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annotate Doc/lib/libsocket.tex @ 37372:42312e5f11fd 2.4

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Bug #1460564: document that socket.fromfd() duplicates the given file descriptor. (backport from rev. 43523)
author Georg Brandl <georg@python.org>
date Sat, 01 Apr 2006 07:33:22 +0000
parents 76d511972616
children 3473fcf0bcee
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rev   line source
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1 \section{\module{socket} ---
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2 Low-level networking interface}
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3
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4 \declaremodule{builtin}{socket}
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5 \modulesynopsis{Low-level networking interface.}
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6
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7
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5bb884527446 Consistency: "{\bf ...}" ==> "\strong{...}"
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8 This module provides access to the BSD \emph{socket} interface.
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9 It is available on all modern \UNIX{} systems, Windows, MacOS, BeOS,
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10 OS/2, and probably additional platforms. \note{Some behavior may be
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11 platform dependent, since calls are made to the operating system socket APIs.}
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12
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13 For an introduction to socket programming (in C), see the following
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14 papers: \citetitle{An Introductory 4.3BSD Interprocess Communication
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15 Tutorial}, by Stuart Sechrest and \citetitle{An Advanced 4.3BSD
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16 Interprocess Communication Tutorial}, by Samuel J. Leffler et al,
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17 both in the \citetitle{\UNIX{} Programmer's Manual, Supplementary Documents 1}
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18 (sections PS1:7 and PS1:8). The platform-specific reference material
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19 for the various socket-related system calls are also a valuable source
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20 of information on the details of socket semantics. For \UNIX, refer
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21 to the manual pages; for Windows, see the WinSock (or Winsock 2)
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22 specification.
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23 For IPv6-ready APIs, readers may want to refer to \rfc{2553} titled
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24 \citetitle{Basic Socket Interface Extensions for IPv6}.
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25
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26 The Python interface is a straightforward transliteration of the
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27 \UNIX{} system call and library interface for sockets to Python's
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28 object-oriented style: the \function{socket()} function returns a
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29 \dfn{socket object}\obindex{socket} whose methods implement the
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30 various socket system calls. Parameter types are somewhat
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31 higher-level than in the C interface: as with \method{read()} and
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32 \method{write()} operations on Python files, buffer allocation on
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33 receive operations is automatic, and buffer length is implicit on send
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34 operations.
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35
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36 Socket addresses are represented as follows:
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37 A single string is used for the \constant{AF_UNIX} address family.
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38 A pair \code{(\var{host}, \var{port})} is used for the
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39 \constant{AF_INET} address family, where \var{host} is a string
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40 representing either a hostname in Internet domain notation like
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41 \code{'daring.cwi.nl'} or an IPv4 address like \code{'100.50.200.5'},
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42 and \var{port} is an integral port number.
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43 For \constant{AF_INET6} address family, a four-tuple
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44 \code{(\var{host}, \var{port}, \var{flowinfo}, \var{scopeid})} is
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45 used, where \var{flowinfo} and \var{scopeid} represents
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46 \code{sin6_flowinfo} and \code{sin6_scope_id} member in
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47 \constant{struct sockaddr_in6} in C.
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48 For \module{socket} module methods, \var{flowinfo} and \var{scopeid}
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49 can be omitted just for backward compatibility. Note, however,
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50 omission of \var{scopeid} can cause problems in manipulating scoped
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51 IPv6 addresses. Other address families are currently not supported.
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52 The address format required by a particular socket object is
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53 automatically selected based on the address family specified when the
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54 socket object was created.
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55
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56 For IPv4 addresses, two special forms are accepted instead of a host
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57 address: the empty string represents \constant{INADDR_ANY}, and the string
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58 \code{'<broadcast>'} represents \constant{INADDR_BROADCAST}.
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59 The behavior is not available for IPv6 for backward compatibility,
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60 therefore, you may want to avoid these if you intend to support IPv6 with
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61 your Python programs.
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62
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63 If you use a hostname in the \var{host} portion of IPv4/v6 socket
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64 address, the program may show a nondeterministic behavior, as Python
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65 uses the first address returned from the DNS resolution. The socket
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66 address will be resolved differently into an actual IPv4/v6 address,
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67 depending on the results from DNS resolution and/or the host
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68 configuration. For deterministic behavior use a numeric address in
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69 \var{host} portion.
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70
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71 All errors raise exceptions. The normal exceptions for invalid
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72 argument types and out-of-memory conditions can be raised; errors
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73 related to socket or address semantics raise the error
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74 \exception{socket.error}.
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75
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76 Non-blocking mode is supported through
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77 \method{setblocking()}. A generalization of this based on timeouts
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78 is supported through \method{settimeout()}.
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79
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80 The module \module{socket} exports the following constants and functions:
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81
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82
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83 \begin{excdesc}{error}
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84 This exception is raised for socket-related errors.
