; |
|
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|
702 for use with \cfunction{Py_CompileString()}\ttindex{Py_CompileString()}. |
|
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|
703 \end{cvardesc} |
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|
704 |
|
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|
705 \begin{cvardesc}{int}{Py_file_input} |
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|
706 The start symbol from the Python grammar for sequences of statements |
|
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|
707 as read from a file or other source; for use with |
|
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|
708 \cfunction{Py_CompileString()}\ttindex{Py_CompileString()}. This is |
|
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|
709 the symbol to use when compiling arbitrarily long Python source code. |
|
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|
710 \end{cvardesc} |
|
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|
711 |
|
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|
712 \begin{cvardesc}{int}{Py_single_input} |
|
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|
713 The start symbol from the Python grammar for a single statement; for |
|
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|
714 use with \cfunction{Py_CompileString()}\ttindex{Py_CompileString()}. |
|
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|
715 This is the symbol used for the interactive interpreter loop. |
|
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|
716 \end{cvardesc} |
|
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|
717 |
|
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|
718 |
| 10163 | 719 \chapter{Reference Counting \label{countingRefs}} |
|
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|
720 |
|
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|
721 The macros in this section are used for managing reference counts |
|
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|
722 of Python objects. |
|
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|
723 |
|
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|
724 \begin{cfuncdesc}{void}{Py_INCREF}{PyObject *o} |
| 7782 | 725 Increment the reference count for object \var{o}. The object must |
|
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|
726 not be \NULL{}; if you aren't sure that it isn't \NULL{}, use |
| 7308 | 727 \cfunction{Py_XINCREF()}. |
|
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|
728 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
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|
729 |
|
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|
730 \begin{cfuncdesc}{void}{Py_XINCREF}{PyObject *o} |
| 7308 | 731 Increment the reference count for object \var{o}. The object may be |
|
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|
732 \NULL{}, in which case the macro has no effect. |
|
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|
733 \end{cfuncdesc} |
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|
734 |
|
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|
735 \begin{cfuncdesc}{void}{Py_DECREF}{PyObject *o} |
| 7308 | 736 Decrement the reference count for object \var{o}. The object must |
|
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|
737 not be \NULL{}; if you aren't sure that it isn't \NULL{}, use |
| 7308 | 738 \cfunction{Py_XDECREF()}. If the reference count reaches zero, the |
| 739 object's type's deallocation function (which must not be \NULL{}) is | |
| 740 invoked. | |
|
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|
741 |
|
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|
742 \strong{Warning:} The deallocation function can cause arbitrary Python |
|
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|
743 code to be invoked (e.g. when a class instance with a |
|
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|
744 \method{__del__()} method is deallocated). While exceptions in such |
|
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|
745 code are not propagated, the executed code has free access to all |
|
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|
746 Python global variables. This means that any object that is reachable |
|
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|
747 from a global variable should be in a consistent state before |
|
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|
748 \cfunction{Py_DECREF()} is invoked. For example, code to delete an |
|
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749 object from a list should copy a reference to the deleted object in a |
|
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|
750 temporary variable, update the list data structure, and then call |
|
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|
751 \cfunction{Py_DECREF()} for the temporary variable. |
|
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|
752 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
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|
753 |
|
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|
754 \begin{cfuncdesc}{void}{Py_XDECREF}{PyObject *o} |
| 7308 | 755 Decrement the reference count for object \var{o}. The object may be |
| 756 \NULL{}, in which case the macro has no effect; otherwise the effect | |
| 757 is the same as for \cfunction{Py_DECREF()}, and the same warning | |
|
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|
758 applies. |
|
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|
759 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
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|
760 |
|
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|
761 The following functions or macros are only for use within the |
|
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762 interpreter core: \cfunction{_Py_Dealloc()}, |
|
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763 \cfunction{_Py_ForgetReference()}, \cfunction{_Py_NewReference()}, as |
|
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764 well as the global variable \cdata{_Py_RefTotal}. |
|
6653
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|
765 |
|
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|
766 |
| 10163 | 767 \chapter{Exception Handling \label{exceptionHandling}} |
|
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|
768 |
|
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|
769 The functions described in this chapter will let you handle and raise Python |
|
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770 exceptions. It is important to understand some of the basics of |
|
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771 Python exception handling. It works somewhat like the |
|
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772 \UNIX{} \cdata{errno} variable: there is a global indicator (per |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
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773 thread) of the last error that occurred. Most functions don't clear |
|
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774 this on success, but will set it to indicate the cause of the error on |
|
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|
775 failure. Most functions also return an error indicator, usually |
|
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776 \NULL{} if they are supposed to return a pointer, or \code{-1} if they |
|
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777 return an integer (exception: the \cfunction{PyArg_Parse*()} functions |
|
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778 return \code{1} for success and \code{0} for failure). When a |
|
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|
779 function must fail because some function it called failed, it |
|
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780 generally doesn't set the error indicator; the function it called |
|
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781 already set it. |
|
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|
782 |
|
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|
783 The error indicator consists of three Python objects corresponding to |
|
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|
784 \withsubitem{(in module sys)}{ |
|
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785 \ttindex{exc_type}\ttindex{exc_value}\ttindex{exc_traceback}} |
|
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786 the Python variables \code{sys.exc_type}, \code{sys.exc_value} and |
|
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787 \code{sys.exc_traceback}. API functions exist to interact with the |
|
53cdf94b652b
Just another checkin for backup. Nothing substantial yet.
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788 error indicator in various ways. There is a separate error indicator |
|
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Just another checkin for backup. Nothing substantial yet.
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|
789 for each thread. |
|
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|
790 |
|
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|
791 % XXX Order of these should be more thoughtful. |
|
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|
792 % Either alphabetical or some kind of structure. |
|
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|
793 |
|
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|
794 \begin{cfuncdesc}{void}{PyErr_Print}{} |
|
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795 Print a standard traceback to \code{sys.stderr} and clear the error |
|
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796 indicator. Call this function only when the error indicator is set. |
|
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797 (Otherwise it will cause a fatal error!) |
|
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|
798 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
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|
799 |
| 7782 | 800 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyErr_Occurred}{} |
|
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|
801 Test whether the error indicator is set. If set, return the exception |
| 7308 | 802 \emph{type} (the first argument to the last call to one of the |
|
8120
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Convert recent additions to use new, "logical" markup.
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|
803 \cfunction{PyErr_Set*()} functions or to \cfunction{PyErr_Restore()}). If |
| 7308 | 804 not set, return \NULL{}. You do not own a reference to the return |
| 805 value, so you do not need to \cfunction{Py_DECREF()} it. | |
|
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|
806 \strong{Note:} Do not compare the return value to a specific |
| 7308 | 807 exception; use \cfunction{PyErr_ExceptionMatches()} instead, shown |
|
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|
808 below. (The comparison could easily fail since the exception may be |
|
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|
809 an instance instead of a class, in the case of a class exception, or |
|
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|
810 it may the a subclass of the expected exception.) |
|
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811 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
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|
812 |
|
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|
813 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyErr_ExceptionMatches}{PyObject *exc} |
|
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|
814 Equivalent to |
| 7308 | 815 \samp{PyErr_GivenExceptionMatches(PyErr_Occurred(), \var{exc})}. |
|
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|
816 This should only be called when an exception is actually set; a memory |
|
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|
817 access violation will occur if no exception has been raised. |
|
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|
818 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
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|
819 |
|
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|
820 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyErr_GivenExceptionMatches}{PyObject *given, PyObject *exc} |
|
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|
821 Return true if the \var{given} exception matches the exception in |
|
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|
822 \var{exc}. If \var{exc} is a class object, this also returns true |
|
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823 when \var{given} is an instance of a subclass. If \var{exc} is a tuple, all |
|
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|
824 exceptions in the tuple (and recursively in subtuples) are searched |
|
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825 for a match. If \var{given} is \NULL, a memory access violation will |
|
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|
826 occur. |
|
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|
827 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
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|
828 |
|
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|
829 \begin{cfuncdesc}{void}{PyErr_NormalizeException}{PyObject**exc, PyObject**val, PyObject**tb} |
|
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|
830 Under certain circumstances, the values returned by |
| 7308 | 831 \cfunction{PyErr_Fetch()} below can be ``unnormalized'', meaning that |
| 832 \code{*\var{exc}} is a class object but \code{*\var{val}} is not an | |
| 833 instance of the same class. This function can be used to instantiate | |
| 834 the class in that case. If the values are already normalized, nothing | |
|
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|
835 happens. The delayed normalization is implemented to improve |
|
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|
836 performance. |
|
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837 \end{cfuncdesc} |
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838 |
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839 \begin{cfuncdesc}{void}{PyErr_Clear}{} |
|
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840 Clear the error indicator. If the error indicator is not set, there |
|
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841 is no effect. |
|
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842 \end{cfuncdesc} |
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|
843 |
|
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|
844 \begin{cfuncdesc}{void}{PyErr_Fetch}{PyObject **ptype, PyObject **pvalue, |
|
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845 PyObject **ptraceback} |
|
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846 Retrieve the error indicator into three variables whose addresses are |
|
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847 passed. If the error indicator is not set, set all three variables to |
|
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848 \NULL{}. If it is set, it will be cleared and you own a reference to |
|
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|
849 each object retrieved. The value and traceback object may be |
|
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|
850 \NULL{} even when the type object is not. \strong{Note:} This |
|
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|
851 function is normally only used by code that needs to handle exceptions |
|
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|
852 or by code that needs to save and restore the error indicator |
|
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853 temporarily. |
|
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854 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
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855 |
| 14279 | 856 \begin{cfuncdesc}{void}{PyErr_Restore}{PyObject *type, PyObject *value, |
| 857 PyObject *traceback} | |
|
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858 Set the error indicator from the three objects. If the error |
|
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|
859 indicator is already set, it is cleared first. If the objects are |
|
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860 \NULL{}, the error indicator is cleared. Do not pass a \NULL{} type |
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861 and non-\NULL{} value or traceback. The exception type should be a |
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862 string or class; if it is a class, the value should be an instance of |
|
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863 that class. Do not pass an invalid exception type or value. |
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|
864 (Violating these rules will cause subtle problems later.) This call |
| 14279 | 865 takes away a reference to each object, i.e.\ you must own a reference |
|
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|
866 to each object before the call and after the call you no longer own |
|
53cdf94b652b
Just another checkin for backup. Nothing substantial yet.
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|
867 these references. (If you don't understand this, don't use this |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
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|
868 function. I warned you.) \strong{Note:} This function is normally |
|
5588
53cdf94b652b
Just another checkin for backup. Nothing substantial yet.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
869 only used by code that needs to save and restore the error indicator |
|
53cdf94b652b
Just another checkin for backup. Nothing substantial yet.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
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|
870 temporarily. |
|
53cdf94b652b
Just another checkin for backup. Nothing substantial yet.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
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|
871 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
53cdf94b652b
Just another checkin for backup. Nothing substantial yet.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
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diff
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|
872 |
|
53cdf94b652b
Just another checkin for backup. Nothing substantial yet.
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|
873 \begin{cfuncdesc}{void}{PyErr_SetString}{PyObject *type, char *message} |
|
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Just another checkin for backup. Nothing substantial yet.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
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|
874 This is the most common way to set the error indicator. The first |
|
53cdf94b652b
Just another checkin for backup. Nothing substantial yet.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
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875 argument specifies the exception type; it is normally one of the |
|
8120
068fea15cbcd
Convert recent additions to use new, "logical" markup.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
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|
876 standard exceptions, e.g. \cdata{PyExc_RuntimeError}. You need not |
|
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Just another checkin for backup. Nothing substantial yet.
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parents:
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|
877 increment its reference count. The second argument is an error |
|
53cdf94b652b
Just another checkin for backup. Nothing substantial yet.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
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|
878 message; it is converted to a string object. |
|
53cdf94b652b
Just another checkin for backup. Nothing substantial yet.
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parents:
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|
879 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
53cdf94b652b
Just another checkin for backup. Nothing substantial yet.
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
880 |
|
53cdf94b652b
Just another checkin for backup. Nothing substantial yet.
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parents:
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diff
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|
881 \begin{cfuncdesc}{void}{PyErr_SetObject}{PyObject *type, PyObject *value} |
| 7308 | 882 This function is similar to \cfunction{PyErr_SetString()} but lets you |
|
5588
53cdf94b652b
Just another checkin for backup. Nothing substantial yet.
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parents:
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diff
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|
883 specify an arbitrary Python object for the ``value'' of the exception. |
|
53cdf94b652b
Just another checkin for backup. Nothing substantial yet.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
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|
884 You need not increment its reference count. |
|
53cdf94b652b
Just another checkin for backup. Nothing substantial yet.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
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|
885 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
53cdf94b652b
Just another checkin for backup. Nothing substantial yet.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
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|
886 |
|
12355
04802b7e8a1f
Yet another markup nit: functions that are part of the Python/C API
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|
887 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyErr_Format}{PyObject *exception, |
|
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Update documentation for PyErr_Format, because the function has changed.
Moshe Zadka <moshez@math.huji.ac.il>
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888 const char *format, \moreargs} |
|
15236
f1ade8ab1869
For PyErr_Format(), note that the exception parameter can be a string or
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
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diff
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|
889 This function sets the error indicator. \var{exception} should be a |
|
f1ade8ab1869
For PyErr_Format(), note that the exception parameter can be a string or
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
15087
diff
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|
890 Python exception (string or class, not an instance). |
|
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Fixed a bunch of typos caught by Gilles Civario.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
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|
891 \var{format} should be a string, containing format codes, similar to |
|
14347
2de1fb5302ed
Update documentation for PyErr_Format, because the function has changed.
Moshe Zadka <moshez@math.huji.ac.il>
parents:
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|
892 \cfunction{printf}. The \code{width.precision} before a format code |
|
2de1fb5302ed
Update documentation for PyErr_Format, because the function has changed.
Moshe Zadka <moshez@math.huji.ac.il>
parents:
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|
893 is parsed, but the width part is ignored. |
|
2de1fb5302ed
Update documentation for PyErr_Format, because the function has changed.
Moshe Zadka <moshez@math.huji.ac.il>
parents:
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|
894 |
|
2de1fb5302ed
Update documentation for PyErr_Format, because the function has changed.
Moshe Zadka <moshez@math.huji.ac.il>
parents:
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|
895 \begin{tableii}{c|l}{character}{Character}{Meaning} |
|
2de1fb5302ed
Update documentation for PyErr_Format, because the function has changed.
Moshe Zadka <moshez@math.huji.ac.il>
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|
896 \lineii{c}{Character, as an \ctype{int} parameter} |
|
2de1fb5302ed
Update documentation for PyErr_Format, because the function has changed.
Moshe Zadka <moshez@math.huji.ac.il>
parents:
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diff
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|
897 \lineii{d}{Number in decimal, as an \ctype{int} parameter} |
|
2de1fb5302ed
Update documentation for PyErr_Format, because the function has changed.
Moshe Zadka <moshez@math.huji.ac.il>
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|
898 \lineii{x}{Number in hexadecimal, as an \ctype{int} parameter} |
|
2de1fb5302ed
Update documentation for PyErr_Format, because the function has changed.
Moshe Zadka <moshez@math.huji.ac.il>
parents:
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|
899 \lineii{x}{A string, as a \ctype{char *} parameter} |
|
2de1fb5302ed
Update documentation for PyErr_Format, because the function has changed.
Moshe Zadka <moshez@math.huji.ac.il>
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|
900 \end{tableii} |
|
2de1fb5302ed
Update documentation for PyErr_Format, because the function has changed.
Moshe Zadka <moshez@math.huji.ac.il>
parents:
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|
901 |
|
2de1fb5302ed
Update documentation for PyErr_Format, because the function has changed.
Moshe Zadka <moshez@math.huji.ac.il>
parents:
14337
diff
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|
902 An unrecognized format character causes all the rest of |
|
2de1fb5302ed
Update documentation for PyErr_Format, because the function has changed.
Moshe Zadka <moshez@math.huji.ac.il>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
903 the format string to be copied as-is to the result string, |
|
2de1fb5302ed
Update documentation for PyErr_Format, because the function has changed.
Moshe Zadka <moshez@math.huji.ac.il>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
904 and any extra arguments discarded. |
|
2de1fb5302ed
Update documentation for PyErr_Format, because the function has changed.
Moshe Zadka <moshez@math.huji.ac.il>
parents:
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|
905 |
|
2de1fb5302ed
Update documentation for PyErr_Format, because the function has changed.
Moshe Zadka <moshez@math.huji.ac.il>
parents:
14337
diff
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|
906 A new reference is returned, which is owned by the caller. |
|
12353
54e80db49423
document PyErr_Format
Jeremy Hylton <jeremy@alum.mit.edu>
parents:
12258
diff
changeset
|
907 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
54e80db49423
document PyErr_Format
Jeremy Hylton <jeremy@alum.mit.edu>
parents:
12258
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|
908 |
|
5588
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Just another checkin for backup. Nothing substantial yet.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
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|
909 \begin{cfuncdesc}{void}{PyErr_SetNone}{PyObject *type} |
| 7308 | 910 This is a shorthand for \samp{PyErr_SetObject(\var{type}, Py_None)}. |
|
5588
53cdf94b652b
Just another checkin for backup. Nothing substantial yet.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
5536
diff
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|
911 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
53cdf94b652b
Just another checkin for backup. Nothing substantial yet.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
912 |
|
53cdf94b652b
Just another checkin for backup. Nothing substantial yet.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
913 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyErr_BadArgument}{} |
| 7308 | 914 This is a shorthand for \samp{PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, |
|
5588
53cdf94b652b
Just another checkin for backup. Nothing substantial yet.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
915 \var{message})}, where \var{message} indicates that a built-in operation |
|
53cdf94b652b
Just another checkin for backup. Nothing substantial yet.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
5536
diff
changeset
|
916 was invoked with an illegal argument. It is mostly for internal use. |
|
53cdf94b652b
Just another checkin for backup. Nothing substantial yet.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
5536
diff
changeset
|
917 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
53cdf94b652b
Just another checkin for backup. Nothing substantial yet.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
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changeset
|
918 |
| 7782 | 919 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyErr_NoMemory}{} |
| 7308 | 920 This is a shorthand for \samp{PyErr_SetNone(PyExc_MemoryError)}; it |
|
5588
53cdf94b652b
Just another checkin for backup. Nothing substantial yet.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
921 returns \NULL{} so an object allocation function can write |
| 7308 | 922 \samp{return PyErr_NoMemory();} when it runs out of memory. |
|
5588
53cdf94b652b
Just another checkin for backup. Nothing substantial yet.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
923 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
53cdf94b652b
Just another checkin for backup. Nothing substantial yet.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
5536
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changeset
|
924 |
| 7782 | 925 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyErr_SetFromErrno}{PyObject *type} |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
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changeset
|
926 This is a convenience function to raise an exception when a C library |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
927 function has returned an error and set the C variable \cdata{errno}. |
|
5588
53cdf94b652b
Just another checkin for backup. Nothing substantial yet.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
928 It constructs a tuple object whose first item is the integer |
|
8120
068fea15cbcd
Convert recent additions to use new, "logical" markup.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
8109
diff
changeset
|
929 \cdata{errno} value and whose second item is the corresponding error |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
930 message (gotten from \cfunction{strerror()}\ttindex{strerror()}), and |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
931 then calls |
| 7308 | 932 \samp{PyErr_SetObject(\var{type}, \var{object})}. On \UNIX{}, when |
|
8120
068fea15cbcd
Convert recent additions to use new, "logical" markup.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
8109
diff
changeset
|
933 the \cdata{errno} value is \constant{EINTR}, indicating an interrupted |
| 7308 | 934 system call, this calls \cfunction{PyErr_CheckSignals()}, and if that set |
|
5588
53cdf94b652b
Just another checkin for backup. Nothing substantial yet.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
5536
diff
changeset
|
935 the error indicator, leaves it set to that. The function always |
|
53cdf94b652b
Just another checkin for backup. Nothing substantial yet.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
5536
diff
changeset
|
936 returns \NULL{}, so a wrapper function around a system call can write |
| 7308 | 937 \samp{return PyErr_SetFromErrno();} when the system call returns an |
| 938 error. | |
|
5588
53cdf94b652b
Just another checkin for backup. Nothing substantial yet.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
5536
diff
changeset
|
939 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
53cdf94b652b
Just another checkin for backup. Nothing substantial yet.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
5536
diff
changeset
|
940 |
|
53cdf94b652b
Just another checkin for backup. Nothing substantial yet.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
5536
diff
changeset
|
941 \begin{cfuncdesc}{void}{PyErr_BadInternalCall}{} |
| 7308 | 942 This is a shorthand for \samp{PyErr_SetString(PyExc_TypeError, |
|
5588
53cdf94b652b
Just another checkin for backup. Nothing substantial yet.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
5536
diff
changeset
|
943 \var{message})}, where \var{message} indicates that an internal |
|
6084
0aa62cbed9f8
Consistently change Python-C API to Python/C API; added lots of new
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6074
diff
changeset
|
944 operation (e.g. a Python/C API function) was invoked with an illegal |
|
5588
53cdf94b652b
Just another checkin for backup. Nothing substantial yet.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
5536
diff
changeset
|
945 argument. It is mostly for internal use. |
|
53cdf94b652b
Just another checkin for backup. Nothing substantial yet.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
5536
diff
changeset
|
946 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
53cdf94b652b
Just another checkin for backup. Nothing substantial yet.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
5536
diff
changeset
|
947 |
|
15613
35749a557f1e
Document Pyerr_Warn().
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
15453
diff
changeset
|
948 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyErr_Warn}{PyObject *category, char *message} |
|
35749a557f1e
Document Pyerr_Warn().
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
15453
diff
changeset
|
949 Issue a warning message. The \var{category} argument is a warning |
|
16053
aca05d75d232
Fixed a bunch of typos caught by Gilles Civario.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
15953
diff
changeset
|
950 category (see below) or \NULL; the \var{message} argument is a message |
|
15613
35749a557f1e
Document Pyerr_Warn().
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
15453
diff
changeset
|
951 string. |
|
35749a557f1e
Document Pyerr_Warn().
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
15453
diff
changeset
|
952 |
|
35749a557f1e
Document Pyerr_Warn().
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
15453
diff
changeset
|
953 This function normally prints a warning message to \var{sys.stderr}; |
|
35749a557f1e
Document Pyerr_Warn().
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
15453
diff
changeset
|
954 however, it is also possible that the user has specified that warnings |
|
35749a557f1e
Document Pyerr_Warn().
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
15453
diff
changeset
|
955 are to be turned into errors, and in that case this will raise an |
|
35749a557f1e
Document Pyerr_Warn().
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
15453
diff
changeset
|
956 exception. It is also possible that the function raises an exception |
|
35749a557f1e
Document Pyerr_Warn().
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
15453
diff
changeset
|
957 because of a problem with the warning machinery (the implementation |
|
35749a557f1e
Document Pyerr_Warn().
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
15453
diff
changeset
|
958 imports the \module{warnings} module to do the heavy lifting). The |
|
35749a557f1e
Document Pyerr_Warn().
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
15453
diff
changeset
|
959 return value is \code{0} if no exception is raised, or \code{-1} if |
|
35749a557f1e
Document Pyerr_Warn().
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
15453
diff
changeset
|
960 an exception is raised. (It is not possible to determine whether a |
|
35749a557f1e
Document Pyerr_Warn().
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
15453
diff
changeset
|
961 warning message is actually printed, nor what the reason is for the |
|
35749a557f1e
Document Pyerr_Warn().
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
15453
diff
changeset
|
962 exception; this is intentional.) If an exception is raised, the |
|
16053
aca05d75d232
Fixed a bunch of typos caught by Gilles Civario.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
15953
diff
changeset
|
963 caller should do its normal exception handling |
|
aca05d75d232
Fixed a bunch of typos caught by Gilles Civario.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
15953
diff
changeset
|
964 (e.g. \cfunction{Py_DECREF()} owned references and return an error |
|
aca05d75d232
Fixed a bunch of typos caught by Gilles Civario.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
15953
diff
changeset
|
965 value). |
|
15613
35749a557f1e
Document Pyerr_Warn().
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
15453
diff
changeset
|
966 |
|
35749a557f1e
Document Pyerr_Warn().
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
15453
diff
changeset
|
967 Warning categories must be subclasses of \cdata{Warning}; the default |
|
35749a557f1e
Document Pyerr_Warn().
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
15453
diff
changeset
|
968 warning category is \cdata{RuntimeWarning}. The standard Python |
|
35749a557f1e
Document Pyerr_Warn().
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
15453
diff
changeset
|
969 warning categories are available as global variables whose names are |
|
35749a557f1e
Document Pyerr_Warn().
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
15453
diff
changeset
|
970 \samp{PyExc_} followed by the Python exception name. These have the |
|
35749a557f1e
Document Pyerr_Warn().
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
15453
diff
changeset
|
971 type \ctype{PyObject*}; they are all class objects. Their names are |
|
35749a557f1e
Document Pyerr_Warn().
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
15453
diff
changeset
|
972 \cdata{PyExc_Warning}, \cdata{PyExc_UserWarning}, |
|
35749a557f1e
Document Pyerr_Warn().
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
15453
diff
changeset
|
973 \cdata{PyExc_DeprecationWarning}, \cdata{PyExc_SyntaxWarning}, and |
|
35749a557f1e
Document Pyerr_Warn().
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
15453
diff
changeset
|
974 \cdata{PyExc_RuntimeWarning}. \cdata{PyExc_Warning} is a subclass of |
|
35749a557f1e
Document Pyerr_Warn().
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
15453
diff
changeset
|
975 \cdata{PyExc_Exception}; the other warning categories are subclasses |
|
35749a557f1e
Document Pyerr_Warn().
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
15453
diff
changeset
|
976 of \cdata{PyExc_Warning}. |
|
35749a557f1e
Document Pyerr_Warn().
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
15453
diff
changeset
|
977 |
|
35749a557f1e
Document Pyerr_Warn().
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
15453
diff
changeset
|
978 For information about warning control, see the documentation for the |
|
15733
00c6855d742a
Markup nit: Command line options should be marked with \programopt.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
15613
diff
changeset
|
979 \module{warnings} module and the \programopt{-W} option in the command |
|
00c6855d742a
Markup nit: Command line options should be marked with \programopt.
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|
980 line documentation. There is no C API for warning control. |
|
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|
981 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
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|
982 |
|
16872
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diff
changeset
|
983 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyErr_WarnExplicit}{PyObject *category, char *message, |
|
5280e8439d55
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|
984 char *filename, int lineno, char *module, PyObject *registry} |
|
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|
985 Issue a warning message with explicit control over all warning |
|
5280e8439d55
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Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
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diff
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|
986 attributes. This is a straightforward wrapper around the Python |
|
5280e8439d55
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|
987 function \function{warnings.warn_explicit()}, see there for more |
|
5280e8439d55
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|
988 information. The \var{module} and \var{registry} arguments may be |
|
5280e8439d55
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diff
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|
989 set to \code{NULL} to get the default effect described there. |
|
5280e8439d55
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diff
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|
990 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
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|
991 |
|
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|
992 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyErr_CheckSignals}{} |
|
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|
993 This function interacts with Python's signal handling. It checks |
|
53cdf94b652b
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diff
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|
994 whether a signal has been sent to the processes and if so, invokes the |
|
7310
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Place C typedef for Py_complex after brief description, to be more consistent
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
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|
995 corresponding signal handler. If the |
|
6095a472f574
Place C typedef for Py_complex after brief description, to be more consistent
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diff
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|
996 \module{signal}\refbimodindex{signal} module is supported, this can |
|
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diff
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|
997 invoke a signal handler written in Python. In all cases, the default |
|
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|
998 effect for \constant{SIGINT}\ttindex{SIGINT} is to raise the |
|
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|
999 \withsubitem{(built-in exception)}{\ttindex{KeyboardInterrupt}} |
|
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|
1000 \exception{KeyboardInterrupt} exception. If an exception is raised the |
| 7308 | 1001 error indicator is set and the function returns \code{1}; otherwise |
| 1002 the function returns \code{0}. The error indicator may or may not be | |
| 1003 cleared if it was previously set. | |
|
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|
1004 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
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|
1005 |
|
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diff
changeset
|
1006 \begin{cfuncdesc}{void}{PyErr_SetInterrupt}{} |
|
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|
1007 This function is obsolete. It simulates the effect of a |
|
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|
1008 \constant{SIGINT}\ttindex{SIGINT} signal arriving --- the next time |
| 7308 | 1009 \cfunction{PyErr_CheckSignals()} is called, |
|
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|
1010 \withsubitem{(built-in exception)}{\ttindex{KeyboardInterrupt}} |
|
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|
1011 \exception{KeyboardInterrupt} will be raised. |
|
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|
1012 It may be called without holding the interpreter lock. |
|
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|
1013 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
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|
1014 |
| 7782 | 1015 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyErr_NewException}{char *name, |
| 1016 PyObject *base, | |
| 1017 PyObject *dict} | |
|
6382
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changeset
|
1018 This utility function creates and returns a new exception object. The |
|
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|
1019 \var{name} argument must be the name of the new exception, a C string |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
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Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
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|
1020 of the form \code{module.class}. The \var{base} and |
|
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Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
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|
1021 \var{dict} arguments are normally \NULL{}. This creates a |
|
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changeset
|
1022 class object derived from the root for all exceptions, the built-in |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
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Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
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changeset
|
1023 name \exception{Exception} (accessible in C as |
|
13150
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Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
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|
1024 \cdata{PyExc_Exception}). The \member{__module__} attribute of the |
|
f1f4d822e761
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Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
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changeset
|
1025 new class is set to the first part (up to the last dot) of the |
|
f1f4d822e761
Update comments relating to the removal of the -X option and of string
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
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|
1026 \var{name} argument, and the class name is set to the last part (after |
|
f1f4d822e761
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Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
1027 the last dot). The \var{base} argument can be used to specify an |
|
f1f4d822e761
Update comments relating to the removal of the -X option and of string
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
1028 alternate base class. The \var{dict} argument can be used to specify |
|
f1f4d822e761
Update comments relating to the removal of the -X option and of string
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
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|
1029 a dictionary of class variables and methods. |
|
6382
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changeset
|
1030 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
16cd39805fd5
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changeset
|
1031 |
|
14330
6dee1985c681
refactor __del__ exception handler into PyErr_WriteUnraisable
Jeremy Hylton <jeremy@alum.mit.edu>
parents:
14279
diff
changeset
|
1032 \begin{cfuncdesc}{void}{PyErr_WriteUnraisable}{PyObject *obj} |
|
6dee1985c681
refactor __del__ exception handler into PyErr_WriteUnraisable
Jeremy Hylton <jeremy@alum.mit.edu>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1033 This utility function prints a warning message to \var{sys.stderr} |
|
6dee1985c681
refactor __del__ exception handler into PyErr_WriteUnraisable
Jeremy Hylton <jeremy@alum.mit.edu>
parents:
14279
diff
changeset
|
1034 when an exception has been set but it is impossible for the |
|
6dee1985c681
refactor __del__ exception handler into PyErr_WriteUnraisable
Jeremy Hylton <jeremy@alum.mit.edu>
parents:
14279
diff
changeset
|
1035 interpreter to actually raise the exception. It is used, for example, |
|
6dee1985c681
refactor __del__ exception handler into PyErr_WriteUnraisable
Jeremy Hylton <jeremy@alum.mit.edu>
parents:
14279
diff
changeset
|
1036 when an exception occurs in an \member{__del__} method. |
|
6dee1985c681
refactor __del__ exception handler into PyErr_WriteUnraisable
Jeremy Hylton <jeremy@alum.mit.edu>
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14279
diff
changeset
|
1037 |
|
6dee1985c681
refactor __del__ exception handler into PyErr_WriteUnraisable
Jeremy Hylton <jeremy@alum.mit.edu>
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14279
diff
changeset
|
1038 The function is called with a single argument \var{obj} that |
|
6dee1985c681
refactor __del__ exception handler into PyErr_WriteUnraisable
Jeremy Hylton <jeremy@alum.mit.edu>
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14279
diff
changeset
|
1039 identifies where the context in which the unraisable exception |
|
6dee1985c681
refactor __del__ exception handler into PyErr_WriteUnraisable
Jeremy Hylton <jeremy@alum.mit.edu>
parents:
14279
diff
changeset
|
1040 occurred. The repr of \var{obj} will be printed in the warning |
|
6dee1985c681
refactor __del__ exception handler into PyErr_WriteUnraisable
Jeremy Hylton <jeremy@alum.mit.edu>
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14279
diff
changeset
|
1041 message. |
|
6dee1985c681
refactor __del__ exception handler into PyErr_WriteUnraisable
Jeremy Hylton <jeremy@alum.mit.edu>
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14279
diff
changeset
|
1042 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
6382
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Checkpoint. Added docs for the new exception handling APIs and for
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
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changeset
|
1043 |
| 10163 | 1044 \section{Standard Exceptions \label{standardExceptions}} |
|
5588
53cdf94b652b
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Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
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|
1045 |
|
53cdf94b652b
Just another checkin for backup. Nothing substantial yet.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
5536
diff
changeset
|
1046 All standard Python exceptions are available as global variables whose |
|
12222
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Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1047 names are \samp{PyExc_} followed by the Python exception name. These |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1048 have the type \ctype{PyObject*}; they are all class objects. For |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1049 completeness, here are all the variables: |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1050 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
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diff
changeset
|
1051 \begin{tableiii}{l|l|c}{cdata}{C Name}{Python Name}{Notes} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1052 \lineiii{PyExc_Exception}{\exception{Exception}}{(1)} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1053 \lineiii{PyExc_StandardError}{\exception{StandardError}}{(1)} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1054 \lineiii{PyExc_ArithmeticError}{\exception{ArithmeticError}}{(1)} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1055 \lineiii{PyExc_LookupError}{\exception{LookupError}}{(1)} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
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parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1056 \lineiii{PyExc_AssertionError}{\exception{AssertionError}}{} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1057 \lineiii{PyExc_AttributeError}{\exception{AttributeError}}{} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1058 \lineiii{PyExc_EOFError}{\exception{EOFError}}{} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1059 \lineiii{PyExc_EnvironmentError}{\exception{EnvironmentError}}{(1)} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1060 \lineiii{PyExc_FloatingPointError}{\exception{FloatingPointError}}{} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1061 \lineiii{PyExc_IOError}{\exception{IOError}}{} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1062 \lineiii{PyExc_ImportError}{\exception{ImportError}}{} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1063 \lineiii{PyExc_IndexError}{\exception{IndexError}}{} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1064 \lineiii{PyExc_KeyError}{\exception{KeyError}}{} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
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diff
changeset
|
1065 \lineiii{PyExc_KeyboardInterrupt}{\exception{KeyboardInterrupt}}{} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1066 \lineiii{PyExc_MemoryError}{\exception{MemoryError}}{} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
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diff
changeset
|
1067 \lineiii{PyExc_NameError}{\exception{NameError}}{} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
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changeset
|
1068 \lineiii{PyExc_NotImplementedError}{\exception{NotImplementedError}}{} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
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diff
changeset
|
1069 \lineiii{PyExc_OSError}{\exception{OSError}}{} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
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diff
changeset
|
1070 \lineiii{PyExc_OverflowError}{\exception{OverflowError}}{} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
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diff
changeset
|
1071 \lineiii{PyExc_RuntimeError}{\exception{RuntimeError}}{} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
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diff
changeset
|
1072 \lineiii{PyExc_SyntaxError}{\exception{SyntaxError}}{} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1073 \lineiii{PyExc_SystemError}{\exception{SystemError}}{} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
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changeset
|
1074 \lineiii{PyExc_SystemExit}{\exception{SystemExit}}{} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
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diff
changeset
|
1075 \lineiii{PyExc_TypeError}{\exception{TypeError}}{} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
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diff
changeset
|
1076 \lineiii{PyExc_ValueError}{\exception{ValueError}}{} |
| 13929 | 1077 \lineiii{PyExc_WindowsError}{\exception{WindowsError}}{(2)} |
|
12222
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changeset
|
1078 \lineiii{PyExc_ZeroDivisionError}{\exception{ZeroDivisionError}}{} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
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diff
changeset
|
1079 \end{tableiii} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
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diff
changeset
|
1080 |
|
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changeset
|
1081 \noindent |
| 13929 | 1082 Notes: |
|
12222
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changeset
|
1083 \begin{description} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
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changeset
|
1084 \item[(1)] |
|
13150
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diff
changeset
|
1085 This is a base class for other standard exceptions. |
| 13929 | 1086 |
| 1087 \item[(2)] | |
| 1088 Only defined on Windows; protect code that uses this by testing that | |
| 1089 the preprocessor macro \code{MS_WINDOWS} is defined. | |
|
12222
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diff
changeset
|
1090 \end{description} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
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diff
changeset
|
1091 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
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diff
changeset
|
1092 |
|
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|
1093 \section{Deprecation of String Exceptions} |
|
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|
1094 |
|
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|
1095 All exceptions built into Python or provided in the standard library |
|
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|
1096 are derived from \exception{Exception}. |
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1097 \withsubitem{(built-in exception)}{\ttindex{Exception}} |
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|
1098 |
|
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|
1099 String exceptions are still supported in the interpreter to allow |
|
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|
1100 existing code to run unmodified, but this will also change in a future |
|
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|
1101 release. |
|
5588
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1102 |
|
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|
1103 |
| 10163 | 1104 \chapter{Utilities \label{utilities}} |
|
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1105 |
|
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|
1106 The functions in this chapter perform various utility tasks, such as |
|
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|
1107 parsing function arguments and constructing Python values from C |
|
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|
1108 values. |
|
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|
1109 |
| 10163 | 1110 \section{OS Utilities \label{os}} |
|
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1111 |
|
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|
1112 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{Py_FdIsInteractive}{FILE *fp, char *filename} |
| 7308 | 1113 Return true (nonzero) if the standard I/O file \var{fp} with name |
| 1114 \var{filename} is deemed interactive. This is the case for files for | |
| 1115 which \samp{isatty(fileno(\var{fp}))} is true. If the global flag | |
|
8120
068fea15cbcd
Convert recent additions to use new, "logical" markup.
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|
1116 \cdata{Py_InteractiveFlag} is true, this function also returns true if |
|
16053
aca05d75d232
Fixed a bunch of typos caught by Gilles Civario.
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|
1117 the \var{filename} pointer is \NULL{} or if the name is equal to one of |
|
12930
6618325574cb
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1118 the strings \code{'<stdin>'} or \code{'???'}. |
|
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|
1119 \end{cfuncdesc} |
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1120 |
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1121 \begin{cfuncdesc}{long}{PyOS_GetLastModificationTime}{char *filename} |
| 7308 | 1122 Return the time of last modification of the file \var{filename}. |
|
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1123 The result is encoded in the same way as the timestamp returned by |
|
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1124 the standard C library function \cfunction{time()}. |
|
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|
1125 \end{cfuncdesc} |
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1126 |
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1127 \begin{cfuncdesc}{void}{PyOS_AfterFork}{} |
|
b00744237877
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|
1128 Function to update some internal state after a process fork; this |
|
b00744237877
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|
1129 should be called in the new process if the Python interpreter will |
|
b00744237877
Added documentation for PyOS_AfterFork().
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|
1130 continue to be used. If a new executable is loaded into the new |
|
b00744237877
Added documentation for PyOS_AfterFork().
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|
1131 process, this function does not need to be called. |
|
b00744237877
Added documentation for PyOS_AfterFork().
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|
1132 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
b00744237877
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|
1133 |
| 14279 | 1134 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyOS_CheckStack}{} |
| 1135 Return true when the interpreter runs out of stack space. This is a | |
| 1136 reliable check, but is only available when \code{USE_STACKCHECK} is | |
| 1137 defined (currently on Windows using the Microsoft Visual C++ compiler | |
| 1138 and on the Macintosh). \code{USE_CHECKSTACK} will be defined | |
| 1139 automatically; you should never change the definition in your own | |
| 1140 code. | |
| 1141 \end{cfuncdesc} | |
| 1142 | |
|
14635
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Document new APIs PyOS_getsig() and PyOS_setsig().
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|
1143 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyOS_sighandler_t}{PyOS_getsig}{int i} |
|
db9ea5b5f337
Document new APIs PyOS_getsig() and PyOS_setsig().
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|
1144 Return the current signal handler for signal \var{i}. |
|
db9ea5b5f337
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|
1145 This is a thin wrapper around either \cfunction{sigaction} or |
|
db9ea5b5f337
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|
1146 \cfunction{signal}. Do not call those functions directly! |
|
db9ea5b5f337
Document new APIs PyOS_getsig() and PyOS_setsig().
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|
1147 \ctype{PyOS_sighandler_t} is a typedef alias for \ctype{void (*)(int)}. |
|
db9ea5b5f337
Document new APIs PyOS_getsig() and PyOS_setsig().
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|
1148 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
db9ea5b5f337
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|
1149 |
|
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|
1150 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyOS_sighandler_t}{PyOS_setsig}{int i, PyOS_sighandler_t h} |
|
db9ea5b5f337
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|
1151 Set the signal handler for signal \var{i} to be \var{h}; |
|
db9ea5b5f337
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|
1152 return the old signal handler. |
|
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|
1153 This is a thin wrapper around either \cfunction{sigaction} or |
|
db9ea5b5f337
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|
1154 \cfunction{signal}. Do not call those functions directly! |
|
db9ea5b5f337
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|
1155 \ctype{PyOS_sighandler_t} is a typedef alias for \ctype{void (*)(int)}. |
|
db9ea5b5f337
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|
1156 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
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|
1157 |
|
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|
1158 |
| 10163 | 1159 \section{Process Control \label{processControl}} |
|
7269
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|
1160 |
|
682d3e5b267f
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|
1161 \begin{cfuncdesc}{void}{Py_FatalError}{char *message} |
|
682d3e5b267f
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|
1162 Print a fatal error message and kill the process. No cleanup is |
|
682d3e5b267f
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|
1163 performed. This function should only be invoked when a condition is |
|
682d3e5b267f
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|
1164 detected that would make it dangerous to continue using the Python |
|
682d3e5b267f
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|
1165 interpreter; e.g., when the object administration appears to be |
|
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|
1166 corrupted. On \UNIX{}, the standard C library function |
|
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|
1167 \cfunction{abort()}\ttindex{abort()} is called which will attempt to |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
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|
1168 produce a \file{core} file. |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
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|
1169 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
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|
1170 |
|
682d3e5b267f
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|
1171 \begin{cfuncdesc}{void}{Py_Exit}{int status} |
|
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|
1172 Exit the current process. This calls |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
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|
1173 \cfunction{Py_Finalize()}\ttindex{Py_Finalize()} and |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
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|
1174 then calls the standard C library function |
|
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|
1175 \code{exit(\var{status})}\ttindex{exit()}. |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
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|
1176 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
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|
1177 |
|
682d3e5b267f
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|
1178 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{Py_AtExit}{void (*func) ()} |
|
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|
1179 Register a cleanup function to be called by |
|
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|
1180 \cfunction{Py_Finalize()}\ttindex{Py_Finalize()}. |
|
7269
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|
1181 The cleanup function will be called with no arguments and should |
|
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|
1182 return no value. At most 32 \index{cleanup functions}cleanup |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
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|
1183 functions can be registered. |
|
7269
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|
1184 When the registration is successful, \cfunction{Py_AtExit()} returns |
|
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|
1185 \code{0}; on failure, it returns \code{-1}. The cleanup function |
|
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|
1186 registered last is called first. Each cleanup function will be called |
|
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|
1187 at most once. Since Python's internal finallization will have |
|
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|
1188 completed before the cleanup function, no Python APIs should be called |
|
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|
1189 by \var{func}. |
|
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|
1190 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
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1191 |
|
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1192 |
| 10163 | 1193 \section{Importing Modules \label{importing}} |
|
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|
1194 |
| 7782 | 1195 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyImport_ImportModule}{char *name} |
|
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|
1196 This is a simplified interface to |
|
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|
1197 \cfunction{PyImport_ImportModuleEx()} below, leaving the |
|
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|
1198 \var{globals} and \var{locals} arguments set to \NULL{}. When the |
|
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|
1199 \var{name} argument contains a dot (i.e., when it specifies a |
|
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|
1200 submodule of a package), the \var{fromlist} argument is set to the |
|
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|
1201 list \code{['*']} so that the return value is the named module rather |
|
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|
1202 than the top-level package containing it as would otherwise be the |
|
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|
1203 case. (Unfortunately, this has an additional side effect when |
|
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|
1204 \var{name} in fact specifies a subpackage instead of a submodule: the |
|
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|
1205 submodules specified in the package's \code{__all__} variable are |
|
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|
1206 \index{package variable!\code{__all__}} |
|
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|
1207 \withsubitem{(package variable)}{\ttindex{__all__}}loaded.) Return a |
|
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|
1208 new reference to the imported module, or |
|
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|
1209 \NULL{} with an exception set on failure (the module may still be |
|
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|
1210 created in this case --- examine \code{sys.modules} to find out). |
|
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|
1211 \withsubitem{(in module sys)}{\ttindex{modules}} |
|
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1212 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
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1213 |
| 7782 | 1214 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyImport_ImportModuleEx}{char *name, PyObject *globals, PyObject *locals, PyObject *fromlist} |
|
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|
1215 Import a module. This is best described by referring to the built-in |
|
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|
1216 Python function \function{__import__()}\bifuncindex{__import__}, as |
|
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|
1217 the standard \function{__import__()} function calls this function |
|
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|
1218 directly. |
|
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|
1219 |
|
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|
1220 The return value is a new reference to the imported module or |
|
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Several changes, e.g. restructuring of the intro to be closer to what
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|
1221 top-level package, or \NULL{} with an exception set on failure |
|
6390
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Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
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|
1222 (the module may still be created in this case). Like for |
| 7308 | 1223 \function{__import__()}, the return value when a submodule of a |
| 1224 package was requested is normally the top-level package, unless a | |
| 1225 non-empty \var{fromlist} was given. | |
|
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|
1226 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
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1227 |
| 7782 | 1228 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyImport_Import}{PyObject *name} |
|
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|
1229 This is a higher-level interface that calls the current ``import hook |
| 7308 | 1230 function''. It invokes the \function{__import__()} function from the |
|
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|
1231 \code{__builtins__} of the current globals. This means that the |
|
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|
1232 import is done using whatever import hooks are installed in the |
|
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Place C typedef for Py_complex after brief description, to be more consistent
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|
1233 current environment, e.g. by \module{rexec}\refstmodindex{rexec} or |
|
6095a472f574
Place C typedef for Py_complex after brief description, to be more consistent
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|
1234 \module{ihooks}\refstmodindex{ihooks}. |
|
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|
1235 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
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1236 |
| 7782 | 1237 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyImport_ReloadModule}{PyObject *m} |
|
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|
1238 Reload a module. This is best described by referring to the built-in |
|
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|
1239 Python function \function{reload()}\bifuncindex{reload}, as the standard |
| 7308 | 1240 \function{reload()} function calls this function directly. Return a |
| 1241 new reference to the reloaded module, or \NULL{} with an exception set | |
| 1242 on failure (the module still exists in this case). | |
|
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|
1243 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
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1244 |
| 7782 | 1245 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyImport_AddModule}{char *name} |
|
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|
1246 Return the module object corresponding to a module name. The |
|
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|
1247 \var{name} argument may be of the form \code{package.module}). First |
|
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|
1248 check the modules dictionary if there's one there, and if not, create |
|
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|
1249 a new one and insert in in the modules dictionary. |
|
9476
1ea6d2356e52
Warn that AddModule doesn't import the module.
