Mercurial > cpython-lru_cache-weakref
annotate Doc/library/basehttpserver.rst @ 52903:3889d9528601 2.6
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r71058 | georg.brandl | 2009-04-02 20:09:04 +0200 (Do, 02 Apr 2009) | 3 lines
PyErr_NormalizeException may not set an error, so convert the PyErr_SetObject
call on hitting the recursion limit into just assigning it to the arguments provided.
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r71149 | georg.brandl | 2009-04-04 15:42:39 +0200 (Sa, 04 Apr 2009) | 1 line
#5642: clarify map() compatibility to the builtin.
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r71150 | georg.brandl | 2009-04-04 15:45:49 +0200 (Sa, 04 Apr 2009) | 1 line
#5601: clarify that webbrowser is not meant for file names.
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r71212 | georg.brandl | 2009-04-05 12:24:20 +0200 (So, 05 Apr 2009) | 1 line
#1742837: expand HTTP server docs, and fix SocketServer ones to document methods as methods, not functions.
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r71214 | georg.brandl | 2009-04-05 12:29:57 +0200 (So, 05 Apr 2009) | 1 line
Normalize spelling of Mac OS X.
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r71215 | georg.brandl | 2009-04-05 12:32:26 +0200 (So, 05 Apr 2009) | 1 line
Avoid sure signs of a diseased mind.
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r71216 | georg.brandl | 2009-04-05 12:41:02 +0200 (So, 05 Apr 2009) | 1 line
#1718017: document the relation of os.path and the posixpath, ntpath etc. modules better.
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r71222 | georg.brandl | 2009-04-05 13:07:14 +0200 (So, 05 Apr 2009) | 1 line
#5615: make it possible to configure --without-threads again.
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r71225 | georg.brandl | 2009-04-05 13:54:07 +0200 (So, 05 Apr 2009) | 1 line
#5580: no need to use parentheses when converterr() argument is actually a type description.
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r71234 | georg.brandl | 2009-04-05 15:16:35 +0200 (So, 05 Apr 2009) | 1 line
Whitespace normalization.
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r71237 | georg.brandl | 2009-04-05 16:24:52 +0200 (So, 05 Apr 2009) | 1 line
#1326077: fix traceback formatting of SyntaxErrors. This fixes two differences with formatting coming from Python: a) the reproduction of location details in the error message if no line text is given, b) the prefixing of the last line by one space.
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r71238 | georg.brandl | 2009-04-05 16:25:41 +0200 (So, 05 Apr 2009) | 1 line
Add NEWS entry for r71237.
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r71240 | georg.brandl | 2009-04-05 16:40:06 +0200 (So, 05 Apr 2009) | 1 line
#5370: doc update about unpickling objects with custom __getattr__ etc. methods.
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r71241 | georg.brandl | 2009-04-05 16:48:49 +0200 (So, 05 Apr 2009) | 1 line
#5471: fix expanduser() for $HOME set to "/".
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r71243 | georg.brandl | 2009-04-05 17:14:29 +0200 (So, 05 Apr 2009) | 1 line
#5432: make plistlib docstring a raw string, since it contains examples with backslash escapes.
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r71249 | georg.brandl | 2009-04-05 18:30:43 +0200 (So, 05 Apr 2009) | 1 line
#5444: adapt make.bat to new htmlhelp output file name.
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r71251 | georg.brandl | 2009-04-05 19:17:42 +0200 (So, 05 Apr 2009) | 1 line
#5298: clarify docs about GIL by using more consistent wording.
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| author | Georg Brandl <georg@python.org> |
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| date | Sun, 05 Apr 2009 21:26:31 +0000 |
| parents | 30834b9aa193 |
| children | b5674229d0f9 |
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1 :mod:`BaseHTTPServer` --- Basic HTTP server |
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2 =========================================== |
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3 |
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4 .. module:: BaseHTTPServer |
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5 :synopsis: Basic HTTP server (base class for SimpleHTTPServer and CGIHTTPServer). |
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6 |
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7 .. note:: |
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8 The :mod:`BaseHTTPServer` module has been merged into :mod:`http.server` in |
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9 Python 3.0. The :term:`2to3` tool will automatically adapt imports when |
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10 converting your sources to 3.0. |
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11 |
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12 |
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13 .. index:: |
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14 pair: WWW; server |
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15 pair: HTTP; protocol |
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16 single: URL |
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17 single: httpd |
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18 module: SimpleHTTPServer |
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19 module: CGIHTTPServer |
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20 |
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21 This module defines two classes for implementing HTTP servers (Web servers). |
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22 Usually, this module isn't used directly, but is used as a basis for building |
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23 functioning Web servers. See the :mod:`SimpleHTTPServer` and |
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24 :mod:`CGIHTTPServer` modules. |
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25 |
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26 The first class, :class:`HTTPServer`, is a :class:`SocketServer.TCPServer` |
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27 subclass, and therefore implements the :class:`SocketServer.BaseServer` |
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28 interface. It creates and listens at the HTTP socket, dispatching the requests |
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29 to a handler. Code to create and run the server looks like this:: |
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30 |
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31 def run(server_class=BaseHTTPServer.HTTPServer, |
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32 handler_class=BaseHTTPServer.BaseHTTPRequestHandler): |
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33 server_address = ('', 8000) |
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34 httpd = server_class(server_address, handler_class) |
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35 httpd.serve_forever() |
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36 |
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38 .. class:: HTTPServer(server_address, RequestHandlerClass) |
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39 |
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40 This class builds on the :class:`TCPServer` class by storing the server |
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41 address as instance variables named :attr:`server_name` and |
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42 :attr:`server_port`. The server is accessible by the handler, typically |
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43 through the handler's :attr:`server` instance variable. |
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46 .. class:: BaseHTTPRequestHandler(request, client_address, server) |
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47 |
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48 This class is used to handle the HTTP requests that arrive at the server. By |
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49 itself, it cannot respond to any actual HTTP requests; it must be subclassed |
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50 to handle each request method (e.g. GET or |
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51 POST). :class:`BaseHTTPRequestHandler` provides a number of class and |
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52 instance variables, and methods for use by subclasses. |
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53 |
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54 The handler will parse the request and the headers, then call a method |
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55 specific to the request type. The method name is constructed from the |
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56 request. For example, for the request method ``SPAM``, the :meth:`do_SPAM` |
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57 method will be called with no arguments. All of the relevant information is |
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58 stored in instance variables of the handler. Subclasses should not need to |
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59 override or extend the :meth:`__init__` method. |
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60 |
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61 :class:`BaseHTTPRequestHandler` has the following instance variables: |
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62 |
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63 |
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64 .. attribute:: client_address |
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65 |