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85 The accompanying value is either a string telling what went wrong or a
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86 pair \code{(\var{errno}, \var{string})}
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87 representing an error returned by a system
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88 call, similar to the value accompanying \exception{os.error}.
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89 See the module \refmodule{errno}\refbimodindex{errno}, which contains
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90 names for the error codes defined by the underlying operating system.
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91 \end{excdesc}
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92
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93 \begin{excdesc}{herror}
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94 This exception is raised for address-related errors, i.e. for
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95 functions that use \var{h_errno} in the C API, including
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96 \function{gethostbyname_ex()} and \function{gethostbyaddr()}.
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97
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98 The accompanying value is a pair \code{(\var{h_errno}, \var{string})}
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99 representing an error returned by a library call. \var{string}
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100 represents the description of \var{h_errno}, as returned by
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101 the \cfunction{hstrerror()} C function.
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102 \end{excdesc}
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103
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104 \begin{excdesc}{gaierror}
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105 This exception is raised for address-related errors, for
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106 \function{getaddrinfo()} and \function{getnameinfo()}.
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107 The accompanying value is a pair \code{(\var{error}, \var{string})}
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108 representing an error returned by a library call.
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109 \var{string} represents the description of \var{error}, as returned
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110 by the \cfunction{gai_strerror()} C function.
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111 The \var{error} value will match one of the \constant{EAI_*} constants
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112 defined in this module.
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113 \end{excdesc}
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114
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115 \begin{excdesc}{timeout}
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116 This exception is raised when a timeout occurs on a socket which has
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117 had timeouts enabled via a prior call to \method{settimeout()}. The
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118 accompanying value is a string whose value is currently always ``timed
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119 out''.
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120 \versionadded{2.3}
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121 \end{excdesc}
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122
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123 \begin{datadesc}{AF_UNIX}
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124 \dataline{AF_INET}
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125 \dataline{AF_INET6}
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126 These constants represent the address (and protocol) families,
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127 used for the first argument to \function{socket()}. If the
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128 \constant{AF_UNIX} constant is not defined then this protocol is
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129 unsupported.
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130 \end{datadesc}
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131
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132 \begin{datadesc}{SOCK_STREAM}
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133 \dataline{SOCK_DGRAM}
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134 \dataline{SOCK_RAW}
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135 \dataline{SOCK_RDM}
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136 \dataline{SOCK_SEQPACKET}
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137 These constants represent the socket types,
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138 used for the second argument to \function{socket()}.
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139 (Only \constant{SOCK_STREAM} and
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140 \constant{SOCK_DGRAM} appear to be generally useful.)
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141 \end{datadesc}
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142
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143 \begin{datadesc}{SO_*}
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144 \dataline{SOMAXCONN}
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145 \dataline{MSG_*}
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146 \dataline{SOL_*}
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147 \dataline{IPPROTO_*}
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148 \dataline{IPPORT_*}
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149 \dataline{INADDR_*}
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150 \dataline{IP_*}
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151 \dataline{IPV6_*}
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152 \dataline{EAI_*}
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153 \dataline{AI_*}
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154 \dataline{NI_*}
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155 \dataline{TCP_*}
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156 Many constants of these forms, documented in the \UNIX{} documentation on
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157 sockets and/or the IP protocol, are also defined in the socket module.
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158 They are generally used in arguments to the \method{setsockopt()} and
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159 \method{getsockopt()} methods of socket objects. In most cases, only
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160 those symbols that are defined in the \UNIX{} header files are defined;
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161 for a few symbols, default values are provided.
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162 \end{datadesc}
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163
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164 \begin{datadesc}{has_ipv6}
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165 This constant contains a boolean value which indicates if IPv6 is
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166 supported on this platform.
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167 \versionadded{2.3}
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168 \end{datadesc}
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169
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170 \begin{funcdesc}{getaddrinfo}{host, port\optional{, family\optional{,
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171 socktype\optional{, proto\optional{,
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172 flags}}}}}
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173 Resolves the \var{host}/\var{port} argument, into a sequence of
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174 5-tuples that contain all the necessary argument for the sockets
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175 manipulation. \var{host} is a domain name, a string representation of
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176 IPv4/v6 address or \code{None}.
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177 \var{port} is a string service name (like \code{'http'}), a numeric
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178 port number or \code{None}.
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179
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180 The rest of the arguments are optional and must be numeric if
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181 specified. For \var{host} and \var{port}, by passing either an empty
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182 string or \code{None}, you can pass \code{NULL} to the C API. The
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183 \function{getaddrinfo()} function returns a list of 5-tuples with
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Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
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184 the following structure:
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185
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186 \code{(\var{family}, \var{socktype}, \var{proto}, \var{canonname},
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187 \var{sockaddr})}
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188
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189 \var{family}, \var{socktype}, \var{proto} are all integer and are meant to
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parents: 15800
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190 be passed to the \function{socket()} function.