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|
1250 Warning: this function does not load or import the module; if the |
|
1ea6d2356e52
Warn that AddModule doesn't import the module.
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|
1251 module wasn't already loaded, you will get an empty module object. |
|
1ea6d2356e52
Warn that AddModule doesn't import the module.
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|
1252 Use \cfunction{PyImport_ImportModule()} or one of its variants to |
|
1ea6d2356e52
Warn that AddModule doesn't import the module.
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|
1253 import a module. |
|
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1254 Return \NULL{} with an exception set on failure. |
|
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|
1255 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
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|
1256 |
| 7782 | 1257 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyImport_ExecCodeModule}{char *name, PyObject *co} |
|
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|
1258 Given a module name (possibly of the form \code{package.module}) and a |
|
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|
1259 code object read from a Python bytecode file or obtained from the |
|
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|
1260 built-in function \function{compile()}\bifuncindex{compile}, load the |
|
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1261 module. Return a new reference to the module object, or \NULL{} with |
|
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|
1262 an exception set if an error occurred (the module may still be created |
|
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1263 in this case). (This function would reload the module if it was |
|
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|
1264 already imported.) |
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1265 \end{cfuncdesc} |
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1266 |
|
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|
1267 \begin{cfuncdesc}{long}{PyImport_GetMagicNumber}{} |
|
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1268 Return the magic number for Python bytecode files (a.k.a. |
|
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1269 \file{.pyc} and \file{.pyo} files). The magic number should be |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
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|
1270 present in the first four bytes of the bytecode file, in little-endian |
|
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|
1271 byte order. |
|
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1272 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
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1273 |
| 7782 | 1274 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyImport_GetModuleDict}{} |
|
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1275 Return the dictionary used for the module administration |
|
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1276 (a.k.a. \code{sys.modules}). Note that this is a per-interpreter |
|
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1277 variable. |
|
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1278 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
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1279 |
|
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1280 \begin{cfuncdesc}{void}{_PyImport_Init}{} |
|
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|
1281 Initialize the import mechanism. For internal use only. |
|
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1282 \end{cfuncdesc} |
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1283 |
|
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|
1284 \begin{cfuncdesc}{void}{PyImport_Cleanup}{} |
|
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1285 Empty the module table. For internal use only. |
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1286 \end{cfuncdesc} |
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1287 |
|
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1288 \begin{cfuncdesc}{void}{_PyImport_Fini}{} |
|
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|
1289 Finalize the import mechanism. For internal use only. |
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1290 \end{cfuncdesc} |
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1291 |
| 7782 | 1292 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{_PyImport_FindExtension}{char *, char *} |
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1293 For internal use only. |
|
6991
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A whole bunch of typos fixed by Andrew Kuchling.
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1294 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
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|
1295 |
| 7782 | 1296 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{_PyImport_FixupExtension}{char *, char *} |
|
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1297 For internal use only. |
|
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1298 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
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1299 |
| 12947 | 1300 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyImport_ImportFrozenModule}{char *name} |
| 1301 Load a frozen module named \var{name}. Return \code{1} for success, | |
| 1302 \code{0} if the module is not found, and \code{-1} with an exception | |
| 1303 set if the initialization failed. To access the imported module on a | |
| 1304 successful load, use \cfunction{PyImport_ImportModule()}. | |
| 7308 | 1305 (Note the misnomer --- this function would reload the module if it was |
|
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1306 already imported.) |
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1307 \end{cfuncdesc} |
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1308 |
|
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1309 \begin{ctypedesc}[_frozen]{struct _frozen} |
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1310 This is the structure type definition for frozen module descriptors, |
| 7782 | 1311 as generated by the \program{freeze}\index{freeze utility} utility |
| 1312 (see \file{Tools/freeze/} in the Python source distribution). Its | |
|
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1313 definition, found in \file{Include/import.h}, is: |
| 7782 | 1314 |
|
6417
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1315 \begin{verbatim} |
|
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1316 struct _frozen { |
| 6480 | 1317 char *name; |
| 1318 unsigned char *code; | |
| 1319 int size; | |
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1320 }; |
|
6417
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|
1321 \end{verbatim} |
|
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1322 \end{ctypedesc} |
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1323 |
| 7782 | 1324 \begin{cvardesc}{struct _frozen*}{PyImport_FrozenModules} |
|
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1325 This pointer is initialized to point to an array of \ctype{struct |
|
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1326 _frozen} records, terminated by one whose members are all |
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1327 \NULL{} or zero. When a frozen module is imported, it is searched in |
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1328 this table. Third-party code could play tricks with this to provide a |
|
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1329 dynamically created collection of frozen modules. |
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1330 \end{cvardesc} |
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1331 |
|
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1332 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyImport_AppendInittab}{char *name, |
|
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1333 void (*initfunc)(void)} |
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1334 Add a single module to the existing table of built-in modules. This |
|
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1335 is a convenience wrapper around \cfunction{PyImport_ExtendInittab()}, |
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1336 returning \code{-1} if the table could not be extended. The new |
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1337 module can be imported by the name \var{name}, and uses the function |
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1338 \var{initfunc} as the initialization function called on the first |
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1339 attempted import. This should be called before |
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1340 \cfunction{Py_Initialize()}. |
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1341 \end{cfuncdesc} |
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1342 |
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1343 \begin{ctypedesc}[_inittab]{struct _inittab} |
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1344 Structure describing a single entry in the list of built-in modules. |
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1345 Each of these structures gives the name and initialization function |
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1346 for a module built into the interpreter. Programs which embed Python |
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1347 may use an array of these structures in conjunction with |
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1348 \cfunction{PyImport_ExtendInittab()} to provide additional built-in |
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1349 modules. The structure is defined in \file{Include/import.h} as: |
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1350 |
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1351 \begin{verbatim} |
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1352 struct _inittab { |
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1353 char *name; |
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1354 void (*initfunc)(void); |
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1355 }; |
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1356 \end{verbatim} |
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1357 \end{ctypedesc} |
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1358 |
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1359 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyImport_ExtendInittab}{struct _inittab *newtab} |
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1360 Add a collection of modules to the table of built-in modules. The |
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1361 \var{newtab} array must end with a sentinel entry which contains |
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1362 \NULL{} for the \member{name} field; failure to provide the sentinel |
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1363 value can result in a memory fault. Returns \code{0} on success or |
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1364 \code{-1} if insufficient memory could be allocated to extend the |
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1365 internal table. In the event of failure, no modules are added to the |
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1366 internal table. This should be called before |
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1367 \cfunction{Py_Initialize()}. |
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1368 \end{cfuncdesc} |
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1369 |
|
6382
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1370 |
| 10163 | 1371 \chapter{Abstract Objects Layer \label{abstract}} |
|
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1372 |
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1373 The functions in this chapter interact with Python objects regardless |
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1374 of their type, or with wide classes of object types (e.g. all |
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1375 numerical types, or all sequence types). When used on object types |
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1376 for which they do not apply, they will raise a Python exception. |
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1377 |
| 10163 | 1378 \section{Object Protocol \label{object}} |
|
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1379 |
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1380 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyObject_Print}{PyObject *o, FILE *fp, int flags} |
|
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1381 Print an object \var{o}, on file \var{fp}. Returns \code{-1} on error. |
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1382 The flags argument is used to enable certain printing options. The |
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1383 only option currently supported is \constant{Py_PRINT_RAW}; if given, |
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1384 the \function{str()} of the object is written instead of the |
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1385 \function{repr()}. |
|
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1386 \end{cfuncdesc} |
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1387 |
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1388 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyObject_HasAttrString}{PyObject *o, char *attr_name} |
| 7308 | 1389 Returns \code{1} if \var{o} has the attribute \var{attr_name}, and |
| 1390 \code{0} otherwise. This is equivalent to the Python expression | |
| 1391 \samp{hasattr(\var{o}, \var{attr_name})}. | |
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1392 This function always succeeds. |
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1393 \end{cfuncdesc} |
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1394 |
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1395 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyObject_GetAttrString}{PyObject *o, |
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|
1396 char *attr_name} |
| 7308 | 1397 Retrieve an attribute named \var{attr_name} from object \var{o}. |
|
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1398 Returns the attribute value on success, or \NULL{} on failure. |
| 7308 | 1399 This is the equivalent of the Python expression |
| 1400 \samp{\var{o}.\var{attr_name}}. | |
|
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1401 \end{cfuncdesc} |
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1402 |
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1403 |
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1404 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyObject_HasAttr}{PyObject *o, PyObject *attr_name} |
| 7308 | 1405 Returns \code{1} if \var{o} has the attribute \var{attr_name}, and |
| 1406 \code{0} otherwise. This is equivalent to the Python expression | |
| 1407 \samp{hasattr(\var{o}, \var{attr_name})}. | |
|
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1408 This function always succeeds. |
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1409 \end{cfuncdesc} |
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1410 |
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1411 |
|
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1412 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyObject_GetAttr}{PyObject *o, |
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|
1413 PyObject *attr_name} |
| 7308 | 1414 Retrieve an attribute named \var{attr_name} from object \var{o}. |
|
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1415 Returns the attribute value on success, or \NULL{} on failure. |
| 7308 | 1416 This is the equivalent of the Python expression |
| 1417 \samp{\var{o}.\var{attr_name}}. | |
|
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1418 \end{cfuncdesc} |
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1419 |
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1420 |
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1421 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyObject_SetAttrString}{PyObject *o, char *attr_name, PyObject *v} |
| 7308 | 1422 Set the value of the attribute named \var{attr_name}, for object |
| 1423 \var{o}, to the value \var{v}. Returns \code{-1} on failure. This is | |
| 1424 the equivalent of the Python statement \samp{\var{o}.\var{attr_name} = | |
| 1425 \var{v}}. | |
|
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1426 \end{cfuncdesc} |
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1427 |
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1428 |
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|
1429 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyObject_SetAttr}{PyObject *o, PyObject *attr_name, PyObject *v} |
| 7308 | 1430 Set the value of the attribute named \var{attr_name}, for |
| 1431 object \var{o}, | |
| 1432 to the value \var{v}. Returns \code{-1} on failure. This is | |
| 1433 the equivalent of the Python statement \samp{\var{o}.\var{attr_name} = | |
| 1434 \var{v}}. | |
|
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1435 \end{cfuncdesc} |
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1436 |
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1437 |
|
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|
1438 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyObject_DelAttrString}{PyObject *o, char *attr_name} |
| 7308 | 1439 Delete attribute named \var{attr_name}, for object \var{o}. Returns |
| 1440 \code{-1} on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python | |
| 1441 statement: \samp{del \var{o}.\var{attr_name}}. | |
|
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1442 \end{cfuncdesc} |
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1443 |
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1444 |
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1445 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyObject_DelAttr}{PyObject *o, PyObject *attr_name} |
| 7308 | 1446 Delete attribute named \var{attr_name}, for object \var{o}. Returns |
| 1447 \code{-1} on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python | |
| 1448 statement \samp{del \var{o}.\var{attr_name}}. | |
|
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1449 \end{cfuncdesc} |
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1450 |
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1451 |
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|
1452 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyObject_Cmp}{PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2, int *result} |
| 7308 | 1453 Compare the values of \var{o1} and \var{o2} using a routine provided |
| 1454 by \var{o1}, if one exists, otherwise with a routine provided by | |
| 1455 \var{o2}. The result of the comparison is returned in \var{result}. | |
| 1456 Returns \code{-1} on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python | |
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|
1457 statement\bifuncindex{cmp} \samp{\var{result} = cmp(\var{o1}, \var{o2})}. |
|
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1458 \end{cfuncdesc} |
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1459 |
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|
1460 |
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|
1461 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyObject_Compare}{PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2} |
| 7308 | 1462 Compare the values of \var{o1} and \var{o2} using a routine provided |
| 1463 by \var{o1}, if one exists, otherwise with a routine provided by | |
| 1464 \var{o2}. Returns the result of the comparison on success. On error, | |
| 1465 the value returned is undefined; use \cfunction{PyErr_Occurred()} to | |
|
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|
1466 detect an error. This is equivalent to the Python |
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1467 expression\bifuncindex{cmp} \samp{cmp(\var{o1}, \var{o2})}. |
|
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
1468 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
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Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
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parents:
diff
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|
1469 |
|
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Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
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parents:
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|
1470 |
|
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Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
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parents:
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|
1471 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyObject_Repr}{PyObject *o} |
|
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Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
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|
1472 Compute a string representation of object \var{o}. Returns the |
|
5536
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Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
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parents:
diff
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|
1473 string representation on success, \NULL{} on failure. This is |
| 7308 | 1474 the equivalent of the Python expression \samp{repr(\var{o})}. |
| 1475 Called by the \function{repr()}\bifuncindex{repr} built-in function | |
| 1476 and by reverse quotes. | |
|
5536
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Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
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parents:
diff
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|
1477 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
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Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
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parents:
diff
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|
1478 |
|
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Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
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parents:
diff
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|
1479 |
|
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Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1480 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyObject_Str}{PyObject *o} |
|
12222
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Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
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changeset
|
1481 Compute a string representation of object \var{o}. Returns the |
|
5536
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Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
1482 string representation on success, \NULL{} on failure. This is |
| 7308 | 1483 the equivalent of the Python expression \samp{str(\var{o})}. |
| 1484 Called by the \function{str()}\bifuncindex{str} built-in function and | |
| 1485 by the \keyword{print} statement. | |
|
5536
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Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
1486 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
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Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
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|
1487 |
|
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Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
1488 |
|
15952
1f92d63b20f0
This patch adds a new builtin unistr() which behaves like str()
Marc-André Lemburg <mal@egenix.com>
parents:
15733
diff
changeset
|
1489 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyObject_Unicode}{PyObject *o} |
|
1f92d63b20f0
This patch adds a new builtin unistr() which behaves like str()
Marc-André Lemburg <mal@egenix.com>
parents:
15733
diff
changeset
|
1490 Compute a Unicode string representation of object \var{o}. Returns the |
|
1f92d63b20f0
This patch adds a new builtin unistr() which behaves like str()
Marc-André Lemburg <mal@egenix.com>
parents:
15733
diff
changeset
|
1491 Unicode string representation on success, \NULL{} on failure. This is |
|
1f92d63b20f0
This patch adds a new builtin unistr() which behaves like str()
Marc-André Lemburg <mal@egenix.com>
parents:
15733
diff
changeset
|
1492 the equivalent of the Python expression \samp{unistr(\var{o})}. |
|
1f92d63b20f0
This patch adds a new builtin unistr() which behaves like str()
Marc-André Lemburg <mal@egenix.com>
parents:
15733
diff
changeset
|
1493 Called by the \function{unistr()}\bifuncindex{unistr} built-in function. |
|
1f92d63b20f0
This patch adds a new builtin unistr() which behaves like str()
Marc-André Lemburg <mal@egenix.com>
parents:
15733
diff
changeset
|
1494 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
1f92d63b20f0
This patch adds a new builtin unistr() which behaves like str()
Marc-André Lemburg <mal@egenix.com>
parents:
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|
1495 |
|
17242
1b12e6340038
Added documentation for PyObject_IsInstance() and PyObject_IsSubclass().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
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|
1496 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyObject_IsInstance}{PyObject *inst, PyObject *cls} |
|
1b12e6340038
Added documentation for PyObject_IsInstance() and PyObject_IsSubclass().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
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changeset
|
1497 Return \code{1} if \var{inst} is an instance of the class \var{cls} or |
|
1b12e6340038
Added documentation for PyObject_IsInstance() and PyObject_IsSubclass().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
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17209
diff
changeset
|
1498 a subclass of \var{cls}. If \var{cls} is a type object rather than a |
|
1b12e6340038
Added documentation for PyObject_IsInstance() and PyObject_IsSubclass().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
17209
diff
changeset
|
1499 class object, \cfunction{PyObject_IsInstance()} returns \code{1} if |
|
1b12e6340038
Added documentation for PyObject_IsInstance() and PyObject_IsSubclass().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
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|
1500 \var{inst} is of type \var{cls}. If \var{inst} is not a class |
|
1b12e6340038
Added documentation for PyObject_IsInstance() and PyObject_IsSubclass().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
17209
diff
changeset
|
1501 instance and \var{cls} is neither a type object or class object, |
|
1b12e6340038
Added documentation for PyObject_IsInstance() and PyObject_IsSubclass().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
17209
diff
changeset
|
1502 \var{inst} must have a \member{__class__} attribute --- the class |
|
1b12e6340038
Added documentation for PyObject_IsInstance() and PyObject_IsSubclass().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
17209
diff
changeset
|
1503 relationship of the value of that attribute with \var{cls} will be |
|
1b12e6340038
Added documentation for PyObject_IsInstance() and PyObject_IsSubclass().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
17209
diff
changeset
|
1504 used to determine the result of this function. |
|
1b12e6340038
Added documentation for PyObject_IsInstance() and PyObject_IsSubclass().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
17209
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changeset
|
1505 \versionadded{2.1} |
|
1b12e6340038
Added documentation for PyObject_IsInstance() and PyObject_IsSubclass().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
17209
diff
changeset
|
1506 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
1b12e6340038
Added documentation for PyObject_IsInstance() and PyObject_IsSubclass().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
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17209
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changeset
|
1507 |
|
1b12e6340038
Added documentation for PyObject_IsInstance() and PyObject_IsSubclass().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
17209
diff
changeset
|
1508 Subclass determination is done in a fairly straightforward way, but |
|
1b12e6340038
Added documentation for PyObject_IsInstance() and PyObject_IsSubclass().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
17209
diff
changeset
|
1509 includes a wrinkle that implementors of extensions to the class system |
|
1b12e6340038
Added documentation for PyObject_IsInstance() and PyObject_IsSubclass().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
17209
diff
changeset
|
1510 may want to be aware of. If \class{A} and \class{B} are class |
|
1b12e6340038
Added documentation for PyObject_IsInstance() and PyObject_IsSubclass().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
17209
diff
changeset
|
1511 objects, \class{B} is a subclass of \class{A} if it inherits from |
|
1b12e6340038
Added documentation for PyObject_IsInstance() and PyObject_IsSubclass().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
17209
diff
changeset
|
1512 \class{A} either directly or indirectly. If either is not a class |
|
1b12e6340038
Added documentation for PyObject_IsInstance() and PyObject_IsSubclass().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
17209
diff
changeset
|
1513 object, a more general mechanism is used to determine the class |
|
1b12e6340038
Added documentation for PyObject_IsInstance() and PyObject_IsSubclass().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
17209
diff
changeset
|
1514 relationship of the two objects. When testing if \var{B} is a |
|
1b12e6340038
Added documentation for PyObject_IsInstance() and PyObject_IsSubclass().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
17209
diff
changeset
|
1515 subclass of \var{A}, if \var{A} is \var{B}, |
|
1b12e6340038
Added documentation for PyObject_IsInstance() and PyObject_IsSubclass().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
17209
diff
changeset
|
1516 \cfunction{PyObject_IsSubclass()} returns true. If \var{A} and |
|
1b12e6340038
Added documentation for PyObject_IsInstance() and PyObject_IsSubclass().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
17209
diff
changeset
|
1517 \var{B} are different objects, \var{B}'s \member{__bases__} attribute |
|
1b12e6340038
Added documentation for PyObject_IsInstance() and PyObject_IsSubclass().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
17209
diff
changeset
|
1518 is searched in a depth-first fashion for \var{A} --- the presence of |
|
1b12e6340038
Added documentation for PyObject_IsInstance() and PyObject_IsSubclass().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
17209
diff
changeset
|
1519 the \member{__bases__} attribute is considered sufficient for this |
|
1b12e6340038
Added documentation for PyObject_IsInstance() and PyObject_IsSubclass().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
17209
diff
changeset
|
1520 determination. |
|
1b12e6340038
Added documentation for PyObject_IsInstance() and PyObject_IsSubclass().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
17209
diff
changeset
|
1521 |
|
1b12e6340038
Added documentation for PyObject_IsInstance() and PyObject_IsSubclass().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
17209
diff
changeset
|
1522 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyObject_IsSubclass}{PyObject *derived, |
|
1b12e6340038
Added documentation for PyObject_IsInstance() and PyObject_IsSubclass().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
17209
diff
changeset
|
1523 PyObject *cls} |
|
1b12e6340038
Added documentation for PyObject_IsInstance() and PyObject_IsSubclass().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
17209
diff
changeset
|
1524 Returns \code{1} if the class \var{derived} is identical to or derived |
|
1b12e6340038
Added documentation for PyObject_IsInstance() and PyObject_IsSubclass().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
17209
diff
changeset
|
1525 from the class \var{cls}, otherwise returns \code{0}. In case of an |
|
1b12e6340038
Added documentation for PyObject_IsInstance() and PyObject_IsSubclass().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
17209
diff
changeset
|
1526 error, returns \code{-1}. If either \var{derived} or \var{cls} is not |
|
1b12e6340038
Added documentation for PyObject_IsInstance() and PyObject_IsSubclass().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
17209
diff
changeset
|
1527 an actual class object, this function uses the generic algorithm |
|
1b12e6340038
Added documentation for PyObject_IsInstance() and PyObject_IsSubclass().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
17209
diff
changeset
|
1528 described above. |
|
1b12e6340038
Added documentation for PyObject_IsInstance() and PyObject_IsSubclass().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
17209
diff
changeset
|
1529 \versionadded{2.1} |
|
1b12e6340038
Added documentation for PyObject_IsInstance() and PyObject_IsSubclass().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
17209
diff
changeset
|
1530 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
1b12e6340038
Added documentation for PyObject_IsInstance() and PyObject_IsSubclass().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
17209
diff
changeset
|
1531 |
|
15952
1f92d63b20f0
This patch adds a new builtin unistr() which behaves like str()
Marc-André Lemburg <mal@egenix.com>
parents:
15733
diff
changeset
|
1532 |
|
5536
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1533 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyCallable_Check}{PyObject *o} |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1534 Determine if the object \var{o} is callable. Return \code{1} if the |
| 7308 | 1535 object is callable and \code{0} otherwise. |
|
5536
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Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1536 This function always succeeds. |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1537 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1538 |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1539 |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1540 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyObject_CallObject}{PyObject *callable_object, |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1541 PyObject *args} |
| 7308 | 1542 Call a callable Python object \var{callable_object}, with |
| 1543 arguments given by the tuple \var{args}. If no arguments are | |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1544 needed, then \var{args} may be \NULL{}. Returns the result of the |
|
5536
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1545 call on success, or \NULL{} on failure. This is the equivalent |
|
16053
aca05d75d232
Fixed a bunch of typos caught by Gilles Civario.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
15953
diff
changeset
|
1546 of the Python expression \samp{apply(\var{callable_object}, \var{args})}. |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1547 \bifuncindex{apply} |
|
5536
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1548 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1549 |
|
16053
aca05d75d232
Fixed a bunch of typos caught by Gilles Civario.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
15953
diff
changeset
|
1550 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyObject_CallFunction}{PyObject *callable_object, |
|
aca05d75d232
Fixed a bunch of typos caught by Gilles Civario.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
15953
diff
changeset
|
1551 char *format, ...} |
| 7308 | 1552 Call a callable Python object \var{callable_object}, with a |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1553 variable number of C arguments. The C arguments are described |
| 7308 | 1554 using a \cfunction{Py_BuildValue()} style format string. The format may |
| 1555 be \NULL{}, indicating that no arguments are provided. Returns the | |
|
5536
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Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1556 result of the call on success, or \NULL{} on failure. This is |
|
16053
aca05d75d232
Fixed a bunch of typos caught by Gilles Civario.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
15953
diff
changeset
|
1557 the equivalent of the Python expression \samp{apply(\var{callable_object}, |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1558 \var{args})}.\bifuncindex{apply} |
|
5536
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Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1559 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1560 |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1561 |
|
16053
aca05d75d232
Fixed a bunch of typos caught by Gilles Civario.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
15953
diff
changeset
|
1562 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyObject_CallMethod}{PyObject *o, |
|
aca05d75d232
Fixed a bunch of typos caught by Gilles Civario.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
15953
diff
changeset
|
1563 char *method, char *format, ...} |
| 7308 | 1564 Call the method named \var{m} of object \var{o} with a variable number |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1565 of C arguments. The C arguments are described by a |
| 7308 | 1566 \cfunction{Py_BuildValue()} format string. The format may be \NULL{}, |
| 1567 indicating that no arguments are provided. Returns the result of the | |
| 1568 call on success, or \NULL{} on failure. This is the equivalent of the | |
| 1569 Python expression \samp{\var{o}.\var{method}(\var{args})}. | |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1570 Note that special method names, such as \method{__add__()}, |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1571 \method{__getitem__()}, and so on are not supported. The specific |
|
5536
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Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1572 abstract-object routines for these must be used. |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1573 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1574 |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1575 |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1576 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyObject_Hash}{PyObject *o} |
| 7308 | 1577 Compute and return the hash value of an object \var{o}. On |
| 1578 failure, return \code{-1}. This is the equivalent of the Python | |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
1579 expression \samp{hash(\var{o})}.\bifuncindex{hash} |
|
5536
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Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1580 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1581 |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1582 |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1583 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyObject_IsTrue}{PyObject *o} |
| 7308 | 1584 Returns \code{1} if the object \var{o} is considered to be true, and |
| 1585 \code{0} otherwise. This is equivalent to the Python expression | |
| 1586 \samp{not not \var{o}}. | |
|
5536
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|
1587 This function always succeeds. |
|
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|
1588 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
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1589 |
|
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1590 |
|
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|
1591 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyObject_Type}{PyObject *o} |
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|
1592 On success, returns a type object corresponding to the object |
| 7308 | 1593 type of object \var{o}. On failure, returns \NULL{}. This is |
| 1594 equivalent to the Python expression \samp{type(\var{o})}. | |
|
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|
1595 \bifuncindex{type} |
|
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|
1596 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
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1597 |
|
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|
1598 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyObject_Length}{PyObject *o} |
| 7308 | 1599 Return the length of object \var{o}. If the object \var{o} provides |
|
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|
1600 both sequence and mapping protocols, the sequence length is |
|
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|
1601 returned. On error, \code{-1} is returned. This is the equivalent |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
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|
1602 to the Python expression \samp{len(\var{o})}.\bifuncindex{len} |
|
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|
1603 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
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1604 |
|
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1605 |
|
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|
1606 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyObject_GetItem}{PyObject *o, PyObject *key} |
| 7308 | 1607 Return element of \var{o} corresponding to the object \var{key} or |
| 1608 \NULL{} on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python expression | |
| 1609 \samp{\var{o}[\var{key}]}. | |
|
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|
1610 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
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|
1611 |
|
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1612 |
|
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|
1613 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyObject_SetItem}{PyObject *o, PyObject *key, PyObject *v} |
| 7308 | 1614 Map the object \var{key} to the value \var{v}. |
| 1615 Returns \code{-1} on failure. This is the equivalent | |
| 1616 of the Python statement \samp{\var{o}[\var{key}] = \var{v}}. | |
|
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|
1617 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
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|
1618 |
|
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|
1619 |
|
9931
00fc18ac6aeb
Header for PyObject_DelItem() mentioned non-existing 3rd argument.
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9476
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|
1620 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyObject_DelItem}{PyObject *o, PyObject *key} |
| 7308 | 1621 Delete the mapping for \var{key} from \var{o}. Returns \code{-1} on |
| 1622 failure. This is the equivalent of the Python statement \samp{del | |
| 1623 \var{o}[\var{key}]}. | |
|
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|
1624 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
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|
1625 |
|
13592
9ca50e2433eb
Document PyObject_AsFileDescriptor
Andrew M. Kuchling <amk@amk.ca>
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|
1626 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyObject_AsFileDescriptor}{PyObject *o} |
|
9ca50e2433eb
Document PyObject_AsFileDescriptor
Andrew M. Kuchling <amk@amk.ca>
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|
1627 Derives a file-descriptor from a Python object. If the object |
|
9ca50e2433eb
Document PyObject_AsFileDescriptor
Andrew M. Kuchling <amk@amk.ca>
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13404
diff
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|
1628 is an integer or long integer, its value is returned. If not, the |
|
9ca50e2433eb
Document PyObject_AsFileDescriptor
Andrew M. Kuchling <amk@amk.ca>
parents:
13404
diff
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|
1629 object's \method{fileno()} method is called if it exists; the method |
|
9ca50e2433eb
Document PyObject_AsFileDescriptor
Andrew M. Kuchling <amk@amk.ca>
parents:
13404
diff
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|
1630 must return an integer or long integer, which is returned as the file |
|
9ca50e2433eb
Document PyObject_AsFileDescriptor
Andrew M. Kuchling <amk@amk.ca>
parents:
13404
diff
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|
1631 descriptor value. Returns \code{-1} on failure. |
|
9ca50e2433eb
Document PyObject_AsFileDescriptor
Andrew M. Kuchling <amk@amk.ca>
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|
1632 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
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|
1633 |
| 10163 | 1634 \section{Number Protocol \label{number}} |
|
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|
1635 |
|
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|
1636 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyNumber_Check}{PyObject *o} |
| 7308 | 1637 Returns \code{1} if the object \var{o} provides numeric protocols, and |
|
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|
1638 false otherwise. |
|
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|
1639 This function always succeeds. |
|
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|
1640 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
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|
1641 |
|
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|
1642 |
|
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|
1643 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyNumber_Add}{PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2} |
| 7308 | 1644 Returns the result of adding \var{o1} and \var{o2}, or \NULL{} on |
| 1645 failure. This is the equivalent of the Python expression | |
| 1646 \samp{\var{o1} + \var{o2}}. | |
|
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|
1647 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
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|
1648 |
|
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|
1649 |
|
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|
1650 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyNumber_Subtract}{PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2} |
|
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|
1651 Returns the result of subtracting \var{o2} from \var{o1}, or |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
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|
1652 \NULL{} on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python expression |
| 7308 | 1653 \samp{\var{o1} - \var{o2}}. |
|
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|
1654 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
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|
1655 |
|
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|
1656 |
|
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|
1657 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyNumber_Multiply}{PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2} |
| 7308 | 1658 Returns the result of multiplying \var{o1} and \var{o2}, or \NULL{} on |
| 1659 failure. This is the equivalent of the Python expression | |
| 1660 \samp{\var{o1} * \var{o2}}. | |
|
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|
1661 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
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|
1662 |
|
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|
1663 |
|
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|
1664 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyNumber_Divide}{PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2} |
| 7308 | 1665 Returns the result of dividing \var{o1} by \var{o2}, or \NULL{} on |
| 1666 failure. | |
| 1667 This is the equivalent of the Python expression \samp{\var{o1} / | |
| 1668 \var{o2}}. | |
|
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|
1669 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
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|
1670 |
|
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|
1671 |
|
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|
1672 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyNumber_Remainder}{PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2} |
| 7308 | 1673 Returns the remainder of dividing \var{o1} by \var{o2}, or \NULL{} on |
| 1674 failure. This is the equivalent of the Python expression | |
|
12222
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|
1675 \samp{\var{o1} \%\ \var{o2}}. |
|
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|
1676 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
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|
1677 |
|
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|
1678 |
|
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|
1679 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyNumber_Divmod}{PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2} |
|
7309
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Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
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|
1680 See the built-in function \function{divmod()}\bifuncindex{divmod}. |
|
d7266372dd37
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|
1681 Returns \NULL{} on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python |
|
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parents:
7308
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|
1682 expression \samp{divmod(\var{o1}, \var{o2})}. |
|
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|
1683 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
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|
1684 |
|
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|
1685 |
|
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|
1686 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyNumber_Power}{PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2, PyObject *o3} |
|
7309
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|
1687 See the built-in function \function{pow()}\bifuncindex{pow}. Returns |
|
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|
1688 \NULL{} on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python expression |
| 7308 | 1689 \samp{pow(\var{o1}, \var{o2}, \var{o3})}, where \var{o3} is optional. |
|
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Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
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|
1690 If \var{o3} is to be ignored, pass \cdata{Py_None} in its place |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
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|
1691 (passing \NULL{} for \var{o3} would cause an illegal memory access). |
|
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|
1692 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
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1693 |
|
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|
1694 |
|
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|
1695 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyNumber_Negative}{PyObject *o} |
| 7308 | 1696 Returns the negation of \var{o} on success, or \NULL{} on failure. |
| 1697 This is the equivalent of the Python expression \samp{-\var{o}}. | |
|
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|
1698 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
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|
1699 |
|
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|
1700 |
|
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|
1701 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyNumber_Positive}{PyObject *o} |
| 7308 | 1702 Returns \var{o} on success, or \NULL{} on failure. |
| 1703 This is the equivalent of the Python expression \samp{+\var{o}}. | |
|
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|
1704 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
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|
1705 |
|
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|
1706 |
|
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|
1707 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyNumber_Absolute}{PyObject *o} |
| 7308 | 1708 Returns the absolute value of \var{o}, or \NULL{} on failure. This is |
| 1709 the equivalent of the Python expression \samp{abs(\var{o})}. | |
|
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|
1710 \bifuncindex{abs} |
|
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|
1711 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
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1712 |
|
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|
1713 |
|
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|
1714 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyNumber_Invert}{PyObject *o} |
| 7308 | 1715 Returns the bitwise negation of \var{o} on success, or \NULL{} on |
| 1716 failure. This is the equivalent of the Python expression | |
| 1717 \samp{\~\var{o}}. | |
|
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|
1718 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
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|
1719 |
|
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Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
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|
1720 |
|
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Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
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|
1721 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyNumber_Lshift}{PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2} |
| 7308 | 1722 Returns the result of left shifting \var{o1} by \var{o2} on success, |
| 1723 or \NULL{} on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python | |
|
17480
04daee3ab627
Work around the conversion of ">>" and "<<" to guillemets. Reported by Ping.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
17336
diff
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|
1724 expression \samp{\var{o1} <\code{<} \var{o2}}. |
|
5536
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1725 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
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|
1726 |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
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|
1727 |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1728 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyNumber_Rshift}{PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2} |
| 7308 | 1729 Returns the result of right shifting \var{o1} by \var{o2} on success, |
| 1730 or \NULL{} on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python | |
|
17480
04daee3ab627
Work around the conversion of ">>" and "<<" to guillemets. Reported by Ping.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
17336
diff
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|
1731 expression \samp{\var{o1} >\code{>} \var{o2}}. |
|
5536
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1732 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
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|
1733 |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
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|
1734 |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
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|
1735 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyNumber_And}{PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2} |
|
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Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
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|
1736 Returns the ``bitwise and'' of \var{o2} and \var{o2} on success and |
|
7366bb95f212
Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
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|
1737 \NULL{} on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python expression |
|
16053
aca05d75d232
Fixed a bunch of typos caught by Gilles Civario.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
15953
diff
changeset
|
1738 \samp{\var{o1} \&\ \var{o2}}. |
|
5536
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1739 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
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Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
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|
1740 |
|
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Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
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|
1741 |
|
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Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
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|
1742 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyNumber_Xor}{PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2} |
|
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Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
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|
1743 Returns the ``bitwise exclusive or'' of \var{o1} by \var{o2} on success, |
| 7308 | 1744 or \NULL{} on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python |
| 1745 expression \samp{\var{o1} \^{ }\var{o2}}. | |
|
5536
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Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
1746 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
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|
1747 |
|
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Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff
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|
1748 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyNumber_Or}{PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2} |
|
14528
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Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
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|
1749 Returns the ``bitwise or'' of \var{o1} and \var{o2} on success, or |
|
7366bb95f212
Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
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|
1750 \NULL{} on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python expression |
|
7366bb95f212
Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
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|
1751 \samp{\var{o1} | \var{o2}}. |
|
7366bb95f212
Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
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|
1752 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
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Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
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|
1753 |
|
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Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
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|
1754 |
|
7366bb95f212
Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
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|
1755 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyNumber_InPlaceAdd}{PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2} |
|
7366bb95f212
Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
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|
1756 Returns the result of adding \var{o1} and \var{o2}, or \NULL{} on failure. |
|
7366bb95f212
Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
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parents:
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|
1757 The operation is done \emph{in-place} when \var{o1} supports it. This is the |
|
7366bb95f212
Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
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|
1758 equivalent of the Python expression \samp{\var{o1} += \var{o2}}. |
|
7366bb95f212
Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
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parents:
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|
1759 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
7366bb95f212
Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
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diff
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|
1760 |
|
7366bb95f212
Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
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diff
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|
1761 |
|
7366bb95f212
Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
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|
1762 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyNumber_InPlaceSubtract}{PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2} |
|
7366bb95f212
Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
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parents:
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|
1763 Returns the result of subtracting \var{o2} from \var{o1}, or |
|
7366bb95f212
Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
1764 \NULL{} on failure. The operation is done \emph{in-place} when \var{o1} |
|
7366bb95f212
Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
1765 supports it. This is the equivalent of the Python expression \samp{\var{o1} |
|
7366bb95f212
Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
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diff
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|
1766 -= \var{o2}}. |
|
7366bb95f212
Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
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parents:
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diff
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|
1767 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
7366bb95f212
Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
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diff
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|
1768 |
|
7366bb95f212
Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
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diff
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|
1769 |
|
7366bb95f212
Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
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|
1770 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyNumber_InPlaceMultiply}{PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2} |
|
7366bb95f212
Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
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|
1771 Returns the result of multiplying \var{o1} and \var{o2}, or \NULL{} on |
|
7366bb95f212
Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
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|
1772 failure. The operation is done \emph{in-place} when \var{o1} supports it. |
|
7366bb95f212
Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
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|
1773 This is the equivalent of the Python expression \samp{\var{o1} *= \var{o2}}. |
|
7366bb95f212
Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
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|
1774 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
7366bb95f212
Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
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|
1775 |
|
7366bb95f212
Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
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diff
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|
1776 |
|
7366bb95f212
Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
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diff
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|
1777 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyNumber_InPlaceDivide}{PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2} |
|
7366bb95f212
Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14526
diff
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|
1778 Returns the result of dividing \var{o1} by \var{o2}, or \NULL{} on failure. |
|
7366bb95f212
Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
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parents:
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diff
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|
1779 The operation is done \emph{in-place} when \var{o1} supports it. This is the |
|
7366bb95f212
Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
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14526
diff
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|
1780 equivalent of the Python expression \samp{\var{o1} /= \var{o2}}. |
|
7366bb95f212
Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
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parents:
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diff
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|
1781 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
7366bb95f212
Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
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14526
diff
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|
1782 |
|
7366bb95f212
Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14526
diff
changeset
|
1783 |
|
7366bb95f212
Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14526
diff
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|
1784 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyNumber_InPlaceRemainder}{PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2} |
|
7366bb95f212
Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14526
diff
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|
1785 Returns the remainder of dividing \var{o1} by \var{o2}, or \NULL{} on |
|
7366bb95f212
Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14526
diff
changeset
|
1786 failure. The operation is done \emph{in-place} when \var{o1} supports it. |
|
7366bb95f212
Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14526
diff
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|
1787 This is the equivalent of the Python expression \samp{\var{o1} \%= \var{o2}}. |
|
7366bb95f212
Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
1788 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
7366bb95f212
Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
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diff
changeset
|
1789 |
|
7366bb95f212
Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
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diff
changeset
|
1790 |
|
7366bb95f212
Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
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diff
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|
1791 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyNumber_InPlacePower}{PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2, PyObject *o3} |
|
7366bb95f212
Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
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|
1792 See the built-in function \function{pow()}\bifuncindex{pow}. Returns |
|
7366bb95f212
Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
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diff
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|
1793 \NULL{} on failure. The operation is done \emph{in-place} when \var{o1} |
|
7366bb95f212
Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
1794 supports it. This is the equivalent of the Python expression \samp{\var{o1} |
|
7366bb95f212
Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
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diff
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|
1795 **= \var{o2}} when o3 is \cdata{Py_None}, or an in-place variant of |
|
16053
aca05d75d232
Fixed a bunch of typos caught by Gilles Civario.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
15953
diff
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|
1796 \samp{pow(\var{o1}, \var{o2}, \var{o3})} otherwise. If \var{o3} is to be |
|
14528
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Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
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diff
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|
1797 ignored, pass \cdata{Py_None} in its place (passing \NULL{} for \var{o3} |
|
7366bb95f212
Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
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|
1798 would cause an illegal memory access). |
|
7366bb95f212
Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
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|
1799 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
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|
1800 |
|
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Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
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|
1801 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyNumber_InPlaceLshift}{PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2} |
|
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|
1802 Returns the result of left shifting \var{o1} by \var{o2} on success, or |
|
7366bb95f212
Thomas Wouters <thomas@xs4all.net>:
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|
1803 \NULL{} on failure. The operation is done \emph{in-place} when \var{o1} |
|
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|
1804 supports it. This is the equivalent of the Python expression \samp{\var{o1} |
|
17480
04daee3ab627
Work around the conversion of ">>" and "<<" to guillemets. Reported by Ping.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
17336
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|
1805 <\code{<=} \var{o2}}. |
|
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|
1806 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
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|
1807 |
|
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|
1808 |
|
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|
1809 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyNumber_InPlaceRshift}{PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2} |
|
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|
1810 Returns the result of right shifting \var{o1} by \var{o2} on success, or |
|
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|
1811 \NULL{} on failure. The operation is done \emph{in-place} when \var{o1} |
|
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|
1812 supports it. This is the equivalent of the Python expression \samp{\var{o1} |
|
17480
04daee3ab627
Work around the conversion of ">>" and "<<" to guillemets. Reported by Ping.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
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|
1813 >\code{>=} \var{o2}}. |
|
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|
1814 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
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|
1815 |
|
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changeset
|
1816 |
|
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|
1817 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyNumber_InPlaceAnd}{PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2} |
|
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Fixed a bunch of typos caught by Gilles Civario.