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66 Contains a tuple of the form ``(host, port)`` referring to the client's |
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67 address. |
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68 |
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69 |
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70 .. attribute:: server |
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71 |
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72 Contains the server instance. |
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73 |
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74 |
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75 .. attribute:: command |
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76 |
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77 Contains the command (request type). For example, ``'GET'``. |
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78 |
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79 |
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80 .. attribute:: path |
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81 |
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82 Contains the request path. |
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84 |
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85 .. attribute:: request_version |
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86 |
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87 Contains the version string from the request. For example, ``'HTTP/1.0'``. |
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89 |
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90 .. attribute:: headers |
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91 |
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92 Holds an instance of the class specified by the :attr:`MessageClass` class |
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93 variable. This instance parses and manages the headers in the HTTP |
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94 request. |
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96 |
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97 .. attribute:: rfile |
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99 Contains an input stream, positioned at the start of the optional input |
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100 data. |
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102 |
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103 .. attribute:: wfile |
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104 |
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105 Contains the output stream for writing a response back to the |
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106 client. Proper adherence to the HTTP protocol must be used when writing to |
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107 this stream. |
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108 |
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109 |
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110 :class:`BaseHTTPRequestHandler` has the following class variables: |
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111 |
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112 |
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113 .. attribute:: server_version |
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114 |
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115 Specifies the server software version. You may want to override this. The |
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116 format is multiple whitespace-separated strings, where each string is of |
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117 the form name[/version]. For example, ``'BaseHTTP/0.2'``. |
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118 |
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119 |
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120 .. attribute:: sys_version |
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121 |
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122 Contains the Python system version, in a form usable by the |
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123 :attr:`version_string` method and the :attr:`server_version` class |
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124 variable. For example, ``'Python/1.4'``. |
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125 |
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126 |
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127 .. attribute:: error_message_format |
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128 |
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129 Specifies a format string for building an error response to the client. It |
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130 uses parenthesized, keyed format specifiers, so the format operand must be |
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131 a dictionary. The *code* key should be an integer, specifying the numeric |
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132 HTTP error code value. *message* should be a string containing a |
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133 (detailed) error message of what occurred, and *explain* should be an |
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134 explanation of the error code number. Default *message* and *explain* |
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135 values can found in the *responses* class variable. |
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136 |
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137 |
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138 .. attribute:: error_content_type |
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139 |
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140 Specifies the Content-Type HTTP header of error responses sent to the |
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141 client. The default value is ``'text/html'``. |
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142 |
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143 .. versionadded:: 2.6 |
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144 Previously, the content type was always ``'text/html'``. |
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145 |
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146 |
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147 .. attribute:: protocol_version |
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148 |
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149 This specifies the HTTP protocol version used in responses. If set to |
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150 ``'HTTP/1.1'``, the server will permit HTTP persistent connections; |
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151 however, your server *must* then include an accurate ``Content-Length`` |
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152 header (using :meth:`send_header`) in all of its responses to clients. |
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153 For backwards compatibility, the setting defaults to ``'HTTP/1.0'``. |
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154 |
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155 |
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156 .. attribute:: MessageClass |
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157 |
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158 .. index:: single: Message (in module mimetools) |
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159 |
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160 Specifies a :class:`rfc822.Message`\ -like class to parse HTTP headers. |
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161 Typically, this is not overridden, and it defaults to |
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162 :class:`mimetools.Message`. |
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163 |
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164 |
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165 .. attribute:: responses |
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166 |
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167 This variable contains a mapping of error code integers to two-element tuples |
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168 containing a short and long message. For example, ``{code: (shortmessage, |
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169 longmessage)}``. The *shortmessage* is usually used as the *message* key in an |
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170 error response, and *longmessage* as the *explain* key (see the |
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171 :attr:`error_message_format` class variable). |
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172 |
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173 |
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174 A :class:`BaseHTTPRequestHandler` instance has the following methods: |
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175 |
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176 |
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177 .. method:: handle() |
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178 |
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179 Calls :meth:`handle_one_request` once (or, if persistent connections are |
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180 enabled, multiple times) to handle incoming HTTP requests. You should |
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181 never need to override it; instead, implement appropriate :meth:`do_\*` |
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182 methods. |
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183 |
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184 |