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191 \var{canonname} is a string representing the canonical name of the \var{host}.
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192 It can be a numeric IPv4/v6 address when \constant{AI_CANONNAME} is specified
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Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
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193 for a numeric \var{host}.
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Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
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194 \var{sockaddr} is a tuple describing a socket address, as described above.
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195 See the source for the \refmodule{httplib} and other library modules
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196 for a typical usage of the function.
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197 \versionadded{2.2}
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Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
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198 \end{funcdesc}
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199
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200 \begin{funcdesc}{getfqdn}{\optional{name}}
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201 Return a fully qualified domain name for \var{name}.
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202 If \var{name} is omitted or empty, it is interpreted as the local
49c7a4dd9f61 Document socket.getfqdn().
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203 host. To find the fully qualified name, the hostname returned by
49c7a4dd9f61 Document socket.getfqdn().
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204 \function{gethostbyaddr()} is checked, then aliases for the host, if
49c7a4dd9f61 Document socket.getfqdn().
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205 available. The first name which includes a period is selected. In
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206 case no fully qualified domain name is available, the hostname as
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207 returned by \function{gethostname()} is returned.
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208 \versionadded{2.0}
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209 \end{funcdesc}
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210
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211 \begin{funcdesc}{gethostbyname}{hostname}
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212 Translate a host name to IPv4 address format. The IPv4 address is
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parents: 21213
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213 returned as a string, such as \code{'100.50.200.5'}. If the host name
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214 is an IPv4 address itself it is returned unchanged. See
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215 \function{gethostbyname_ex()} for a more complete interface.
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216 \function{gethostbyname()} does not support IPv6 name resolution, and
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217 \function{getaddrinfo()} should be used instead for IPv4/v6 dual stack support.
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218 \end{funcdesc}
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219
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220 \begin{funcdesc}{gethostbyname_ex}{hostname}
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221 Translate a host name to IPv4 address format, extended interface.
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222 Return a triple \code{(\var{hostname}, \var{aliaslist},
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223 \var{ipaddrlist})} where
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224 \var{hostname} is the primary host name responding to the given
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225 \var{ip_address}, \var{aliaslist} is a (possibly empty) list of
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226 alternative host names for the same address, and \var{ipaddrlist} is
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227 a list of IPv4 addresses for the same interface on the same
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parents: 8716
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228 host (often but not always a single address).
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229 \function{gethostbyname_ex()} does not support IPv6 name resolution, and
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parents: 15800
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230 \function{getaddrinfo()} should be used instead for IPv4/v6 dual stack support.
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231 \end{funcdesc}
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232
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233 \begin{funcdesc}{gethostname}{}
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234 Return a string containing the hostname of the machine where
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235 the Python interpreter is currently executing.
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parents: 15800
diff changeset
236 If you want to know the current machine's IP address, you may want to use
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237 \code{gethostbyname(gethostname())}.
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238 This operation assumes that there is a valid address-to-host mapping for
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239 the host, and the assumption does not always hold.
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240 Note: \function{gethostname()} doesn't always return the fully qualified
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diff changeset
241 domain name; use \code{gethostbyaddr(gethostname())}
4929
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diff changeset
242 (see below).
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Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
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diff changeset
243 \end{funcdesc}
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Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
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244
280f31e6c653 copyright.tex: Add 1995 to copyright message.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 1871
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245 \begin{funcdesc}{gethostbyaddr}{ip_address}
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246 Return a triple \code{(\var{hostname}, \var{aliaslist},
d22cf666fa2c Logical markup.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
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247 \var{ipaddrlist})} where \var{hostname} is the primary host name
d22cf666fa2c Logical markup.
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248 responding to the given \var{ip_address}, \var{aliaslist} is a
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parents: 7277
diff changeset
249 (possibly empty) list of alternative host names for the same address,
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parents: 15800
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250 and \var{ipaddrlist} is a list of IPv4/v6 addresses for the same interface
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parents: 7277
diff changeset
251 on the same host (most likely containing only a single address).
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Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 14002
diff changeset
252 To find the fully qualified domain name, use the function
49c7a4dd9f61 Document socket.getfqdn().
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parents: 14002
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253 \function{getfqdn()}.
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254 \function{gethostbyaddr} supports both IPv4 and IPv6.
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
255 \end{funcdesc}
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Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
256
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
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diff changeset
257 \begin{funcdesc}{getnameinfo}{sockaddr, flags}
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258 Translate a socket address \var{sockaddr} into a 2-tuple
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diff changeset
259 \code{(\var{host}, \var{port})}.
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diff changeset
260 Depending on the settings of \var{flags}, the result can contain a
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Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
261 fully-qualified domain name or numeric address representation in
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Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
262 \var{host}. Similarly, \var{port} can contain a string port name or a
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
263 numeric port number.