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diff
changeset
|
1818 Returns the ``bitwise and'' of \var{o1} and \var{o2} on success |
|
aca05d75d232
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Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
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diff
changeset
|
1819 and \NULL{} on failure. The operation is done \emph{in-place} when |
|
aca05d75d232
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Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
15953
diff
changeset
|
1820 \var{o1} supports it. This is the equivalent of the Python expression |
|
aca05d75d232
Fixed a bunch of typos caught by Gilles Civario.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
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|
1821 \samp{\var{o1} \&= \var{o2}}. |
|
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|
1822 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
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|
1823 |
|
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|
1824 |
|
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|
1825 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyNumber_InPlaceXor}{PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2} |
|
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|
1826 Returns the ``bitwise exclusive or'' of \var{o1} by \var{o2} on success, or |
|
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|
1827 \NULL{} on failure. The operation is done \emph{in-place} when \var{o1} |
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1828 supports it. This is the equivalent of the Python expression \samp{\var{o1} |
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1829 \^= \var{o2}}. |
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1830 \end{cfuncdesc} |
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1831 |
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1832 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyNumber_InPlaceOr}{PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2} |
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1833 Returns the ``bitwise or'' of \var{o1} and \var{o2} on success, or \NULL{} |
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1834 on failure. The operation is done \emph{in-place} when \var{o1} supports |
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1835 it. This is the equivalent of the Python expression \samp{\var{o1} |= |
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1836 \var{o2}}. |
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1837 \end{cfuncdesc} |
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1838 |
|
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1839 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyNumber_Coerce}{PyObject **p1, PyObject **p2} |
|
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1840 This function takes the addresses of two variables of type |
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1841 \ctype{PyObject*}. If the objects pointed to by \code{*\var{p1}} and |
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1842 \code{*\var{p2}} have the same type, increment their reference count |
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1843 and return \code{0} (success). If the objects can be converted to a |
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1844 common numeric type, replace \code{*p1} and \code{*p2} by their |
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1845 converted value (with 'new' reference counts), and return \code{0}. |
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1846 If no conversion is possible, or if some other error occurs, return |
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1847 \code{-1} (failure) and don't increment the reference counts. The |
|
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1848 call \code{PyNumber_Coerce(\&o1, \&o2)} is equivalent to the Python |
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1849 statement \samp{\var{o1}, \var{o2} = coerce(\var{o1}, \var{o2})}. |
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1850 \bifuncindex{coerce} |
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1851 \end{cfuncdesc} |
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1852 |
|
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1853 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyNumber_Int}{PyObject *o} |
| 7308 | 1854 Returns the \var{o} converted to an integer object on success, or |
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1855 \NULL{} on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python |
|
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1856 expression \samp{int(\var{o})}.\bifuncindex{int} |
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|
1857 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
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1858 |
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1859 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyNumber_Long}{PyObject *o} |
| 7308 | 1860 Returns the \var{o} converted to a long integer object on success, |
|
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1861 or \NULL{} on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python |
|
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1862 expression \samp{long(\var{o})}.\bifuncindex{long} |
|
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1863 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
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1864 |
|
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|
1865 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyNumber_Float}{PyObject *o} |
|
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1866 Returns the \var{o} converted to a float object on success, or |
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1867 \NULL{} on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python expression |
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|
1868 \samp{float(\var{o})}.\bifuncindex{float} |
|
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1869 \end{cfuncdesc} |
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1870 |
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1871 |
| 10163 | 1872 \section{Sequence Protocol \label{sequence}} |
|
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1873 |
|
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1874 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PySequence_Check}{PyObject *o} |
|
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1875 Return \code{1} if the object provides sequence protocol, and |
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|
1876 \code{0} otherwise. This function always succeeds. |
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|
1877 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
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|
1878 |
|
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|
1879 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PySequence_Size}{PyObject *o} |
|
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1880 Returns the number of objects in sequence \var{o} on success, and |
|
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|
1881 \code{-1} on failure. For objects that do not provide sequence |
|
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|
1882 protocol, this is equivalent to the Python expression |
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|
1883 \samp{len(\var{o})}.\bifuncindex{len} |
|
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|
1884 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
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1885 |
|
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|
1886 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PySequence_Length}{PyObject *o} |
|
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|
1887 Alternate name for \cfunction{PySequence_Size()}. |
|
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|
1888 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
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1889 |
|
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1890 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PySequence_Concat}{PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2} |
| 7308 | 1891 Return the concatenation of \var{o1} and \var{o2} on success, and \NULL{} on |
|
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1892 failure. This is the equivalent of the Python |
| 7308 | 1893 expression \samp{\var{o1} + \var{o2}}. |
|
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1894 \end{cfuncdesc} |
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1895 |
|
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1896 |
|
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1897 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PySequence_Repeat}{PyObject *o, int count} |
|
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1898 Return the result of repeating sequence object |
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1899 \var{o} \var{count} times, or \NULL{} on failure. This is the |
|
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|
1900 equivalent of the Python expression \samp{\var{o} * \var{count}}. |
|
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1901 \end{cfuncdesc} |
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1902 |
|
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1903 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PySequence_InPlaceConcat}{PyObject *o1, PyObject *o2} |
|
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1904 Return the concatenation of \var{o1} and \var{o2} on success, and \NULL{} on |
|
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1905 failure. The operation is done \emph{in-place} when \var{o1} supports it. |
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1906 This is the equivalent of the Python expression \samp{\var{o1} += \var{o2}}. |
|
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1907 \end{cfuncdesc} |
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1908 |
|
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1909 |
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1910 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PySequence_InPlaceRepeat}{PyObject *o, int count} |
|
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1911 Return the result of repeating sequence object \var{o} \var{count} times, or |
|
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1912 \NULL{} on failure. The operation is done \emph{in-place} when \var{o} |
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1913 supports it. This is the equivalent of the Python expression \samp{\var{o} |
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1914 *= \var{count}}. |
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1915 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
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1916 |
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1917 |
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1918 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PySequence_GetItem}{PyObject *o, int i} |
| 7308 | 1919 Return the \var{i}th element of \var{o}, or \NULL{} on failure. This |
| 1920 is the equivalent of the Python expression \samp{\var{o}[\var{i}]}. | |
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1921 \end{cfuncdesc} |
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1922 |
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1923 |
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1924 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PySequence_GetSlice}{PyObject *o, int i1, int i2} |
| 7308 | 1925 Return the slice of sequence object \var{o} between \var{i1} and |
| 1926 \var{i2}, or \NULL{} on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python | |
| 1927 expression \samp{\var{o}[\var{i1}:\var{i2}]}. | |
|
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1928 \end{cfuncdesc} |
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1929 |
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1930 |
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|
1931 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PySequence_SetItem}{PyObject *o, int i, PyObject *v} |
| 7308 | 1932 Assign object \var{v} to the \var{i}th element of \var{o}. |
| 1933 Returns \code{-1} on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python | |
| 1934 statement \samp{\var{o}[\var{i}] = \var{v}}. | |
|
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1935 \end{cfuncdesc} |
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1936 |
|
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|
1937 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PySequence_DelItem}{PyObject *o, int i} |
|
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1938 Delete the \var{i}th element of object \var{o}. Returns |
| 7308 | 1939 \code{-1} on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python |
| 1940 statement \samp{del \var{o}[\var{i}]}. | |
|
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1941 \end{cfuncdesc} |
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1942 |
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1943 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PySequence_SetSlice}{PyObject *o, int i1, |
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1944 int i2, PyObject *v} |
| 7308 | 1945 Assign the sequence object \var{v} to the slice in sequence |
| 1946 object \var{o} from \var{i1} to \var{i2}. This is the equivalent of | |
| 1947 the Python statement \samp{\var{o}[\var{i1}:\var{i2}] = \var{v}}. | |
|
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1948 \end{cfuncdesc} |
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1949 |
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1950 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PySequence_DelSlice}{PyObject *o, int i1, int i2} |
| 7308 | 1951 Delete the slice in sequence object \var{o} from \var{i1} to \var{i2}. |
| 1952 Returns \code{-1} on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python | |
| 1953 statement \samp{del \var{o}[\var{i1}:\var{i2}]}. | |
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1954 \end{cfuncdesc} |
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1955 |
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1956 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PySequence_Tuple}{PyObject *o} |
| 7308 | 1957 Returns the \var{o} as a tuple on success, and \NULL{} on failure. |
|
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1958 This is equivalent to the Python expression \samp{tuple(\var{o})}. |
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1959 \bifuncindex{tuple} |
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1960 \end{cfuncdesc} |
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1961 |
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1962 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PySequence_Count}{PyObject *o, PyObject *value} |
| 7308 | 1963 Return the number of occurrences of \var{value} in \var{o}, that is, |
| 1964 return the number of keys for which \code{\var{o}[\var{key}] == | |
| 1965 \var{value}}. On failure, return \code{-1}. This is equivalent to | |
| 1966 the Python expression \samp{\var{o}.count(\var{value})}. | |
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1967 \end{cfuncdesc} |
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1968 |
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1969 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PySequence_Contains}{PyObject *o, PyObject *value} |
| 7308 | 1970 Determine if \var{o} contains \var{value}. If an item in \var{o} is |
| 1971 equal to \var{value}, return \code{1}, otherwise return \code{0}. On | |
| 1972 error, return \code{-1}. This is equivalent to the Python expression | |
| 1973 \samp{\var{value} in \var{o}}. | |
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1974 \end{cfuncdesc} |
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1975 |
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1976 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PySequence_Index}{PyObject *o, PyObject *value} |
| 7308 | 1977 Return the first index \var{i} for which \code{\var{o}[\var{i}] == |
| 1978 \var{value}}. On error, return \code{-1}. This is equivalent to | |
| 1979 the Python expression \samp{\var{o}.index(\var{value})}. | |
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1980 \end{cfuncdesc} |
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1981 |
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1982 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PySequence_List}{PyObject *o} |
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1983 Return a list object with the same contents as the arbitrary sequence |
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1984 \var{o}. The returned list is guaranteed to be new. |
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1985 \end{cfuncdesc} |
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1986 |
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1987 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PySequence_Tuple}{PyObject *o} |
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1988 Return a tuple object with the same contents as the arbitrary sequence |
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1989 \var{o}. If \var{o} is a tuple, a new reference will be returned, |
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1990 otherwise a tuple will be constructed with the appropriate contents. |
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1991 \end{cfuncdesc} |
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1992 |
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1993 |
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1994 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PySequence_Fast}{PyObject *o, const char *m} |
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1995 Returns the sequence \var{o} as a tuple, unless it is already a |
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1996 tuple or list, in which case \var{o} is returned. Use |
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1997 \cfunction{PySequence_Fast_GET_ITEM()} to access the members of the |
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1998 result. Returns \NULL{} on failure. If the object is not a sequence, |
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1999 raises \exception{TypeError} with \var{m} as the message text. |
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2000 \end{cfuncdesc} |
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2001 |
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2002 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PySequence_Fast_GET_ITEM}{PyObject *o, int i} |
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2003 Return the \var{i}th element of \var{o}, assuming that \var{o} was |
|
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2004 returned by \cfunction{PySequence_Fast()}, and that \var{i} is within |
|
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2005 bounds. The caller is expected to get the length of the sequence by |
|
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2006 calling \cfunction{PyObject_Size()} on \var{o}, since lists and tuples |
|
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2007 are guaranteed to always return their true length. |
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2008 \end{cfuncdesc} |
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2009 |
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2010 |
| 10163 | 2011 \section{Mapping Protocol \label{mapping}} |
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2012 |
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2013 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyMapping_Check}{PyObject *o} |
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2014 Return \code{1} if the object provides mapping protocol, and |
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2015 \code{0} otherwise. This function always succeeds. |
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2016 \end{cfuncdesc} |
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2017 |
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2018 |
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2019 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyMapping_Length}{PyObject *o} |
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2020 Returns the number of keys in object \var{o} on success, and |
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2021 \code{-1} on failure. For objects that do not provide mapping |
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2022 protocol, this is equivalent to the Python expression |
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2023 \samp{len(\var{o})}.\bifuncindex{len} |
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2024 \end{cfuncdesc} |
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2025 |
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2026 |
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2027 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyMapping_DelItemString}{PyObject *o, char *key} |
| 7308 | 2028 Remove the mapping for object \var{key} from the object \var{o}. |
| 2029 Return \code{-1} on failure. This is equivalent to | |
| 2030 the Python statement \samp{del \var{o}[\var{key}]}. | |
|
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2031 \end{cfuncdesc} |
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2032 |
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2033 |
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2034 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyMapping_DelItem}{PyObject *o, PyObject *key} |
| 7308 | 2035 Remove the mapping for object \var{key} from the object \var{o}. |
| 2036 Return \code{-1} on failure. This is equivalent to | |
| 2037 the Python statement \samp{del \var{o}[\var{key}]}. | |
|
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2038 \end{cfuncdesc} |
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2039 |
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2040 |
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2041 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyMapping_HasKeyString}{PyObject *o, char *key} |
|
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2042 On success, return \code{1} if the mapping object has the key |
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2043 \var{key} and \code{0} otherwise. This is equivalent to the Python |
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2044 expression \samp{\var{o}.has_key(\var{key})}. |
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2045 This function always succeeds. |
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2046 \end{cfuncdesc} |
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2047 |
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2048 |
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2049 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyMapping_HasKey}{PyObject *o, PyObject *key} |
| 7308 | 2050 Return \code{1} if the mapping object has the key \var{key} and |
| 2051 \code{0} otherwise. This is equivalent to the Python expression | |
| 2052 \samp{\var{o}.has_key(\var{key})}. | |
|
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2053 This function always succeeds. |
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2054 \end{cfuncdesc} |
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2055 |
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2056 |
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2057 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyMapping_Keys}{PyObject *o} |
| 7308 | 2058 On success, return a list of the keys in object \var{o}. On |
|
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2059 failure, return \NULL{}. This is equivalent to the Python |
| 7308 | 2060 expression \samp{\var{o}.keys()}. |
|
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2061 \end{cfuncdesc} |
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2062 |
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2063 |
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2064 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyMapping_Values}{PyObject *o} |
| 7308 | 2065 On success, return a list of the values in object \var{o}. On |
|
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2066 failure, return \NULL{}. This is equivalent to the Python |
| 7308 | 2067 expression \samp{\var{o}.values()}. |
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2068 \end{cfuncdesc} |
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2069 |
|
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|
2070 |
|
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|
2071 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyMapping_Items}{PyObject *o} |
| 7308 | 2072 On success, return a list of the items in object \var{o}, where |
|
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|
2073 each item is a tuple containing a key-value pair. On |
|
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|
2074 failure, return \NULL{}. This is equivalent to the Python |
| 7308 | 2075 expression \samp{\var{o}.items()}. |
|
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|
2076 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
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|
2077 |
|
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|
2078 |
|
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|
2079 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyMapping_GetItemString}{PyObject *o, char *key} |
| 7308 | 2080 Return element of \var{o} corresponding to the object \var{key} or |
| 2081 \NULL{} on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python expression | |
| 2082 \samp{\var{o}[\var{key}]}. | |
|
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2083 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
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|
2084 |
|
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2085 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyMapping_SetItemString}{PyObject *o, char *key, |
|
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2086 PyObject *v} |
| 7308 | 2087 Map the object \var{key} to the value \var{v} in object \var{o}. |
| 2088 Returns \code{-1} on failure. This is the equivalent of the Python | |
| 2089 statement \samp{\var{o}[\var{key}] = \var{v}}. | |
|
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2090 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
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2091 |
|
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|
2092 |
|
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2093 \section{Iterator Protocol \label{iterator}} |
|
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2094 |
|
17696
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Hmm... better add a version annotation for the Iterator Protocol section.
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2095 \versionadded{2.2} |
|
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Hmm... better add a version annotation for the Iterator Protocol section.
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2096 |
|
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|
2097 There are only a couple of functions specifically for working with |
|
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2098 iterators. |
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2099 |
|
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2100 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyIter_Check}{PyObject *o} |
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2101 Return true if the object \var{o} supports the iterator protocol. |
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2102 \end{cfuncdesc} |
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2103 |
|
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2104 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyIter_Next}{PyObject *o} |
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2105 Return the next value from the iteration \var{o}. If the object is |
|
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2106 an iterator, this retrieves the next value from the iteration, and |
|
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2107 returns \NULL{} with no exception set if there are no remaining |
|
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2108 items. If the object is not an iterator, \exception{TypeError} is |
|
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2109 raised, or if there is an error in retrieving the item, returns |
|
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|
2110 \NULL{} and passes along the exception. |
|
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|
2111 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
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2112 |
|
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|
2113 To write a loop which iterates over an iterator, the C code should |
|
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2114 look something like this: |
|
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|
2115 |
|
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|
2116 \begin{verbatim} |
|
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2117 PyObject *iterator = ...; |
|
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|
2118 PyObject *item; |
|
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2119 |
|
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2120 while (item = PyIter_Next(iter)) { |
|
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2121 /* do something with item */ |
|
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2122 } |
|
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|
2123 if (PyErr_Occurred()) { |
|
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2124 /* propogate error */ |
|
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|
2125 } |
|
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|
2126 else { |
|
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|
2127 /* continue doing useful work */ |
|
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|
2128 } |
|
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|
2129 \end{verbatim} |
|
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|
2130 |
|
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|
2131 |
| 10163 | 2132 \chapter{Concrete Objects Layer \label{concrete}} |
|
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|
2133 |
|
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|
2134 The functions in this chapter are specific to certain Python object |
|
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|
2135 types. Passing them an object of the wrong type is not a good idea; |
|
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|
2136 if you receive an object from a Python program and you are not sure |
|
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|
2137 that it has the right type, you must perform a type check first; |
|
16053
aca05d75d232
Fixed a bunch of typos caught by Gilles Civario.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
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|
2138 for example, to check that an object is a dictionary, use |
|
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|
2139 \cfunction{PyDict_Check()}. The chapter is structured like the |
|
682d3e5b267f
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|
2140 ``family tree'' of Python object types. |
|
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|
2141 |
|
15300
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Added exception to the rule that the buffer returned by PyString_AsString()
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|
2142 \strong{Warning:} |
|
0da4ccc7e8cf
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|
2143 While the functions described in this chapter carefully check the type |
|
0da4ccc7e8cf
Added exception to the rule that the buffer returned by PyString_AsString()
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|
2144 of the objects which are passed in, many of them do not check for |
|
0da4ccc7e8cf
Added exception to the rule that the buffer returned by PyString_AsString()
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|
2145 \NULL{} being passed instead of a valid object. Allowing \NULL{} to |
|
0da4ccc7e8cf
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|
2146 be passed in can cause memory access violations and immediate |
|
0da4ccc7e8cf
Added exception to the rule that the buffer returned by PyString_AsString()
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|
2147 termination of the interpreter. |
|
0da4ccc7e8cf
Added exception to the rule that the buffer returned by PyString_AsString()
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|
2148 |
|
7269
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|
2149 |
| 10163 | 2150 \section{Fundamental Objects \label{fundamental}} |
|
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|
2151 |
|
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|
2152 This section describes Python type objects and the singleton object |
|
682d3e5b267f
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|
2153 \code{None}. |
|
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|
2154 |
|
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|
2155 |
| 10163 | 2156 \subsection{Type Objects \label{typeObjects}} |
|
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|
2157 |
|
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Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
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|
2158 \obindex{type} |
|
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|
2159 \begin{ctypedesc}{PyTypeObject} |
|
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Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
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|
2160 The C structure of the objects used to describe built-in types. |
|
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|
2161 \end{ctypedesc} |
|
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|
2162 |
|
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|
2163 \begin{cvardesc}{PyObject*}{PyType_Type} |
| 10163 | 2164 This is the type object for type objects; it is the same object as |
| 2165 \code{types.TypeType} in the Python layer. | |
|
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|
2166 \withsubitem{(in module types)}{\ttindex{TypeType}} |
|
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2167 \end{cvardesc} |
|
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|
2168 |
|
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|
2169 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyType_Check}{PyObject *o} |
|
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|
2170 Returns true is the object \var{o} is a type object. |
|
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|
2171 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
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2172 |
|
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|
2173 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyType_HasFeature}{PyObject *o, int feature} |
|
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|
2174 Returns true if the type object \var{o} sets the feature |
|
16439
d557ff0a2f6c
Remove an now-false statement about there being only one type flag
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|
2175 \var{feature}. Type features are denoted by single bit flags. |
|
12222
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|
2176 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
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|
2177 |
|
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|
2178 |
| 10163 | 2179 \subsection{The None Object \label{noneObject}} |
|
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|
2180 |
|
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|
2181 \obindex{None@\texttt{None}} |
|
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|
2182 Note that the \ctype{PyTypeObject} for \code{None} is not directly |
|
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|
2183 exposed in the Python/C API. Since \code{None} is a singleton, |
|
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|
2184 testing for object identity (using \samp{==} in C) is sufficient. |
|
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|
2185 There is no \cfunction{PyNone_Check()} function for the same reason. |
|
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|
2186 |
|
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|
2187 \begin{cvardesc}{PyObject*}{Py_None} |
|
8109
2e49bc89fafa
Filled in some more blanks, with the help of Drew Csillag.
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|
2188 The Python \code{None} object, denoting lack of value. This object has |
|
2e49bc89fafa
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|
2189 no methods. |
|
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2190 \end{cvardesc} |
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|
2191 |
|
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changeset
|
2192 |
| 10163 | 2193 \section{Sequence Objects \label{sequenceObjects}} |
|
7269
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diff
changeset
|
2194 |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
2195 \obindex{sequence} |
|
7269
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Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
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diff
changeset
|
2196 Generic operations on sequence objects were discussed in the previous |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
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diff
changeset
|
2197 chapter; this section deals with the specific kinds of sequence |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
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diff
changeset
|
2198 objects that are intrinsic to the Python language. |
|
682d3e5b267f
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Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
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diff
changeset
|
2199 |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
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diff
changeset
|
2200 |
| 10163 | 2201 \subsection{String Objects \label{stringObjects}} |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
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diff
changeset
|
2202 |
|
15300
0da4ccc7e8cf
Added exception to the rule that the buffer returned by PyString_AsString()
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
15236
diff
changeset
|
2203 These functions raise \exception{TypeError} when expecting a string |
|
0da4ccc7e8cf
Added exception to the rule that the buffer returned by PyString_AsString()
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
15236
diff
changeset
|
2204 parameter and are called with a non-string parameter. |
|
0da4ccc7e8cf
Added exception to the rule that the buffer returned by PyString_AsString()
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2205 |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
2206 \obindex{string} |
|
7269
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Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
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diff
changeset
|
2207 \begin{ctypedesc}{PyStringObject} |
|
8120
068fea15cbcd
Convert recent additions to use new, "logical" markup.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
8109
diff
changeset
|
2208 This subtype of \ctype{PyObject} represents a Python string object. |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
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changeset
|
2209 \end{ctypedesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
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diff
changeset
|
2210 |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
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diff
changeset
|
2211 \begin{cvardesc}{PyTypeObject}{PyString_Type} |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2212 This instance of \ctype{PyTypeObject} represents the Python string |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
2213 type; it is the same object as \code{types.TypeType} in the Python |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2214 layer.\withsubitem{(in module types)}{\ttindex{StringType}}. |
|
7269
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|
2215 \end{cvardesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
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|
2216 |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
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changeset
|
2217 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyString_Check}{PyObject *o} |
|
8057
5aacdd097941
Some patches by Drew Csillag; plus a few of my own uncommitted changes.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
8029
diff
changeset
|
2218 Returns true if the object \var{o} is a string object. |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
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|
2219 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
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|
2220 |
| 7782 | 2221 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyString_FromString}{const char *v} |
|
8057
5aacdd097941
Some patches by Drew Csillag; plus a few of my own uncommitted changes.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2222 Returns a new string object with the value \var{v} on success, and |
|
5aacdd097941
Some patches by Drew Csillag; plus a few of my own uncommitted changes.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
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changeset
|
2223 \NULL{} on failure. |
|
7269
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changeset
|
2224 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
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changeset
|
2225 |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2226 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyString_FromStringAndSize}{const char *v, |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
2227 int len} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
2228 Returns a new string object with the value \var{v} and length |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
2229 \var{len} on success, and \NULL{} on failure. If \var{v} is \NULL{}, |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
2230 the contents of the string are uninitialized. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
2231 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
2232 |
| 7782 | 2233 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyString_Size}{PyObject *string} |
|
8057
5aacdd097941
Some patches by Drew Csillag; plus a few of my own uncommitted changes.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
8029
diff
changeset
|
2234 Returns the length of the string in string object \var{string}. |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
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|
2235 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
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changeset
|
2236 |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
2237 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyString_GET_SIZE}{PyObject *string} |
|
15087
a13a2acbe214
Fix a couple of places where the descriptions of *_GET_SIZE() macros said
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
15038
diff
changeset
|
2238 Macro form of \cfunction{PyString_Size()} but without error |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
2239 checking. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
2240 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
2241 |
| 7782 | 2242 \begin{cfuncdesc}{char*}{PyString_AsString}{PyObject *string} |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
2243 Returns a null-terminated representation of the contents of |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
2244 \var{string}. The pointer refers to the internal buffer of |
|
15300
0da4ccc7e8cf
Added exception to the rule that the buffer returned by PyString_AsString()
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
15236
diff
changeset
|
2245 \var{string}, not a copy. The data must not be modified in any way, |
|
0da4ccc7e8cf
Added exception to the rule that the buffer returned by PyString_AsString()
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
15236
diff
changeset
|
2246 unless the string was just created using |
|
0da4ccc7e8cf
Added exception to the rule that the buffer returned by PyString_AsString()
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
15236
diff
changeset
|
2247 \code{PyString_FromStringAndSize(NULL, \var{size})}. |
|
0da4ccc7e8cf
Added exception to the rule that the buffer returned by PyString_AsString()
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
15236
diff
changeset
|
2248 It must not be deallocated. |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
2249 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
2250 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
2251 \begin{cfuncdesc}{char*}{PyString_AS_STRING}{PyObject *string} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
2252 Macro form of \cfunction{PyString_AsString()} but without error |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
2253 checking. |
| 7782 | 2254 \end{cfuncdesc} |
| 2255 | |
|
14696
85038a024b19
This patch adds a new Python C API called PyString_AsStringAndSize()
Marc-André Lemburg <mal@egenix.com>
parents:
14635
diff
changeset
|
2256 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyString_AsStringAndSize}{PyObject *obj, |
|
85038a024b19
This patch adds a new Python C API called PyString_AsStringAndSize()
Marc-André Lemburg <mal@egenix.com>
parents:
14635
diff
changeset
|
2257 char **buffer, |
|
85038a024b19
This patch adds a new Python C API called PyString_AsStringAndSize()
Marc-André Lemburg <mal@egenix.com>
parents:
14635
diff
changeset
|
2258 int *length} |
|
85038a024b19
This patch adds a new Python C API called PyString_AsStringAndSize()
Marc-André Lemburg <mal@egenix.com>
parents:
14635
diff
changeset
|
2259 Returns a null-terminated representation of the contents of the object |
|
85038a024b19
This patch adds a new Python C API called PyString_AsStringAndSize()
Marc-André Lemburg <mal@egenix.com>
parents:
14635
diff
changeset
|
2260 \var{obj} through the output variables \var{buffer} and \var{length}. |
|
85038a024b19
This patch adds a new Python C API called PyString_AsStringAndSize()
Marc-André Lemburg <mal@egenix.com>
parents:
14635
diff
changeset
|
2261 |
|
85038a024b19
This patch adds a new Python C API called PyString_AsStringAndSize()
Marc-André Lemburg <mal@egenix.com>
parents:
14635
diff
changeset
|
2262 The function accepts both string and Unicode objects as input. For |
|
85038a024b19
This patch adds a new Python C API called PyString_AsStringAndSize()
Marc-André Lemburg <mal@egenix.com>
parents:
14635
diff
changeset
|
2263 Unicode objects it returns the default encoded version of the object. |
|
85038a024b19
This patch adds a new Python C API called PyString_AsStringAndSize()
Marc-André Lemburg <mal@egenix.com>
parents:
14635
diff
changeset
|
2264 If \var{length} is set to \NULL{}, the resulting buffer may not contain |
|
85038a024b19
This patch adds a new Python C API called PyString_AsStringAndSize()
Marc-André Lemburg <mal@egenix.com>
parents:
14635
diff
changeset
|
2265 null characters; if it does, the function returns -1 and a |
|
85038a024b19
This patch adds a new Python C API called PyString_AsStringAndSize()
Marc-André Lemburg <mal@egenix.com>
parents:
14635
diff
changeset
|
2266 TypeError is raised. |
|
85038a024b19
This patch adds a new Python C API called PyString_AsStringAndSize()
Marc-André Lemburg <mal@egenix.com>
parents:
14635
diff
changeset
|
2267 |
|
85038a024b19
This patch adds a new Python C API called PyString_AsStringAndSize()
Marc-André Lemburg <mal@egenix.com>
parents:
14635
diff
changeset
|
2268 The buffer refers to an internal string buffer of \var{obj}, not a |
|
15300
0da4ccc7e8cf
Added exception to the rule that the buffer returned by PyString_AsString()
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
15236
diff
changeset
|
2269 copy. The data must not be modified in any way, unless the string was |
|
0da4ccc7e8cf
Added exception to the rule that the buffer returned by PyString_AsString()
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
15236
diff
changeset
|
2270 just created using \code{PyString_FromStringAndSize(NULL, |
|
0da4ccc7e8cf
Added exception to the rule that the buffer returned by PyString_AsString()
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
15236
diff
changeset
|
2271 \var{size})}. It must not be deallocated. |
|
14696
85038a024b19
This patch adds a new Python C API called PyString_AsStringAndSize()
Marc-André Lemburg <mal@egenix.com>
parents:
14635
diff
changeset
|
2272 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
85038a024b19
This patch adds a new Python C API called PyString_AsStringAndSize()
Marc-André Lemburg <mal@egenix.com>
parents:
14635
diff
changeset
|
2273 |
| 7782 | 2274 \begin{cfuncdesc}{void}{PyString_Concat}{PyObject **string, |
| 2275 PyObject *newpart} | |
|
10170
7cf97658cae7
Be explicit about the reference count of the original value of the
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
10163
diff
changeset
|
2276 Creates a new string object in \var{*string} containing the |
|
12200
42f21e47b486
Improve explanation of reference counts for PyString_Concat().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12126
diff
changeset
|
2277 contents of \var{newpart} appended to \var{string}; the caller will |
|
42f21e47b486
Improve explanation of reference counts for PyString_Concat().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12126
diff
changeset
|
2278 own the new reference. The reference to the old value of \var{string} |
|
42f21e47b486
Improve explanation of reference counts for PyString_Concat().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12126
diff
changeset
|
2279 will be stolen. If the new string |
|
10170
7cf97658cae7
Be explicit about the reference count of the original value of the
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
10163
diff
changeset
|
2280 cannot be created, the old reference to \var{string} will still be |
|
7cf97658cae7
Be explicit about the reference count of the original value of the
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
10163
diff
changeset
|
2281 discarded and the value of \var{*string} will be set to |
|
7cf97658cae7
Be explicit about the reference count of the original value of the
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
10163
diff
changeset
|
2282 \NULL{}; the appropriate exception will be set. |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
2283 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
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7268
diff
changeset
|
2284 |
| 7782 | 2285 \begin{cfuncdesc}{void}{PyString_ConcatAndDel}{PyObject **string, |
| 2286 PyObject *newpart} | |
|
8057
5aacdd097941
Some patches by Drew Csillag; plus a few of my own uncommitted changes.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
8029
diff
changeset
|
2287 Creates a new string object in \var{*string} containing the contents |
|
8109
2e49bc89fafa
Filled in some more blanks, with the help of Drew Csillag.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
8057
diff
changeset
|
2288 of \var{newpart} appended to \var{string}. This version decrements |
|
2e49bc89fafa
Filled in some more blanks, with the help of Drew Csillag.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
8057
diff
changeset
|
2289 the reference count of \var{newpart}. |
| 7782 | 2290 \end{cfuncdesc} |
| 2291 | |
| 2292 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{_PyString_Resize}{PyObject **string, int newsize} | |
|
8109
2e49bc89fafa
Filled in some more blanks, with the help of Drew Csillag.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
8057
diff
changeset
|
2293 A way to resize a string object even though it is ``immutable''. |
|
2e49bc89fafa
Filled in some more blanks, with the help of Drew Csillag.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
8057
diff
changeset
|
2294 Only use this to build up a brand new string object; don't use this if |
|
2e49bc89fafa
Filled in some more blanks, with the help of Drew Csillag.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
8057
diff
changeset
|
2295 the string may already be known in other parts of the code. |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
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changeset
|
2296 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
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7268
diff
changeset
|
2297 |
| 7782 | 2298 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyString_Format}{PyObject *format, |
| 2299 PyObject *args} | |
|
8109
2e49bc89fafa
Filled in some more blanks, with the help of Drew Csillag.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
8057
diff
changeset
|
2300 Returns a new string object from \var{format} and \var{args}. Analogous |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
2301 to \code{\var{format} \%\ \var{args}}. The \var{args} argument must be |
|
8109
2e49bc89fafa
Filled in some more blanks, with the help of Drew Csillag.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
8057
diff
changeset
|
2302 a tuple. |
| 7782 | 2303 \end{cfuncdesc} |
| 2304 | |
| 2305 \begin{cfuncdesc}{void}{PyString_InternInPlace}{PyObject **string} | |
|
8109
2e49bc89fafa
Filled in some more blanks, with the help of Drew Csillag.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
8057
diff
changeset
|
2306 Intern the argument \var{*string} in place. The argument must be the |
|
2e49bc89fafa
Filled in some more blanks, with the help of Drew Csillag.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
8057
diff
changeset
|
2307 address of a pointer variable pointing to a Python string object. |
|
2e49bc89fafa
Filled in some more blanks, with the help of Drew Csillag.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
8057
diff
changeset
|
2308 If there is an existing interned string that is the same as |
|
2e49bc89fafa
Filled in some more blanks, with the help of Drew Csillag.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
8057
diff
changeset
|
2309 \var{*string}, it sets \var{*string} to it (decrementing the reference |
|
2e49bc89fafa
Filled in some more blanks, with the help of Drew Csillag.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
8057
diff
changeset
|
2310 count of the old string object and incrementing the reference count of |
|
2e49bc89fafa
Filled in some more blanks, with the help of Drew Csillag.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
8057
diff
changeset
|
2311 the interned string object), otherwise it leaves \var{*string} alone |
|
2e49bc89fafa
Filled in some more blanks, with the help of Drew Csillag.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
8057
diff
changeset
|
2312 and interns it (incrementing its reference count). (Clarification: |
|
2e49bc89fafa
Filled in some more blanks, with the help of Drew Csillag.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
8057
diff
changeset
|
2313 even though there is a lot of talk about reference counts, think of |
|
8120
068fea15cbcd
Convert recent additions to use new, "logical" markup.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
8109
diff
changeset
|
2314 this function as reference-count-neutral; you own the object after |
|
068fea15cbcd
Convert recent additions to use new, "logical" markup.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
8109
diff
changeset
|
2315 the call if and only if you owned it before the call.) |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
2316 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
2317 |
| 7782 | 2318 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyString_InternFromString}{const char *v} |
|
8120
068fea15cbcd
Convert recent additions to use new, "logical" markup.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
8109
diff
changeset
|
2319 A combination of \cfunction{PyString_FromString()} and |
|
068fea15cbcd
Convert recent additions to use new, "logical" markup.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
8109
diff
changeset
|
2320 \cfunction{PyString_InternInPlace()}, returning either a new string object |
|
8109
2e49bc89fafa
Filled in some more blanks, with the help of Drew Csillag.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
8057
diff
changeset
|
2321 that has been interned, or a new (``owned'') reference to an earlier |
|
2e49bc89fafa
Filled in some more blanks, with the help of Drew Csillag.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
8057
diff
changeset
|
2322 interned string object with the same value. |
| 7782 | 2323 \end{cfuncdesc} |
| 2324 | |
|
13404
4cf21852fd52
Added docs for the new Unicode and string APIs.
Marc-André Lemburg <mal@egenix.com>
parents:
13321
diff
changeset
|
2325 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyString_Decode}{const char *s, |
|
4cf21852fd52
Added docs for the new Unicode and string APIs.
Marc-André Lemburg <mal@egenix.com>
parents:
13321
diff
changeset
|
2326 int size, |
|
4cf21852fd52
Added docs for the new Unicode and string APIs.
Marc-André Lemburg <mal@egenix.com>
parents:
13321
diff
changeset
|
2327 const char *encoding, |
|
4cf21852fd52
Added docs for the new Unicode and string APIs.
Marc-André Lemburg <mal@egenix.com>
parents:
13321
diff
changeset
|
2328 const char *errors} |
|
17835
9ea87c0a7c04
This patch changes the way the string .encode() method works slightly
Marc-André Lemburg <mal@egenix.com>
parents:
17696
diff
changeset
|
2329 Creates an object by decoding \var{size} bytes of the encoded |
|
9ea87c0a7c04
This patch changes the way the string .encode() method works slightly
Marc-André Lemburg <mal@egenix.com>
parents:
17696
diff
changeset
|
2330 buffer \var{s} using the codec registered |
|
9ea87c0a7c04
This patch changes the way the string .encode() method works slightly
Marc-André Lemburg <mal@egenix.com>
parents:
17696
diff
changeset
|
2331 for \var{encoding}. \var{encoding} and \var{errors} have the same meaning |
|
13404
4cf21852fd52
Added docs for the new Unicode and string APIs.
Marc-André Lemburg <mal@egenix.com>
parents:
13321
diff
changeset
|
2332 as the parameters of the same name in the unicode() builtin |
|
4cf21852fd52
Added docs for the new Unicode and string APIs.
Marc-André Lemburg <mal@egenix.com>
parents:
13321
diff
changeset
|
2333 function. The codec to be used is looked up using the Python codec |
|
4cf21852fd52
Added docs for the new Unicode and string APIs.
Marc-André Lemburg <mal@egenix.com>
parents:
13321
diff
changeset
|
2334 registry. Returns \NULL{} in case an exception was raised by the |
|
4cf21852fd52
Added docs for the new Unicode and string APIs.
Marc-André Lemburg <mal@egenix.com>
parents:
13321
diff
changeset
|
2335 codec. |
|
4cf21852fd52
Added docs for the new Unicode and string APIs.
Marc-André Lemburg <mal@egenix.com>
parents:
13321
diff
changeset
|
2336 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
4cf21852fd52
Added docs for the new Unicode and string APIs.
Marc-André Lemburg <mal@egenix.com>
parents:
13321
diff
changeset
|
2337 |
|
17835
9ea87c0a7c04
This patch changes the way the string .encode() method works slightly
Marc-André Lemburg <mal@egenix.com>
parents:
17696
diff
changeset
|
2338 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyString_AsDecodedObject}{PyObject *str, |
|
9ea87c0a7c04
This patch changes the way the string .encode() method works slightly
Marc-André Lemburg <mal@egenix.com>
parents:
17696
diff
changeset
|
2339 const char *encoding, |
|
9ea87c0a7c04
This patch changes the way the string .encode() method works slightly
Marc-André Lemburg <mal@egenix.com>
parents:
17696
diff
changeset
|
2340 const char *errors} |
|
9ea87c0a7c04
This patch changes the way the string .encode() method works slightly
Marc-André Lemburg <mal@egenix.com>
parents:
17696
diff
changeset
|
2341 Decodes a string object by passing it to the codec registered |
|
9ea87c0a7c04
This patch changes the way the string .encode() method works slightly
Marc-André Lemburg <mal@egenix.com>
parents:
17696
diff
changeset
|
2342 for \var{encoding} and returns the result as Python |
|
9ea87c0a7c04
This patch changes the way the string .encode() method works slightly
Marc-André Lemburg <mal@egenix.com>
parents:
17696
diff
changeset
|
2343 object. \var{encoding} and \var{errors} have the same meaning as the |
|
9ea87c0a7c04
This patch changes the way the string .encode() method works slightly
Marc-André Lemburg <mal@egenix.com>
parents:
17696
diff
changeset
|
2344 parameters of the same name in the string .encode() method. The codec |
|
9ea87c0a7c04
This patch changes the way the string .encode() method works slightly
Marc-André Lemburg <mal@egenix.com>
parents:
17696
diff
changeset
|
2345 to be used is looked up using the Python codec registry. Returns |
|
9ea87c0a7c04
This patch changes the way the string .encode() method works slightly
Marc-André Lemburg <mal@egenix.com>
parents:
17696
diff
changeset
|
2346 \NULL{} in case an exception was raised by the codec. |
|
9ea87c0a7c04
This patch changes the way the string .encode() method works slightly
Marc-André Lemburg <mal@egenix.com>
parents:
17696
diff
changeset
|
2347 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
9ea87c0a7c04
This patch changes the way the string .encode() method works slightly
Marc-André Lemburg <mal@egenix.com>
parents:
17696
diff
changeset
|
2348 |
|
9ea87c0a7c04
This patch changes the way the string .encode() method works slightly
Marc-André Lemburg <mal@egenix.com>
parents:
17696
diff
changeset
|
2349 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyString_Encode}{const char *s, |
|
13404
4cf21852fd52
Added docs for the new Unicode and string APIs.
Marc-André Lemburg <mal@egenix.com>
parents:
13321
diff
changeset
|
2350 int size, |
|
4cf21852fd52
Added docs for the new Unicode and string APIs.
Marc-André Lemburg <mal@egenix.com>
parents:
13321
diff
changeset
|
2351 const char *encoding, |
|
4cf21852fd52
Added docs for the new Unicode and string APIs.
Marc-André Lemburg <mal@egenix.com>
parents:
13321
diff
changeset
|
2352 const char *errors} |
|
17835
9ea87c0a7c04
This patch changes the way the string .encode() method works slightly
Marc-André Lemburg <mal@egenix.com>
parents:
17696
diff
changeset
|
2353 Encodes the \ctype{char} buffer of the given size by passing it to |
|
9ea87c0a7c04
This patch changes the way the string .encode() method works slightly
Marc-André Lemburg <mal@egenix.com>
parents:
17696
diff
changeset
|
2354 the codec registered for \var{encoding} and returns a Python object. |
|
9ea87c0a7c04
This patch changes the way the string .encode() method works slightly
Marc-André Lemburg <mal@egenix.com>
parents:
17696
diff
changeset
|
2355 \var{encoding} and \var{errors} have the same |
|
13404
4cf21852fd52
Added docs for the new Unicode and string APIs.
Marc-André Lemburg <mal@egenix.com>
parents:
13321
diff
changeset
|
2356 meaning as the parameters of the same name in the string .encode() |
|
4cf21852fd52
Added docs for the new Unicode and string APIs.
Marc-André Lemburg <mal@egenix.com>
parents:
13321
diff
changeset
|
2357 method. The codec to be used is looked up using the Python codec |
|
4cf21852fd52
Added docs for the new Unicode and string APIs.
Marc-André Lemburg <mal@egenix.com>
parents:
13321
diff
changeset
|
2358 registry. Returns \NULL{} in case an exception was raised by the |
|
4cf21852fd52
Added docs for the new Unicode and string APIs.
Marc-André Lemburg <mal@egenix.com>
parents:
13321
diff
changeset
|
2359 codec. |
|
4cf21852fd52
Added docs for the new Unicode and string APIs.
Marc-André Lemburg <mal@egenix.com>
parents:
13321
diff
changeset
|
2360 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
4cf21852fd52
Added docs for the new Unicode and string APIs.
Marc-André Lemburg <mal@egenix.com>
parents:
13321
diff
changeset
|
2361 |
|
17835
9ea87c0a7c04
This patch changes the way the string .encode() method works slightly
Marc-André Lemburg <mal@egenix.com>
parents:
17696
diff
changeset
|
2362 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyString_AsEncodedObject}{PyObject *str, |
|
13404
4cf21852fd52
Added docs for the new Unicode and string APIs.
Marc-André Lemburg <mal@egenix.com>
parents:
13321
diff
changeset
|
2363 const char *encoding, |
|
4cf21852fd52
Added docs for the new Unicode and string APIs.
Marc-André Lemburg <mal@egenix.com>
parents:
13321
diff
changeset
|
2364 const char *errors} |
|
17835
9ea87c0a7c04
This patch changes the way the string .encode() method works slightly
Marc-André Lemburg <mal@egenix.com>
parents:
17696
diff
changeset
|
2365 Encodes a string object using the codec registered |
|
9ea87c0a7c04
This patch changes the way the string .encode() method works slightly
Marc-André Lemburg <mal@egenix.com>
parents:
17696
diff
changeset
|
2366 for \var{encoding} and returns the result as Python |
|
13404
4cf21852fd52
Added docs for the new Unicode and string APIs.
Marc-André Lemburg <mal@egenix.com>
parents:
13321
diff
changeset
|
2367 object. \var{encoding} and \var{errors} have the same meaning as the |
|
4cf21852fd52
Added docs for the new Unicode and string APIs.
Marc-André Lemburg <mal@egenix.com>
parents:
13321
diff
changeset
|
2368 parameters of the same name in the string .encode() method. The codec |
|
4cf21852fd52
Added docs for the new Unicode and string APIs.