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185 .. method:: handle_one_request() |
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186 |
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187 This method will parse and dispatch the request to the appropriate |
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188 :meth:`do_\*` method. You should never need to override it. |
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189 |
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190 |
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191 .. method:: send_error(code[, message]) |
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192 |
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193 Sends and logs a complete error reply to the client. The numeric *code* |
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194 specifies the HTTP error code, with *message* as optional, more specific text. A |
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195 complete set of headers is sent, followed by text composed using the |
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196 :attr:`error_message_format` class variable. |
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197 |
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198 |
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199 .. method:: send_response(code[, message]) |
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200 |
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201 Sends a response header and logs the accepted request. The HTTP response |
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202 line is sent, followed by *Server* and *Date* headers. The values for |
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203 these two headers are picked up from the :meth:`version_string` and |
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204 :meth:`date_time_string` methods, respectively. |
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205 |
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206 |
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207 .. method:: send_header(keyword, value) |
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208 |
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209 Writes a specific HTTP header to the output stream. *keyword* should |
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210 specify the header keyword, with *value* specifying its value. |
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211 |
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212 |
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213 .. method:: end_headers() |
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214 |
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215 Sends a blank line, indicating the end of the HTTP headers in the |
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216 response. |
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217 |
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219 .. method:: log_request([code[, size]]) |
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221 Logs an accepted (successful) request. *code* should specify the numeric |
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222 HTTP code associated with the response. If a size of the response is |
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223 available, then it should be passed as the *size* parameter. |
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224 |
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225 |
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226 .. method:: log_error(...) |
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227 |
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228 Logs an error when a request cannot be fulfilled. By default, it passes |
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229 the message to :meth:`log_message`, so it takes the same arguments |
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230 (*format* and additional values). |
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231 |
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232 |
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233 .. method:: log_message(format, ...) |
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234 |
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235 Logs an arbitrary message to ``sys.stderr``. This is typically overridden |
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236 to create custom error logging mechanisms. The *format* argument is a |
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237 standard printf-style format string, where the additional arguments to |
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238 :meth:`log_message` are applied as inputs to the formatting. The client |
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239 address and current date and time are prefixed to every message logged. |
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240 |
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241 |
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242 .. method:: version_string() |
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243 |
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244 Returns the server software's version string. This is a combination of the |
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245 :attr:`server_version` and :attr:`sys_version` class variables. |
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246 |
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247 |
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248 .. method:: date_time_string([timestamp]) |
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249 |
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250 Returns the date and time given by *timestamp* (which must be in the |
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251 format returned by :func:`time.time`), formatted for a message header. If |
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252 *timestamp* is omitted, it uses the current date and time. |
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253 |
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254 The result looks like ``'Sun, 06 Nov 1994 08:49:37 GMT'``. |
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255 |
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256 .. versionadded:: 2.5 |
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257 The *timestamp* parameter. |
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258 |
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259 |
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260 .. method:: log_date_time_string() |
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261 |
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262 Returns the current date and time, formatted for logging. |
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263 |
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264 |
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265 .. method:: address_string() |
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266 |
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267 Returns the client address, formatted for logging. A name lookup is |
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268 performed on the client's IP address. |
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269 |
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270 |
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271 More examples |
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272 ------------- |
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273 |
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274 To create a server that doesn't run forever, but until some condition is |
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275 fulfilled:: |
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276 |
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277 def run_while_true(server_class=BaseHTTPServer.HTTPServer, |
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278 handler_class=BaseHTTPServer.BaseHTTPRequestHandler): |
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279 """ |
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280 This assumes that keep_running() is a function of no arguments which |
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281 is tested initially and after each request. If its return value |
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282 is true, the server continues. |
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283 """ |
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284 server_address = ('', 8000) |
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285 httpd = server_class(server_address, handler_class) |
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286 while keep_running(): |
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287 httpd.handle_request() |
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288 |
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289 |
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290 .. seealso:: |
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291 |
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292 Module :mod:`CGIHTTPServer` |
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293 Extended request handler that supports CGI scripts. |
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294 |
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295 Module :mod:`SimpleHTTPServer` |
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296 Basic request handler that limits response to files actually under the |
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297 document root. |
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298 |