Marc-André Lemburg <mal@egenix.com>
parents:
13321
diff
changeset
|
2369 to be used is looked up using the Python codec registry. Returns |
|
4cf21852fd52
Added docs for the new Unicode and string APIs.
Marc-André Lemburg <mal@egenix.com>
parents:
13321
diff
changeset
|
2370 \NULL{} in case an exception was raised by the codec. |
|
4cf21852fd52
Added docs for the new Unicode and string APIs.
Marc-André Lemburg <mal@egenix.com>
parents:
13321
diff
changeset
|
2371 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
4cf21852fd52
Added docs for the new Unicode and string APIs.
Marc-André Lemburg <mal@egenix.com>
parents:
13321
diff
changeset
|
2372 |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
2373 |
|
12258
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2374 \subsection{Unicode Objects \label{unicodeObjects}} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2375 \sectionauthor{Marc-Andre Lemburg}{mal@lemburg.com} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2376 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2377 %--- Unicode Type ------------------------------------------------------- |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2378 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2379 These are the basic Unicode object types used for the Unicode |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2380 implementation in Python: |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2381 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2382 \begin{ctypedesc}{Py_UNICODE} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2383 This type represents a 16-bit unsigned storage type which is used by |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2384 Python internally as basis for holding Unicode ordinals. On platforms |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2385 where \ctype{wchar_t} is available and also has 16-bits, |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2386 \ctype{Py_UNICODE} is a typedef alias for \ctype{wchar_t} to enhance |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2387 native platform compatibility. On all other platforms, |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2388 \ctype{Py_UNICODE} is a typedef alias for \ctype{unsigned short}. |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2389 \end{ctypedesc} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2390 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2391 \begin{ctypedesc}{PyUnicodeObject} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2392 This subtype of \ctype{PyObject} represents a Python Unicode object. |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2393 \end{ctypedesc} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2394 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2395 \begin{cvardesc}{PyTypeObject}{PyUnicode_Type} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2396 This instance of \ctype{PyTypeObject} represents the Python Unicode type. |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2397 \end{cvardesc} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2398 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2399 %--- These are really C macros... is there a macrodesc TeX macro ? |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2400 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2401 The following APIs are really C macros and can be used to do fast |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2402 checks and to access internal read-only data of Unicode objects: |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2403 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2404 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyUnicode_Check}{PyObject *o} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2405 Returns true if the object \var{o} is a Unicode object. |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2406 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2407 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2408 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyUnicode_GET_SIZE}{PyObject *o} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2409 Returns the size of the object. o has to be a |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2410 PyUnicodeObject (not checked). |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2411 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2412 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2413 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyUnicode_GET_DATA_SIZE}{PyObject *o} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2414 Returns the size of the object's internal buffer in bytes. o has to be |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2415 a PyUnicodeObject (not checked). |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2416 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2417 |
|
12932
1fa7c119b7a5
Updates from Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@leburg.com> for the Unicode support.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12930
diff
changeset
|
2418 \begin{cfuncdesc}{Py_UNICODE*}{PyUnicode_AS_UNICODE}{PyObject *o} |
|
12258
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2419 Returns a pointer to the internal Py_UNICODE buffer of the object. o |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2420 has to be a PyUnicodeObject (not checked). |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2421 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
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|
2422 |
|
12932
1fa7c119b7a5
Updates from Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@leburg.com> for the Unicode support.
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|
2423 \begin{cfuncdesc}{const char*}{PyUnicode_AS_DATA}{PyObject *o} |
|
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|
2424 Returns a (const char *) pointer to the internal buffer of the object. |
|
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|
2425 o has to be a PyUnicodeObject (not checked). |
|
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|
2426 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
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|
2427 |
|
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|
2428 % --- Unicode character properties --------------------------------------- |
|
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|
2429 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
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changeset
|
2430 Unicode provides many different character properties. The most often |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
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|
2431 needed ones are available through these macros which are mapped to C |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
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|
2432 functions depending on the Python configuration. |
|
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|
2433 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
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|
2434 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{Py_UNICODE_ISSPACE}{Py_UNICODE ch} |
|
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|
2435 Returns 1/0 depending on whether \var{ch} is a whitespace character. |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
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|
2436 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
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|
2437 |
|
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|
2438 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{Py_UNICODE_ISLOWER}{Py_UNICODE ch} |
|
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|
2439 Returns 1/0 depending on whether \var{ch} is a lowercase character. |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
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|
2440 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
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|
2441 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
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|
2442 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{Py_UNICODE_ISUPPER}{Py_UNICODE ch} |
|
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ac24d82d8e33
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|
2443 Returns 1/0 depending on whether \var{ch} is an uppercase character. |
|
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|
2444 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
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|
2445 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
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|
2446 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{Py_UNICODE_ISTITLE}{Py_UNICODE ch} |
|
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|
2447 Returns 1/0 depending on whether \var{ch} is a titlecase character. |
|
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|
2448 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
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|
2449 |
|
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|
2450 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{Py_UNICODE_ISLINEBREAK}{Py_UNICODE ch} |
|
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|
2451 Returns 1/0 depending on whether \var{ch} is a linebreak character. |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
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|
2452 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
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|
2453 |
|
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|
2454 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{Py_UNICODE_ISDECIMAL}{Py_UNICODE ch} |
|
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|
2455 Returns 1/0 depending on whether \var{ch} is a decimal character. |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
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|
2456 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
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|
2457 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
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changeset
|
2458 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{Py_UNICODE_ISDIGIT}{Py_UNICODE ch} |
|
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|
2459 Returns 1/0 depending on whether \var{ch} is a digit character. |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
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|
2460 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
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|
2461 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
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changeset
|
2462 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{Py_UNICODE_ISNUMERIC}{Py_UNICODE ch} |
|
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|
2463 Returns 1/0 depending on whether \var{ch} is a numeric character. |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
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|
2464 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
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|
2465 |
|
13321
ac24d82d8e33
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|
2466 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{Py_UNICODE_ISALPHA}{Py_UNICODE ch} |
|
ac24d82d8e33
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|
2467 Returns 1/0 depending on whether \var{ch} is an alphabetic character. |
|
ac24d82d8e33
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|
2468 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
ac24d82d8e33
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|
2469 |
|
ac24d82d8e33
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diff
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|
2470 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{Py_UNICODE_ISALNUM}{Py_UNICODE ch} |
|
ac24d82d8e33
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diff
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|
2471 Returns 1/0 depending on whether \var{ch} is an alphanumeric character. |
|
ac24d82d8e33
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|
2472 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
ac24d82d8e33
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|
2473 |
|
12258
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|
2474 These APIs can be used for fast direct character conversions: |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
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changeset
|
2475 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
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changeset
|
2476 \begin{cfuncdesc}{Py_UNICODE}{Py_UNICODE_TOLOWER}{Py_UNICODE ch} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
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|
2477 Returns the character \var{ch} converted to lower case. |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
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|
2478 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
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changeset
|
2479 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
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changeset
|
2480 \begin{cfuncdesc}{Py_UNICODE}{Py_UNICODE_TOUPPER}{Py_UNICODE ch} |
|
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|
2481 Returns the character \var{ch} converted to upper case. |
|
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|
2482 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
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changeset
|
2483 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
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diff
changeset
|
2484 \begin{cfuncdesc}{Py_UNICODE}{Py_UNICODE_TOTITLE}{Py_UNICODE ch} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
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|
2485 Returns the character \var{ch} converted to title case. |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
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|
2486 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
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|
2487 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
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diff
changeset
|
2488 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{Py_UNICODE_TODECIMAL}{Py_UNICODE ch} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
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changeset
|
2489 Returns the character \var{ch} converted to a decimal positive integer. |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
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|
2490 Returns -1 in case this is not possible. Does not raise exceptions. |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
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|
2491 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
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diff
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|
2492 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
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diff
changeset
|
2493 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{Py_UNICODE_TODIGIT}{Py_UNICODE ch} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
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diff
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|
2494 Returns the character \var{ch} converted to a single digit integer. |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
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|
2495 Returns -1 in case this is not possible. Does not raise exceptions. |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
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|
2496 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
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|
2497 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
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diff
changeset
|
2498 \begin{cfuncdesc}{double}{Py_UNICODE_TONUMERIC}{Py_UNICODE ch} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
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|
2499 Returns the character \var{ch} converted to a (positive) double. |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
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|
2500 Returns -1.0 in case this is not possible. Does not raise exceptions. |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
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|
2501 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
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|
2502 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
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changeset
|
2503 % --- Plain Py_UNICODE --------------------------------------------------- |
|
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|
2504 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
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changeset
|
2505 To create Unicode objects and access their basic sequence properties, |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
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|
2506 use these APIs: |
|
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changeset
|
2507 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
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changeset
|
2508 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyUnicode_FromUnicode}{const Py_UNICODE *u, |
|
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|
2509 int size} |
|
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|
2510 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
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changeset
|
2511 Create a Unicode Object from the Py_UNICODE buffer \var{u} of the |
|
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|
2512 given size. \var{u} may be \NULL{} which causes the contents to be |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
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changeset
|
2513 undefined. It is the user's responsibility to fill in the needed data. |
|
17618
b44ba7c01217
This patch originated from an idea by Martin v. Loewis who submitted a
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diff
changeset
|
2514 The buffer is copied into the new object. If the buffer is not \NULL{}, |
|
b44ba7c01217
This patch originated from an idea by Martin v. Loewis who submitted a
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diff
changeset
|
2515 the return value might be a shared object. Therefore, modification of |
|
b44ba7c01217
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diff
changeset
|
2516 the resulting Unicode Object is only allowed when \var{u} is \NULL{}. |
|
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|
2517 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
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|
2518 |
| 12947 | 2519 \begin{cfuncdesc}{Py_UNICODE*}{PyUnicode_AsUnicode}{PyObject *unicode} |
|
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|
2520 Return a read-only pointer to the Unicode object's internal |
|
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|
2521 \ctype{Py_UNICODE} buffer. |
|
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|
2522 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
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|
2523 |
|
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changeset
|
2524 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyUnicode_GetSize}{PyObject *unicode} |
|
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|
2525 Return the length of the Unicode object. |
|
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changeset
|
2526 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
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changeset
|
2527 |
|
13404
4cf21852fd52
Added docs for the new Unicode and string APIs.
Marc-André Lemburg <mal@egenix.com>
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13321
diff
changeset
|
2528 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyUnicode_FromEncodedObject}{PyObject *obj, |
|
4cf21852fd52
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|
2529 const char *encoding, |
|
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|
2530 const char *errors} |
|
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|
2531 |
|
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Added docs for the new Unicode and string APIs.
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|
2532 Coerce an encoded object obj to an Unicode object and return a |
|
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Added docs for the new Unicode and string APIs.
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|
2533 reference with incremented refcount. |
|
12258
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|
2534 |
|
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|
2535 Coercion is done in the following way: |
|
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|
2536 \begin{enumerate} |
|
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|
2537 \item Unicode objects are passed back as-is with incremented |
|
13404
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Added docs for the new Unicode and string APIs.
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|
2538 refcount. Note: these cannot be decoded; passing a non-NULL |
|
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Added docs for the new Unicode and string APIs.
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|
2539 value for encoding will result in a TypeError. |
|
12258
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|
2540 |
|
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|
2541 \item String and other char buffer compatible objects are decoded |
|
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Added docs for the new Unicode and string APIs.
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|
2542 according to the given encoding and using the error handling |
|
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Added docs for the new Unicode and string APIs.
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|
2543 defined by errors. Both can be NULL to have the interface use |
|
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Added docs for the new Unicode and string APIs.
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|
2544 the default values (see the next section for details). |
|
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|
2545 |
|
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|
2546 \item All other objects cause an exception. |
|
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2547 \end{enumerate} |
|
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2548 The API returns NULL in case of an error. The caller is responsible |
|
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|
2549 for decref'ing the returned objects. |
|
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|
2550 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
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2551 |
|
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|
2552 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyUnicode_FromObject}{PyObject *obj} |
|
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|
2553 |
|
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|
2554 Shortcut for PyUnicode_FromEncodedObject(obj, NULL, ``strict'') |
|
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|
2555 which is used throughout the interpreter whenever coercion to |
|
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|
2556 Unicode is needed. |
|
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|
2557 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
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|
2558 |
|
12258
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|
2559 % --- wchar_t support for platforms which support it --------------------- |
|
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|
2560 |
|
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|
2561 If the platform supports \ctype{wchar_t} and provides a header file |
|
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|
2562 wchar.h, Python can interface directly to this type using the |
|
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|
2563 following functions. Support is optimized if Python's own |
|
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|
2564 \ctype{Py_UNICODE} type is identical to the system's \ctype{wchar_t}. |
|
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|
2565 |
|
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|
2566 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyUnicode_FromWideChar}{const wchar_t *w, |
|
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|
2567 int size} |
|
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|
2568 Create a Unicode Object from the \ctype{whcar_t} buffer \var{w} of the |
|
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|
2569 given size. Returns \NULL{} on failure. |
|
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|
2570 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
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|
2571 |
|
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|
2572 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyUnicode_AsWideChar}{PyUnicodeObject *unicode, |
|
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|
2573 wchar_t *w, |
|
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|
2574 int size} |
|
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|
2575 Copies the Unicode Object contents into the \ctype{whcar_t} buffer |
|
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|
2576 \var{w}. At most \var{size} \ctype{whcar_t} characters are copied. |
|
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|
2577 Returns the number of \ctype{whcar_t} characters copied or -1 in case |
|
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|
2578 of an error. |
|
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|
2579 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
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|
2580 |
|
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|
2581 |
|
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|
2582 \subsubsection{Builtin Codecs \label{builtinCodecs}} |
|
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|
2583 |
|
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|
2584 Python provides a set of builtin codecs which are written in C |
|
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|
2585 for speed. All of these codecs are directly usable via the |
|
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|
2586 following functions. |
|
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|
2587 |
|
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|
2588 Many of the following APIs take two arguments encoding and |
|
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|
2589 errors. These parameters encoding and errors have the same semantics |
|
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|
2590 as the ones of the builtin unicode() Unicode object constructor. |
|
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|
2591 |
|
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|
2592 Setting encoding to NULL causes the default encoding to be used which |
|
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|
2593 is UTF-8. |
|
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|
2594 |
|
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|
2595 Error handling is set by errors which may also be set to NULL meaning |
|
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|
2596 to use the default handling defined for the codec. Default error |
|
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|
2597 handling for all builtin codecs is ``strict'' (ValueErrors are raised). |
|
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|
2598 |
|
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|
2599 The codecs all use a similar interface. Only deviation from the |
|
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|
2600 following generic ones are documented for simplicity. |
|
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|
2601 |
|
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|
2602 % --- Generic Codecs ----------------------------------------------------- |
|
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|
2603 |
|
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|
2604 These are the generic codec APIs: |
|
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|
2605 |
|
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|
2606 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyUnicode_Decode}{const char *s, |
|
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|
2607 int size, |
|
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|
2608 const char *encoding, |
|
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|
2609 const char *errors} |
|
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|
2610 Create a Unicode object by decoding \var{size} bytes of the encoded |
|
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|
2611 string \var{s}. \var{encoding} and \var{errors} have the same meaning |
|
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|
2612 as the parameters of the same name in the unicode() builtin |
|
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|
2613 function. The codec to be used is looked up using the Python codec |
|
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|
2614 registry. Returns \NULL{} in case an exception was raised by the |
|
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|
2615 codec. |
|
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|
2616 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
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|
2617 |
|
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|
2618 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyUnicode_Encode}{const Py_UNICODE *s, |
|
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|
2619 int size, |
|
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|
2620 const char *encoding, |
|
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|
2621 const char *errors} |
|
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|
2622 Encodes the \ctype{Py_UNICODE} buffer of the given size and returns a |
|
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|
2623 Python string object. \var{encoding} and \var{errors} have the same |
|
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|
2624 meaning as the parameters of the same name in the Unicode .encode() |
|
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|
2625 method. The codec to be used is looked up using the Python codec |
|
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|
2626 registry. Returns \NULL{} in case an exception was raised by the |
|
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|
2627 codec. |
|
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|
2628 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
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|
2629 |
|
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|
2630 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyUnicode_AsEncodedString}{PyObject *unicode, |
|
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|
2631 const char *encoding, |
|
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|
2632 const char *errors} |
|
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|
2633 Encodes a Unicode object and returns the result as Python string |
|
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|
2634 object. \var{encoding} and \var{errors} have the same meaning as the |
|
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|
2635 parameters of the same name in the Unicode .encode() method. The codec |
|
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|
2636 to be used is looked up using the Python codec registry. Returns |
|
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|
2637 \NULL{} in case an exception was raised by the codec. |
|
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|
2638 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
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|
2639 |
|
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|
2640 % --- UTF-8 Codecs ------------------------------------------------------- |
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2641 |
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|
2642 These are the UTF-8 codec APIs: |
|
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2643 |
|
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|
2644 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyUnicode_DecodeUTF8}{const char *s, |
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2645 int size, |
|
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|
2646 const char *errors} |
|
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2647 Creates a Unicode object by decoding \var{size} bytes of the UTF-8 |
|
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|
2648 encoded string \var{s}. Returns \NULL{} in case an exception was |
|
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2649 raised by the codec. |
|
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|
2650 \end{cfuncdesc} |
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2651 |
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|
2652 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyUnicode_EncodeUTF8}{const Py_UNICODE *s, |
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2653 int size, |
|
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|
2654 const char *errors} |
|
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|
2655 Encodes the \ctype{Py_UNICODE} buffer of the given size using UTF-8 |
|
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|
2656 and returns a Python string object. Returns \NULL{} in case an |
|
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|
2657 exception was raised by the codec. |
|
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|
2658 \end{cfuncdesc} |
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|
2659 |
|
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|
2660 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyUnicode_AsUTF8String}{PyObject *unicode} |
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|
2661 Encodes a Unicode objects using UTF-8 and returns the result as Python |
|
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2662 string object. Error handling is ``strict''. Returns |
|
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2663 \NULL{} in case an exception was raised by the codec. |
|
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2664 \end{cfuncdesc} |
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|
2665 |
|
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2666 % --- UTF-16 Codecs ------------------------------------------------------ */ |
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2667 |
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|
2668 These are the UTF-16 codec APIs: |
|
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|
2669 |
|
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|
2670 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyUnicode_DecodeUTF16}{const char *s, |
|
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|
2671 int size, |
|
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|
2672 const char *errors, |
|
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|
2673 int *byteorder} |
|
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2674 Decodes \var{length} bytes from a UTF-16 encoded buffer string and |
|
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2675 returns the corresponding Unicode object. |
|
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|
2676 |
|
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|
2677 \var{errors} (if non-NULL) defines the error handling. It defaults |
|
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|
2678 to ``strict''. |
|
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|
2679 |
|
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|
2680 If \var{byteorder} is non-\NULL{}, the decoder starts decoding using |
|
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|
2681 the given byte order: |
|
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|
2682 |
|
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|
2683 \begin{verbatim} |
|
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2684 *byteorder == -1: little endian |
|
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|
2685 *byteorder == 0: native order |
|
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|
2686 *byteorder == 1: big endian |
|
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|
2687 \end{verbatim} |
|
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|
2688 |
|
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|
2689 and then switches according to all byte order marks (BOM) it finds in |
|
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|
2690 the input data. BOM marks are not copied into the resulting Unicode |
|
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|
2691 string. After completion, \var{*byteorder} is set to the current byte |
|
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|
2692 order at the end of input data. |
|
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|
2693 |
|
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|
2694 If \var{byteorder} is \NULL{}, the codec starts in native order mode. |
|
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|
2695 |
|
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|
2696 Returns \NULL{} in case an exception was raised by the codec. |
|
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|
2697 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
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|
2698 |
|
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|
2699 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyUnicode_EncodeUTF16}{const Py_UNICODE *s, |
|
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|
2700 int size, |
|
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|
2701 const char *errors, |
|
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|
2702 int byteorder} |
|
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|
2703 Returns a Python string object holding the UTF-16 encoded value of the |
|
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|
2704 Unicode data in \var{s}. |
|
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|
2705 |
|
12930
6618325574cb
Documented PySequence_List() and PySequence_Tuple().
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|
2706 If \var{byteorder} is not \code{0}, output is written according to the |
|
12258
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|
2707 following byte order: |
|
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|
2708 |
|
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|
2709 \begin{verbatim} |
|
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|
2710 byteorder == -1: little endian |
|
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|
2711 byteorder == 0: native byte order (writes a BOM mark) |
|
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|
2712 byteorder == 1: big endian |
|
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|
2713 \end{verbatim} |
|
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|
2714 |
|
12930
6618325574cb
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diff
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|
2715 If byteorder is \code{0}, the output string will always start with the |
|
12258
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|
2716 Unicode BOM mark (U+FEFF). In the other two modes, no BOM mark is |
|
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|
2717 prepended. |
|
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|
2718 |
|
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|
2719 Note that \ctype{Py_UNICODE} data is being interpreted as UTF-16 |
|
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|
2720 reduced to UCS-2. This trick makes it possible to add full UTF-16 |
|
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|
2721 capabilities at a later point without comprimising the APIs. |
|
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|
2722 |
|
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|
2723 Returns \NULL{} in case an exception was raised by the codec. |
|
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|
2724 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
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|
2725 |
|
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|
2726 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyUnicode_AsUTF16String}{PyObject *unicode} |
|
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|
2727 Returns a Python string using the UTF-16 encoding in native byte |
|
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|
2728 order. The string always starts with a BOM mark. Error handling is |
|
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|
2729 ``strict''. Returns \NULL{} in case an exception was raised by the |
|
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|
2730 codec. |
|
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|
2731 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
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|
2732 |
|
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|
2733 % --- Unicode-Escape Codecs ---------------------------------------------- |
|
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|
2734 |
|
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|
2735 These are the ``Unicode Esacpe'' codec APIs: |
|
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|
2736 |
|
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|
2737 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyUnicode_DecodeUnicodeEscape}{const char *s, |
|
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|
2738 int size, |
|
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|
2739 const char *errors} |
|
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|
2740 Creates a Unicode object by decoding \var{size} bytes of the Unicode-Esacpe |
|
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|
2741 encoded string \var{s}. Returns \NULL{} in case an exception was |
|
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|
2742 raised by the codec. |
|
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|
2743 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
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|
2744 |
|
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|
2745 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyUnicode_EncodeUnicodeEscape}{const Py_UNICODE *s, |
|
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|
2746 int size, |
|
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|
2747 const char *errors} |
|
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|
2748 Encodes the \ctype{Py_UNICODE} buffer of the given size using Unicode-Escape |
|
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|
2749 and returns a Python string object. Returns \NULL{} in case an |
|
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|
2750 exception was raised by the codec. |
|
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|
2751 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
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|
2752 |
|
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|
2753 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyUnicode_AsUnicodeEscapeString}{PyObject *unicode} |
|
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|
2754 Encodes a Unicode objects using Unicode-Escape and returns the result |
|
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|
2755 as Python string object. Error handling is ``strict''. Returns |
|
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|
2756 \NULL{} in case an exception was raised by the codec. |
|
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|
2757 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
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|
2758 |
|
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|
2759 % --- Raw-Unicode-Escape Codecs ------------------------------------------ |
|
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|
2760 |
|
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|
2761 These are the ``Raw Unicode Esacpe'' codec APIs: |
|
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|
2762 |
|
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|
2763 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyUnicode_DecodeRawUnicodeEscape}{const char *s, |
|
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|
2764 int size, |
|
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|
2765 const char *errors} |
|
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|
2766 Creates a Unicode object by decoding \var{size} bytes of the Raw-Unicode-Esacpe |
|
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|
2767 encoded string \var{s}. Returns \NULL{} in case an exception was |
|
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|
2768 raised by the codec. |
|
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|
2769 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
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|
2770 |
|
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|
2771 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyUnicode_EncodeRawUnicodeEscape}{const Py_UNICODE *s, |
|
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|
2772 int size, |
|
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|
2773 const char *errors} |
|
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|
2774 Encodes the \ctype{Py_UNICODE} buffer of the given size using Raw-Unicode-Escape |
|
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|
2775 and returns a Python string object. Returns \NULL{} in case an |
|
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|
2776 exception was raised by the codec. |
|
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|
2777 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
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|
2778 |
|
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changeset
|
2779 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyUnicode_AsRawUnicodeEscapeString}{PyObject *unicode} |
|
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|
2780 Encodes a Unicode objects using Raw-Unicode-Escape and returns the result |
|
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|
2781 as Python string object. Error handling is ``strict''. Returns |
|
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|
2782 \NULL{} in case an exception was raised by the codec. |
|
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|
2783 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
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|
2784 |
|
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|
2785 % --- Latin-1 Codecs ----------------------------------------------------- |
|
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|
2786 |
|
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changeset
|
2787 These are the Latin-1 codec APIs: |
|
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|
2788 |
|
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changeset
|
2789 Latin-1 corresponds to the first 256 Unicode ordinals and only these |
|
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|
2790 are accepted by the codecs during encoding. |
|
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|
2791 |
|
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changeset
|
2792 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyUnicode_DecodeLatin1}{const char *s, |
| 12947 | 2793 int size, |
| 2794 const char *errors} | |
|
12258
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|
2795 Creates a Unicode object by decoding \var{size} bytes of the Latin-1 |
|
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|
2796 encoded string \var{s}. Returns \NULL{} in case an exception was |
|
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|
2797 raised by the codec. |
|
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changeset
|
2798 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
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|
2799 |
|
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changeset
|
2800 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyUnicode_EncodeLatin1}{const Py_UNICODE *s, |
| 12947 | 2801 int size, |
| 2802 const char *errors} | |
|
12258
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|
2803 Encodes the \ctype{Py_UNICODE} buffer of the given size using Latin-1 |
|
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|
2804 and returns a Python string object. Returns \NULL{} in case an |
|
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|
2805 exception was raised by the codec. |
|
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|
2806 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
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|
2807 |
|
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changeset
|
2808 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyUnicode_AsLatin1String}{PyObject *unicode} |
|
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|
2809 Encodes a Unicode objects using Latin-1 and returns the result as |
|
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changeset
|
2810 Python string object. Error handling is ``strict''. Returns |
|
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|
2811 \NULL{} in case an exception was raised by the codec. |
|
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|
2812 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
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|
2813 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
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|
2814 % --- ASCII Codecs ------------------------------------------------------- |
|
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|
2815 |
| 12947 | 2816 These are the \ASCII{} codec APIs. Only 7-bit \ASCII{} data is |
| 2817 accepted. All other codes generate errors. | |
|
12258
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|
2818 |
|
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changeset
|
2819 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyUnicode_DecodeASCII}{const char *s, |
| 12947 | 2820 int size, |
| 2821 const char *errors} | |
| 2822 Creates a Unicode object by decoding \var{size} bytes of the | |
| 2823 \ASCII{} encoded string \var{s}. Returns \NULL{} in case an exception | |
| 2824 was raised by the codec. | |
|
12258
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|
2825 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
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changeset
|
2826 |
|
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changeset
|
2827 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyUnicode_EncodeASCII}{const Py_UNICODE *s, |
| 12947 | 2828 int size, |
| 2829 const char *errors} | |
| 2830 Encodes the \ctype{Py_UNICODE} buffer of the given size using | |
| 2831 \ASCII{} and returns a Python string object. Returns \NULL{} in case | |
| 2832 an exception was raised by the codec. | |
|
12258
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|
2833 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
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changeset
|
2834 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
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changeset
|
2835 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyUnicode_AsASCIIString}{PyObject *unicode} |
| 12947 | 2836 Encodes a Unicode objects using \ASCII{} and returns the result as Python |
|
12258
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|
2837 string object. Error handling is ``strict''. Returns |
|
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changeset
|
2838 \NULL{} in case an exception was raised by the codec. |
|
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changeset
|
2839 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
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changeset
|
2840 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
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changeset
|
2841 % --- Character Map Codecs ----------------------------------------------- |
|
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|
2842 |
|
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changeset
|
2843 These are the mapping codec APIs: |
|
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changeset
|
2844 |
|
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changeset
|
2845 This codec is special in that it can be used to implement many |
|
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|
2846 different codecs (and this is in fact what was done to obtain most of |
|
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|
2847 the standard codecs included in the \module{encodings} package). The |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
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|
2848 codec uses mapping to encode and decode characters. |
|
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|
2849 |
|
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changeset
|
2850 Decoding mappings must map single string characters to single Unicode |
|
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|
2851 characters, integers (which are then interpreted as Unicode ordinals) |
|
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|
2852 or None (meaning "undefined mapping" and causing an error). |
|
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|
2853 |
|
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changeset
|
2854 Encoding mappings must map single Unicode characters to single string |
|
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|
2855 characters, integers (which are then interpreted as Latin-1 ordinals) |
|
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|
2856 or None (meaning "undefined mapping" and causing an error). |
|
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|
2857 |
|
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changeset
|
2858 The mapping objects provided must only support the __getitem__ mapping |
|
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|
2859 interface. |
|
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changeset
|
2860 |
|
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changeset
|
2861 If a character lookup fails with a LookupError, the character is |
|
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|
2862 copied as-is meaning that its ordinal value will be interpreted as |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
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|
2863 Unicode or Latin-1 ordinal resp. Because of this, mappings only need |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
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changeset
|
2864 to contain those mappings which map characters to different code |
|
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|
2865 points. |
|
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changeset
|
2866 |
|
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changeset
|
2867 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyUnicode_DecodeCharmap}{const char *s, |
|
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|
2868 int size, |
|
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changeset
|
2869 PyObject *mapping, |
|
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changeset
|
2870 const char *errors} |
|
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changeset
|
2871 Creates a Unicode object by decoding \var{size} bytes of the encoded |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
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changeset
|
2872 string \var{s} using the given \var{mapping} object. Returns \NULL{} |
|
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changeset
|
2873 in case an exception was raised by the codec. |
|
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changeset
|
2874 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
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|
2875 |
|
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|
2876 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyUnicode_EncodeCharmap}{const Py_UNICODE *s, |
|
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|
2877 int size, |
|
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|
2878 PyObject *mapping, |
|
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|
2879 const char *errors} |
|
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|
2880 Encodes the \ctype{Py_UNICODE} buffer of the given size using the |
|
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|
2881 given \var{mapping} object and returns a Python string object. |
|
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|
2882 Returns \NULL{} in case an exception was raised by the codec. |
|
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|
2883 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
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|
2884 |
|
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|
2885 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyUnicode_AsCharmapString}{PyObject *unicode, |
|
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|
2886 PyObject *mapping} |
|
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|
2887 Encodes a Unicode objects using the given \var{mapping} object and |
|
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2888 returns the result as Python string object. Error handling is |
|
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|
2889 ``strict''. Returns \NULL{} in case an exception was raised by the |
|
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|
2890 codec. |
|
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|
2891 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
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|
2892 |
|
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|
2893 The following codec API is special in that maps Unicode to Unicode. |
|
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|
2894 |
|
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|
2895 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyUnicode_TranslateCharmap}{const Py_UNICODE *s, |
|
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2896 int size, |
|
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|
2897 PyObject *table, |
|
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|
2898 const char *errors} |
|
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|
2899 Translates a \ctype{Py_UNICODE} buffer of the given length by applying |
|
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|
2900 a character mapping \var{table} to it and returns the resulting |
| 12947 | 2901 Unicode object. Returns \NULL{} when an exception was raised by the |
| 2902 codec. | |
|
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|
2903 |
|
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|
2904 The \var{mapping} table must map Unicode ordinal integers to Unicode |
|
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|
2905 ordinal integers or None (causing deletion of the character). |
|
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|
2906 |
|
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|
2907 Mapping tables must only provide the __getitem__ interface, |
|
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|
2908 e.g. dictionaries or sequences. Unmapped character ordinals (ones |
|
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|
2909 which cause a LookupError) are left untouched and are copied as-is. |
|
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|
2910 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
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|
2911 |
|
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|
2912 % --- MBCS codecs for Windows -------------------------------------------- |
|
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|
2913 |
| 12947 | 2914 These are the MBCS codec APIs. They are currently only available on |
|
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|
2915 Windows and use the Win32 MBCS converters to implement the |
| 12947 | 2916 conversions. Note that MBCS (or DBCS) is a class of encodings, not |
| 2917 just one. The target encoding is defined by the user settings on the | |
| 2918 machine running the codec. | |
|
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|
2919 |
|
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|
2920 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyUnicode_DecodeMBCS}{const char *s, |
|
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|
2921 int size, |
|
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|
2922 const char *errors} |
|
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|
2923 Creates a Unicode object by decoding \var{size} bytes of the MBCS |
| 12947 | 2924 encoded string \var{s}. Returns \NULL{} in case an exception was |
|
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|
2925 raised by the codec. |
|
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|
2926 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
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|
2927 |
|
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|
2928 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyUnicode_EncodeMBCS}{const Py_UNICODE *s, |
|
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|
2929 int size, |
|
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|
2930 const char *errors} |
|
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|
2931 Encodes the \ctype{Py_UNICODE} buffer of the given size using MBCS |
|
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|
2932 and returns a Python string object. Returns \NULL{} in case an |
|
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|
2933 exception was raised by the codec. |
|
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|
2934 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
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|
2935 |
|
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changeset
|
2936 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyUnicode_AsMBCSString}{PyObject *unicode} |
|
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|
2937 Encodes a Unicode objects using MBCS and returns the result as Python |
| 12947 | 2938 string object. Error handling is ``strict''. Returns \NULL{} in case |
| 2939 an exception was raised by the codec. | |
|
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|
2940 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
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|
2941 |
|
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changeset
|
2942 % --- Methods & Slots ---------------------------------------------------- |
|
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|
2943 |
|
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|
2944 \subsubsection{Methods and Slot Functions \label{unicodeMethodsAndSlots}} |
|
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|
2945 |
|
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changeset
|
2946 The following APIs are capable of handling Unicode objects and strings |
|
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|
2947 on input (we refer to them as strings in the descriptions) and return |
|
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|
2948 Unicode objects or integers as apporpriate. |
|
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|
2949 |
|
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changeset
|
2950 They all return \NULL{} or -1 in case an exception occurrs. |
|
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|
2951 |
|
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changeset
|
2952 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyUnicode_Concat}{PyObject *left, |
|
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|
2953 PyObject *right} |
|
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|
2954 Concat two strings giving a new Unicode string. |
|
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|
2955 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
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|
2956 |
|
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changeset
|
2957 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyUnicode_Split}{PyObject *s, |
|
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|
2958 PyObject *sep, |
|
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|
2959 int maxsplit} |
|
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|
2960 Split a string giving a list of Unicode strings. |
|
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|
2961 |
|
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changeset
|
2962 If sep is NULL, splitting will be done at all whitespace |
|
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|
2963 substrings. Otherwise, splits occur at the given separator. |
|
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|
2964 |
|
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changeset
|
2965 At most maxsplit splits will be done. If negative, no limit is set. |
|
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|
2966 |
|
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|
2967 Separators are not included in the resulting list. |
|
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|
2968 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
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|
2969 |
|
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changeset
|
2970 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyUnicode_Splitlines}{PyObject *s, |
|
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|
2971 int maxsplit} |
| 12947 | 2972 Split a Unicode string at line breaks, returning a list of Unicode |
| 2973 strings. CRLF is considered to be one line break. The Line break | |
| 2974 characters are not included in the resulting strings. | |
|
12258
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|
2975 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
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|
2976 |
|
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changeset
|
2977 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyUnicode_Translate}{PyObject *str, |
|
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|
2978 PyObject *table, |
|
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|
2979 const char *errors} |
|
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changeset
|
2980 Translate a string by applying a character mapping table to it and |
|
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|
2981 return the resulting Unicode object. |
|
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changeset
|
2982 |
|
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changeset
|
2983 The mapping table must map Unicode ordinal integers to Unicode ordinal |
|
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|
2984 integers or None (causing deletion of the character). |
|
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|
2985 |
|
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changeset
|
2986 Mapping tables must only provide the __getitem__ interface, |
|
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|
2987 e.g. dictionaries or sequences. Unmapped character ordinals (ones |
|
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|
2988 which cause a LookupError) are left untouched and are copied as-is. |
|
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|
2989 |
|
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|
2990 \var{errors} has the usual meaning for codecs. It may be \NULL{} |
|
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|
2991 which indicates to use the default error handling. |
|
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|
2992 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
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|
2993 |
|
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changeset
|
2994 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyUnicode_Join}{PyObject *separator, |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
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diff
changeset
|
2995 PyObject *seq} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
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parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2996 Join a sequence of strings using the given separator and return |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2997 the resulting Unicode string. |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2998 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
2999 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
3000 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyUnicode_Tailmatch}{PyObject *str, |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
3001 PyObject *substr, |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
3002 int start, |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
3003 int end, |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
3004 int direction} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
3005 Return 1 if \var{substr} matches \var{str}[\var{start}:\var{end}] at |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
3006 the given tail end (\var{direction} == -1 means to do a prefix match, |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
3007 \var{direction} == 1 a suffix match), 0 otherwise. |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
3008 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
3009 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
3010 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyUnicode_Find}{PyObject *str, |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
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parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
3011 PyObject *substr, |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
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parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
3012 int start, |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
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parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
3013 int end, |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
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parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
3014 int direction} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
3015 Return the first position of \var{substr} in |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
3016 \var{str}[\var{start}:\var{end}] using the given \var{direction} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
3017 (\var{direction} == 1 means to do a forward search, |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
3018 \var{direction} == -1 a backward search), 0 otherwise. |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
3019 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
3020 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
3021 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyUnicode_Count}{PyObject *str, |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
3022 PyObject *substr, |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
3023 int start, |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
3024 int end} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
3025 Count the number of occurrences of \var{substr} in |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
3026 \var{str}[\var{start}:\var{end}] |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
3027 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
3028 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
3029 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyUnicode_Replace}{PyObject *str, |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
3030 PyObject *substr, |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
3031 PyObject *replstr, |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
3032 int maxcount} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
3033 Replace at most \var{maxcount} occurrences of \var{substr} in |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
3034 \var{str} with \var{replstr} and return the resulting Unicode object. |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
3035 \var{maxcount} == -1 means: replace all occurrences. |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
3036 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
3037 |
| 12947 | 3038 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyUnicode_Compare}{PyObject *left, PyObject *right} |
|
12258
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
3039 Compare two strings and return -1, 0, 1 for less than, equal, |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
3040 greater than resp. |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
3041 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
3042 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
3043 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyUnicode_Format}{PyObject *format, |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
3044 PyObject *args} |
| 12947 | 3045 Returns a new string object from \var{format} and \var{args}; this is |
| 3046 analogous to \code{\var{format} \%\ \var{args}}. The | |
| 3047 \var{args} argument must be a tuple. | |
|
12258
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
3048 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
3049 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
3050 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyUnicode_Contains}{PyObject *container, |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
3051 PyObject *element} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
3052 Checks whether \var{element} is contained in \var{container} and |
| 12947 | 3053 returns true or false accordingly. |
| 3054 | |
| 3055 \var{element} has to coerce to a one element Unicode string. \code{-1} is | |
|
12258
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
3056 returned in case of an error. |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
3057 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
3058 |
|
65bc5eaf47ce
Marc-Andre Lemburg <mal@lemburg.com>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12222
diff
changeset
|
3059 |
|
11176
64b15e9091a9
Started documentation on buffer objects & types. Very preliminary.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
11168
diff
changeset
|
3060 \subsection{Buffer Objects \label{bufferObjects}} |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3061 \sectionauthor{Greg Stein}{gstein@lyra.org} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3062 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3063 \obindex{buffer} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3064 Python objects implemented in C can export a group of functions called |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3065 the ``buffer\index{buffer interface} interface.'' These functions can |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3066 be used by an object to expose its data in a raw, byte-oriented |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3067 format. Clients of the object can use the buffer interface to access |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3068 the object data directly, without needing to copy it first. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3069 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3070 Two examples of objects that support |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3071 the buffer interface are strings and arrays. The string object exposes |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3072 the character contents in the buffer interface's byte-oriented |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3073 form. An array can also expose its contents, but it should be noted |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3074 that array elements may be multi-byte values. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3075 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3076 An example user of the buffer interface is the file object's |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3077 \method{write()} method. Any object that can export a series of bytes |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3078 through the buffer interface can be written to a file. There are a |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3079 number of format codes to \cfunction{PyArgs_ParseTuple()} that operate |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3080 against an object's buffer interface, returning data from the target |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3081 object. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3082 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3083 More information on the buffer interface is provided in the section |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3084 ``Buffer Object Structures'' (section \ref{buffer-structs}), under |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3085 the description for \ctype{PyBufferProcs}\ttindex{PyBufferProcs}. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3086 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3087 A ``buffer object'' is defined in the \file{bufferobject.h} header |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3088 (included by \file{Python.h}). These objects look very similar to |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3089 string objects at the Python programming level: they support slicing, |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3090 indexing, concatenation, and some other standard string |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3091 operations. However, their data can come from one of two sources: from |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3092 a block of memory, or from another object which exports the buffer |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3093 interface. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3094 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3095 Buffer objects are useful as a way to expose the data from another |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3096 object's buffer interface to the Python programmer. They can also be |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3097 used as a zero-copy slicing mechanism. Using their ability to |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3098 reference a block of memory, it is possible to expose any data to the |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3099 Python programmer quite easily. The memory could be a large, constant |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3100 array in a C extension, it could be a raw block of memory for |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3101 manipulation before passing to an operating system library, or it |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3102 could be used to pass around structured data in its native, in-memory |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3103 format. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3104 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3105 \begin{ctypedesc}{PyBufferObject} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3106 This subtype of \ctype{PyObject} represents a buffer object. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3107 \end{ctypedesc} |
|
11176
64b15e9091a9
Started documentation on buffer objects & types. Very preliminary.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
11168
diff
changeset
|
3108 |
|
64b15e9091a9
Started documentation on buffer objects & types. Very preliminary.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
11168
diff
changeset
|
3109 \begin{cvardesc}{PyTypeObject}{PyBuffer_Type} |
|
64b15e9091a9
Started documentation on buffer objects & types. Very preliminary.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
11168
diff
changeset
|
3110 The instance of \ctype{PyTypeObject} which represents the Python |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3111 buffer type; it is the same object as \code{types.BufferType} in the |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3112 Python layer.\withsubitem{(in module types)}{\ttindex{BufferType}}. |
|
11176
64b15e9091a9
Started documentation on buffer objects & types. Very preliminary.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
11168
diff
changeset
|
3113 \end{cvardesc} |
|
64b15e9091a9
Started documentation on buffer objects & types. Very preliminary.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
11168
diff
changeset
|
3114 |
|
64b15e9091a9
Started documentation on buffer objects & types. Very preliminary.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
11168
diff
changeset
|
3115 \begin{cvardesc}{int}{Py_END_OF_BUFFER} |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3116 This constant may be passed as the \var{size} parameter to |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3117 \cfunction{PyBuffer_FromObject()} or |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3118 \cfunction{PyBuffer_FromReadWriteObject()}. It indicates that the new |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3119 \ctype{PyBufferObject} should refer to \var{base} object from the |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3120 specified \var{offset} to the end of its exported buffer. Using this |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3121 enables the caller to avoid querying the \var{base} object for its |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3122 length. |
|
11176
64b15e9091a9
Started documentation on buffer objects & types. Very preliminary.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
11168
diff
changeset
|
3123 \end{cvardesc} |
|
64b15e9091a9
Started documentation on buffer objects & types. Very preliminary.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
11168
diff
changeset
|
3124 |
|
64b15e9091a9
Started documentation on buffer objects & types. Very preliminary.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
11168
diff
changeset
|
3125 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyBuffer_Check}{PyObject *p} |
|
64b15e9091a9
Started documentation on buffer objects & types. Very preliminary.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
11168
diff
changeset
|
3126 Return true if the argument has type \cdata{PyBuffer_Type}. |
|
64b15e9091a9
Started documentation on buffer objects & types. Very preliminary.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
11168
diff
changeset
|
3127 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
64b15e9091a9
Started documentation on buffer objects & types. Very preliminary.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
11168
diff
changeset
|
3128 |
|
64b15e9091a9
Started documentation on buffer objects & types. Very preliminary.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
11168
diff
changeset
|
3129 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyBuffer_FromObject}{PyObject *base, |
|
64b15e9091a9
Started documentation on buffer objects & types. Very preliminary.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
11168
diff
changeset
|
3130 int offset, int size} |
|
12222
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Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3131 Return a new read-only buffer object. This raises |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3132 \exception{TypeError} if \var{base} doesn't support the read-only |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3133 buffer protocol or doesn't provide exactly one buffer segment, or it |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3134 raises \exception{ValueError} if \var{offset} is less than zero. The |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3135 buffer will hold a reference to the \var{base} object, and the |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3136 buffer's contents will refer to the \var{base} object's buffer |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3137 interface, starting as position \var{offset} and extending for |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3138 \var{size} bytes. If \var{size} is \constant{Py_END_OF_BUFFER}, then |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3139 the new buffer's contents extend to the length of the |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3140 \var{base} object's exported buffer data. |
|
11176
64b15e9091a9
Started documentation on buffer objects & types. Very preliminary.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
11168
diff
changeset
|
3141 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
64b15e9091a9
Started documentation on buffer objects & types. Very preliminary.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
11168
diff
changeset
|
3142 |
|
64b15e9091a9
Started documentation on buffer objects & types. Very preliminary.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
11168
diff
changeset
|
3143 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyBuffer_FromReadWriteObject}{PyObject *base, |
|
64b15e9091a9
Started documentation on buffer objects & types. Very preliminary.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
11168
diff
changeset
|
3144 int offset, |
|
64b15e9091a9
Started documentation on buffer objects & types. Very preliminary.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
11168
diff
changeset
|
3145 int size} |
|
64b15e9091a9
Started documentation on buffer objects & types. Very preliminary.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
11168
diff
changeset
|
3146 Return a new writable buffer object. Parameters and exceptions are |
|
64b15e9091a9
Started documentation on buffer objects & types. Very preliminary.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
11168
diff
changeset
|
3147 similar to those for \cfunction{PyBuffer_FromObject()}. |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3148 If the \var{base} object does not export the writeable buffer |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3149 protocol, then \exception{TypeError} is raised. |
|
11176
64b15e9091a9
Started documentation on buffer objects & types. Very preliminary.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
11168
diff
changeset
|
3150 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
64b15e9091a9
Started documentation on buffer objects & types. Very preliminary.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
11168
diff
changeset
|
3151 |
|
64b15e9091a9
Started documentation on buffer objects & types. Very preliminary.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
11168
diff
changeset
|
3152 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyBuffer_FromMemory}{void *ptr, int size} |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3153 Return a new read-only buffer object that reads from a specified |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3154 location in memory, with a specified size. |
|
11176
64b15e9091a9
Started documentation on buffer objects & types. Very preliminary.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
11168
diff
changeset
|
3155 The caller is responsible for ensuring that the memory buffer, passed |
|
64b15e9091a9
Started documentation on buffer objects & types. Very preliminary.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
11168
diff
changeset
|
3156 in as \var{ptr}, is not deallocated while the returned buffer object |
|
64b15e9091a9
Started documentation on buffer objects & types. Very preliminary.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
11168
diff
changeset
|
3157 exists. Raises \exception{ValueError} if \var{size} is less than |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3158 zero. Note that \constant{Py_END_OF_BUFFER} may \emph{not} be passed |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3159 for the \var{size} parameter; \exception{ValueError} will be raised in |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3160 that case. |
|
11176
64b15e9091a9
Started documentation on buffer objects & types. Very preliminary.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
11168
diff
changeset
|
3161 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
64b15e9091a9
Started documentation on buffer objects & types. Very preliminary.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
11168
diff
changeset
|
3162 |
|
64b15e9091a9
Started documentation on buffer objects & types. Very preliminary.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
11168
diff
changeset
|
3163 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyBuffer_FromReadWriteMemory}{void *ptr, int size} |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3164 Similar to \cfunction{PyBuffer_FromMemory()}, but the returned buffer |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3165 is writable. |
|
11176
64b15e9091a9
Started documentation on buffer objects & types. Very preliminary.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
11168
diff
changeset
|
3166 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
64b15e9091a9
Started documentation on buffer objects & types. Very preliminary.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
11168
diff
changeset
|
3167 |
|
64b15e9091a9
Started documentation on buffer objects & types. Very preliminary.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
11168
diff
changeset
|
3168 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyBuffer_New}{int size} |
|
64b15e9091a9
Started documentation on buffer objects & types. Very preliminary.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
11168
diff
changeset
|
3169 Returns a new writable buffer object that maintains its own memory |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3170 buffer of \var{size} bytes. \exception{ValueError} is returned if |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3171 \var{size} is not zero or positive. |
|
11176
64b15e9091a9
Started documentation on buffer objects & types. Very preliminary.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
11168
diff
changeset
|
3172 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
64b15e9091a9
Started documentation on buffer objects & types. Very preliminary.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
11168
diff
changeset
|
3173 |
|
8109
2e49bc89fafa
Filled in some more blanks, with the help of Drew Csillag.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
8057
diff
changeset
|
3174 |
| 10163 | 3175 \subsection{Tuple Objects \label{tupleObjects}} |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3176 |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3177 \obindex{tuple} |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3178 \begin{ctypedesc}{PyTupleObject} |
|
8120
068fea15cbcd
Convert recent additions to use new, "logical" markup.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
8109
diff
changeset
|
3179 This subtype of \ctype{PyObject} represents a Python tuple object. |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3180 \end{ctypedesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3181 |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3182 \begin{cvardesc}{PyTypeObject}{PyTuple_Type} |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3183 This instance of \ctype{PyTypeObject} represents the Python tuple |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3184 type; it is the same object as \code{types.TupleType} in the Python |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3185 layer.\withsubitem{(in module types)}{\ttindex{TupleType}}. |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3186 \end{cvardesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3187 |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3188 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyTuple_Check}{PyObject *p} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3189 Return true if the argument is a tuple object. |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3190 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3191 |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3192 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyTuple_New}{int len} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3193 Return a new tuple object of size \var{len}, or \NULL{} on failure. |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3194 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3195 |
|
16577
068cb8494b7b
PyTuple_*() functions take PyObject* parameters, not PyTupleObject* values.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
16439
diff
changeset
|
3196 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyTuple_Size}{PyObject *p} |
| 7308 | 3197 Takes a pointer to a tuple object, and returns the size |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3198 of that tuple. |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3199 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3200 |
|
16577
068cb8494b7b
PyTuple_*() functions take PyObject* parameters, not PyTupleObject* values.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
16439
diff
changeset
|
3201 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyTuple_GetItem}{PyObject *p, int pos} |
| 7308 | 3202 Returns the object at position \var{pos} in the tuple pointed |
| 3203 to by \var{p}. If \var{pos} is out of bounds, returns \NULL{} and | |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3204 sets an \exception{IndexError} exception. |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3205 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3206 |
|
16577
068cb8494b7b
PyTuple_*() functions take PyObject* parameters, not PyTupleObject* values.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
16439
diff
changeset
|
3207 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyTuple_GET_ITEM}{PyObject *p, int pos} |
| 7308 | 3208 Does the same, but does no checking of its arguments. |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3209 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3210 |
|
16577
068cb8494b7b
PyTuple_*() functions take PyObject* parameters, not PyTupleObject* values.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
16439
diff
changeset
|
3211 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyTuple_GetSlice}{PyObject *p, |
|
068cb8494b7b
PyTuple_*() functions take PyObject* parameters, not PyTupleObject* values.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
16439
diff
changeset
|
3212 int low, int high} |
| 7308 | 3213 Takes a slice of the tuple pointed to by \var{p} from |
| 3214 \var{low} to \var{high} and returns it as a new tuple. | |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3215 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3216 |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3217 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyTuple_SetItem}{PyObject *p, |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3218 int pos, PyObject *o} |
| 7308 | 3219 Inserts a reference to object \var{o} at position \var{pos} of |
| 3220 the tuple pointed to by \var{p}. It returns \code{0} on success. | |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3221 \strong{Note:} This function ``steals'' a reference to \var{o}. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3222 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3223 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3224 \begin{cfuncdesc}{void}{PyTuple_SET_ITEM}{PyObject *p, |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3225 int pos, PyObject *o} |
| 7308 | 3226 Does the same, but does no error checking, and |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3227 should \emph{only} be used to fill in brand new tuples. |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3228 \strong{Note:} This function ``steals'' a reference to \var{o}. |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3229 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3230 |
|
16577
068cb8494b7b
PyTuple_*() functions take PyObject* parameters, not PyTupleObject* values.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
16439
diff
changeset
|
3231 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{_PyTuple_Resize}{PyObject **p, |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3232 int newsize, int last_is_sticky} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3233 Can be used to resize a tuple. \var{newsize} will be the new length |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3234 of the tuple. Because tuples are \emph{supposed} to be immutable, |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3235 this should only be used if there is only one reference to the object. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3236 Do \emph{not} use this if the tuple may already be known to some other |
|
15038
e9713cbe2ba8
The _PyTuple_Resize() last_is_sticky flag must now always be false.
Neil Schemenauer <nascheme@enme.ucalgary.ca>
parents:
14926
diff
changeset
|
3237 part of the code. The tuple will always grow or shrink at the end. The |
|
e9713cbe2ba8
The _PyTuple_Resize() last_is_sticky flag must now always be false.
Neil Schemenauer <nascheme@enme.ucalgary.ca>
parents:
14926
diff
changeset
|
3238 \var{last_is_sticky} flag is not used and should always be false. Think |
|
e9713cbe2ba8
The _PyTuple_Resize() last_is_sticky flag must now always be false.
Neil Schemenauer <nascheme@enme.ucalgary.ca>
parents:
14926
diff
changeset
|
3239 of this as destroying the old tuple and creating a new one, only more |
|
e9713cbe2ba8
The _PyTuple_Resize() last_is_sticky flag must now always be false.
Neil Schemenauer <nascheme@enme.ucalgary.ca>
parents:
14926
diff
changeset
|
3240 efficiently. Returns \code{0} on success and \code{-1} on failure (in |
|
e9713cbe2ba8
The _PyTuple_Resize() last_is_sticky flag must now always be false.
Neil Schemenauer <nascheme@enme.ucalgary.ca>
parents:
14926
diff
changeset
|
3241 which case a \exception{MemoryError} or \exception{SystemError} will be |
|
e9713cbe2ba8
The _PyTuple_Resize() last_is_sticky flag must now always be false.
Neil Schemenauer <nascheme@enme.ucalgary.ca>
parents:
14926
diff
changeset
|
3242 raised). |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
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diff
changeset
|
3243 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3244 |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
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7268
diff
changeset
|
3245 |
| 10163 | 3246 \subsection{List Objects \label{listObjects}} |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3247 |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3248 \obindex{list} |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
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diff
changeset
|
3249 \begin{ctypedesc}{PyListObject} |
|
8120
068fea15cbcd
Convert recent additions to use new, "logical" markup.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
8109
diff
changeset
|
3250 This subtype of \ctype{PyObject} represents a Python list object. |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
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diff
changeset
|
3251 \end{ctypedesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3252 |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3253 \begin{cvardesc}{PyTypeObject}{PyList_Type} |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3254 This instance of \ctype{PyTypeObject} represents the Python list |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3255 type. This is the same object as \code{types.ListType}. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3256 \withsubitem{(in module types)}{\ttindex{ListType}} |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3257 \end{cvardesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3258 |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3259 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyList_Check}{PyObject *p} |
|
8120
068fea15cbcd
Convert recent additions to use new, "logical" markup.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
8109
diff
changeset
|
3260 Returns true if its argument is a \ctype{PyListObject}. |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3261 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3262 |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3263 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyList_New}{int len} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3264 Returns a new list of length \var{len} on success, or \NULL{} on |
|
8057
5aacdd097941
Some patches by Drew Csillag; plus a few of my own uncommitted changes.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
8029
diff
changeset
|
3265 failure. |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3266 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3267 |
| 7782 | 3268 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyList_Size}{PyObject *list} |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3269 Returns the length of the list object in \var{list}; this is |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3270 equivalent to \samp{len(\var{list})} on a list object. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3271 \bifuncindex{len} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3272 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3273 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3274 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyList_GET_SIZE}{PyObject *list} |
|
15087
a13a2acbe214
Fix a couple of places where the descriptions of *_GET_SIZE() macros said
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
15038
diff
changeset
|
3275 Macro form of \cfunction{PyList_Size()} without error checking. |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3276 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3277 |
| 7782 | 3278 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyList_GetItem}{PyObject *list, int index} |
|
8109
2e49bc89fafa
Filled in some more blanks, with the help of Drew Csillag.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
8057
diff
changeset
|
3279 Returns the object at position \var{pos} in the list pointed |
|
2e49bc89fafa
Filled in some more blanks, with the help of Drew Csillag.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
8057
diff
changeset
|
3280 to by \var{p}. If \var{pos} is out of bounds, returns \NULL{} and |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3281 sets an \exception{IndexError} exception. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3282 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3283 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3284 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyList_GET_ITEM}{PyObject *list, int i} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3285 Macro form of \cfunction{PyList_GetItem()} without error checking. |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3286 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3287 |
| 7782 | 3288 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyList_SetItem}{PyObject *list, int index, |
| 3289 PyObject *item} | |
|
8057
5aacdd097941
Some patches by Drew Csillag; plus a few of my own uncommitted changes.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
8029
diff
changeset
|
3290 Sets the item at index \var{index} in list to \var{item}. |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3291 \strong{Note:} This function ``steals'' a reference to \var{item}. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3292 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3293 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3294 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyList_SET_ITEM}{PyObject *list, int i, |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3295 PyObject *o} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3296 Macro form of \cfunction{PyList_SetItem()} without error checking. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3297 \strong{Note:} This function ``steals'' a reference to \var{item}. |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3298 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3299 |
| 7782 | 3300 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyList_Insert}{PyObject *list, int index, |
|
8109
2e49bc89fafa
Filled in some more blanks, with the help of Drew Csillag.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
8057
diff
changeset
|
3301 PyObject *item} |
|
2e49bc89fafa
Filled in some more blanks, with the help of Drew Csillag.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
8057
diff
changeset
|
3302 Inserts the item \var{item} into list \var{list} in front of index |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3303 \var{index}. Returns \code{0} if successful; returns \code{-1} and |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3304 raises an exception if unsuccessful. Analogous to |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3305 \code{\var{list}.insert(\var{index}, \var{item})}. |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3306 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3307 |
| 7782 | 3308 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyList_Append}{PyObject *list, PyObject *item} |
|
8109
2e49bc89fafa
Filled in some more blanks, with the help of Drew Csillag.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
8057
diff
changeset
|
3309 Appends the object \var{item} at the end of list \var{list}. Returns |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3310 \code{0} if successful; returns \code{-1} and sets an exception if |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3311 unsuccessful. Analogous to \code{\var{list}.append(\var{item})}. |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3312 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3313 |
| 7782 | 3314 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyList_GetSlice}{PyObject *list, |
| 3315 int low, int high} | |
|
8057
5aacdd097941
Some patches by Drew Csillag; plus a few of my own uncommitted changes.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
8029
diff
changeset
|
3316 Returns a list of the objects in \var{list} containing the objects |
|
8109
2e49bc89fafa
Filled in some more blanks, with the help of Drew Csillag.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
8057
diff
changeset
|
3317 \emph{between} \var{low} and \var{high}. Returns NULL and sets an |
|
2e49bc89fafa
Filled in some more blanks, with the help of Drew Csillag.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
8057
diff
changeset
|
3318 exception if unsuccessful. |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3319 Analogous to \code{\var{list}[\var{low}:\var{high}]}. |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3320 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3321 |
| 7782 | 3322 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyList_SetSlice}{PyObject *list, |
| 3323 int low, int high, | |
| 3324 PyObject *itemlist} | |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3325 Sets the slice of \var{list} between \var{low} and \var{high} to the |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3326 contents of \var{itemlist}. Analogous to |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3327 \code{\var{list}[\var{low}:\var{high}] = \var{itemlist}}. Returns |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3328 \code{0} on success, \code{-1} on failure. |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3329 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3330 |
| 7782 | 3331 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyList_Sort}{PyObject *list} |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3332 Sorts the items of \var{list} in place. Returns \code{0} on success, |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3333 \code{-1} on failure. This is equivalent to |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3334 \samp{\var{list}.sort()}. |
| 7782 | 3335 \end{cfuncdesc} |
| 3336 | |
| 3337 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyList_Reverse}{PyObject *list} | |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3338 Reverses the items of \var{list} in place. Returns \code{0} on |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3339 success, \code{-1} on failure. This is the equivalent of |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3340 \samp{\var{list}.reverse()}. |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3341 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3342 |
| 7782 | 3343 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyList_AsTuple}{PyObject *list} |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3344 Returns a new tuple object containing the contents of \var{list}; |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3345 equivalent to \samp{tuple(\var{list})}.\bifuncindex{tuple} |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3346 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3347 |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3348 |
| 10163 | 3349 \section{Mapping Objects \label{mapObjects}} |
| 3350 | |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3351 \obindex{mapping} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3352 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3353 |
| 10163 | 3354 \subsection{Dictionary Objects \label{dictObjects}} |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
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diff
changeset
|
3355 |
|
12222
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Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3356 \obindex{dictionary} |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
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diff
changeset
|
3357 \begin{ctypedesc}{PyDictObject} |
|
8120
068fea15cbcd
Convert recent additions to use new, "logical" markup.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3358 This subtype of \ctype{PyObject} represents a Python dictionary object. |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
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diff
changeset
|
3359 \end{ctypedesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3360 |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3361 \begin{cvardesc}{PyTypeObject}{PyDict_Type} |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
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diff
changeset
|
3362 This instance of \ctype{PyTypeObject} represents the Python dictionary |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3363 type. This is exposed to Python programs as \code{types.DictType} and |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3364 \code{types.DictionaryType}. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
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changeset
|
3365 \withsubitem{(in module types)}{\ttindex{DictType}\ttindex{DictionaryType}} |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
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|
3366 \end{cvardesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
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diff
changeset
|
3367 |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
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changeset
|
3368 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyDict_Check}{PyObject *p} |
|
8120
068fea15cbcd
Convert recent additions to use new, "logical" markup.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
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diff
changeset
|
3369 Returns true if its argument is a \ctype{PyDictObject}. |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
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changeset
|
3370 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
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diff
changeset
|
3371 |
| 7782 | 3372 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyDict_New}{} |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
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diff
changeset
|
3373 Returns a new empty dictionary, or \NULL{} on failure. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3374 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3375 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3376 \begin{cfuncdesc}{void}{PyDict_Clear}{PyObject *p} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3377 Empties an existing dictionary of all key-value pairs. |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3378 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3379 |
|
12126
e6214ad2a60c
Add PyDict_Copy() function to C API for dicts. It returns a new
Jeremy Hylton <jeremy@alum.mit.edu>
parents:
11453
diff
changeset
|
3380 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyDict_Copy}{PyObject *p} |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3381 Returns a new dictionary that contains the same key-value pairs as p. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3382 Empties an existing dictionary of all key-value pairs. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3383 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3384 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3385 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyDict_SetItem}{PyObject *p, PyObject *key, |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3386 PyObject *val} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3387 Inserts \var{value} into the dictionary with a key of \var{key}. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3388 \var{key} must be hashable; if it isn't, \exception{TypeError} will be |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3389 raised. |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3390 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3391 |
|
17057
797ebb7033d7
Finally fill in the documentation for the PyDict_Next() function. It is
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
16872
diff
changeset
|
3392 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyDict_SetItemString}{PyObject *p, |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3393 char *key, |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3394 PyObject *val} |
| 7308 | 3395 Inserts \var{value} into the dictionary using \var{key} |
| 12947 | 3396 as a key. \var{key} should be a \ctype{char*}. The key object is |
| 7308 | 3397 created using \code{PyString_FromString(\var{key})}. |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3398 \ttindex{PyString_FromString()} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3399 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3400 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3401 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyDict_DelItem}{PyObject *p, PyObject *key} |
| 7308 | 3402 Removes the entry in dictionary \var{p} with key \var{key}. |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3403 \var{key} must be hashable; if it isn't, \exception{TypeError} is |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3404 raised. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3405 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3406 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3407 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyDict_DelItemString}{PyObject *p, char *key} |
| 7308 | 3408 Removes the entry in dictionary \var{p} which has a key |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3409 specified by the string \var{key}. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3410 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3411 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3412 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyDict_GetItem}{PyObject *p, PyObject *key} |
| 7308 | 3413 Returns the object from dictionary \var{p} which has a key |
|
8109
2e49bc89fafa
Filled in some more blanks, with the help of Drew Csillag.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
8057
diff
changeset
|
3414 \var{key}. Returns \NULL{} if the key \var{key} is not present, but |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3415 \emph{without} setting an exception. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3416 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3417 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3418 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyDict_GetItemString}{PyObject *p, char *key} |
|
8120
068fea15cbcd
Convert recent additions to use new, "logical" markup.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
8109
diff
changeset
|
3419 This is the same as \cfunction{PyDict_GetItem()}, but \var{key} is |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3420 specified as a \ctype{char*}, rather than a \ctype{PyObject*}. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3421 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3422 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3423 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyDict_Items}{PyObject *p} |
|
8120
068fea15cbcd
Convert recent additions to use new, "logical" markup.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
8109
diff
changeset
|
3424 Returns a \ctype{PyListObject} containing all the items |
|
8109
2e49bc89fafa
Filled in some more blanks, with the help of Drew Csillag.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
8057
diff
changeset
|
3425 from the dictionary, as in the dictinoary method \method{items()} (see |
|
11451
38c7444f633a
Use \citetitle and \programopt as appropriate.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
11222
diff
changeset
|
3426 the \citetitle[../lib/lib.html]{Python Library Reference}). |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3427 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3428 |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3429 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyDict_Keys}{PyObject *p} |
|
8120
068fea15cbcd
Convert recent additions to use new, "logical" markup.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
8109
diff
changeset
|
3430 Returns a \ctype{PyListObject} containing all the keys |
|
8109
2e49bc89fafa
Filled in some more blanks, with the help of Drew Csillag.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
8057
diff
changeset
|
3431 from the dictionary, as in the dictionary method \method{keys()} (see the |
|
11451
38c7444f633a
Use \citetitle and \programopt as appropriate.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
11222
diff
changeset
|
3432 \citetitle[../lib/lib.html]{Python Library Reference}). |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
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diff
changeset
|
3433 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
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diff
changeset
|
3434 |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3435 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyDict_Values}{PyObject *p} |
|
8120
068fea15cbcd
Convert recent additions to use new, "logical" markup.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
8109
diff
changeset
|
3436 Returns a \ctype{PyListObject} containing all the values |
|
8109
2e49bc89fafa
Filled in some more blanks, with the help of Drew Csillag.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
8057
diff
changeset
|
3437 from the dictionary \var{p}, as in the dictionary method |
|
11451
38c7444f633a
Use \citetitle and \programopt as appropriate.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
11222
diff
changeset
|
3438 \method{values()} (see the \citetitle[../lib/lib.html]{Python Library |
|
38c7444f633a
Use \citetitle and \programopt as appropriate.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
11222
diff
changeset
|
3439 Reference}). |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
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diff
changeset
|
3440 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
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diff
changeset
|
3441 |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3442 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyDict_Size}{PyObject *p} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3443 Returns the number of items in the dictionary. This is equivalent to |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3444 \samp{len(\var{p})} on a dictionary.\bifuncindex{len} |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3445 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
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7268
diff
changeset
|
3446 |
|
17057
797ebb7033d7
Finally fill in the documentation for the PyDict_Next() function. It is
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
16872
diff
changeset
|
3447 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyDict_Next}{PyObject *p, int *ppos, |
|
13920
d057cd543ed9
ANY becomes void, to reflect the requirement for ANSI C.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
13592
diff
changeset
|
3448 PyObject **pkey, PyObject **pvalue} |
|
17057
797ebb7033d7
Finally fill in the documentation for the PyDict_Next() function. It is
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
16872
diff
changeset
|
3449 Iterate over all key-value pairs in the dictionary \var{p}. The |
|
797ebb7033d7
Finally fill in the documentation for the PyDict_Next() function. It is
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diff
changeset
|
3450 \ctype{int} referred to by \var{ppos} must be initialized to \code{0} |
|
797ebb7033d7
Finally fill in the documentation for the PyDict_Next() function. It is
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
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diff
changeset
|
3451 prior to the first call to this function to start the iteration; the |
|
797ebb7033d7
Finally fill in the documentation for the PyDict_Next() function. It is
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
16872
diff
changeset
|
3452 function returns true for each pair in the dictionary, and false once |
|
797ebb7033d7
Finally fill in the documentation for the PyDict_Next() function. It is
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
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16872
diff
changeset
|
3453 all pairs have been reported. The parameters \var{pkey} and |
|
797ebb7033d7
Finally fill in the documentation for the PyDict_Next() function. It is
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
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diff
changeset
|
3454 \var{pvalue} should either point to \ctype{PyObject*} variables that |
|
797ebb7033d7
Finally fill in the documentation for the PyDict_Next() function. It is
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
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diff
changeset
|
3455 will be filled in with each key and value, respectively, or may be |
| 17504 | 3456 \NULL. |
| 3457 | |
|
17057
797ebb7033d7
Finally fill in the documentation for the PyDict_Next() function. It is
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
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diff
changeset
|
3458 For example: |
|
797ebb7033d7
Finally fill in the documentation for the PyDict_Next() function. It is
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diff
changeset
|
3459 |
|
797ebb7033d7
Finally fill in the documentation for the PyDict_Next() function. It is
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
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diff
changeset
|
3460 \begin{verbatim} |
|
797ebb7033d7
Finally fill in the documentation for the PyDict_Next() function. It is
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
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diff
changeset
|
3461 PyObject *key, *value; |
|
797ebb7033d7
Finally fill in the documentation for the PyDict_Next() function. It is
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3462 int pos = 0; |
|
797ebb7033d7
Finally fill in the documentation for the PyDict_Next() function. It is
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diff
changeset
|
3463 |
|
797ebb7033d7
Finally fill in the documentation for the PyDict_Next() function. It is
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
16872
diff
changeset
|
3464 while (PyDict_Next(self->dict, &pos, &key, &value)) { |
|
797ebb7033d7
Finally fill in the documentation for the PyDict_Next() function. It is
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3465 /* do something interesting with the values... */ |
|
797ebb7033d7
Finally fill in the documentation for the PyDict_Next() function. It is
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3466 ... |
|
797ebb7033d7
Finally fill in the documentation for the PyDict_Next() function. It is
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
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diff
changeset
|
3467 } |
|
797ebb7033d7
Finally fill in the documentation for the PyDict_Next() function. It is
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diff
changeset
|
3468 \end{verbatim} |
| 17504 | 3469 |
| 3470 The dictionary \var{p} should not be mutated during iteration. It is | |
| 3471 safe (since Python 2.1) to modify the values of the keys as you | |
| 3472 iterate over the dictionary, for example: | |
| 3473 | |
| 3474 \begin{verbatim} | |
| 3475 PyObject *key, *value; | |
| 3476 int pos = 0; | |
| 3477 | |
| 3478 while (PyDict_Next(self->dict, &pos, &key, &value)) { | |
| 3479 int i = PyInt_AS_LONG(value) + 1; | |
| 3480 PyObject *o = PyInt_FromLong(i); | |
| 3481 if (o == NULL) | |
| 3482 return -1; | |
| 3483 if (PyDict_SetItem(self->dict, key, o) < 0) { | |
| 3484 Py_DECREF(o); | |
| 3485 return -1; | |
| 3486 } | |
| 3487 Py_DECREF(o); | |
| 3488 } | |
| 3489 \end{verbatim} | |
|
7269
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|
3490 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
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|
3491 |
|
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|
3492 |
| 10163 | 3493 \section{Numeric Objects \label{numericObjects}} |
| 3494 | |
|
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Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
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|
3495 \obindex{numeric} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
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|
3496 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
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|
3497 |
| 10163 | 3498 \subsection{Plain Integer Objects \label{intObjects}} |
|
7269
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|
3499 |
|
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Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
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|
3500 \obindex{integer} |
|
7269
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|
3501 \begin{ctypedesc}{PyIntObject} |
|
8120
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Convert recent additions to use new, "logical" markup.
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|
3502 This subtype of \ctype{PyObject} represents a Python integer object. |
|
7269
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|
3503 \end{ctypedesc} |
|
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|
3504 |
|
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|
3505 \begin{cvardesc}{PyTypeObject}{PyInt_Type} |
|
8120
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Convert recent additions to use new, "logical" markup.
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|
3506 This instance of \ctype{PyTypeObject} represents the Python plain |
|
12222
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Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
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|
3507 integer type. This is the same object as \code{types.IntType}. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
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|
3508 \withsubitem{(in modules types)}{\ttindex{IntType}} |
|
7269
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|
3509 \end{cvardesc} |
|
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Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
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|
3510 |
|
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Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
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|
3511 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyInt_Check}{PyObject* o} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
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changeset
|
3512 Returns true if \var{o} is of type \cdata{PyInt_Type}. |
|
7269
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|
3513 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
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|
3514 |
| 7782 | 3515 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyInt_FromLong}{long ival} |
| 7308 | 3516 Creates a new integer object with a value of \var{ival}. |
|
7269
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|
3517 |
|
682d3e5b267f
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changeset
|
3518 The current implementation keeps an array of integer objects for all |
| 7308 | 3519 integers between \code{-1} and \code{100}, when you create an int in |
| 3520 that range you actually just get back a reference to the existing | |
| 3521 object. So it should be possible to change the value of \code{1}. I | |
|
7807
5d15f4fd6d69
Capitalize "Python" for consistency.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
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7782
diff
changeset
|
3522 suspect the behaviour of Python in this case is undefined. :-) |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
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|
3523 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
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|
3524 |
|
682d3e5b267f
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|
3525 \begin{cfuncdesc}{long}{PyInt_AsLong}{PyObject *io} |
|
8120
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Convert recent additions to use new, "logical" markup.
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changeset
|
3526 Will first attempt to cast the object to a \ctype{PyIntObject}, if |
| 7308 | 3527 it is not already one, and then return its value. |
|
7269
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Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
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|
3528 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
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changeset
|
3529 |
|
12222
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Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
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diff
changeset
|
3530 \begin{cfuncdesc}{long}{PyInt_AS_LONG}{PyObject *io} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
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diff
changeset
|
3531 Returns the value of the object \var{io}. No error checking is |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3532 performed. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3533 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3534 |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
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diff
changeset
|
3535 \begin{cfuncdesc}{long}{PyInt_GetMax}{} |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3536 Returns the system's idea of the largest integer it can handle |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3537 (\constant{LONG_MAX}\ttindex{LONG_MAX}, as defined in the system |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3538 header files). |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
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diff
changeset
|
3539 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
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diff
changeset
|
3540 |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
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changeset
|
3541 |
| 10163 | 3542 \subsection{Long Integer Objects \label{longObjects}} |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
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changeset
|
3543 |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
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diff
changeset
|
3544 \obindex{long integer} |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
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diff
changeset
|
3545 \begin{ctypedesc}{PyLongObject} |
|
8120
068fea15cbcd
Convert recent additions to use new, "logical" markup.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3546 This subtype of \ctype{PyObject} represents a Python long integer |
| 7308 | 3547 object. |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
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changeset
|
3548 \end{ctypedesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
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diff
changeset
|
3549 |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
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diff
changeset
|
3550 \begin{cvardesc}{PyTypeObject}{PyLong_Type} |
|
8120
068fea15cbcd
Convert recent additions to use new, "logical" markup.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
8109
diff
changeset
|
3551 This instance of \ctype{PyTypeObject} represents the Python long |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3552 integer type. This is the same object as \code{types.LongType}. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3553 \withsubitem{(in modules types)}{\ttindex{LongType}} |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
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changeset
|
3554 \end{cvardesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
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diff
changeset
|
3555 |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
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diff
changeset
|
3556 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyLong_Check}{PyObject *p} |
|
8120
068fea15cbcd
Convert recent additions to use new, "logical" markup.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
3557 Returns true if its argument is a \ctype{PyLongObject}. |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
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changeset
|
3558 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
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changeset
|
3559 |
| 7782 | 3560 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyLong_FromLong}{long v} |
|
12222
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Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
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changeset
|
3561 Returns a new \ctype{PyLongObject} object from \var{v}, or \NULL{} on |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
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diff
changeset
|
3562 failure. |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
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changeset
|
3563 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
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changeset
|
3564 |
| 7782 | 3565 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyLong_FromUnsignedLong}{unsigned long v} |
|
12222
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Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
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diff
changeset
|
3566 Returns a new \ctype{PyLongObject} object from a C \ctype{unsigned |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
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diff
changeset
|
3567 long}, or \NULL{} on failure. |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
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changeset
|
3568 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
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changeset
|
3569 |
| 7782 | 3570 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyLong_FromDouble}{double v} |
|
12222
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Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
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diff
changeset
|
3571 Returns a new \ctype{PyLongObject} object from the integer part of |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
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diff
changeset
|
3572 \var{v}, or \NULL{} on failure. |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
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changeset
|
3573 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
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changeset
|
3574 |
| 7782 | 3575 \begin{cfuncdesc}{long}{PyLong_AsLong}{PyObject *pylong} |
|
12222
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Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
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diff
changeset
|
3576 Returns a C \ctype{long} representation of the contents of |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
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diff
changeset
|
3577 \var{pylong}. If \var{pylong} is greater than |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
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diff
changeset
|
3578 \constant{LONG_MAX}\ttindex{LONG_MAX}, an \exception{OverflowError} is |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
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diff
changeset
|
3579 raised.\withsubitem{(built-in exception)}{OverflowError} |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
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changeset
|
3580 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
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changeset
|
3581 |
| 7782 | 3582 \begin{cfuncdesc}{unsigned long}{PyLong_AsUnsignedLong}{PyObject *pylong} |
|
12222
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Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
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diff
changeset
|
3583 Returns a C \ctype{unsigned long} representation of the contents of |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
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diff
changeset
|
3584 \var{pylong}. If \var{pylong} is greater than |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
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12200
diff
changeset
|
3585 \constant{ULONG_MAX}\ttindex{ULONG_MAX}, an \exception{OverflowError} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
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diff
changeset
|
3586 is raised.\withsubitem{(built-in exception)}{OverflowError} |
|
7269
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changeset
|
3587 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
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changeset
|
3588 |
| 7782 | 3589 \begin{cfuncdesc}{double}{PyLong_AsDouble}{PyObject *pylong} |
|
12222
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Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
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diff
changeset
|
3590 Returns a C \ctype{double} representation of the contents of \var{pylong}. |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3591 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3592 |
| 7782 | 3593 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyLong_FromString}{char *str, char **pend, |
| 3594 int base} | |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3595 Return a new \ctype{PyLongObject} based on the string value in |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3596 \var{str}, which is interpreted according to the radix in \var{base}. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3597 If \var{pend} is non-\NULL, \code{*\var{pend}} will point to the first |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3598 character in \var{str} which follows the representation of the |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3599 number. If \var{base} is \code{0}, the radix will be determined base |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3600 on the leading characters of \var{str}: if \var{str} starts with |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3601 \code{'0x'} or \code{'0X'}, radix 16 will be used; if \var{str} starts |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3602 with \code{'0'}, radix 8 will be used; otherwise radix 10 will be |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3603 used. If \var{base} is not \code{0}, it must be between \code{2} and |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3604 \code{36}, inclusive. Leading spaces are ignored. If there are no |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3605 digits, \exception{ValueError} will be raised. |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3606 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3607 |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3608 |
| 10163 | 3609 \subsection{Floating Point Objects \label{floatObjects}} |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3610 |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3611 \obindex{floating point} |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3612 \begin{ctypedesc}{PyFloatObject} |
|
8120
068fea15cbcd
Convert recent additions to use new, "logical" markup.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
8109
diff
changeset
|
3613 This subtype of \ctype{PyObject} represents a Python floating point |
| 7308 | 3614 object. |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3615 \end{ctypedesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3616 |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3617 \begin{cvardesc}{PyTypeObject}{PyFloat_Type} |
|
8120
068fea15cbcd
Convert recent additions to use new, "logical" markup.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
8109
diff
changeset
|
3618 This instance of \ctype{PyTypeObject} represents the Python floating |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3619 point type. This is the same object as \code{types.FloatType}. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3620 \withsubitem{(in modules types)}{\ttindex{FloatType}} |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3621 \end{cvardesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3622 |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3623 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyFloat_Check}{PyObject *p} |
|
8120
068fea15cbcd
Convert recent additions to use new, "logical" markup.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
8109
diff
changeset
|
3624 Returns true if its argument is a \ctype{PyFloatObject}. |
|
5588
53cdf94b652b
Just another checkin for backup. Nothing substantial yet.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
5536
diff
changeset
|
3625 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
53cdf94b652b
Just another checkin for backup. Nothing substantial yet.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
5536
diff
changeset
|
3626 |
| 7782 | 3627 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyFloat_FromDouble}{double v} |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3628 Creates a \ctype{PyFloatObject} object from \var{v}, or \NULL{} on |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3629 failure. |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3630 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3631 |
| 7782 | 3632 \begin{cfuncdesc}{double}{PyFloat_AsDouble}{PyObject *pyfloat} |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3633 Returns a C \ctype{double} representation of the contents of \var{pyfloat}. |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3634 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3635 |
| 7782 | 3636 \begin{cfuncdesc}{double}{PyFloat_AS_DOUBLE}{PyObject *pyfloat} |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3637 Returns a C \ctype{double} representation of the contents of |
|
8120
068fea15cbcd
Convert recent additions to use new, "logical" markup.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
8109
diff
changeset
|
3638 \var{pyfloat}, but without error checking. |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3639 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3640 |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3641 |
| 10163 | 3642 \subsection{Complex Number Objects \label{complexObjects}} |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3643 |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3644 \obindex{complex number} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3645 Python's complex number objects are implemented as two distinct types |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3646 when viewed from the C API: one is the Python object exposed to |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3647 Python programs, and the other is a C structure which represents the |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3648 actual complex number value. The API provides functions for working |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3649 with both. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3650 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3651 \subsubsection{Complex Numbers as C Structures} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3652 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3653 Note that the functions which accept these structures as parameters |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3654 and return them as results do so \emph{by value} rather than |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3655 dereferencing them through pointers. This is consistent throughout |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3656 the API. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3657 |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3658 \begin{ctypedesc}{Py_complex} |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3659 The C structure which corresponds to the value portion of a Python |
|
7310
6095a472f574
Place C typedef for Py_complex after brief description, to be more consistent
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7309
diff
changeset
|
3660 complex number object. Most of the functions for dealing with complex |
|
6095a472f574
Place C typedef for Py_complex after brief description, to be more consistent
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7309
diff
changeset
|
3661 number objects use structures of this type as input or output values, |
|
6095a472f574
Place C typedef for Py_complex after brief description, to be more consistent
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7309
diff
changeset
|
3662 as appropriate. It is defined as: |
|
6095a472f574
Place C typedef for Py_complex after brief description, to be more consistent
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7309
diff
changeset
|
3663 |
| 7308 | 3664 \begin{verbatim} |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3665 typedef struct { |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3666 double real; |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3667 double imag; |
|
7310
6095a472f574
Place C typedef for Py_complex after brief description, to be more consistent
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7309
diff
changeset
|
3668 } Py_complex; |
| 7308 | 3669 \end{verbatim} |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3670 \end{ctypedesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3671 |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3672 \begin{cfuncdesc}{Py_complex}{_Py_c_sum}{Py_complex left, Py_complex right} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3673 Return the sum of two complex numbers, using the C |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3674 \ctype{Py_complex} representation. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3675 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3676 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3677 \begin{cfuncdesc}{Py_complex}{_Py_c_diff}{Py_complex left, Py_complex right} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3678 Return the difference between two complex numbers, using the C |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3679 \ctype{Py_complex} representation. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3680 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3681 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3682 \begin{cfuncdesc}{Py_complex}{_Py_c_neg}{Py_complex complex} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3683 Return the negation of the complex number \var{complex}, using the C |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3684 \ctype{Py_complex} representation. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3685 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3686 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3687 \begin{cfuncdesc}{Py_complex}{_Py_c_prod}{Py_complex left, Py_complex right} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3688 Return the product of two complex numbers, using the C |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3689 \ctype{Py_complex} representation. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3690 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3691 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3692 \begin{cfuncdesc}{Py_complex}{_Py_c_quot}{Py_complex dividend, |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3693 Py_complex divisor} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3694 Return the quotient of two complex numbers, using the C |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3695 \ctype{Py_complex} representation. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3696 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3697 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3698 \begin{cfuncdesc}{Py_complex}{_Py_c_pow}{Py_complex num, Py_complex exp} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3699 Return the exponentiation of \var{num} by \var{exp}, using the C |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3700 \ctype{Py_complex} representation. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3701 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3702 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3703 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3704 \subsubsection{Complex Numbers as Python Objects} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3705 |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3706 \begin{ctypedesc}{PyComplexObject} |
|
8120
068fea15cbcd
Convert recent additions to use new, "logical" markup.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
8109
diff
changeset
|
3707 This subtype of \ctype{PyObject} represents a Python complex number object. |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3708 \end{ctypedesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3709 |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3710 \begin{cvardesc}{PyTypeObject}{PyComplex_Type} |
|
8120
068fea15cbcd
Convert recent additions to use new, "logical" markup.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
8109
diff
changeset
|
3711 This instance of \ctype{PyTypeObject} represents the Python complex |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3712 number type. |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3713 \end{cvardesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3714 |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3715 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyComplex_Check}{PyObject *p} |
|
8120
068fea15cbcd
Convert recent additions to use new, "logical" markup.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
8109
diff
changeset
|
3716 Returns true if its argument is a \ctype{PyComplexObject}. |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3717 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3718 |
| 7782 | 3719 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyComplex_FromCComplex}{Py_complex v} |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3720 Create a new Python complex number object from a C |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3721 \ctype{Py_complex} value. |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3722 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3723 |
| 7782 | 3724 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyComplex_FromDoubles}{double real, double imag} |
|
8120
068fea15cbcd
Convert recent additions to use new, "logical" markup.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
8109
diff
changeset
|
3725 Returns a new \ctype{PyComplexObject} object from \var{real} and \var{imag}. |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3726 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3727 |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3728 \begin{cfuncdesc}{double}{PyComplex_RealAsDouble}{PyObject *op} |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3729 Returns the real part of \var{op} as a C \ctype{double}. |
|
5588
53cdf94b652b
Just another checkin for backup. Nothing substantial yet.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
5536
diff
changeset
|
3730 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
53cdf94b652b
Just another checkin for backup. Nothing substantial yet.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
5536
diff
changeset
|
3731 |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3732 \begin{cfuncdesc}{double}{PyComplex_ImagAsDouble}{PyObject *op} |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3733 Returns the imaginary part of \var{op} as a C \ctype{double}. |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3734 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3735 |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3736 \begin{cfuncdesc}{Py_complex}{PyComplex_AsCComplex}{PyObject *op} |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3737 Returns the \ctype{Py_complex} value of the complex number \var{op}. |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3738 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3739 |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3740 |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3741 |
| 10163 | 3742 \section{Other Objects \label{otherObjects}} |
| 3743 | |
| 3744 \subsection{File Objects \label{fileObjects}} | |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3745 |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3746 \obindex{file} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3747 Python's built-in file objects are implemented entirely on the |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3748 \ctype{FILE*} support from the C standard library. This is an |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3749 implementation detail and may change in future releases of Python. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3750 |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3751 \begin{ctypedesc}{PyFileObject} |
|
8120
068fea15cbcd
Convert recent additions to use new, "logical" markup.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
8109
diff
changeset
|
3752 This subtype of \ctype{PyObject} represents a Python file object. |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3753 \end{ctypedesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3754 |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3755 \begin{cvardesc}{PyTypeObject}{PyFile_Type} |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3756 This instance of \ctype{PyTypeObject} represents the Python file |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3757 type. This is exposed to Python programs as \code{types.FileType}. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3758 \withsubitem{(in module types)}{\ttindex{FileType}} |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3759 \end{cvardesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3760 |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3761 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyFile_Check}{PyObject *p} |
|
8120
068fea15cbcd
Convert recent additions to use new, "logical" markup.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
8109
diff
changeset
|
3762 Returns true if its argument is a \ctype{PyFileObject}. |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3763 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3764 |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3765 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyFile_FromString}{char *filename, char *mode} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3766 On success, returns a new file object that is opened on the |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3767 file given by \var{filename}, with a file mode given by \var{mode}, |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3768 where \var{mode} has the same semantics as the standard C routine |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3769 \cfunction{fopen()}\ttindex{fopen()}. On failure, returns \NULL. |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3770 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3771 |
| 7782 | 3772 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyFile_FromFile}{FILE *fp, |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3773 char *name, char *mode, |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3774 int (*close)(FILE*)} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3775 Creates a new \ctype{PyFileObject} from the already-open standard C |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3776 file pointer, \var{fp}. The function \var{close} will be called when |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3777 the file should be closed. Returns \NULL{} on failure. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3778 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3779 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3780 \begin{cfuncdesc}{FILE*}{PyFile_AsFile}{PyFileObject *p} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3781 Returns the file object associated with \var{p} as a \ctype{FILE*}. |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3782 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3783 |
| 7782 | 3784 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyFile_GetLine}{PyObject *p, int n} |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3785 Equivalent to \code{\var{p}.readline(\optional{\var{n}})}, this |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3786 function reads one line from the object \var{p}. \var{p} may be a |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3787 file object or any object with a \method{readline()} method. If |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3788 \var{n} is \code{0}, exactly one line is read, regardless of the |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3789 length of the line. If \var{n} is greater than \code{0}, no more than |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3790 \var{n} bytes will be read from the file; a partial line can be |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3791 returned. In both cases, an empty string is returned if the end of |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3792 the file is reached immediately. If \var{n} is less than \code{0}, |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3793 however, one line is read regardless of length, but |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3794 \exception{EOFError} is raised if the end of the file is reached |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3795 immediately. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3796 \withsubitem{(built-in exception)}{\ttindex{EOFError}} |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3797 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3798 |
| 7782 | 3799 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyFile_Name}{PyObject *p} |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3800 Returns the name of the file specified by \var{p} as a string object. |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3801 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3802 |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3803 \begin{cfuncdesc}{void}{PyFile_SetBufSize}{PyFileObject *p, int n} |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3804 Available on systems with \cfunction{setvbuf()}\ttindex{setvbuf()} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3805 only. This should only be called immediately after file object |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3806 creation. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3807 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3808 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3809 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyFile_SoftSpace}{PyObject *p, int newflag} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3810 This function exists for internal use by the interpreter. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3811 Sets the \member{softspace} attribute of \var{p} to \var{newflag} and |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3812 \withsubitem{(file attribute)}{\ttindex{softspace}}returns the |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3813 previous value. \var{p} does not have to be a file object |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3814 for this function to work properly; any object is supported (thought |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3815 its only interesting if the \member{softspace} attribute can be set). |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3816 This function clears any errors, and will return \code{0} as the |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3817 previous value if the attribute either does not exist or if there were |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3818 errors in retrieving it. There is no way to detect errors from this |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3819 function, but doing so should not be needed. |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3820 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3821 |
| 7782 | 3822 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyFile_WriteObject}{PyObject *obj, PyFileObject *p, |
| 3823 int flags} | |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3824 Writes object \var{obj} to file object \var{p}. The only supported |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3825 flag for \var{flags} is \constant{Py_PRINT_RAW}\ttindex{Py_PRINT_RAW}; |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3826 if given, the \function{str()} of the object is written instead of the |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3827 \function{repr()}. Returns \code{0} on success or \code{-1} on |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3828 failure; the appropriate exception will be set. |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3829 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3830 |
| 7782 | 3831 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyFile_WriteString}{char *s, PyFileObject *p, |
| 3832 int flags} | |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3833 Writes string \var{s} to file object \var{p}. Returns \code{0} on |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3834 success or \code{-1} on failure; the appropriate exception will be |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3835 set. |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3836 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3837 |
|
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3838 |
|
16318
17cac70cae76
Document the PyInstance_*() functions and data.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
16053
diff
changeset
|
3839 \subsection{Instance Objects \label{instanceObjects}} |
|
17cac70cae76
Document the PyInstance_*() functions and data.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
16053
diff
changeset
|
3840 |
|
17cac70cae76
Document the PyInstance_*() functions and data.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
16053
diff
changeset
|
3841 \obindex{instance} |
|
17cac70cae76
Document the PyInstance_*() functions and data.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
16053
diff
changeset
|
3842 There are very few functions specific to instance objects. |
|
17cac70cae76
Document the PyInstance_*() functions and data.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
16053
diff
changeset
|
3843 |
|
17cac70cae76
Document the PyInstance_*() functions and data.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
16053
diff
changeset
|
3844 \begin{cvardesc}{PyTypeObject}{PyInstance_Type} |
|
17cac70cae76
Document the PyInstance_*() functions and data.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
16053
diff
changeset
|
3845 Type object for class instances. |
|
17cac70cae76
Document the PyInstance_*() functions and data.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
16053
diff
changeset
|
3846 \end{cvardesc} |
|
17cac70cae76
Document the PyInstance_*() functions and data.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
16053
diff
changeset
|
3847 |
|
17cac70cae76
Document the PyInstance_*() functions and data.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
16053
diff
changeset
|
3848 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyInstance_Check}{PyObject *obj} |
|
17cac70cae76
Document the PyInstance_*() functions and data.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
16053
diff
changeset
|
3849 Returns true if \var{obj} is an instance. |
|
17cac70cae76
Document the PyInstance_*() functions and data.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
16053
diff
changeset
|
3850 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
17cac70cae76
Document the PyInstance_*() functions and data.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
16053
diff
changeset
|
3851 |
|
17cac70cae76
Document the PyInstance_*() functions and data.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
16053
diff
changeset
|
3852 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyInstance_New}{PyObject *class, |
|
17cac70cae76
Document the PyInstance_*() functions and data.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
16053
diff
changeset
|
3853 PyObject *arg, |
|
17cac70cae76
Document the PyInstance_*() functions and data.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
16053
diff
changeset
|
3854 PyObject *kw} |
|
17cac70cae76
Document the PyInstance_*() functions and data.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
16053
diff
changeset
|
3855 Create a new instance of a specific class. The parameters \var{arg} |
|
17cac70cae76
Document the PyInstance_*() functions and data.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
16053
diff
changeset
|
3856 and \var{kw} are used as the positional and keyword parameters to |
|
17cac70cae76
Document the PyInstance_*() functions and data.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
16053
diff
changeset
|
3857 the object's constructor. |
|
17cac70cae76
Document the PyInstance_*() functions and data.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
16053
diff
changeset
|
3858 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
17cac70cae76
Document the PyInstance_*() functions and data.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
16053
diff
changeset
|
3859 |
|
17cac70cae76
Document the PyInstance_*() functions and data.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
16053
diff
changeset
|
3860 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyInstance_NewRaw}{PyObject *class, |
|
17cac70cae76
Document the PyInstance_*() functions and data.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
16053
diff
changeset
|
3861 PyObject *dict} |
|
17cac70cae76
Document the PyInstance_*() functions and data.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
16053
diff
changeset
|
3862 Create a new instance of a specific class without calling it's |
|
17cac70cae76
Document the PyInstance_*() functions and data.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
16053
diff
changeset
|
3863 constructor. \var{class} is the class of new object. The |
|
17cac70cae76
Document the PyInstance_*() functions and data.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
16053
diff
changeset
|
3864 \var{dict} parameter will be used as the object's \member{__dict__}; |
|
17cac70cae76
Document the PyInstance_*() functions and data.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
16053
diff
changeset
|
3865 if \NULL, a new dictionary will be created for the instance. |
|
17cac70cae76
Document the PyInstance_*() functions and data.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
16053
diff
changeset
|
3866 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
17cac70cae76
Document the PyInstance_*() functions and data.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
16053
diff
changeset
|
3867 |
|
17cac70cae76
Document the PyInstance_*() functions and data.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
16053
diff
changeset
|
3868 |
| 10163 | 3869 \subsection{Module Objects \label{moduleObjects}} |
| 3870 | |
| 3871 \obindex{module} | |
| 3872 There are only a few functions special to module objects. | |
| 3873 | |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3874 \begin{cvardesc}{PyTypeObject}{PyModule_Type} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3875 This instance of \ctype{PyTypeObject} represents the Python module |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3876 type. This is exposed to Python programs as \code{types.ModuleType}. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3877 \withsubitem{(in module types)}{\ttindex{ModuleType}} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3878 \end{cvardesc} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3879 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3880 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyModule_Check}{PyObject *p} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3881 Returns true if its argument is a module object. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3882 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3883 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3884 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyModule_New}{char *name} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3885 Return a new module object with the \member{__name__} attribute set to |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3886 \var{name}. Only the module's \member{__doc__} and |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3887 \member{__name__} attributes are filled in; the caller is responsible |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3888 for providing a \member{__file__} attribute. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3889 \withsubitem{(module attribute)}{ |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3890 \ttindex{__name__}\ttindex{__doc__}\ttindex{__file__}} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3891 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3892 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3893 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyModule_GetDict}{PyObject *module} |
| 10163 | 3894 Return the dictionary object that implements \var{module}'s namespace; |
| 3895 this object is the same as the \member{__dict__} attribute of the | |
| 3896 module object. This function never fails. | |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3897 \withsubitem{(module attribute)}{\ttindex{__dict__}} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3898 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3899 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3900 \begin{cfuncdesc}{char*}{PyModule_GetName}{PyObject *module} |
| 10163 | 3901 Return \var{module}'s \member{__name__} value. If the module does not |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3902 provide one, or if it is not a string, \exception{SystemError} is |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3903 raised and \NULL{} is returned. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3904 \withsubitem{(module attribute)}{\ttindex{__name__}} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3905 \withsubitem{(built-in exception)}{\ttindex{SystemError}} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3906 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3907 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3908 \begin{cfuncdesc}{char*}{PyModule_GetFilename}{PyObject *module} |
| 10163 | 3909 Return the name of the file from which \var{module} was loaded using |
| 3910 \var{module}'s \member{__file__} attribute. If this is not defined, | |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3911 or if it is not a string, raise \exception{SystemError} and return |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3912 \NULL. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3913 \withsubitem{(module attribute)}{\ttindex{__file__}} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3914 \withsubitem{(built-in exception)}{\ttindex{SystemError}} |
| 10163 | 3915 \end{cfuncdesc} |
| 3916 | |
|
14782
3c01f921c453
Added documentation for the new PyModule_*() convenience functions.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14769
diff
changeset
|
3917 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyModule_AddObject}{PyObject *module, |
|
3c01f921c453
Added documentation for the new PyModule_*() convenience functions.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14769
diff
changeset
|
3918 char *name, PyObject *value} |
|
3c01f921c453
Added documentation for the new PyModule_*() convenience functions.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14769
diff
changeset
|
3919 Add an object to \var{module} as \var{name}. This is a convenience |
|
3c01f921c453
Added documentation for the new PyModule_*() convenience functions.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14769
diff
changeset
|
3920 function which can be used from the module's initialization function. |
|
3c01f921c453
Added documentation for the new PyModule_*() convenience functions.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14769
diff
changeset
|
3921 This steals a reference to \var{value}. Returns \code{-1} on error, |
|
3c01f921c453
Added documentation for the new PyModule_*() convenience functions.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14769
diff
changeset
|
3922 \code{0} on success. |
|
3c01f921c453
Added documentation for the new PyModule_*() convenience functions.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14769
diff
changeset
|
3923 \versionadded{2.0} |
|
3c01f921c453
Added documentation for the new PyModule_*() convenience functions.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14769
diff
changeset
|
3924 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
3c01f921c453
Added documentation for the new PyModule_*() convenience functions.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14769
diff
changeset
|
3925 |
|
3c01f921c453
Added documentation for the new PyModule_*() convenience functions.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14769
diff
changeset
|
3926 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyModule_AddIntConstant}{PyObject *module, |
|
3c01f921c453
Added documentation for the new PyModule_*() convenience functions.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14769
diff
changeset
|
3927 char *name, int value} |
|
3c01f921c453
Added documentation for the new PyModule_*() convenience functions.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14769
diff
changeset
|
3928 Add an integer constant to \var{module} as \var{name}. This convenience |
|
3c01f921c453
Added documentation for the new PyModule_*() convenience functions.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14769
diff
changeset
|
3929 function can be used from the module's initialization function. |
|
3c01f921c453
Added documentation for the new PyModule_*() convenience functions.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14769
diff
changeset
|
3930 Returns \code{-1} on error, \code{0} on success. |
|
3c01f921c453
Added documentation for the new PyModule_*() convenience functions.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14769
diff
changeset
|
3931 \versionadded{2.0} |
|
3c01f921c453
Added documentation for the new PyModule_*() convenience functions.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14769
diff
changeset
|
3932 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
3c01f921c453
Added documentation for the new PyModule_*() convenience functions.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14769
diff
changeset
|
3933 |
|
3c01f921c453
Added documentation for the new PyModule_*() convenience functions.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14769
diff
changeset
|
3934 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyModule_AddStringConstant}{PyObject *module, |
|
3c01f921c453
Added documentation for the new PyModule_*() convenience functions.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14769
diff
changeset
|
3935 char *name, char *value} |
|
3c01f921c453
Added documentation for the new PyModule_*() convenience functions.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14769
diff
changeset
|
3936 Add a string constant to \var{module} as \var{name}. This convenience |
|
3c01f921c453
Added documentation for the new PyModule_*() convenience functions.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14769
diff
changeset
|
3937 function can be used from the module's initialization function. The |
|
3c01f921c453
Added documentation for the new PyModule_*() convenience functions.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14769
diff
changeset
|
3938 string \var{value} must be null-terminated. Returns \code{-1} on |
|
3c01f921c453
Added documentation for the new PyModule_*() convenience functions.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14769
diff
changeset
|
3939 error, \code{0} on success. |
|
3c01f921c453
Added documentation for the new PyModule_*() convenience functions.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14769
diff
changeset
|
3940 \versionadded{2.0} |
|
3c01f921c453
Added documentation for the new PyModule_*() convenience functions.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14769
diff
changeset
|
3941 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
3c01f921c453
Added documentation for the new PyModule_*() convenience functions.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14769
diff
changeset
|
3942 |
| 10163 | 3943 |
| 3944 \subsection{CObjects \label{cObjects}} | |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3945 |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3946 \obindex{CObject} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3947 Refer to \emph{Extending and Embedding the Python Interpreter}, |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3948 section 1.12 (``Providing a C API for an Extension Module''), for more |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3949 information on using these objects. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3950 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3951 |
|
8109
2e49bc89fafa
Filled in some more blanks, with the help of Drew Csillag.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
8057
diff
changeset
|
3952 \begin{ctypedesc}{PyCObject} |
|
8120
068fea15cbcd
Convert recent additions to use new, "logical" markup.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
8109
diff
changeset
|
3953 This subtype of \ctype{PyObject} represents an opaque value, useful for |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3954 C extension modules who need to pass an opaque value (as a |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3955 \ctype{void*} pointer) through Python code to other C code. It is |
|
8109
2e49bc89fafa
Filled in some more blanks, with the help of Drew Csillag.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
8057
diff
changeset
|
3956 often used to make a C function pointer defined in one module |
|
2e49bc89fafa
Filled in some more blanks, with the help of Drew Csillag.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
8057
diff
changeset
|
3957 available to other modules, so the regular import mechanism can be |
|
2e49bc89fafa
Filled in some more blanks, with the help of Drew Csillag.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
8057
diff
changeset
|
3958 used to access C APIs defined in dynamically loaded modules. |
|
2e49bc89fafa
Filled in some more blanks, with the help of Drew Csillag.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
8057
diff
changeset
|
3959 \end{ctypedesc} |
|
2e49bc89fafa
Filled in some more blanks, with the help of Drew Csillag.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
8057
diff
changeset
|
3960 |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3961 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PyCObject_Check}{PyObject *p} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3962 Returns true if its argument is a \ctype{PyCObject}. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3963 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3964 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3965 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyCObject_FromVoidPtr}{void* cobj, |
|
15953
8349b4dfc51a
Undoing the whitespace patches which sneaked into the earlier patch.
Marc-André Lemburg <mal@egenix.com>
parents:
15952
diff
changeset
|
3966 void (*destr)(void *)} |
| 12947 | 3967 Creates a \ctype{PyCObject} from the \code{void *}\var{cobj}. The |
|
10851
fcb25335d6ae
PyCObject_FromVoidPtr(): Clarify that the destr function will only be
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
10786
diff
changeset
|
3968 \var{destr} function will be called when the object is reclaimed, unless |
|
fcb25335d6ae
PyCObject_FromVoidPtr(): Clarify that the destr function will only be
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
10786
diff
changeset
|
3969 it is \NULL. |
|
8109
2e49bc89fafa
Filled in some more blanks, with the help of Drew Csillag.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
8057
diff
changeset
|
3970 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
2e49bc89fafa
Filled in some more blanks, with the help of Drew Csillag.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
8057
diff
changeset
|
3971 |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3972 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyCObject_FromVoidPtrAndDesc}{void* cobj, |
|
15953
8349b4dfc51a
Undoing the whitespace patches which sneaked into the earlier patch.
Marc-André Lemburg <mal@egenix.com>
parents:
15952
diff
changeset
|
3973 void* desc, void (*destr)(void *, void *) } |
|
8120
068fea15cbcd
Convert recent additions to use new, "logical" markup.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
8109
diff
changeset
|
3974 Creates a \ctype{PyCObject} from the \ctype{void *}\var{cobj}. The |
|
068fea15cbcd
Convert recent additions to use new, "logical" markup.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
8109
diff
changeset
|
3975 \var{destr} function will be called when the object is reclaimed. The |
|
068fea15cbcd
Convert recent additions to use new, "logical" markup.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
8109
diff
changeset
|
3976 \var{desc} argument can be used to pass extra callback data for the |
|
068fea15cbcd
Convert recent additions to use new, "logical" markup.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
8109
diff
changeset
|
3977 destructor function. |
|
8109
2e49bc89fafa
Filled in some more blanks, with the help of Drew Csillag.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
8057
diff
changeset
|
3978 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
2e49bc89fafa
Filled in some more blanks, with the help of Drew Csillag.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
8057
diff
changeset
|
3979 |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3980 \begin{cfuncdesc}{void*}{PyCObject_AsVoidPtr}{PyObject* self} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3981 Returns the object \ctype{void *} that the |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3982 \ctype{PyCObject} \var{self} was created with. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3983 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3984 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3985 \begin{cfuncdesc}{void*}{PyCObject_GetDesc}{PyObject* self} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3986 Returns the description \ctype{void *} that the |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3987 \ctype{PyCObject} \var{self} was created with. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3988 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3989 |
|
7269
682d3e5b267f
Reorganized a bit. No changed content.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7268
diff
changeset
|
3990 |
| 10163 | 3991 \chapter{Initialization, Finalization, and Threads |
| 3992 \label{initialization}} | |
|
6041
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
3993 |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
3994 \begin{cfuncdesc}{void}{Py_Initialize}{} |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
3995 Initialize the Python interpreter. In an application embedding |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
3996 Python, this should be called before using any other Python/C API |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3997 functions; with the exception of |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3998 \cfunction{Py_SetProgramName()}\ttindex{Py_SetProgramName()}, |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
3999 \cfunction{PyEval_InitThreads()}\ttindex{PyEval_InitThreads()}, |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4000 \cfunction{PyEval_ReleaseLock()}\ttindex{PyEval_ReleaseLock()}, |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4001 and \cfunction{PyEval_AcquireLock()}\ttindex{PyEval_AcquireLock()}. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4002 This initializes the table of loaded modules (\code{sys.modules}), and |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4003 \withsubitem{(in module sys)}{\ttindex{modules}\ttindex{path}}creates the |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4004 fundamental modules \module{__builtin__}\refbimodindex{__builtin__}, |
|
7310
6095a472f574
Place C typedef for Py_complex after brief description, to be more consistent
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7309
diff
changeset
|
4005 \module{__main__}\refbimodindex{__main__} and |
|
6095a472f574
Place C typedef for Py_complex after brief description, to be more consistent
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7309
diff
changeset
|
4006 \module{sys}\refbimodindex{sys}. It also initializes the module |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4007 search\indexiii{module}{search}{path} path (\code{sys.path}). |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4008 It does not set \code{sys.argv}; use |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4009 \cfunction{PySys_SetArgv()}\ttindex{PySys_SetArgv()} for that. This |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4010 is a no-op when called for a second time (without calling |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4011 \cfunction{Py_Finalize()}\ttindex{Py_Finalize()} first). There is no |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4012 return value; it is a fatal error if the initialization fails. |
|
6382
16cd39805fd5
Checkpoint. Added docs for the new exception handling APIs and for
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6126
diff
changeset
|
4013 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
16cd39805fd5
Checkpoint. Added docs for the new exception handling APIs and for
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6126
diff
changeset
|
4014 |
|
16cd39805fd5
Checkpoint. Added docs for the new exception handling APIs and for
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6126
diff
changeset
|
4015 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{Py_IsInitialized}{} |
|
16cd39805fd5
Checkpoint. Added docs for the new exception handling APIs and for
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6126
diff
changeset
|
4016 Return true (nonzero) when the Python interpreter has been |
| 7308 | 4017 initialized, false (zero) if not. After \cfunction{Py_Finalize()} is |
| 4018 called, this returns false until \cfunction{Py_Initialize()} is called | |
|
6382
16cd39805fd5
Checkpoint. Added docs for the new exception handling APIs and for
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6126
diff
changeset
|
4019 again. |
|
6041
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4020 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4021 |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4022 \begin{cfuncdesc}{void}{Py_Finalize}{} |
| 7308 | 4023 Undo all initializations made by \cfunction{Py_Initialize()} and |
| 4024 subsequent use of Python/C API functions, and destroy all | |
| 4025 sub-interpreters (see \cfunction{Py_NewInterpreter()} below) that were | |
| 4026 created and not yet destroyed since the last call to | |
| 4027 \cfunction{Py_Initialize()}. Ideally, this frees all memory allocated | |
| 4028 by the Python interpreter. This is a no-op when called for a second | |
| 4029 time (without calling \cfunction{Py_Initialize()} again first). There | |
| 4030 is no return value; errors during finalization are ignored. | |
|
6041
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4031 |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4032 This function is provided for a number of reasons. An embedding |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4033 application might want to restart Python without having to restart the |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4034 application itself. An application that has loaded the Python |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4035 interpreter from a dynamically loadable library (or DLL) might want to |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4036 free all memory allocated by Python before unloading the DLL. During a |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4037 hunt for memory leaks in an application a developer might want to free |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4038 all memory allocated by Python before exiting from the application. |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4039 |
| 7308 | 4040 \strong{Bugs and caveats:} The destruction of modules and objects in |
|
6041
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4041 modules is done in random order; this may cause destructors |
| 7308 | 4042 (\method{__del__()} methods) to fail when they depend on other objects |
|
6041
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4043 (even functions) or modules. Dynamically loaded extension modules |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4044 loaded by Python are not unloaded. Small amounts of memory allocated |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4045 by the Python interpreter may not be freed (if you find a leak, please |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4046 report it). Memory tied up in circular references between objects is |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4047 not freed. Some memory allocated by extension modules may not be |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4048 freed. Some extension may not work properly if their initialization |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4049 routine is called more than once; this can happen if an applcation |
| 7308 | 4050 calls \cfunction{Py_Initialize()} and \cfunction{Py_Finalize()} more |
| 4051 than once. | |
|
6041
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4052 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4053 |
| 7782 | 4054 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyThreadState*}{Py_NewInterpreter}{} |
|
7310
6095a472f574
Place C typedef for Py_complex after brief description, to be more consistent
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7309
diff
changeset
|
4055 Create a new sub-interpreter. This is an (almost) totally separate |
|
6095a472f574
Place C typedef for Py_complex after brief description, to be more consistent
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7309
diff
changeset
|
4056 environment for the execution of Python code. In particular, the new |
|
6095a472f574
Place C typedef for Py_complex after brief description, to be more consistent
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7309
diff
changeset
|
4057 interpreter has separate, independent versions of all imported |
|
6095a472f574
Place C typedef for Py_complex after brief description, to be more consistent
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7309
diff
changeset
|
4058 modules, including the fundamental modules |
|
6095a472f574
Place C typedef for Py_complex after brief description, to be more consistent
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7309
diff
changeset
|
4059 \module{__builtin__}\refbimodindex{__builtin__}, |
|
6095a472f574
Place C typedef for Py_complex after brief description, to be more consistent
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7309
diff
changeset
|
4060 \module{__main__}\refbimodindex{__main__} and |
|
6095a472f574
Place C typedef for Py_complex after brief description, to be more consistent
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7309
diff
changeset
|
4061 \module{sys}\refbimodindex{sys}. The table of loaded modules |
|
6095a472f574
Place C typedef for Py_complex after brief description, to be more consistent
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7309
diff
changeset
|
4062 (\code{sys.modules}) and the module search path (\code{sys.path}) are |
|
6095a472f574
Place C typedef for Py_complex after brief description, to be more consistent
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7309
diff
changeset
|
4063 also separate. The new environment has no \code{sys.argv} variable. |
|
6095a472f574
Place C typedef for Py_complex after brief description, to be more consistent
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7309
diff
changeset
|
4064 It has new standard I/O stream file objects \code{sys.stdin}, |
|
6095a472f574
Place C typedef for Py_complex after brief description, to be more consistent
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7309
diff
changeset
|
4065 \code{sys.stdout} and \code{sys.stderr} (however these refer to the |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4066 same underlying \ctype{FILE} structures in the C library). |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4067 \withsubitem{(in module sys)}{ |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4068 \ttindex{stdout}\ttindex{stderr}\ttindex{stdin}} |
|
6041
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4069 |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4070 The return value points to the first thread state created in the new |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4071 sub-interpreter. This thread state is made the current thread state. |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4072 Note that no actual thread is created; see the discussion of thread |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4073 states below. If creation of the new interpreter is unsuccessful, |
|
6653
c6c1d133677a
Several changes, e.g. restructuring of the intro to be closer to what
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6480
diff
changeset
|
4074 \NULL{} is returned; no exception is set since the exception state |
|
6041
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4075 is stored in the current thread state and there may not be a current |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4076 thread state. (Like all other Python/C API functions, the global |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4077 interpreter lock must be held before calling this function and is |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4078 still held when it returns; however, unlike most other Python/C API |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4079 functions, there needn't be a current thread state on entry.) |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4080 |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4081 Extension modules are shared between (sub-)interpreters as follows: |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4082 the first time a particular extension is imported, it is initialized |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4083 normally, and a (shallow) copy of its module's dictionary is |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4084 squirreled away. When the same extension is imported by another |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4085 (sub-)interpreter, a new module is initialized and filled with the |
| 7308 | 4086 contents of this copy; the extension's \code{init} function is not |
| 4087 called. Note that this is different from what happens when an | |
| 4088 extension is imported after the interpreter has been completely | |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4089 re-initialized by calling |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4090 \cfunction{Py_Finalize()}\ttindex{Py_Finalize()} and |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4091 \cfunction{Py_Initialize()}\ttindex{Py_Initialize()}; in that case, |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4092 the extension's \code{init\var{module}} function \emph{is} called |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4093 again. |
|
6041
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4094 |
| 7308 | 4095 \strong{Bugs and caveats:} Because sub-interpreters (and the main |
|
6041
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4096 interpreter) are part of the same process, the insulation between them |
| 7308 | 4097 isn't perfect --- for example, using low-level file operations like |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4098 \withsubitem{(in module os)}{\ttindex{close()}} |
|
8120
068fea15cbcd
Convert recent additions to use new, "logical" markup.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
8109
diff
changeset
|
4099 \function{os.close()} they can (accidentally or maliciously) affect each |
|
6041
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4100 other's open files. Because of the way extensions are shared between |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4101 (sub-)interpreters, some extensions may not work properly; this is |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4102 especially likely when the extension makes use of (static) global |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4103 variables, or when the extension manipulates its module's dictionary |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4104 after its initialization. It is possible to insert objects created in |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4105 one sub-interpreter into a namespace of another sub-interpreter; this |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4106 should be done with great care to avoid sharing user-defined |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4107 functions, methods, instances or classes between sub-interpreters, |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4108 since import operations executed by such objects may affect the |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4109 wrong (sub-)interpreter's dictionary of loaded modules. (XXX This is |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4110 a hard-to-fix bug that will be addressed in a future release.) |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4111 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4112 |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4113 \begin{cfuncdesc}{void}{Py_EndInterpreter}{PyThreadState *tstate} |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4114 Destroy the (sub-)interpreter represented by the given thread state. |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4115 The given thread state must be the current thread state. See the |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4116 discussion of thread states below. When the call returns, the current |
|
6653
c6c1d133677a
Several changes, e.g. restructuring of the intro to be closer to what
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6480
diff
changeset
|
4117 thread state is \NULL{}. All thread states associated with this |
|
6041
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4118 interpreted are destroyed. (The global interpreter lock must be held |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4119 before calling this function and is still held when it returns.) |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4120 \cfunction{Py_Finalize()}\ttindex{Py_Finalize()} will destroy all |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4121 sub-interpreters that haven't been explicitly destroyed at that point. |
|
6041
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4122 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4123 |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4124 \begin{cfuncdesc}{void}{Py_SetProgramName}{char *name} |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4125 This function should be called before |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4126 \cfunction{Py_Initialize()}\ttindex{Py_Initialize()} is called |
|
6041
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4127 for the first time, if it is called at all. It tells the interpreter |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4128 the value of the \code{argv[0]} argument to the |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4129 \cfunction{main()}\ttindex{main()} function of the program. This is |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4130 used by \cfunction{Py_GetPath()}\ttindex{Py_GetPath()} and some other |
|
6041
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4131 functions below to find the Python run-time libraries relative to the |
|
12930
6618325574cb
Documented PySequence_List() and PySequence_Tuple().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12355
diff
changeset
|
4132 interpreter executable. The default value is \code{'python'}. The |
|
6041
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4133 argument should point to a zero-terminated character string in static |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4134 storage whose contents will not change for the duration of the |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4135 program's execution. No code in the Python interpreter will change |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4136 the contents of this storage. |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4137 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4138 |
| 7782 | 4139 \begin{cfuncdesc}{char*}{Py_GetProgramName}{} |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4140 Return the program name set with |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4141 \cfunction{Py_SetProgramName()}\ttindex{Py_SetProgramName()}, or the |
|
6041
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4142 default. The returned string points into static storage; the caller |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4143 should not modify its value. |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4144 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4145 |
| 7782 | 4146 \begin{cfuncdesc}{char*}{Py_GetPrefix}{} |
| 7308 | 4147 Return the \emph{prefix} for installed platform-independent files. This |
|
6041
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4148 is derived through a number of complicated rules from the program name |
| 7308 | 4149 set with \cfunction{Py_SetProgramName()} and some environment variables; |
|
12930
6618325574cb
Documented PySequence_List() and PySequence_Tuple().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12355
diff
changeset
|
4150 for example, if the program name is \code{'/usr/local/bin/python'}, |
|
6618325574cb
Documented PySequence_List() and PySequence_Tuple().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12355
diff
changeset
|
4151 the prefix is \code{'/usr/local'}. The returned string points into |
|
6041
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4152 static storage; the caller should not modify its value. This |
|
8021
3b91affa333e
In descriptions of Py_GetPrefix() and Py_GetExecPrefix(), make sure the
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7923
diff
changeset
|
4153 corresponds to the \makevar{prefix} variable in the top-level |
|
12930
6618325574cb
Documented PySequence_List() and PySequence_Tuple().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12355
diff
changeset
|
4154 \file{Makefile} and the \longprogramopt{prefix} argument to the |
| 7308 | 4155 \program{configure} script at build time. The value is available to |
| 7081 | 4156 Python code as \code{sys.prefix}. It is only useful on \UNIX{}. See |
|
6041
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4157 also the next function. |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4158 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4159 |
| 7782 | 4160 \begin{cfuncdesc}{char*}{Py_GetExecPrefix}{} |
| 7308 | 4161 Return the \emph{exec-prefix} for installed platform-\emph{de}pendent |
|
6041
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4162 files. This is derived through a number of complicated rules from the |
| 7308 | 4163 program name set with \cfunction{Py_SetProgramName()} and some environment |
|
6041
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4164 variables; for example, if the program name is |
|
12930
6618325574cb
Documented PySequence_List() and PySequence_Tuple().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12355
diff
changeset
|
4165 \code{'/usr/local/bin/python'}, the exec-prefix is |
|
6618325574cb
Documented PySequence_List() and PySequence_Tuple().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12355
diff
changeset
|
4166 \code{'/usr/local'}. The returned string points into static storage; |
|
6041
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4167 the caller should not modify its value. This corresponds to the |
|
8021
3b91affa333e
In descriptions of Py_GetPrefix() and Py_GetExecPrefix(), make sure the
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7923
diff
changeset
|
4168 \makevar{exec_prefix} variable in the top-level \file{Makefile} and the |
|
12930
6618325574cb
Documented PySequence_List() and PySequence_Tuple().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12355
diff
changeset
|
4169 \longprogramopt{exec-prefix} argument to the |
|
11453
a05a05602902
Missed a couple of program options that had been marked by \code.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
11451
diff
changeset
|
4170 \program{configure} script at build time. The value is available to |
|
a05a05602902
Missed a couple of program options that had been marked by \code.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
11451
diff
changeset
|
4171 Python code as \code{sys.exec_prefix}. It is only useful on \UNIX{}. |
|
6041
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4172 |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4173 Background: The exec-prefix differs from the prefix when platform |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4174 dependent files (such as executables and shared libraries) are |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4175 installed in a different directory tree. In a typical installation, |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4176 platform dependent files may be installed in the |
|
12930
6618325574cb
Documented PySequence_List() and PySequence_Tuple().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12355
diff
changeset
|
4177 \file{/usr/local/plat} subtree while platform independent may be |
|
6618325574cb
Documented PySequence_List() and PySequence_Tuple().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12355
diff
changeset
|
4178 installed in \file{/usr/local}. |
|
6041
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4179 |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4180 Generally speaking, a platform is a combination of hardware and |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4181 software families, e.g. Sparc machines running the Solaris 2.x |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4182 operating system are considered the same platform, but Intel machines |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4183 running Solaris 2.x are another platform, and Intel machines running |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4184 Linux are yet another platform. Different major revisions of the same |
| 7081 | 4185 operating system generally also form different platforms. Non-\UNIX{} |
|
6041
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4186 operating systems are a different story; the installation strategies |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4187 on those systems are so different that the prefix and exec-prefix are |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4188 meaningless, and set to the empty string. Note that compiled Python |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4189 bytecode files are platform independent (but not independent from the |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4190 Python version by which they were compiled!). |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4191 |
| 7308 | 4192 System administrators will know how to configure the \program{mount} or |
|
12930
6618325574cb
Documented PySequence_List() and PySequence_Tuple().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12355
diff
changeset
|
4193 \program{automount} programs to share \file{/usr/local} between platforms |
|
6618325574cb
Documented PySequence_List() and PySequence_Tuple().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12355
diff
changeset
|
4194 while having \file{/usr/local/plat} be a different filesystem for each |
|
6041
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4195 platform. |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4196 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4197 |
| 7782 | 4198 \begin{cfuncdesc}{char*}{Py_GetProgramFullPath}{} |
|
6041
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4199 Return the full program name of the Python executable; this is |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4200 computed as a side-effect of deriving the default module search path |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4201 from the program name (set by |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4202 \cfunction{Py_SetProgramName()}\ttindex{Py_SetProgramName()} above). |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4203 The returned string points into static storage; the caller should not |
|
6041
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4204 modify its value. The value is available to Python code as |
|
6382
16cd39805fd5
Checkpoint. Added docs for the new exception handling APIs and for
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6126
diff
changeset
|
4205 \code{sys.executable}. |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4206 \withsubitem{(in module sys)}{\ttindex{executable}} |
|
6041
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4207 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4208 |
| 7782 | 4209 \begin{cfuncdesc}{char*}{Py_GetPath}{} |
|
7310
6095a472f574
Place C typedef for Py_complex after brief description, to be more consistent
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7309
diff
changeset
|
4210 \indexiii{module}{search}{path} |
|
6041
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4211 Return the default module search path; this is computed from the |
| 7308 | 4212 program name (set by \cfunction{Py_SetProgramName()} above) and some |
|
6041
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4213 environment variables. The returned string consists of a series of |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4214 directory names separated by a platform dependent delimiter character. |
|
8120
068fea15cbcd
Convert recent additions to use new, "logical" markup.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
8109
diff
changeset
|
4215 The delimiter character is \character{:} on \UNIX{}, \character{;} on |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4216 DOS/Windows, and \character{\e n} (the \ASCII{} newline character) on |
| 7271 | 4217 Macintosh. The returned string points into static storage; the caller |
|
6041
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4218 should not modify its value. The value is available to Python code |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4219 as the list \code{sys.path}\withsubitem{(in module sys)}{\ttindex{path}}, |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4220 which may be modified to change the future search path for loaded |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4221 modules. |
|
6041
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4222 |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4223 % XXX should give the exact rules |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4224 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4225 |
| 7782 | 4226 \begin{cfuncdesc}{const char*}{Py_GetVersion}{} |
|
6041
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4227 Return the version of this Python interpreter. This is a string that |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4228 looks something like |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4229 |
|
6074
5e5e54a6dba6
Fixes to make it pass latex without complaints.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6041
diff
changeset
|
4230 \begin{verbatim} |
| 7308 | 4231 "1.5 (#67, Dec 31 1997, 22:34:28) [GCC 2.7.2.2]" |
|
6074
5e5e54a6dba6
Fixes to make it pass latex without complaints.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6041
diff
changeset
|
4232 \end{verbatim} |
|
6041
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4233 |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4234 The first word (up to the first space character) is the current Python |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4235 version; the first three characters are the major and minor version |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4236 separated by a period. The returned string points into static storage; |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4237 the caller should not modify its value. The value is available to |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4238 Python code as the list \code{sys.version}. |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4239 \withsubitem{(in module sys)}{\ttindex{version}} |
|
6041
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4240 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4241 |
| 7782 | 4242 \begin{cfuncdesc}{const char*}{Py_GetPlatform}{} |
| 7081 | 4243 Return the platform identifier for the current platform. On \UNIX{}, |
|
6041
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4244 this is formed from the ``official'' name of the operating system, |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4245 converted to lower case, followed by the major revision number; e.g., |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4246 for Solaris 2.x, which is also known as SunOS 5.x, the value is |
|
12930
6618325574cb
Documented PySequence_List() and PySequence_Tuple().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12355
diff
changeset
|
4247 \code{'sunos5'}. On Macintosh, it is \code{'mac'}. On Windows, it |
|
6618325574cb
Documented PySequence_List() and PySequence_Tuple().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12355
diff
changeset
|
4248 is \code{'win'}. The returned string points into static storage; |
|
6041
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4249 the caller should not modify its value. The value is available to |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4250 Python code as \code{sys.platform}. |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4251 \withsubitem{(in module sys)}{\ttindex{platform}} |
|
6041
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4252 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4253 |
| 7782 | 4254 \begin{cfuncdesc}{const char*}{Py_GetCopyright}{} |
|
6041
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4255 Return the official copyright string for the current Python version, |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4256 for example |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4257 |
|
12930
6618325574cb
Documented PySequence_List() and PySequence_Tuple().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12355
diff
changeset
|
4258 \code{'Copyright 1991-1995 Stichting Mathematisch Centrum, Amsterdam'} |
|
6041
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4259 |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4260 The returned string points into static storage; the caller should not |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4261 modify its value. The value is available to Python code as the list |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4262 \code{sys.copyright}. |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4263 \withsubitem{(in module sys)}{\ttindex{copyright}} |
|
6041
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4264 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4265 |
| 7782 | 4266 \begin{cfuncdesc}{const char*}{Py_GetCompiler}{} |
|
6041
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4267 Return an indication of the compiler used to build the current Python |
| 7308 | 4268 version, in square brackets, for example: |
| 4269 | |
| 4270 \begin{verbatim} | |
| 4271 "[GCC 2.7.2.2]" | |
| 4272 \end{verbatim} | |
|
6041
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4273 |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4274 The returned string points into static storage; the caller should not |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4275 modify its value. The value is available to Python code as part of |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4276 the variable \code{sys.version}. |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4277 \withsubitem{(in module sys)}{\ttindex{version}} |
|
6041
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4278 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4279 |
| 7782 | 4280 \begin{cfuncdesc}{const char*}{Py_GetBuildInfo}{} |
|
6041
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4281 Return information about the sequence number and build date and time |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4282 of the current Python interpreter instance, for example |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4283 |
|
6074
5e5e54a6dba6
Fixes to make it pass latex without complaints.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6041
diff
changeset
|
4284 \begin{verbatim} |
|
5e5e54a6dba6
Fixes to make it pass latex without complaints.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6041
diff
changeset
|
4285 "#67, Aug 1 1997, 22:34:28" |
|
5e5e54a6dba6
Fixes to make it pass latex without complaints.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6041
diff
changeset
|
4286 \end{verbatim} |
|
6041
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4287 |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4288 The returned string points into static storage; the caller should not |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4289 modify its value. The value is available to Python code as part of |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4290 the variable \code{sys.version}. |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4291 \withsubitem{(in module sys)}{\ttindex{version}} |
|
6041
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4292 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4293 |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4294 \begin{cfuncdesc}{int}{PySys_SetArgv}{int argc, char **argv} |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4295 Set \code{sys.argv} based on \var{argc} and \var{argv}. These |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4296 parameters are similar to those passed to the program's |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4297 \cfunction{main()}\ttindex{main()} function with the difference that |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4298 the first entry should refer to the script file to be executed rather |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4299 than the executable hosting the Python interpreter. If there isn't a |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4300 script that will be run, the first entry in \var{argv} can be an empty |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4301 string. If this function fails to initialize \code{sys.argv}, a fatal |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4302 condition is signalled using |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4303 \cfunction{Py_FatalError()}\ttindex{Py_FatalError()}. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4304 \withsubitem{(in module sys)}{\ttindex{argv}} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4305 % XXX impl. doesn't seem consistent in allowing 0/NULL for the params; |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4306 % check w/ Guido. |
|
6041
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4307 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4308 |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4309 % XXX Other PySys thingies (doesn't really belong in this chapter) |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4310 |
| 10163 | 4311 \section{Thread State and the Global Interpreter Lock |
| 4312 \label{threads}} | |
|
6041
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4313 |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4314 \index{global interpreter lock} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4315 \index{interpreter lock} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4316 \index{lock, interpreter} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4317 |
|
6390
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4318 The Python interpreter is not fully thread safe. In order to support |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4319 multi-threaded Python programs, there's a global lock that must be |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4320 held by the current thread before it can safely access Python objects. |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4321 Without the lock, even the simplest operations could cause problems in |
|
7422
2d508822e7f6
Fixed typo reported by Vladimir Marangozov <Vladimir.Marangozov@imag.fr>.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7314
diff
changeset
|
4322 a multi-threaded program: for example, when two threads simultaneously |
|
6390
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4323 increment the reference count of the same object, the reference count |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4324 could end up being incremented only once instead of twice. |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4325 |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4326 Therefore, the rule exists that only the thread that has acquired the |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4327 global interpreter lock may operate on Python objects or call Python/C |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4328 API functions. In order to support multi-threaded Python programs, |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4329 the interpreter regularly releases and reacquires the lock --- by |
|
6390
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4330 default, every ten bytecode instructions (this can be changed with |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4331 \withsubitem{(in module sys)}{\ttindex{setcheckinterval()}} |
| 7308 | 4332 \function{sys.setcheckinterval()}). The lock is also released and |
|
6390
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4333 reacquired around potentially blocking I/O operations like reading or |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4334 writing a file, so that other threads can run while the thread that |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4335 requests the I/O is waiting for the I/O operation to complete. |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4336 |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4337 The Python interpreter needs to keep some bookkeeping information |
| 7308 | 4338 separate per thread --- for this it uses a data structure called |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4339 \ctype{PyThreadState}\ttindex{PyThreadState}. This is new in Python |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4340 1.5; in earlier versions, such state was stored in global variables, |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4341 and switching threads could cause problems. In particular, exception |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4342 handling is now thread safe, when the application uses |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4343 \withsubitem{(in module sys)}{\ttindex{exc_info()}} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4344 \function{sys.exc_info()} to access the exception last raised in the |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4345 current thread. |
|
6390
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4346 |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4347 There's one global variable left, however: the pointer to the current |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4348 \ctype{PyThreadState}\ttindex{PyThreadState} structure. While most |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4349 thread packages have a way to store ``per-thread global data,'' |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4350 Python's internal platform independent thread abstraction doesn't |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4351 support this yet. Therefore, the current thread state must be |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4352 manipulated explicitly. |
|
6390
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4353 |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4354 This is easy enough in most cases. Most code manipulating the global |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4355 interpreter lock has the following simple structure: |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4356 |
|
6417
4491f84ac223
Change title to {Python/C API Reference Manual}; remove \bcode \ecode
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6390
diff
changeset
|
4357 \begin{verbatim} |
|
6390
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4358 Save the thread state in a local variable. |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4359 Release the interpreter lock. |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4360 ...Do some blocking I/O operation... |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4361 Reacquire the interpreter lock. |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4362 Restore the thread state from the local variable. |
|
6417
4491f84ac223
Change title to {Python/C API Reference Manual}; remove \bcode \ecode
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6390
diff
changeset
|
4363 \end{verbatim} |
|
6390
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4364 |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4365 This is so common that a pair of macros exists to simplify it: |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4366 |
|
6417
4491f84ac223
Change title to {Python/C API Reference Manual}; remove \bcode \ecode
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6390
diff
changeset
|
4367 \begin{verbatim} |
|
6390
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4368 Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4369 ...Do some blocking I/O operation... |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4370 Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS |
|
6417
4491f84ac223
Change title to {Python/C API Reference Manual}; remove \bcode \ecode
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6390
diff
changeset
|
4371 \end{verbatim} |
|
6390
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4372 |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4373 The \code{Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS}\ttindex{Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS} macro |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4374 opens a new block and declares a hidden local variable; the |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4375 \code{Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS}\ttindex{Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS} macro closes |
| 7308 | 4376 the block. Another advantage of using these two macros is that when |
| 4377 Python is compiled without thread support, they are defined empty, | |
| 4378 thus saving the thread state and lock manipulations. | |
|
6390
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4379 |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4380 When thread support is enabled, the block above expands to the |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4381 following code: |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4382 |
|
6417
4491f84ac223
Change title to {Python/C API Reference Manual}; remove \bcode \ecode
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6390
diff
changeset
|
4383 \begin{verbatim} |
|
6390
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4384 PyThreadState *_save; |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4385 |
|
6390
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4386 _save = PyEval_SaveThread(); |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4387 ...Do some blocking I/O operation... |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4388 PyEval_RestoreThread(_save); |
|
6417
4491f84ac223
Change title to {Python/C API Reference Manual}; remove \bcode \ecode
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6390
diff
changeset
|
4389 \end{verbatim} |
|
6390
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4390 |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4391 Using even lower level primitives, we can get roughly the same effect |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4392 as follows: |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4393 |
|
6417
4491f84ac223
Change title to {Python/C API Reference Manual}; remove \bcode \ecode
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6390
diff
changeset
|
4394 \begin{verbatim} |
|
6390
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4395 PyThreadState *_save; |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4396 |
|
6390
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4397 _save = PyThreadState_Swap(NULL); |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4398 PyEval_ReleaseLock(); |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4399 ...Do some blocking I/O operation... |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4400 PyEval_AcquireLock(); |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4401 PyThreadState_Swap(_save); |
|
6417
4491f84ac223
Change title to {Python/C API Reference Manual}; remove \bcode \ecode
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6390
diff
changeset
|
4402 \end{verbatim} |
|
6390
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4403 |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4404 There are some subtle differences; in particular, |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4405 \cfunction{PyEval_RestoreThread()}\ttindex{PyEval_RestoreThread()} saves |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4406 and restores the value of the global variable |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4407 \cdata{errno}\ttindex{errno}, since the lock manipulation does not |
|
8120
068fea15cbcd
Convert recent additions to use new, "logical" markup.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
8109
diff
changeset
|
4408 guarantee that \cdata{errno} is left alone. Also, when thread support |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4409 is disabled, |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4410 \cfunction{PyEval_SaveThread()}\ttindex{PyEval_SaveThread()} and |
| 7308 | 4411 \cfunction{PyEval_RestoreThread()} don't manipulate the lock; in this |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4412 case, \cfunction{PyEval_ReleaseLock()}\ttindex{PyEval_ReleaseLock()} and |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4413 \cfunction{PyEval_AcquireLock()}\ttindex{PyEval_AcquireLock()} are not |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4414 available. This is done so that dynamically loaded extensions |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4415 compiled with thread support enabled can be loaded by an interpreter |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4416 that was compiled with disabled thread support. |
|
6390
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4417 |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4418 The global interpreter lock is used to protect the pointer to the |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4419 current thread state. When releasing the lock and saving the thread |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4420 state, the current thread state pointer must be retrieved before the |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4421 lock is released (since another thread could immediately acquire the |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4422 lock and store its own thread state in the global variable). |
| 14926 | 4423 Conversely, when acquiring the lock and restoring the thread state, |
| 4424 the lock must be acquired before storing the thread state pointer. | |
|
6390
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4425 |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4426 Why am I going on with so much detail about this? Because when |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4427 threads are created from C, they don't have the global interpreter |
|
6390
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4428 lock, nor is there a thread state data structure for them. Such |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4429 threads must bootstrap themselves into existence, by first creating a |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4430 thread state data structure, then acquiring the lock, and finally |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4431 storing their thread state pointer, before they can start using the |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4432 Python/C API. When they are done, they should reset the thread state |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4433 pointer, release the lock, and finally free their thread state data |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4434 structure. |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4435 |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4436 When creating a thread data structure, you need to provide an |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4437 interpreter state data structure. The interpreter state data |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4438 structure hold global data that is shared by all threads in an |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4439 interpreter, for example the module administration |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4440 (\code{sys.modules}). Depending on your needs, you can either create |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4441 a new interpreter state data structure, or share the interpreter state |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4442 data structure used by the Python main thread (to access the latter, |
|
8120
068fea15cbcd
Convert recent additions to use new, "logical" markup.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
8109
diff
changeset
|
4443 you must obtain the thread state and access its \member{interp} member; |
|
6390
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4444 this must be done by a thread that is created by Python or by the main |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4445 thread after Python is initialized). |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4446 |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4447 |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4448 \begin{ctypedesc}{PyInterpreterState} |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4449 This data structure represents the state shared by a number of |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4450 cooperating threads. Threads belonging to the same interpreter |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4451 share their module administration and a few other internal items. |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4452 There are no public members in this structure. |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4453 |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4454 Threads belonging to different interpreters initially share nothing, |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4455 except process state like available memory, open file descriptors and |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4456 such. The global interpreter lock is also shared by all threads, |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4457 regardless of to which interpreter they belong. |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4458 \end{ctypedesc} |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4459 |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4460 \begin{ctypedesc}{PyThreadState} |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4461 This data structure represents the state of a single thread. The only |
|
8120
068fea15cbcd
Convert recent additions to use new, "logical" markup.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
8109
diff
changeset
|
4462 public data member is \ctype{PyInterpreterState *}\member{interp}, |
|
068fea15cbcd
Convert recent additions to use new, "logical" markup.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
8109
diff
changeset
|
4463 which points to this thread's interpreter state. |
|
6390
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4464 \end{ctypedesc} |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4465 |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4466 \begin{cfuncdesc}{void}{PyEval_InitThreads}{} |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4467 Initialize and acquire the global interpreter lock. It should be |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4468 called in the main thread before creating a second thread or engaging |
| 7308 | 4469 in any other thread operations such as |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4470 \cfunction{PyEval_ReleaseLock()}\ttindex{PyEval_ReleaseLock()} or |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4471 \code{PyEval_ReleaseThread(\var{tstate})}\ttindex{PyEval_ReleaseThread()}. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4472 It is not needed before calling |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4473 \cfunction{PyEval_SaveThread()}\ttindex{PyEval_SaveThread()} or |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4474 \cfunction{PyEval_RestoreThread()}\ttindex{PyEval_RestoreThread()}. |
|
6390
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4475 |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4476 This is a no-op when called for a second time. It is safe to call |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4477 this function before calling |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4478 \cfunction{Py_Initialize()}\ttindex{Py_Initialize()}. |
|
6390
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4479 |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4480 When only the main thread exists, no lock operations are needed. This |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4481 is a common situation (most Python programs do not use threads), and |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4482 the lock operations slow the interpreter down a bit. Therefore, the |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4483 lock is not created initially. This situation is equivalent to having |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4484 acquired the lock: when there is only a single thread, all object |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4485 accesses are safe. Therefore, when this function initializes the |
|
7310
6095a472f574
Place C typedef for Py_complex after brief description, to be more consistent
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7309
diff
changeset
|
4486 lock, it also acquires it. Before the Python |
|
6095a472f574
Place C typedef for Py_complex after brief description, to be more consistent
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7309
diff
changeset
|
4487 \module{thread}\refbimodindex{thread} module creates a new thread, |
|
6095a472f574
Place C typedef for Py_complex after brief description, to be more consistent
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7309
diff
changeset
|
4488 knowing that either it has the lock or the lock hasn't been created |
|
6095a472f574
Place C typedef for Py_complex after brief description, to be more consistent
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7309
diff
changeset
|
4489 yet, it calls \cfunction{PyEval_InitThreads()}. When this call |
|
6095a472f574
Place C typedef for Py_complex after brief description, to be more consistent
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7309
diff
changeset
|
4490 returns, it is guaranteed that the lock has been created and that it |
|
6095a472f574
Place C typedef for Py_complex after brief description, to be more consistent
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7309
diff
changeset
|
4491 has acquired it. |
|
6390
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4492 |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4493 It is \strong{not} safe to call this function when it is unknown which |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4494 thread (if any) currently has the global interpreter lock. |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4495 |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4496 This function is not available when thread support is disabled at |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4497 compile time. |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4498 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4499 |
|
6041
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4500 \begin{cfuncdesc}{void}{PyEval_AcquireLock}{} |
|
6390
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4501 Acquire the global interpreter lock. The lock must have been created |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4502 earlier. If this thread already has the lock, a deadlock ensues. |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4503 This function is not available when thread support is disabled at |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4504 compile time. |
|
6041
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4505 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4506 |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4507 \begin{cfuncdesc}{void}{PyEval_ReleaseLock}{} |
|
6390
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4508 Release the global interpreter lock. The lock must have been created |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4509 earlier. This function is not available when thread support is |
| 7308 | 4510 disabled at compile time. |
|
6041
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4511 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4512 |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4513 \begin{cfuncdesc}{void}{PyEval_AcquireThread}{PyThreadState *tstate} |
|
6390
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4514 Acquire the global interpreter lock and then set the current thread |
|
6653
c6c1d133677a
Several changes, e.g. restructuring of the intro to be closer to what
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6480
diff
changeset
|
4515 state to \var{tstate}, which should not be \NULL{}. The lock must |
|
6390
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4516 have been created earlier. If this thread already has the lock, |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4517 deadlock ensues. This function is not available when thread support |
| 7308 | 4518 is disabled at compile time. |
|
6041
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4519 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4520 |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4521 \begin{cfuncdesc}{void}{PyEval_ReleaseThread}{PyThreadState *tstate} |
|
6653
c6c1d133677a
Several changes, e.g. restructuring of the intro to be closer to what
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6480
diff
changeset
|
4522 Reset the current thread state to \NULL{} and release the global |
|
6390
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4523 interpreter lock. The lock must have been created earlier and must be |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4524 held by the current thread. The \var{tstate} argument, which must not |
|
6653
c6c1d133677a
Several changes, e.g. restructuring of the intro to be closer to what
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6480
diff
changeset
|
4525 be \NULL{}, is only used to check that it represents the current |
| 7308 | 4526 thread state --- if it isn't, a fatal error is reported. This |
| 4527 function is not available when thread support is disabled at compile | |
| 4528 time. | |
|
6041
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4529 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4530 |
| 7782 | 4531 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyThreadState*}{PyEval_SaveThread}{} |
|
6390
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4532 Release the interpreter lock (if it has been created and thread |
|
6653
c6c1d133677a
Several changes, e.g. restructuring of the intro to be closer to what
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6480
diff
changeset
|
4533 support is enabled) and reset the thread state to \NULL{}, |
|
c6c1d133677a
Several changes, e.g. restructuring of the intro to be closer to what
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6480
diff
changeset
|
4534 returning the previous thread state (which is not \NULL{}). If |
|
6390
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4535 the lock has been created, the current thread must have acquired it. |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4536 (This function is available even when thread support is disabled at |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4537 compile time.) |
|
6041
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4538 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4539 |
|
6390
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4540 \begin{cfuncdesc}{void}{PyEval_RestoreThread}{PyThreadState *tstate} |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4541 Acquire the interpreter lock (if it has been created and thread |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4542 support is enabled) and set the thread state to \var{tstate}, which |
|
6653
c6c1d133677a
Several changes, e.g. restructuring of the intro to be closer to what
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6480
diff
changeset
|
4543 must not be \NULL{}. If the lock has been created, the current |
|
6390
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4544 thread must not have acquired it, otherwise deadlock ensues. (This |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4545 function is available even when thread support is disabled at compile |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4546 time.) |
|
6041
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4547 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4548 |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4549 The following macros are normally used without a trailing semicolon; |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4550 look for example usage in the Python source distribution. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4551 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4552 \begin{csimplemacrodesc}{Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS} |
|
6390
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4553 This macro expands to |
| 7308 | 4554 \samp{\{ PyThreadState *_save; _save = PyEval_SaveThread();}. |
|
6390
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4555 Note that it contains an opening brace; it must be matched with a |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4556 following \code{Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS} macro. See above for further |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4557 discussion of this macro. It is a no-op when thread support is |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4558 disabled at compile time. |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4559 \end{csimplemacrodesc} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4560 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4561 \begin{csimplemacrodesc}{Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS} |
|
6390
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4562 This macro expands to |
| 7308 | 4563 \samp{PyEval_RestoreThread(_save); \}}. |
|
6390
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4564 Note that it contains a closing brace; it must be matched with an |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4565 earlier \code{Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS} macro. See above for further |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4566 discussion of this macro. It is a no-op when thread support is |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4567 disabled at compile time. |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4568 \end{csimplemacrodesc} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4569 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4570 \begin{csimplemacrodesc}{Py_BEGIN_BLOCK_THREADS} |
| 7308 | 4571 This macro expands to \samp{PyEval_RestoreThread(_save);} i.e. it |
|
6390
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4572 is equivalent to \code{Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS} without the closing |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4573 brace. It is a no-op when thread support is disabled at compile |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4574 time. |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4575 \end{csimplemacrodesc} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4576 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4577 \begin{csimplemacrodesc}{Py_BEGIN_UNBLOCK_THREADS} |
| 7308 | 4578 This macro expands to \samp{_save = PyEval_SaveThread();} i.e. it is |
|
6390
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4579 equivalent to \code{Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS} without the opening brace |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4580 and variable declaration. It is a no-op when thread support is |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4581 disabled at compile time. |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4582 \end{csimplemacrodesc} |
|
6390
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4583 |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4584 All of the following functions are only available when thread support |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4585 is enabled at compile time, and must be called only when the |
|
7314
d23bb969e63a
Removed various "(New in 1.5a?!)" constructs. Other notes pertaining to
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
7310
diff
changeset
|
4586 interpreter lock has been created. |
|
6390
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4587 |
| 7782 | 4588 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyInterpreterState*}{PyInterpreterState_New}{} |
|
8881
febca6b1827d
Clarify that the Python interpreter lock need *not* be held by
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
8782
diff
changeset
|
4589 Create a new interpreter state object. The interpreter lock need not |
|
febca6b1827d
Clarify that the Python interpreter lock need *not* be held by
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
8782
diff
changeset
|
4590 be held, but may be held if it is necessary to serialize calls to this |
|
febca6b1827d
Clarify that the Python interpreter lock need *not* be held by
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
8782
diff
changeset
|
4591 function. |
|
6041
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4592 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4593 |
|
6390
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4594 \begin{cfuncdesc}{void}{PyInterpreterState_Clear}{PyInterpreterState *interp} |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4595 Reset all information in an interpreter state object. The interpreter |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4596 lock must be held. |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4597 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4598 |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4599 \begin{cfuncdesc}{void}{PyInterpreterState_Delete}{PyInterpreterState *interp} |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4600 Destroy an interpreter state object. The interpreter lock need not be |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4601 held. The interpreter state must have been reset with a previous |
| 7308 | 4602 call to \cfunction{PyInterpreterState_Clear()}. |
|
6390
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4603 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4604 |
| 7782 | 4605 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyThreadState*}{PyThreadState_New}{PyInterpreterState *interp} |
|
6390
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4606 Create a new thread state object belonging to the given interpreter |
|
8881
febca6b1827d
Clarify that the Python interpreter lock need *not* be held by
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
8782
diff
changeset
|
4607 object. The interpreter lock need not be held, but may be held if it |
|
febca6b1827d
Clarify that the Python interpreter lock need *not* be held by
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
8782
diff
changeset
|
4608 is necessary to serialize calls to this function. |
|
6390
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4609 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4610 |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4611 \begin{cfuncdesc}{void}{PyThreadState_Clear}{PyThreadState *tstate} |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4612 Reset all information in a thread state object. The interpreter lock |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4613 must be held. |
|
6041
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4614 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
a9e1ea80ea3f
Added more stuff on initialization (still rudimentary)
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6040
diff
changeset
|
4615 |
|
6390
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4616 \begin{cfuncdesc}{void}{PyThreadState_Delete}{PyThreadState *tstate} |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4617 Destroy a thread state object. The interpreter lock need not be |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4618 held. The thread state must have been reset with a previous |
| 7308 | 4619 call to \cfunction{PyThreadState_Clear()}. |
|
6390
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4620 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4621 |
| 7782 | 4622 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyThreadState*}{PyThreadState_Get}{} |
|
6390
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4623 Return the current thread state. The interpreter lock must be held. |
|
6653
c6c1d133677a
Several changes, e.g. restructuring of the intro to be closer to what
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6480
diff
changeset
|
4624 When the current thread state is \NULL{}, this issues a fatal |
|
6991
f349bf0e9322
A whole bunch of typos fixed by Andrew Kuchling.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6653
diff
changeset
|
4625 error (so that the caller needn't check for \NULL{}). |
|
6390
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4626 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4627 |
| 7782 | 4628 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyThreadState*}{PyThreadState_Swap}{PyThreadState *tstate} |
|
6390
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4629 Swap the current thread state with the thread state given by the |
|
6653
c6c1d133677a
Several changes, e.g. restructuring of the intro to be closer to what
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6480
diff
changeset
|
4630 argument \var{tstate}, which may be \NULL{}. The interpreter lock |
|
6390
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4631 must be held. |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4632 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4633 |
|
a2df3c9e5f43
Done with tread state descriptions. Sigh!
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
6382
diff
changeset
|
4634 |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4635 \chapter{Memory Management \label{memory}} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4636 \sectionauthor{Vladimir Marangozov}{Vladimir.Marangozov@inrialpes.fr} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4637 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4638 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4639 \section{Overview \label{memoryOverview}} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4640 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4641 Memory management in Python involves a private heap containing all |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4642 Python objects and data structures. The management of this private |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4643 heap is ensured internally by the \emph{Python memory manager}. The |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4644 Python memory manager has different components which deal with various |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4645 dynamic storage management aspects, like sharing, segmentation, |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4646 preallocation or caching. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4647 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4648 At the lowest level, a raw memory allocator ensures that there is |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4649 enough room in the private heap for storing all Python-related data |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4650 by interacting with the memory manager of the operating system. On top |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4651 of the raw memory allocator, several object-specific allocators |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4652 operate on the same heap and implement distinct memory management |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4653 policies adapted to the peculiarities of every object type. For |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4654 example, integer objects are managed differently within the heap than |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4655 strings, tuples or dictionaries because integers imply different |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4656 storage requirements and speed/space tradeoffs. The Python memory |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4657 manager thus delegates some of the work to the object-specific |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4658 allocators, but ensures that the latter operate within the bounds of |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4659 the private heap. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4660 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4661 It is important to understand that the management of the Python heap |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4662 is performed by the interpreter itself and that the user has no |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4663 control on it, even if she regularly manipulates object pointers to |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4664 memory blocks inside that heap. The allocation of heap space for |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4665 Python objects and other internal buffers is performed on demand by |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4666 the Python memory manager through the Python/C API functions listed in |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4667 this document. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4668 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4669 To avoid memory corruption, extension writers should never try to |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4670 operate on Python objects with the functions exported by the C |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4671 library: \cfunction{malloc()}\ttindex{malloc()}, |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4672 \cfunction{calloc()}\ttindex{calloc()}, |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4673 \cfunction{realloc()}\ttindex{realloc()} and |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4674 \cfunction{free()}\ttindex{free()}. This will result in |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4675 mixed calls between the C allocator and the Python memory manager |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4676 with fatal consequences, because they implement different algorithms |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4677 and operate on different heaps. However, one may safely allocate and |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4678 release memory blocks with the C library allocator for individual |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4679 purposes, as shown in the following example: |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4680 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4681 \begin{verbatim} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4682 PyObject *res; |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4683 char *buf = (char *) malloc(BUFSIZ); /* for I/O */ |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4684 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4685 if (buf == NULL) |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4686 return PyErr_NoMemory(); |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4687 ...Do some I/O operation involving buf... |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4688 res = PyString_FromString(buf); |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4689 free(buf); /* malloc'ed */ |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4690 return res; |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4691 \end{verbatim} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4692 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4693 In this example, the memory request for the I/O buffer is handled by |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4694 the C library allocator. The Python memory manager is involved only |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4695 in the allocation of the string object returned as a result. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4696 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4697 In most situations, however, it is recommended to allocate memory from |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4698 the Python heap specifically because the latter is under control of |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4699 the Python memory manager. For example, this is required when the |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4700 interpreter is extended with new object types written in C. Another |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4701 reason for using the Python heap is the desire to \emph{inform} the |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4702 Python memory manager about the memory needs of the extension module. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4703 Even when the requested memory is used exclusively for internal, |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4704 highly-specific purposes, delegating all memory requests to the Python |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4705 memory manager causes the interpreter to have a more accurate image of |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4706 its memory footprint as a whole. Consequently, under certain |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4707 circumstances, the Python memory manager may or may not trigger |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4708 appropriate actions, like garbage collection, memory compaction or |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4709 other preventive procedures. Note that by using the C library |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4710 allocator as shown in the previous example, the allocated memory for |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4711 the I/O buffer escapes completely the Python memory manager. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4712 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4713 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4714 \section{Memory Interface \label{memoryInterface}} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4715 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4716 The following function sets, modeled after the ANSI C standard, are |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4717 available for allocating and releasing memory from the Python heap: |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4718 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4719 |
|
13920
d057cd543ed9
ANY becomes void, to reflect the requirement for ANSI C.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
13592
diff
changeset
|
4720 \begin{cfuncdesc}{void*}{PyMem_Malloc}{size_t n} |
|
d057cd543ed9
ANY becomes void, to reflect the requirement for ANSI C.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
13592
diff
changeset
|
4721 Allocates \var{n} bytes and returns a pointer of type \ctype{void*} to |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4722 the allocated memory, or \NULL{} if the request fails. Requesting zero |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4723 bytes returns a non-\NULL{} pointer. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4724 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4725 |
|
13920
d057cd543ed9
ANY becomes void, to reflect the requirement for ANSI C.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
13592
diff
changeset
|
4726 \begin{cfuncdesc}{void*}{PyMem_Realloc}{void *p, size_t n} |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4727 Resizes the memory block pointed to by \var{p} to \var{n} bytes. The |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4728 contents will be unchanged to the minimum of the old and the new |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4729 sizes. If \var{p} is \NULL{}, the call is equivalent to |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4730 \cfunction{PyMem_Malloc(\var{n})}; if \var{n} is equal to zero, the memory block |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4731 is resized but is not freed, and the returned pointer is non-\NULL{}. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4732 Unless \var{p} is \NULL{}, it must have been returned by a previous |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4733 call to \cfunction{PyMem_Malloc()} or \cfunction{PyMem_Realloc()}. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
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diff
changeset
|
4734 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4735 |
|
13920
d057cd543ed9
ANY becomes void, to reflect the requirement for ANSI C.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
13592
diff
changeset
|
4736 \begin{cfuncdesc}{void}{PyMem_Free}{void *p} |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4737 Frees the memory block pointed to by \var{p}, which must have been |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4738 returned by a previous call to \cfunction{PyMem_Malloc()} or |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4739 \cfunction{PyMem_Realloc()}. Otherwise, or if |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4740 \cfunction{PyMem_Free(p)} has been called before, undefined behaviour |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4741 occurs. If \var{p} is \NULL{}, no operation is performed. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4742 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4743 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4744 The following type-oriented macros are provided for convenience. Note |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4745 that \var{TYPE} refers to any C type. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4746 |
|
14526
ff4ae691be9b
Vladimir Marangozov <Vladimir.Marangozov@inrialpes.fr>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14519
diff
changeset
|
4747 \begin{cfuncdesc}{\var{TYPE}*}{PyMem_New}{TYPE, size_t n} |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4748 Same as \cfunction{PyMem_Malloc()}, but allocates \code{(\var{n} * |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4749 sizeof(\var{TYPE}))} bytes of memory. Returns a pointer cast to |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4750 \ctype{\var{TYPE}*}. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4751 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4752 |
|
14526
ff4ae691be9b
Vladimir Marangozov <Vladimir.Marangozov@inrialpes.fr>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14519
diff
changeset
|
4753 \begin{cfuncdesc}{\var{TYPE}*}{PyMem_Resize}{void *p, TYPE, size_t n} |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4754 Same as \cfunction{PyMem_Realloc()}, but the memory block is resized |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4755 to \code{(\var{n} * sizeof(\var{TYPE}))} bytes. Returns a pointer |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4756 cast to \ctype{\var{TYPE}*}. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4757 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4758 |
|
14526
ff4ae691be9b
Vladimir Marangozov <Vladimir.Marangozov@inrialpes.fr>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14519
diff
changeset
|
4759 \begin{cfuncdesc}{void}{PyMem_Del}{void *p} |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4760 Same as \cfunction{PyMem_Free()}. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4761 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4762 |
|
14526
ff4ae691be9b
Vladimir Marangozov <Vladimir.Marangozov@inrialpes.fr>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14519
diff
changeset
|
4763 In addition, the following macro sets are provided for calling the |
|
ff4ae691be9b
Vladimir Marangozov <Vladimir.Marangozov@inrialpes.fr>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14519
diff
changeset
|
4764 Python memory allocator directly, without involving the C API functions |
|
ff4ae691be9b
Vladimir Marangozov <Vladimir.Marangozov@inrialpes.fr>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14519
diff
changeset
|
4765 listed above. However, note that their use does not preserve binary |
|
ff4ae691be9b
Vladimir Marangozov <Vladimir.Marangozov@inrialpes.fr>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14519
diff
changeset
|
4766 compatibility accross Python versions and is therefore deprecated in |
|
ff4ae691be9b
Vladimir Marangozov <Vladimir.Marangozov@inrialpes.fr>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14519
diff
changeset
|
4767 extension modules. |
|
ff4ae691be9b
Vladimir Marangozov <Vladimir.Marangozov@inrialpes.fr>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14519
diff
changeset
|
4768 |
|
ff4ae691be9b
Vladimir Marangozov <Vladimir.Marangozov@inrialpes.fr>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14519
diff
changeset
|
4769 \cfunction{PyMem_MALLOC()}, \cfunction{PyMem_REALLOC()}, \cfunction{PyMem_FREE()}. |
|
ff4ae691be9b
Vladimir Marangozov <Vladimir.Marangozov@inrialpes.fr>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14519
diff
changeset
|
4770 |
|
ff4ae691be9b
Vladimir Marangozov <Vladimir.Marangozov@inrialpes.fr>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14519
diff
changeset
|
4771 \cfunction{PyMem_NEW()}, \cfunction{PyMem_RESIZE()}, \cfunction{PyMem_DEL()}. |
|
ff4ae691be9b
Vladimir Marangozov <Vladimir.Marangozov@inrialpes.fr>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14519
diff
changeset
|
4772 |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4773 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4774 \section{Examples \label{memoryExamples}} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4775 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4776 Here is the example from section \ref{memoryOverview}, rewritten so |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4777 that the I/O buffer is allocated from the Python heap by using the |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4778 first function set: |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4779 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4780 \begin{verbatim} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4781 PyObject *res; |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4782 char *buf = (char *) PyMem_Malloc(BUFSIZ); /* for I/O */ |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4783 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4784 if (buf == NULL) |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4785 return PyErr_NoMemory(); |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4786 /* ...Do some I/O operation involving buf... */ |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4787 res = PyString_FromString(buf); |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4788 PyMem_Free(buf); /* allocated with PyMem_Malloc */ |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4789 return res; |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4790 \end{verbatim} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4791 |
|
14526
ff4ae691be9b
Vladimir Marangozov <Vladimir.Marangozov@inrialpes.fr>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14519
diff
changeset
|
4792 The same code using the type-oriented function set: |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4793 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4794 \begin{verbatim} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4795 PyObject *res; |
|
14526
ff4ae691be9b
Vladimir Marangozov <Vladimir.Marangozov@inrialpes.fr>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14519
diff
changeset
|
4796 char *buf = PyMem_New(char, BUFSIZ); /* for I/O */ |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4797 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4798 if (buf == NULL) |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4799 return PyErr_NoMemory(); |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4800 /* ...Do some I/O operation involving buf... */ |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4801 res = PyString_FromString(buf); |
|
14526
ff4ae691be9b
Vladimir Marangozov <Vladimir.Marangozov@inrialpes.fr>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14519
diff
changeset
|
4802 PyMem_Del(buf); /* allocated with PyMem_New */ |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4803 return res; |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4804 \end{verbatim} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4805 |
|
14526
ff4ae691be9b
Vladimir Marangozov <Vladimir.Marangozov@inrialpes.fr>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14519
diff
changeset
|
4806 Note that in the two examples above, the buffer is always |
|
ff4ae691be9b
Vladimir Marangozov <Vladimir.Marangozov@inrialpes.fr>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14519
diff
changeset
|
4807 manipulated via functions belonging to the same set. Indeed, it |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4808 is required to use the same memory API family for a given |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4809 memory block, so that the risk of mixing different allocators is |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4810 reduced to a minimum. The following code sequence contains two errors, |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4811 one of which is labeled as \emph{fatal} because it mixes two different |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4812 allocators operating on different heaps. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4813 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4814 \begin{verbatim} |
|
14526
ff4ae691be9b
Vladimir Marangozov <Vladimir.Marangozov@inrialpes.fr>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14519
diff
changeset
|
4815 char *buf1 = PyMem_New(char, BUFSIZ); |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4816 char *buf2 = (char *) malloc(BUFSIZ); |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4817 char *buf3 = (char *) PyMem_Malloc(BUFSIZ); |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4818 ... |
|
14526
ff4ae691be9b
Vladimir Marangozov <Vladimir.Marangozov@inrialpes.fr>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14519
diff
changeset
|
4819 PyMem_Del(buf3); /* Wrong -- should be PyMem_Free() */ |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4820 free(buf2); /* Right -- allocated via malloc() */ |
|
14526
ff4ae691be9b
Vladimir Marangozov <Vladimir.Marangozov@inrialpes.fr>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14519
diff
changeset
|
4821 free(buf1); /* Fatal -- should be PyMem_Del() */ |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4822 \end{verbatim} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4823 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4824 In addition to the functions aimed at handling raw memory blocks from |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4825 the Python heap, objects in Python are allocated and released with |
|
14526
ff4ae691be9b
Vladimir Marangozov <Vladimir.Marangozov@inrialpes.fr>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14519
diff
changeset
|
4826 \cfunction{PyObject_New()}, \cfunction{PyObject_NewVar()} and |
|
ff4ae691be9b
Vladimir Marangozov <Vladimir.Marangozov@inrialpes.fr>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14519
diff
changeset
|
4827 \cfunction{PyObject_Del()}, or with their corresponding macros |
|
ff4ae691be9b
Vladimir Marangozov <Vladimir.Marangozov@inrialpes.fr>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14519
diff
changeset
|
4828 \cfunction{PyObject_NEW()}, \cfunction{PyObject_NEW_VAR()} and |
|
13217
e2aee6190b19
Uncomment some additions from Vladimir pertinent to 2.0 but not 1.5.2.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
13150
diff
changeset
|
4829 \cfunction{PyObject_DEL()}. |
|
e2aee6190b19
Uncomment some additions from Vladimir pertinent to 2.0 but not 1.5.2.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
13150
diff
changeset
|
4830 |
|
e2aee6190b19
Uncomment some additions from Vladimir pertinent to 2.0 but not 1.5.2.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
13150
diff
changeset
|
4831 These will be explained in the next chapter on defining and |
|
e2aee6190b19
Uncomment some additions from Vladimir pertinent to 2.0 but not 1.5.2.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
13150
diff
changeset
|
4832 implementing new object types in C. |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4833 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4834 |
| 10163 | 4835 \chapter{Defining New Object Types \label{newTypes}} |
| 7308 | 4836 |
| 7782 | 4837 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{_PyObject_New}{PyTypeObject *type} |
| 7308 | 4838 \end{cfuncdesc} |
| 4839 | |
|
14526
ff4ae691be9b
Vladimir Marangozov <Vladimir.Marangozov@inrialpes.fr>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14519
diff
changeset
|
4840 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyVarObject*}{_PyObject_NewVar}{PyTypeObject *type, int size} |
|
ff4ae691be9b
Vladimir Marangozov <Vladimir.Marangozov@inrialpes.fr>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14519
diff
changeset
|
4841 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
ff4ae691be9b
Vladimir Marangozov <Vladimir.Marangozov@inrialpes.fr>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14519
diff
changeset
|
4842 |
|
ff4ae691be9b
Vladimir Marangozov <Vladimir.Marangozov@inrialpes.fr>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14519
diff
changeset
|
4843 \begin{cfuncdesc}{void}{_PyObject_Del}{PyObject *op} |
|
ff4ae691be9b
Vladimir Marangozov <Vladimir.Marangozov@inrialpes.fr>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14519
diff
changeset
|
4844 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
ff4ae691be9b
Vladimir Marangozov <Vladimir.Marangozov@inrialpes.fr>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14519
diff
changeset
|
4845 |
|
ff4ae691be9b
Vladimir Marangozov <Vladimir.Marangozov@inrialpes.fr>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14519
diff
changeset
|
4846 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{PyObject_Init}{PyObject *op, |
|
15953
8349b4dfc51a
Undoing the whitespace patches which sneaked into the earlier patch.
Marc-André Lemburg <mal@egenix.com>
parents:
15952
diff
changeset
|
4847 PyTypeObject *type} |
|
14526
ff4ae691be9b
Vladimir Marangozov <Vladimir.Marangozov@inrialpes.fr>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14519
diff
changeset
|
4848 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
ff4ae691be9b
Vladimir Marangozov <Vladimir.Marangozov@inrialpes.fr>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14519
diff
changeset
|
4849 |
|
ff4ae691be9b
Vladimir Marangozov <Vladimir.Marangozov@inrialpes.fr>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14519
diff
changeset
|
4850 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyVarObject*}{PyObject_InitVar}{PyVarObject *op, |
|
15953
8349b4dfc51a
Undoing the whitespace patches which sneaked into the earlier patch.
Marc-André Lemburg <mal@egenix.com>
parents:
15952
diff
changeset
|
4851 PyTypeObject *type, int size} |
|
14526
ff4ae691be9b
Vladimir Marangozov <Vladimir.Marangozov@inrialpes.fr>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14519
diff
changeset
|
4852 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
ff4ae691be9b
Vladimir Marangozov <Vladimir.Marangozov@inrialpes.fr>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14519
diff
changeset
|
4853 |
|
ff4ae691be9b
Vladimir Marangozov <Vladimir.Marangozov@inrialpes.fr>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14519
diff
changeset
|
4854 \begin{cfuncdesc}{\var{TYPE}*}{PyObject_New}{TYPE, PyTypeObject *type} |
|
ff4ae691be9b
Vladimir Marangozov <Vladimir.Marangozov@inrialpes.fr>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14519
diff
changeset
|
4855 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
ff4ae691be9b
Vladimir Marangozov <Vladimir.Marangozov@inrialpes.fr>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14519
diff
changeset
|
4856 |
|
ff4ae691be9b
Vladimir Marangozov <Vladimir.Marangozov@inrialpes.fr>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14519
diff
changeset
|
4857 \begin{cfuncdesc}{\var{TYPE}*}{PyObject_NewVar}{TYPE, PyTypeObject *type, |
|
ff4ae691be9b
Vladimir Marangozov <Vladimir.Marangozov@inrialpes.fr>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14519
diff
changeset
|
4858 int size} |
|
ff4ae691be9b
Vladimir Marangozov <Vladimir.Marangozov@inrialpes.fr>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14519
diff
changeset
|
4859 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
ff4ae691be9b
Vladimir Marangozov <Vladimir.Marangozov@inrialpes.fr>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14519
diff
changeset
|
4860 |
|
ff4ae691be9b
Vladimir Marangozov <Vladimir.Marangozov@inrialpes.fr>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14519
diff
changeset
|
4861 \begin{cfuncdesc}{void}{PyObject_Del}{PyObject *op} |
|
ff4ae691be9b
Vladimir Marangozov <Vladimir.Marangozov@inrialpes.fr>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14519
diff
changeset
|
4862 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
ff4ae691be9b
Vladimir Marangozov <Vladimir.Marangozov@inrialpes.fr>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14519
diff
changeset
|
4863 |
|
ff4ae691be9b
Vladimir Marangozov <Vladimir.Marangozov@inrialpes.fr>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14519
diff
changeset
|
4864 \begin{cfuncdesc}{\var{TYPE}*}{PyObject_NEW}{TYPE, PyTypeObject *type} |
|
ff4ae691be9b
Vladimir Marangozov <Vladimir.Marangozov@inrialpes.fr>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14519
diff
changeset
|
4865 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
ff4ae691be9b
Vladimir Marangozov <Vladimir.Marangozov@inrialpes.fr>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14519
diff
changeset
|
4866 |
|
ff4ae691be9b
Vladimir Marangozov <Vladimir.Marangozov@inrialpes.fr>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14519
diff
changeset
|
4867 \begin{cfuncdesc}{\var{TYPE}*}{PyObject_NEW_VAR}{TYPE, PyTypeObject *type, |
|
ff4ae691be9b
Vladimir Marangozov <Vladimir.Marangozov@inrialpes.fr>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14519
diff
changeset
|
4868 int size} |
|
ff4ae691be9b
Vladimir Marangozov <Vladimir.Marangozov@inrialpes.fr>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14519
diff
changeset
|
4869 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
ff4ae691be9b
Vladimir Marangozov <Vladimir.Marangozov@inrialpes.fr>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14519
diff
changeset
|
4870 |
|
ff4ae691be9b
Vladimir Marangozov <Vladimir.Marangozov@inrialpes.fr>:
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
14519
diff
changeset
|
4871 \begin{cfuncdesc}{void}{PyObject_DEL}{PyObject *op} |
| 7308 | 4872 \end{cfuncdesc} |
| 4873 | |
|
15444
7e514f1fe31f
Added documentation for the Py_InitModule*() family of functions.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
15300
diff
changeset
|
4874 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{Py_InitModule}{char *name, |
|
7e514f1fe31f
Added documentation for the Py_InitModule*() family of functions.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
15300
diff
changeset
|
4875 PyMethodDef *methods} |
|
7e514f1fe31f
Added documentation for the Py_InitModule*() family of functions.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
15300
diff
changeset
|
4876 Create a new module object based on a name and table of functions, |
|
7e514f1fe31f
Added documentation for the Py_InitModule*() family of functions.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
15300
diff
changeset
|
4877 returning the new module object. |
|
7e514f1fe31f
Added documentation for the Py_InitModule*() family of functions.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
15300
diff
changeset
|
4878 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
7e514f1fe31f
Added documentation for the Py_InitModule*() family of functions.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
15300
diff
changeset
|
4879 |
|
7e514f1fe31f
Added documentation for the Py_InitModule*() family of functions.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
15300
diff
changeset
|
4880 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{Py_InitModule3}{char *name, |
|
7e514f1fe31f
Added documentation for the Py_InitModule*() family of functions.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
15300
diff
changeset
|
4881 PyMethodDef *methods, |
|
7e514f1fe31f
Added documentation for the Py_InitModule*() family of functions.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
15300
diff
changeset
|
4882 char *doc} |
|
7e514f1fe31f
Added documentation for the Py_InitModule*() family of functions.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
15300
diff
changeset
|
4883 Create a new module object based on a name and table of functions, |
|
7e514f1fe31f
Added documentation for the Py_InitModule*() family of functions.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
15300
diff
changeset
|
4884 returning the new module object. If \var{doc} is non-\NULL, it will |
|
7e514f1fe31f
Added documentation for the Py_InitModule*() family of functions.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
15300
diff
changeset
|
4885 be used to define the docstring for the module. |
|
7e514f1fe31f
Added documentation for the Py_InitModule*() family of functions.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
15300
diff
changeset
|
4886 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
7e514f1fe31f
Added documentation for the Py_InitModule*() family of functions.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
15300
diff
changeset
|
4887 |
|
7e514f1fe31f
Added documentation for the Py_InitModule*() family of functions.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
15300
diff
changeset
|
4888 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{Py_InitModule4}{char *name, |
|
7e514f1fe31f
Added documentation for the Py_InitModule*() family of functions.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
15300
diff
changeset
|
4889 PyMethodDef *methods, |
|
7e514f1fe31f
Added documentation for the Py_InitModule*() family of functions.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
15300
diff
changeset
|
4890 char *doc, PyObject *self, |
|
7e514f1fe31f
Added documentation for the Py_InitModule*() family of functions.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
15300
diff
changeset
|
4891 int apiver} |
|
7e514f1fe31f
Added documentation for the Py_InitModule*() family of functions.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
15300
diff
changeset
|
4892 Create a new module object based on a name and table of functions, |
|
7e514f1fe31f
Added documentation for the Py_InitModule*() family of functions.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
15300
diff
changeset
|
4893 returning the new module object. If \var{doc} is non-\NULL, it will |
|
7e514f1fe31f
Added documentation for the Py_InitModule*() family of functions.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
15300
diff
changeset
|
4894 be used to define the docstring for the module. If \var{self} is |
|
7e514f1fe31f
Added documentation for the Py_InitModule*() family of functions.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
15300
diff
changeset
|
4895 non-\NULL, it will passed to the functions of the module as their |
|
7e514f1fe31f
Added documentation for the Py_InitModule*() family of functions.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
15300
diff
changeset
|
4896 (otherwise \NULL) first parameter. (This was added as an |
|
7e514f1fe31f
Added documentation for the Py_InitModule*() family of functions.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
15300
diff
changeset
|
4897 experimental feature, and there are no known uses in the current |
|
7e514f1fe31f
Added documentation for the Py_InitModule*() family of functions.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
15300
diff
changeset
|
4898 version of Python.) For \var{apiver}, the only value which should |
|
7e514f1fe31f
Added documentation for the Py_InitModule*() family of functions.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
15300
diff
changeset
|
4899 be passed is defined by the constant \constant{PYTHON_API_VERSION}. |
|
7e514f1fe31f
Added documentation for the Py_InitModule*() family of functions.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
15300
diff
changeset
|
4900 |
|
7e514f1fe31f
Added documentation for the Py_InitModule*() family of functions.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
15300
diff
changeset
|
4901 \strong{Note:} Most uses of this function should probably be using |
|
7e514f1fe31f
Added documentation for the Py_InitModule*() family of functions.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
15300
diff
changeset
|
4902 the \cfunction{Py_InitModule3()} instead; only use this if you are |
|
7e514f1fe31f
Added documentation for the Py_InitModule*() family of functions.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
15300
diff
changeset
|
4903 sure you need it. |
|
7e514f1fe31f
Added documentation for the Py_InitModule*() family of functions.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
15300
diff
changeset
|
4904 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
8057
5aacdd097941
Some patches by Drew Csillag; plus a few of my own uncommitted changes.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
8029
diff
changeset
|
4905 |
|
5aacdd097941
Some patches by Drew Csillag; plus a few of my own uncommitted changes.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
8029
diff
changeset
|
4906 PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords, PyArg_ParseTuple, PyArg_Parse |
|
5aacdd097941
Some patches by Drew Csillag; plus a few of my own uncommitted changes.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
8029
diff
changeset
|
4907 |
|
5aacdd097941
Some patches by Drew Csillag; plus a few of my own uncommitted changes.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
8029
diff
changeset
|
4908 Py_BuildValue |
|
5588
53cdf94b652b
Just another checkin for backup. Nothing substantial yet.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
5536
diff
changeset
|
4909 |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4910 DL_IMPORT |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4911 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4912 _Py_NoneStruct |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4913 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4914 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4915 \section{Common Object Structures \label{common-structs}} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4916 |
|
5588
53cdf94b652b
Just another checkin for backup. Nothing substantial yet.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
5536
diff
changeset
|
4917 PyObject, PyVarObject |
|
53cdf94b652b
Just another checkin for backup. Nothing substantial yet.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
5536
diff
changeset
|
4918 |
|
53cdf94b652b
Just another checkin for backup. Nothing substantial yet.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
5536
diff
changeset
|
4919 PyObject_HEAD, PyObject_HEAD_INIT, PyObject_VAR_HEAD |
|
53cdf94b652b
Just another checkin for backup. Nothing substantial yet.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
5536
diff
changeset
|
4920 |
|
53cdf94b652b
Just another checkin for backup. Nothing substantial yet.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
5536
diff
changeset
|
4921 Typedefs: |
|
53cdf94b652b
Just another checkin for backup. Nothing substantial yet.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
5536
diff
changeset
|
4922 unaryfunc, binaryfunc, ternaryfunc, inquiry, coercion, intargfunc, |
|
53cdf94b652b
Just another checkin for backup. Nothing substantial yet.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
5536
diff
changeset
|
4923 intintargfunc, intobjargproc, intintobjargproc, objobjargproc, |
|
53cdf94b652b
Just another checkin for backup. Nothing substantial yet.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
5536
diff
changeset
|
4924 destructor, printfunc, getattrfunc, getattrofunc, setattrfunc, |
|
53cdf94b652b
Just another checkin for backup. Nothing substantial yet.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
5536
diff
changeset
|
4925 setattrofunc, cmpfunc, reprfunc, hashfunc |
|
53cdf94b652b
Just another checkin for backup. Nothing substantial yet.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
5536
diff
changeset
|
4926 |
|
12930
6618325574cb
Documented PySequence_List() and PySequence_Tuple().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12355
diff
changeset
|
4927 \begin{ctypedesc}{PyCFunction} |
|
6618325574cb
Documented PySequence_List() and PySequence_Tuple().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12355
diff
changeset
|
4928 Type of the functions used to implement most Python callables in C. |
|
6618325574cb
Documented PySequence_List() and PySequence_Tuple().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12355
diff
changeset
|
4929 \end{ctypedesc} |
|
6618325574cb
Documented PySequence_List() and PySequence_Tuple().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12355
diff
changeset
|
4930 |
|
6618325574cb
Documented PySequence_List() and PySequence_Tuple().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12355
diff
changeset
|
4931 \begin{ctypedesc}{PyMethodDef} |
|
6618325574cb
Documented PySequence_List() and PySequence_Tuple().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12355
diff
changeset
|
4932 Structure used to describe a method of an extension type. This |
|
6618325574cb
Documented PySequence_List() and PySequence_Tuple().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12355
diff
changeset
|
4933 structure has four fields: |
|
6618325574cb
Documented PySequence_List() and PySequence_Tuple().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12355
diff
changeset
|
4934 |
|
6618325574cb
Documented PySequence_List() and PySequence_Tuple().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12355
diff
changeset
|
4935 \begin{tableiii}{l|l|l}{member}{Field}{C Type}{Meaning} |
|
6618325574cb
Documented PySequence_List() and PySequence_Tuple().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12355
diff
changeset
|
4936 \lineiii{ml_name}{char *}{name of the method} |
|
6618325574cb
Documented PySequence_List() and PySequence_Tuple().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12355
diff
changeset
|
4937 \lineiii{ml_meth}{PyCFunction}{pointer to the C implementation} |
|
6618325574cb
Documented PySequence_List() and PySequence_Tuple().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12355
diff
changeset
|
4938 \lineiii{ml_flags}{int}{flag bits indicating how the call should be |
|
6618325574cb
Documented PySequence_List() and PySequence_Tuple().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12355
diff
changeset
|
4939 constructed} |
|
6618325574cb
Documented PySequence_List() and PySequence_Tuple().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12355
diff
changeset
|
4940 \lineiii{ml_doc}{char *}{points to the contents of the docstring} |
|
6618325574cb
Documented PySequence_List() and PySequence_Tuple().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12355
diff
changeset
|
4941 \end{tableiii} |
|
6618325574cb
Documented PySequence_List() and PySequence_Tuple().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12355
diff
changeset
|
4942 \end{ctypedesc} |
|
6618325574cb
Documented PySequence_List() and PySequence_Tuple().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12355
diff
changeset
|
4943 |
|
6618325574cb
Documented PySequence_List() and PySequence_Tuple().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12355
diff
changeset
|
4944 \begin{cfuncdesc}{PyObject*}{Py_FindMethod}{PyMethodDef[] table, |
|
6618325574cb
Documented PySequence_List() and PySequence_Tuple().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12355
diff
changeset
|
4945 PyObject *ob, char *name} |
|
6618325574cb
Documented PySequence_List() and PySequence_Tuple().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12355
diff
changeset
|
4946 Return a bound method object for an extension type implemented in C. |
|
6618325574cb
Documented PySequence_List() and PySequence_Tuple().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12355
diff
changeset
|
4947 This function also handles the special attribute \member{__methods__}, |
|
6618325574cb
Documented PySequence_List() and PySequence_Tuple().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12355
diff
changeset
|
4948 returning a list of all the method names defined in \var{table}. |
|
6618325574cb
Documented PySequence_List() and PySequence_Tuple().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12355
diff
changeset
|
4949 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
6618325574cb
Documented PySequence_List() and PySequence_Tuple().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12355
diff
changeset
|
4950 |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4951 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4952 \section{Mapping Object Structures \label{mapping-structs}} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4953 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4954 \begin{ctypedesc}{PyMappingMethods} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4955 Structure used to hold pointers to the functions used to implement the |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4956 mapping protocol for an extension type. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4957 \end{ctypedesc} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4958 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4959 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4960 \section{Number Object Structures \label{number-structs}} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4961 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4962 \begin{ctypedesc}{PyNumberMethods} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4963 Structure used to hold pointers to the functions an extension type |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4964 uses to implement the number protocol. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4965 \end{ctypedesc} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4966 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4967 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4968 \section{Sequence Object Structures \label{sequence-structs}} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4969 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4970 \begin{ctypedesc}{PySequenceMethods} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4971 Structure used to hold pointers to the functions which an object uses |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4972 to implement the sequence protocol. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4973 \end{ctypedesc} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4974 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4975 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4976 \section{Buffer Object Structures \label{buffer-structs}} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4977 \sectionauthor{Greg J. Stein}{greg@lyra.org} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4978 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4979 The buffer interface exports a model where an object can expose its |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4980 internal data as a set of chunks of data, where each chunk is |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4981 specified as a pointer/length pair. These chunks are called |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4982 \dfn{segments} and are presumed to be non-contiguous in memory. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4983 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4984 If an object does not export the buffer interface, then its |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4985 \member{tp_as_buffer} member in the \ctype{PyTypeObject} structure |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4986 should be \NULL{}. Otherwise, the \member{tp_as_buffer} will point to |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4987 a \ctype{PyBufferProcs} structure. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4988 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4989 \strong{Note:} It is very important that your |
|
17118
f9a07e99907e
Integrated an expanded version of some text from Neil Schemenauer about
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
17057
diff
changeset
|
4990 \ctype{PyTypeObject} structure uses \constant{Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT} for |
|
f9a07e99907e
Integrated an expanded version of some text from Neil Schemenauer about
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
17057
diff
changeset
|
4991 the value of the \member{tp_flags} member rather than \code{0}. This |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4992 tells the Python runtime that your \ctype{PyBufferProcs} structure |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4993 contains the \member{bf_getcharbuffer} slot. Older versions of Python |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4994 did not have this member, so a new Python interpreter using an old |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4995 extension needs to be able to test for its presence before using it. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4996 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4997 \begin{ctypedesc}{PyBufferProcs} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4998 Structure used to hold the function pointers which define an |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
4999 implementation of the buffer protocol. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
5000 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
5001 The first slot is \member{bf_getreadbuffer}, of type |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
5002 \ctype{getreadbufferproc}. If this slot is \NULL{}, then the object |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
5003 does not support reading from the internal data. This is |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
5004 non-sensical, so implementors should fill this in, but callers should |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
5005 test that the slot contains a non-\NULL{} value. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
5006 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
5007 The next slot is \member{bf_getwritebuffer} having type |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
5008 \ctype{getwritebufferproc}. This slot may be \NULL{} if the object |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
5009 does not allow writing into its returned buffers. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
5010 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
5011 The third slot is \member{bf_getsegcount}, with type |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
5012 \ctype{getsegcountproc}. This slot must not be \NULL{} and is used to |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
5013 inform the caller how many segments the object contains. Simple |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
5014 objects such as \ctype{PyString_Type} and |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
5015 \ctype{PyBuffer_Type} objects contain a single segment. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
5016 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
5017 The last slot is \member{bf_getcharbuffer}, of type |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
5018 \ctype{getcharbufferproc}. This slot will only be present if the |
|
17118
f9a07e99907e
Integrated an expanded version of some text from Neil Schemenauer about
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
17057
diff
changeset
|
5019 \constant{Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GETCHARBUFFER} flag is present in the |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
5020 \member{tp_flags} field of the object's \ctype{PyTypeObject}. Before using |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
5021 this slot, the caller should test whether it is present by using the |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
5022 \cfunction{PyType_HasFeature()}\ttindex{PyType_HasFeature()} function. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
5023 If present, it may be \NULL, indicating that the object's contents |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
5024 cannot be used as \emph{8-bit characters}. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
5025 The slot function may also raise an error if the object's contents |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
5026 cannot be interpreted as 8-bit characters. For example, if the object |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
5027 is an array which is configured to hold floating point values, an |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
5028 exception may be raised if a caller attempts to use |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
5029 \member{bf_getcharbuffer} to fetch a sequence of 8-bit characters. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
5030 This notion of exporting the internal buffers as ``text'' is used to |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
5031 distinguish between objects that are binary in nature, and those which |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
5032 have character-based content. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
5033 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
5034 \strong{Note:} The current policy seems to state that these characters |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
5035 may be multi-byte characters. This implies that a buffer size of |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
5036 \var{N} does not mean there are \var{N} characters present. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
5037 \end{ctypedesc} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
5038 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
5039 \begin{datadesc}{Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_GETCHARBUFFER} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
5040 Flag bit set in the type structure to indicate that the |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
5041 \member{bf_getcharbuffer} slot is known. This being set does not |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
5042 indicate that the object supports the buffer interface or that the |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
5043 \member{bf_getcharbuffer} slot is non-\NULL. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
5044 \end{datadesc} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
5045 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
5046 \begin{ctypedesc}[getreadbufferproc]{int (*getreadbufferproc) |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
5047 (PyObject *self, int segment, void **ptrptr)} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
5048 Return a pointer to a readable segment of the buffer. This function |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
5049 is allowed to raise an exception, in which case it must return |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
5050 \code{-1}. The \var{segment} which is passed must be zero or |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
5051 positive, and strictly less than the number of segments returned by |
|
17336
2146a73ce35c
Correct the documentation for getreadbufferproc and getwritebufferproc.
Greg Stein <gstein@lyra.org>
parents:
17307
diff
changeset
|
5052 the \member{bf_getsegcount} slot function. On success, it returns the |
|
2146a73ce35c
Correct the documentation for getreadbufferproc and getwritebufferproc.
Greg Stein <gstein@lyra.org>
parents:
17307
diff
changeset
|
5053 length of the buffer memory, and sets \code{*\var{ptrptr}} to a |
|
2146a73ce35c
Correct the documentation for getreadbufferproc and getwritebufferproc.
Greg Stein <gstein@lyra.org>
parents:
17307
diff
changeset
|
5054 pointer to that memory. |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
5055 \end{ctypedesc} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
5056 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
5057 \begin{ctypedesc}[getwritebufferproc]{int (*getwritebufferproc) |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
5058 (PyObject *self, int segment, void **ptrptr)} |
|
17336
2146a73ce35c
Correct the documentation for getreadbufferproc and getwritebufferproc.
Greg Stein <gstein@lyra.org>
parents:
17307
diff
changeset
|
5059 Return a pointer to a writable memory buffer in \code{*\var{ptrptr}}, |
|
2146a73ce35c
Correct the documentation for getreadbufferproc and getwritebufferproc.
Greg Stein <gstein@lyra.org>
parents:
17307
diff
changeset
|
5060 and the length of that segment as the function return value. |
|
2146a73ce35c
Correct the documentation for getreadbufferproc and getwritebufferproc.
Greg Stein <gstein@lyra.org>
parents:
17307
diff
changeset
|
5061 The memory buffer must correspond to buffer segment \var{segment}. |
|
11176
64b15e9091a9
Started documentation on buffer objects & types. Very preliminary.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
11168
diff
changeset
|
5062 Must return \code{-1} and set an exception on error. |
|
64b15e9091a9
Started documentation on buffer objects & types. Very preliminary.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
11168
diff
changeset
|
5063 \exception{TypeError} should be raised if the object only supports |
|
64b15e9091a9
Started documentation on buffer objects & types. Very preliminary.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
11168
diff
changeset
|
5064 read-only buffers, and \exception{SystemError} should be raised when |
|
64b15e9091a9
Started documentation on buffer objects & types. Very preliminary.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
11168
diff
changeset
|
5065 \var{segment} specifies a segment that doesn't exist. |
|
64b15e9091a9
Started documentation on buffer objects & types. Very preliminary.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
11168
diff
changeset
|
5066 % Why doesn't it raise ValueError for this one? |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
5067 % GJS: because you shouldn't be calling it with an invalid |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
5068 % segment. That indicates a blatant programming error in the C |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
5069 % code. |
|
11176
64b15e9091a9
Started documentation on buffer objects & types. Very preliminary.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
11168
diff
changeset
|
5070 \end{ctypedesc} |
|
64b15e9091a9
Started documentation on buffer objects & types. Very preliminary.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
11168
diff
changeset
|
5071 |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
5072 \begin{ctypedesc}[getsegcountproc]{int (*getsegcountproc) |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
5073 (PyObject *self, int *lenp)} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
5074 Return the number of memory segments which comprise the buffer. If |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
5075 \var{lenp} is not \NULL, the implementation must report the sum of the |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
5076 sizes (in bytes) of all segments in \code{*\var{lenp}}. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
5077 The function cannot fail. |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
5078 \end{ctypedesc} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
5079 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
5080 \begin{ctypedesc}[getcharbufferproc]{int (*getcharbufferproc) |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
5081 (PyObject *self, int segment, const char **ptrptr)} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
5082 \end{ctypedesc} |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
5083 |
|
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
12200
diff
changeset
|
5084 |
|
17118
f9a07e99907e
Integrated an expanded version of some text from Neil Schemenauer about
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
17057
diff
changeset
|
5085 \section{Supporting Cyclic Garbarge Collection |
|
f9a07e99907e
Integrated an expanded version of some text from Neil Schemenauer about
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
17057
diff
changeset
|
5086 \label{supporting-cycle-detection}} |
|
f9a07e99907e
Integrated an expanded version of some text from Neil Schemenauer about
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
17057
diff
changeset
|
5087 |
|
f9a07e99907e
Integrated an expanded version of some text from Neil Schemenauer about
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
17057
diff
changeset
|
5088 Python's support for detecting and collecting garbage which involves |
|
f9a07e99907e
Integrated an expanded version of some text from Neil Schemenauer about
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
17057
diff
changeset
|
5089 circular references requires support from object types which are |
|
f9a07e99907e
Integrated an expanded version of some text from Neil Schemenauer about
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
17057
diff
changeset
|
5090 ``containers'' for other objects which may also be containers. Types |
|
f9a07e99907e
Integrated an expanded version of some text from Neil Schemenauer about
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
17057
diff
changeset
|
5091 which do not store references to other objects, or which only store |
|
f9a07e99907e
Integrated an expanded version of some text from Neil Schemenauer about
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
17057
diff
changeset
|
5092 references to atomic types (such as numbers or strings), do not need |
|
f9a07e99907e
Integrated an expanded version of some text from Neil Schemenauer about
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
17057
diff
changeset
|
5093 to provide any explicit support for garbage collection. |
|
f9a07e99907e
Integrated an expanded version of some text from Neil Schemenauer about
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
17057
diff
changeset
|
5094 |
|
f9a07e99907e
Integrated an expanded version of some text from Neil Schemenauer about
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
17057
diff
changeset
|
5095 To create a container type, the \member{tp_flags} field of the type |
|
f9a07e99907e
Integrated an expanded version of some text from Neil Schemenauer about
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
17057
diff
changeset
|
5096 object must include the \constant{Py_TPFLAGS_GC} and provide an |
|
17147
349c8788604e
Be more clear about the specific rules for supporting the cyclic GC in an
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
17118
diff
changeset
|
5097 implementation of the \member{tp_traverse} handler. The computed |
|
349c8788604e
Be more clear about the specific rules for supporting the cyclic GC in an
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
17118
diff
changeset
|
5098 value of the \member{tp_basicsize} field must include |
|
349c8788604e
Be more clear about the specific rules for supporting the cyclic GC in an
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
17118
diff
changeset
|
5099 \constant{PyGC_HEAD_SIZE} as well. If instances of the type are |
|
349c8788604e
Be more clear about the specific rules for supporting the cyclic GC in an
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
17118
diff
changeset
|
5100 mutable, a \member{tp_clear} implementation must also be provided. |
|
17118
f9a07e99907e
Integrated an expanded version of some text from Neil Schemenauer about
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
17057
diff
changeset
|
5101 |
|
f9a07e99907e
Integrated an expanded version of some text from Neil Schemenauer about
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
17057
diff
changeset
|
5102 \begin{datadesc}{Py_TPFLAGS_GC} |
|
f9a07e99907e
Integrated an expanded version of some text from Neil Schemenauer about
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
17057
diff
changeset
|
5103 Objects with a type with this flag set must conform with the rules |
|
f9a07e99907e
Integrated an expanded version of some text from Neil Schemenauer about
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
17057
diff
changeset
|
5104 documented here. For convenience these objects will be referred to |
|
f9a07e99907e
Integrated an expanded version of some text from Neil Schemenauer about
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
17057
diff
changeset
|
5105 as container objects. |
|
f9a07e99907e
Integrated an expanded version of some text from Neil Schemenauer about
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
17057
diff
changeset
|
5106 \end{datadesc} |
|
f9a07e99907e
Integrated an expanded version of some text from Neil Schemenauer about
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
17057
diff
changeset
|
5107 |
|
f9a07e99907e
Integrated an expanded version of some text from Neil Schemenauer about
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
17057
diff
changeset
|
5108 \begin{datadesc}{PyGC_HEAD_SIZE} |
|
f9a07e99907e
Integrated an expanded version of some text from Neil Schemenauer about
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
17057
diff
changeset
|
5109 Extra memory needed for the garbage collector. Container objects |
|
f9a07e99907e
Integrated an expanded version of some text from Neil Schemenauer about
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
17057
diff
changeset
|
5110 must include this in the calculation of their tp_basicsize. If the |
|
f9a07e99907e
Integrated an expanded version of some text from Neil Schemenauer about
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
17057
diff
changeset
|
5111 collector is disabled at compile time then this is \code{0}. |
|
f9a07e99907e
Integrated an expanded version of some text from Neil Schemenauer about
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
17057
diff
changeset
|
5112 \end{datadesc} |
|
f9a07e99907e
Integrated an expanded version of some text from Neil Schemenauer about
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
17057
diff
changeset
|
5113 |
|
17147
349c8788604e
Be more clear about the specific rules for supporting the cyclic GC in an
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
17118
diff
changeset
|
5114 Constructors for container types must conform to two rules: |
|
349c8788604e
Be more clear about the specific rules for supporting the cyclic GC in an
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
17118
diff
changeset
|
5115 |
|
349c8788604e
Be more clear about the specific rules for supporting the cyclic GC in an
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
17118
diff
changeset
|
5116 \begin{enumerate} |
|
349c8788604e
Be more clear about the specific rules for supporting the cyclic GC in an
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
17118
diff
changeset
|
5117 \item The memory for the object must be allocated using |
|
349c8788604e
Be more clear about the specific rules for supporting the cyclic GC in an
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
17118
diff
changeset
|
5118 \cfunction{PyObject_New()} or \cfunction{PyObject_VarNew()}. |
|
349c8788604e
Be more clear about the specific rules for supporting the cyclic GC in an
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
17118
diff
changeset
|
5119 |
|
349c8788604e
Be more clear about the specific rules for supporting the cyclic GC in an
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
17118
diff
changeset
|
5120 \item Once all the fields which may contain references to other |
|
349c8788604e
Be more clear about the specific rules for supporting the cyclic GC in an
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
17118
diff
changeset
|
5121 containers are initialized, it must call |
|
349c8788604e
Be more clear about the specific rules for supporting the cyclic GC in an
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
17118
diff
changeset
|
5122 \cfunction{PyObject_GC_Init()}. |
|
349c8788604e
Be more clear about the specific rules for supporting the cyclic GC in an
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
17118
diff
changeset
|
5123 \end{enumerate} |
|
349c8788604e
Be more clear about the specific rules for supporting the cyclic GC in an
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
17118
diff
changeset
|
5124 |
|
17118
f9a07e99907e
Integrated an expanded version of some text from Neil Schemenauer about
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
17057
diff
changeset
|
5125 \begin{cfuncdesc}{void}{PyObject_GC_Init}{PyObject *op} |
|
f9a07e99907e
Integrated an expanded version of some text from Neil Schemenauer about
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
17057
diff
changeset
|
5126 Adds the object \var{op} to the set of container objects tracked by |
|
f9a07e99907e
Integrated an expanded version of some text from Neil Schemenauer about
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
17057
diff
changeset
|
5127 the collector. The collector can run at unexpected times so objects |
|
f9a07e99907e
Integrated an expanded version of some text from Neil Schemenauer about
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
17057
diff
changeset
|
5128 must be valid while being tracked. This should be called once all |
|
f9a07e99907e
Integrated an expanded version of some text from Neil Schemenauer about
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
17057
diff
changeset
|
5129 the fields followed by the \member{tp_traverse} handler become valid, |
|
f9a07e99907e
Integrated an expanded version of some text from Neil Schemenauer about
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
17057
diff
changeset
|
5130 usually near the end of the constructor. |
|
f9a07e99907e
Integrated an expanded version of some text from Neil Schemenauer about
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
17057
diff
changeset
|
5131 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
f9a07e99907e
Integrated an expanded version of some text from Neil Schemenauer about
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
17057
diff
changeset
|
5132 |
|
17147
349c8788604e
Be more clear about the specific rules for supporting the cyclic GC in an
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
17118
diff
changeset
|
5133 Similarly, the deallocator for the object must conform to a similar |
|
349c8788604e
Be more clear about the specific rules for supporting the cyclic GC in an
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
17118
diff
changeset
|
5134 pair of rules: |
|
349c8788604e
Be more clear about the specific rules for supporting the cyclic GC in an
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
17118
diff
changeset
|
5135 |
|
349c8788604e
Be more clear about the specific rules for supporting the cyclic GC in an
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
17118
diff
changeset
|
5136 \begin{enumerate} |
|
349c8788604e
Be more clear about the specific rules for supporting the cyclic GC in an
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
17118
diff
changeset
|
5137 \item Before fields which refer to other containers are invalidated, |
|
349c8788604e
Be more clear about the specific rules for supporting the cyclic GC in an
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
17118
diff
changeset
|
5138 \cfunction{PyObject_GC_Fini()} must be called. |
|
349c8788604e
Be more clear about the specific rules for supporting the cyclic GC in an
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
17118
diff
changeset
|
5139 |
|
349c8788604e
Be more clear about the specific rules for supporting the cyclic GC in an
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
17118
diff
changeset
|
5140 \item The object's memory must be deallocated using |
|
349c8788604e
Be more clear about the specific rules for supporting the cyclic GC in an
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
17118
diff
changeset
|
5141 \cfunction{PyObject_Del()}. |
|
349c8788604e
Be more clear about the specific rules for supporting the cyclic GC in an
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
17118
diff
changeset
|
5142 \end{enumerate} |
|
349c8788604e
Be more clear about the specific rules for supporting the cyclic GC in an
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
17118
diff
changeset
|
5143 |
|
17118
f9a07e99907e
Integrated an expanded version of some text from Neil Schemenauer about
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
17057
diff
changeset
|
5144 \begin{cfuncdesc}{void}{PyObject_GC_Fini}{PyObject *op} |
|
f9a07e99907e
Integrated an expanded version of some text from Neil Schemenauer about
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
17057
diff
changeset
|
5145 Remove the object \var{op} from the set of container objects tracked |
|
f9a07e99907e
Integrated an expanded version of some text from Neil Schemenauer about
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
17057
diff
changeset
|
5146 by the collector. Note that \cfunction{PyObject_GC_Init()} can be |
|
f9a07e99907e
Integrated an expanded version of some text from Neil Schemenauer about
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
17057
diff
changeset
|
5147 called again on this object to add it back to the set of tracked |
|
f9a07e99907e
Integrated an expanded version of some text from Neil Schemenauer about
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
17057
diff
changeset
|
5148 objects. The deallocator (\member{tp_dealloc} handler) should call |
|
f9a07e99907e
Integrated an expanded version of some text from Neil Schemenauer about
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
17057
diff
changeset
|
5149 this for the object before any of the fields used by the |
|
f9a07e99907e
Integrated an expanded version of some text from Neil Schemenauer about
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
17057
diff
changeset
|
5150 \member{tp_traverse} handler become invalid. |
|
17209
52da094b53ec
Strengthen the constraints on calling PyObject_GC_Fini().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
17147
diff
changeset
|
5151 |
|
52da094b53ec
Strengthen the constraints on calling PyObject_GC_Fini().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
17147
diff
changeset
|
5152 \strong{Note:} Any container which may be referenced from another |
|
52da094b53ec
Strengthen the constraints on calling PyObject_GC_Fini().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
17147
diff
changeset
|
5153 object reachable by the collector must itself be tracked by the |
|
52da094b53ec
Strengthen the constraints on calling PyObject_GC_Fini().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
17147
diff
changeset
|
5154 collector, so it is generally not safe to call this function |
|
52da094b53ec
Strengthen the constraints on calling PyObject_GC_Fini().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
17147
diff
changeset
|
5155 anywhere but in the object's deallocator. |
|
17118
f9a07e99907e
Integrated an expanded version of some text from Neil Schemenauer about
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
17057
diff
changeset
|
5156 \end{cfuncdesc} |
|
f9a07e99907e
Integrated an expanded version of some text from Neil Schemenauer about
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
17057
diff
changeset
|
5157 |
|
f9a07e99907e
Integrated an expanded version of some text from Neil Schemenauer about
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
17057
diff
changeset
|
5158 The \member{tp_traverse} handler accepts a function parameter of this |
|
f9a07e99907e
Integrated an expanded version of some text from Neil Schemenauer about
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
17057
diff
changeset
|
5159 type: |
|
f9a07e99907e
Integrated an expanded version of some text from Neil Schemenauer about
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
17057
diff
changeset
|
5160 |
|
f9a07e99907e
Integrated an expanded version of some text from Neil Schemenauer about
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
17057
diff
changeset
|
5161 \begin{ctypedesc}[visitproc]{int (*visitproc)(PyObject *object, void *arg)} |
|
f9a07e99907e
Integrated an expanded version of some text from Neil Schemenauer about
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
17057
diff
changeset
|
5162 Type of the visitor function passed to the \member{tp_traverse} |
|
f9a07e99907e
Integrated an expanded version of some text from Neil Schemenauer about
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
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changeset
|
5163 handler. The function should be called with an object to traverse |
|
f9a07e99907e
Integrated an expanded version of some text from Neil Schemenauer about
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17057
diff
changeset
|
5164 as \var{object} and the third parameter to the \member{tp_traverse} |
|
f9a07e99907e
Integrated an expanded version of some text from Neil Schemenauer about
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diff
changeset
|
5165 handler as \var{arg}. |
|
f9a07e99907e
Integrated an expanded version of some text from Neil Schemenauer about
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diff
changeset
|
5166 \end{ctypedesc} |
|
f9a07e99907e
Integrated an expanded version of some text from Neil Schemenauer about
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diff
changeset
|
5167 |
|
f9a07e99907e
Integrated an expanded version of some text from Neil Schemenauer about
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diff
changeset
|
5168 The \member{tp_traverse} handler must have the following type: |
|
f9a07e99907e
Integrated an expanded version of some text from Neil Schemenauer about
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diff
changeset
|
5169 |
|
f9a07e99907e
Integrated an expanded version of some text from Neil Schemenauer about
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diff
changeset
|
5170 \begin{ctypedesc}[traverseproc]{int (*traverseproc)(PyObject *self, |
|
f9a07e99907e
Integrated an expanded version of some text from Neil Schemenauer about
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diff
changeset
|
5171 visitproc visit, void *arg)} |
|
f9a07e99907e
Integrated an expanded version of some text from Neil Schemenauer about
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diff
changeset
|
5172 Traversal function for a container object. Implementations must |
|
f9a07e99907e
Integrated an expanded version of some text from Neil Schemenauer about
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diff
changeset
|
5173 call the \var{visit} function for each object directly contained by |
|
f9a07e99907e
Integrated an expanded version of some text from Neil Schemenauer about
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diff
changeset
|
5174 \var{self}, with the parameters to \var{visit} being the contained |
|
f9a07e99907e
Integrated an expanded version of some text from Neil Schemenauer about
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
5175 object and the \var{arg} value passed to the handler. If |
|
f9a07e99907e
Integrated an expanded version of some text from Neil Schemenauer about
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diff
changeset
|
5176 \var{visit} returns a non-zero value then an error has occurred and |
|
f9a07e99907e
Integrated an expanded version of some text from Neil Schemenauer about
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diff
changeset
|
5177 that value should be returned immediately. |
|
f9a07e99907e
Integrated an expanded version of some text from Neil Schemenauer about
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diff
changeset
|
5178 \end{ctypedesc} |
|
f9a07e99907e
Integrated an expanded version of some text from Neil Schemenauer about
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diff
changeset
|
5179 |
|
f9a07e99907e
Integrated an expanded version of some text from Neil Schemenauer about
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diff
changeset
|
5180 The \member{tp_clear} handler must be of the \ctype{inquiry} type, or |
|
f9a07e99907e
Integrated an expanded version of some text from Neil Schemenauer about
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diff
changeset
|
5181 \NULL{} if the object is immutable. |
|
f9a07e99907e
Integrated an expanded version of some text from Neil Schemenauer about
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diff
changeset
|
5182 |
|
f9a07e99907e
Integrated an expanded version of some text from Neil Schemenauer about
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diff
changeset
|
5183 \begin{ctypedesc}[inquiry]{int (*inquiry)(PyObject *self)} |
|
f9a07e99907e
Integrated an expanded version of some text from Neil Schemenauer about
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diff
changeset
|
5184 Drop references that may have created reference cycles. Immutable |
|
f9a07e99907e
Integrated an expanded version of some text from Neil Schemenauer about
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diff
changeset
|
5185 objects do not have to define this method since they can never |
|
f9a07e99907e
Integrated an expanded version of some text from Neil Schemenauer about
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diff
changeset
|
5186 directly create reference cycles. Note that the object must still |
|
f9a07e99907e
Integrated an expanded version of some text from Neil Schemenauer about
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diff
changeset
|
5187 be valid after calling this method (i.e., don't just call |
|
f9a07e99907e
Integrated an expanded version of some text from Neil Schemenauer about
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diff
changeset
|
5188 \cfunction{Py_DECREF()} on a reference). The collector will call |
|
f9a07e99907e
Integrated an expanded version of some text from Neil Schemenauer about
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diff
changeset
|
5189 this method if it detects that this object is involved in a |
|
f9a07e99907e
Integrated an expanded version of some text from Neil Schemenauer about
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17057
diff
changeset
|
5190 reference cycle. |
|
f9a07e99907e
Integrated an expanded version of some text from Neil Schemenauer about
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diff
changeset
|
5191 \end{ctypedesc} |
|
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Integrated an expanded version of some text from Neil Schemenauer about
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diff
changeset
|
5192 |
|
f9a07e99907e
Integrated an expanded version of some text from Neil Schemenauer about
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diff
changeset
|
5193 |
|
17147
349c8788604e
Be more clear about the specific rules for supporting the cyclic GC in an
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diff
changeset
|
5194 \subsection{Example Cycle Collector Support |
|
349c8788604e
Be more clear about the specific rules for supporting the cyclic GC in an
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diff
changeset
|
5195 \label{example-cycle-support}} |
|
349c8788604e
Be more clear about the specific rules for supporting the cyclic GC in an
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diff
changeset
|
5196 |
|
349c8788604e
Be more clear about the specific rules for supporting the cyclic GC in an
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diff
changeset
|
5197 This example shows only enough of the implementation of an extension |
|
349c8788604e
Be more clear about the specific rules for supporting the cyclic GC in an
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diff
changeset
|
5198 type to show how the garbage collector support needs to be added. It |
|
349c8788604e
Be more clear about the specific rules for supporting the cyclic GC in an
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diff
changeset
|
5199 shows the definition of the object structure, the |
|
349c8788604e
Be more clear about the specific rules for supporting the cyclic GC in an
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diff
changeset
|
5200 \member{tp_traverse}, \member{tp_clear} and \member{tp_dealloc} |
|
349c8788604e
Be more clear about the specific rules for supporting the cyclic GC in an
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diff
changeset
|
5201 implementations, the type structure, and a constructor --- the module |
|
349c8788604e
Be more clear about the specific rules for supporting the cyclic GC in an
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
5202 initialization needed to export the constructor to Python is not shown |
|
349c8788604e
Be more clear about the specific rules for supporting the cyclic GC in an
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diff
changeset
|
5203 as there are no special considerations there for the collector. To |
|
349c8788604e
Be more clear about the specific rules for supporting the cyclic GC in an
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diff
changeset
|
5204 make this interesting, assume that the module exposes ways for the |
|
349c8788604e
Be more clear about the specific rules for supporting the cyclic GC in an
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
5205 \member{container} field of the object to be modified. Note that |
|
349c8788604e
Be more clear about the specific rules for supporting the cyclic GC in an
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17118
diff
changeset
|
5206 since no checks are made on the type of the object used to initialize |
|
349c8788604e
Be more clear about the specific rules for supporting the cyclic GC in an
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diff
changeset
|
5207 \member{container}, we have to assume that it may be a container. |
|
349c8788604e
Be more clear about the specific rules for supporting the cyclic GC in an
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diff
changeset
|
5208 |
|
349c8788604e
Be more clear about the specific rules for supporting the cyclic GC in an
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diff
changeset
|
5209 \begin{verbatim} |
|
349c8788604e
Be more clear about the specific rules for supporting the cyclic GC in an
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diff
changeset
|
5210 #include "Python.h" |
|
349c8788604e
Be more clear about the specific rules for supporting the cyclic GC in an
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diff
changeset
|
5211 |
|
349c8788604e
Be more clear about the specific rules for supporting the cyclic GC in an
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diff
changeset
|
5212 typedef struct { |
|
349c8788604e
Be more clear about the specific rules for supporting the cyclic GC in an
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diff
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|
5213 PyObject_HEAD |
|
349c8788604e
Be more clear about the specific rules for supporting the cyclic GC in an
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diff
changeset
|
5214 PyObject *container; |
|
349c8788604e
Be more clear about the specific rules for supporting the cyclic GC in an
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diff
changeset
|
5215 } MyObject; |
|
349c8788604e
Be more clear about the specific rules for supporting the cyclic GC in an
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diff
changeset
|
5216 |
|
349c8788604e
Be more clear about the specific rules for supporting the cyclic GC in an
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17118
diff
changeset
|
5217 static int |
|
349c8788604e
Be more clear about the specific rules for supporting the cyclic GC in an
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
5218 my_traverse(MyObject *self, visitproc visit, void *arg) |
|
349c8788604e
Be more clear about the specific rules for supporting the cyclic GC in an
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parents:
17118
diff
changeset
|
5219 { |
|
349c8788604e
Be more clear about the specific rules for supporting the cyclic GC in an
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parents:
17118
diff
changeset
|
5220 if (self->container != NULL) |
|
349c8788604e
Be more clear about the specific rules for supporting the cyclic GC in an
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diff
changeset
|
5221 return visit(self->container, arg); |
|
349c8788604e
Be more clear about the specific rules for supporting the cyclic GC in an
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parents:
17118
diff
changeset
|
5222 else |
|
349c8788604e
Be more clear about the specific rules for supporting the cyclic GC in an
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parents:
17118
diff
changeset
|
5223 return 0; |
|
349c8788604e
Be more clear about the specific rules for supporting the cyclic GC in an
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
5224 } |
|
349c8788604e
Be more clear about the specific rules for supporting the cyclic GC in an
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
17118
diff
changeset
|
5225 |
|
349c8788604e
Be more clear about the specific rules for supporting the cyclic GC in an
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parents:
17118
diff
changeset
|
5226 static int |
|
349c8788604e
Be more clear about the specific rules for supporting the cyclic GC in an
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parents:
17118
diff
changeset
|
5227 my_clear(MyObject *self) |
|
349c8788604e
Be more clear about the specific rules for supporting the cyclic GC in an
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
17118
diff
changeset
|
5228 { |
|
349c8788604e
Be more clear about the specific rules for supporting the cyclic GC in an
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parents:
17118
diff
changeset
|
5229 Py_XDECREF(self->container); |
|
349c8788604e
Be more clear about the specific rules for supporting the cyclic GC in an
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17118
diff
changeset
|
5230 self->container = NULL; |
|
349c8788604e
Be more clear about the specific rules for supporting the cyclic GC in an
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diff
changeset
|
5231 |
|
349c8788604e
Be more clear about the specific rules for supporting the cyclic GC in an
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
17118
diff
changeset
|
5232 return 0; |
|
349c8788604e
Be more clear about the specific rules for supporting the cyclic GC in an
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
17118
diff
changeset
|
5233 } |
|
349c8788604e
Be more clear about the specific rules for supporting the cyclic GC in an
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
17118
diff
changeset
|
5234 |
|
349c8788604e
Be more clear about the specific rules for supporting the cyclic GC in an
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
17118
diff
changeset
|
5235 static void |
|
349c8788604e
Be more clear about the specific rules for supporting the cyclic GC in an
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
17118
diff
changeset
|
5236 my_dealloc(MyObject *self) |
|
349c8788604e
Be more clear about the specific rules for supporting the cyclic GC in an
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
17118
diff
changeset
|
5237 { |
|
349c8788604e
Be more clear about the specific rules for supporting the cyclic GC in an
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parents:
17118
diff
changeset
|
5238 PyObject_GC_Fini((PyObject *) self); |
|
349c8788604e
Be more clear about the specific rules for supporting the cyclic GC in an
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diff
changeset
|
5239 Py_XDECREF(self->container); |
|
349c8788604e
Be more clear about the specific rules for supporting the cyclic GC in an
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
5240 PyObject_Del(self); |
|
349c8788604e
Be more clear about the specific rules for supporting the cyclic GC in an
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
17118
diff
changeset
|
5241 } |
|
349c8788604e
Be more clear about the specific rules for supporting the cyclic GC in an
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
17118
diff
changeset
|
5242 \end{verbatim} |
|
349c8788604e
Be more clear about the specific rules for supporting the cyclic GC in an
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parents:
17118
diff
changeset
|
5243 |
|
349c8788604e
Be more clear about the specific rules for supporting the cyclic GC in an
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
17118
diff
changeset
|
5244 \begin{verbatim} |
|
349c8788604e
Be more clear about the specific rules for supporting the cyclic GC in an
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diff
changeset
|
5245 statichere PyTypeObject |
|
349c8788604e
Be more clear about the specific rules for supporting the cyclic GC in an
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents:
17118
diff
changeset
|
5246 MyObject_Type = { |
|
349c8788604e
Be more clear about the specific rules for supporting the cyclic GC in an
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
5247 PyObject_HEAD_INIT(NULL) |
|
349c8788604e
Be more clear about the specific rules for supporting the cyclic GC in an
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diff
changeset
|
5248 0, |
|
349c8788604e
Be more clear about the specific rules for supporting the cyclic GC in an
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
5249 "MyObject", |
|
349c8788604e
Be more clear about the specific rules for supporting the cyclic GC in an
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diff
changeset
|
5250 sizeof(MyObject) + PyGC_HEAD_SIZE, |
|
349c8788604e
Be more clear about the specific rules for supporting the cyclic GC in an
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parents:
17118
diff
changeset
|
5251 0, |
|
349c8788604e
Be more clear about the specific rules for supporting the cyclic GC in an
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parents:
17118
diff
changeset
|
5252 (destructor)my_dealloc, /* tp_dealloc */ |
|
349c8788604e
Be more clear about the specific rules for supporting the cyclic GC in an
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diff
changeset
|
5253 0, /* tp_print */ |
|
349c8788604e
Be more clear about the specific rules for supporting the cyclic GC in an
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17118
diff
changeset
|
5254 0, /* tp_getattr */ |
|
349c8788604e
Be more clear about the specific rules for supporting the cyclic GC in an
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
5255 0, /* tp_setattr */ |
|
349c8788604e
Be more clear about the specific rules for supporting the cyclic GC in an
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diff
changeset
|
5256 0, /* tp_compare */ |
|
349c8788604e
Be more clear about the specific rules for supporting the cyclic GC in an
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diff
changeset
|
5257 0, /* tp_repr */ |
|
349c8788604e
Be more clear about the specific rules for supporting the cyclic GC in an
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diff
changeset
|
5258 0, /* tp_as_number */ |
|
349c8788604e
Be more clear about the specific rules for supporting the cyclic GC in an
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diff
changeset
|
5259 0, /* tp_as_sequence */ |
|
349c8788604e
Be more clear about the specific rules for supporting the cyclic GC in an
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diff
changeset
|
5260 0, /* tp_as_mapping */ |
|
349c8788604e
Be more clear about the specific rules for supporting the cyclic GC in an
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parents:
17118
diff
changeset
|
5261 0, /* tp_hash */ |
|
349c8788604e
Be more clear about the specific rules for supporting the cyclic GC in an
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parents:
17118
diff
changeset
|
5262 0, /* tp_call */ |
|
349c8788604e
Be more clear about the specific rules for supporting the cyclic GC in an
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diff
changeset
|
5263 0, /* tp_str */ |
|
349c8788604e
Be more clear about the specific rules for supporting the cyclic GC in an
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diff
changeset
|
5264 0, /* tp_getattro */ |
|
349c8788604e
Be more clear about the specific rules for supporting the cyclic GC in an
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parents:
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diff
changeset
|
5265 0, /* tp_setattro */ |
|
349c8788604e
Be more clear about the specific rules for supporting the cyclic GC in an
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diff
changeset
|
5266 0, /* tp_as_buffer */ |
|
349c8788604e
Be more clear about the specific rules for supporting the cyclic GC in an
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diff
changeset
|
5267 Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT | Py_TPFLAGS_GC, |
|
349c8788604e
Be more clear about the specific rules for supporting the cyclic GC in an
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diff
changeset
|
5268 0, /* tp_doc */ |
|
349c8788604e
Be more clear about the specific rules for supporting the cyclic GC in an
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17118
diff
changeset
|
5269 (traverseproc)my_traverse, /* tp_traverse */ |
|
349c8788604e
Be more clear about the specific rules for supporting the cyclic GC in an
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diff
changeset
|
5270 (inquiry)my_clear, /* tp_clear */ |
|
349c8788604e
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diff
changeset
|
5271 0, /* tp_richcompare */ |
|
349c8788604e
Be more clear about the specific rules for supporting the cyclic GC in an
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diff
changeset
|
5272 0, /* tp_weaklistoffset */ |
|
349c8788604e
Be more clear about the specific rules for supporting the cyclic GC in an
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parents:
17118
diff
changeset
|
5273 }; |
|
349c8788604e
Be more clear about the specific rules for supporting the cyclic GC in an
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parents:
17118
diff
changeset
|
5274 |
|
349c8788604e
Be more clear about the specific rules for supporting the cyclic GC in an
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diff
changeset
|
5275 /* This constructor should be made accessible from Python. */ |
|
349c8788604e
Be more clear about the specific rules for supporting the cyclic GC in an
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diff
changeset
|
5276 static PyObject * |
|
349c8788604e
Be more clear about the specific rules for supporting the cyclic GC in an
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diff
changeset
|
5277 new_object(PyObject *unused, PyObject *args) |
|
349c8788604e
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5278 { |
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5279 PyObject *container = NULL; |
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5280 MyObject *result = NULL; |
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5281 |
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5282 if (PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "|O:new_object", &container)) { |
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5283 result = PyObject_New(MyObject, &MyObject_Type); |
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5284 if (result != NULL) { |
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5285 result->container = container; |
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5286 PyObject_GC_Init(); |
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5287 } |
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5288 } |
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5289 return (PyObject *) result; |
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5290 } |
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5291 \end{verbatim} |
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5292 |
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5293 |
|
12222
3e9a1c1a9f56
Merge in changes from the 1.5.2p2 release.
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5294 % \chapter{Debugging \label{debugging}} |
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5295 % |
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5296 % XXX Explain Py_DEBUG, Py_TRACE_REFS, Py_REF_DEBUG. |
|
6991
f349bf0e9322
A whole bunch of typos fixed by Andrew Kuchling.
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5297 |
|
f349bf0e9322
A whole bunch of typos fixed by Andrew Kuchling.
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5298 |
|
14736
2b9a890162b0
Include the new text on reporting bugs in a few useful places.
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5299 \appendix |
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5300 \chapter{Reporting Bugs} |
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5301 \input{reportingbugs} |
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5302 |
|
15953
8349b4dfc51a
Undoing the whitespace patches which sneaked into the earlier patch.
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5303 \input{api.ind} % Index -- must be last |
|
5536
c6f04e965508
Made a start with api.tex, the Python-C API Reference Manual.
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5304 |
|
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5305 \end{document} |