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
264 \versionadded{2.2}
1759
4d421f9e8373 * Doc/libsocket.tex (subsection{Socket Object Methods}):
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 1750
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265 \end{funcdesc}
4d421f9e8373 * Doc/libsocket.tex (subsection{Socket Object Methods}):
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 1750
diff changeset
266
4784
e43362910a5e Documented getprotobyname() interface.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 4576
diff changeset
267 \begin{funcdesc}{getprotobyname}{protocolname}
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Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 21213
diff changeset
268 Translate an Internet protocol name (for example, \code{'icmp'}) to a constant
4784
e43362910a5e Documented getprotobyname() interface.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 4576
diff changeset
269 suitable for passing as the (optional) third argument to the
7632
d22cf666fa2c Logical markup.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 7277
diff changeset
270 \function{socket()} function. This is usually only needed for sockets
d22cf666fa2c Logical markup.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 7277
diff changeset
271 opened in ``raw'' mode (\constant{SOCK_RAW}); for the normal socket
d22cf666fa2c Logical markup.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 7277
diff changeset
272 modes, the correct protocol is chosen automatically if the protocol is
4784
e43362910a5e Documented getprotobyname() interface.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 4576
diff changeset
273 omitted or zero.
e43362910a5e Documented getprotobyname() interface.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 4576
diff changeset
274 \end{funcdesc}
e43362910a5e Documented getprotobyname() interface.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 4576
diff changeset
275
32429
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Barry Warsaw <barry@python.org>
parents: 32231
diff changeset
276 \begin{funcdesc}{getservbyname}{servicename\optional{, protocolname}}
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2ec96140a36b Restructured library documentation
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
277 Translate an Internet service name and protocol name to a port number
32429
d8abf582f893 Added socket.getservbyport(), and make its second argument and that of
Barry Warsaw <barry@python.org>
parents: 32231
diff changeset
278 for that service. The optional protocol name, if given, should be
d8abf582f893 Added socket.getservbyport(), and make its second argument and that of
Barry Warsaw <barry@python.org>
parents: 32231
diff changeset
279 \code{'tcp'} or \code{'udp'}, otherwise any protocol will match.
d8abf582f893 Added socket.getservbyport(), and make its second argument and that of
Barry Warsaw <barry@python.org>
parents: 32231
diff changeset
280 \end{funcdesc}
d8abf582f893 Added socket.getservbyport(), and make its second argument and that of
Barry Warsaw <barry@python.org>
parents: 32231
diff changeset
281
d8abf582f893 Added socket.getservbyport(), and make its second argument and that of
Barry Warsaw <barry@python.org>
parents: 32231
diff changeset
282 \begin{funcdesc}{getservbyport}{port\optional{, protocolname}}
d8abf582f893 Added socket.getservbyport(), and make its second argument and that of
Barry Warsaw <barry@python.org>
parents: 32231
diff changeset
283 Translate an Internet port number and protocol name to a service name
d8abf582f893 Added socket.getservbyport(), and make its second argument and that of
Barry Warsaw <barry@python.org>
parents: 32231
diff changeset
284 for that service. The optional protocol name, if given, should be
d8abf582f893 Added socket.getservbyport(), and make its second argument and that of
Barry Warsaw <barry@python.org>
parents: 32231
diff changeset
285 \code{'tcp'} or \code{'udp'}, otherwise any protocol will match.
1471
2ec96140a36b Restructured library documentation
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
286 \end{funcdesc}
2ec96140a36b Restructured library documentation
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
287
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parents: 31181
diff changeset
288 \begin{funcdesc}{socket}{\optional{family\optional{,
8f8bba0a75b4 update signature of the socket constructor
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 31181
diff changeset
289 type\optional{, proto}}}}
1471
2ec96140a36b Restructured library documentation
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
290 Create a new socket using the given address family, socket type and
31432
8f8bba0a75b4 update signature of the socket constructor
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 31181
diff changeset
291 protocol number. The address family should be \constant{AF_INET} (the
8f8bba0a75b4 update signature of the socket constructor
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 31181
diff changeset
292 default), \constant{AF_INET6} or \constant{AF_UNIX}. The socket type
8f8bba0a75b4 update signature of the socket constructor
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 31181
diff changeset
293 should be \constant{SOCK_STREAM} (the default), \constant{SOCK_DGRAM}
8f8bba0a75b4 update signature of the socket constructor
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 31181
diff changeset
294 or perhaps one of the other \samp{SOCK_} constants. The protocol
8f8bba0a75b4 update signature of the socket constructor
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 31181
diff changeset
295 number is usually zero and may be omitted in that case.
1471
2ec96140a36b Restructured library documentation
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
296 \end{funcdesc}
2ec96140a36b Restructured library documentation
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
297
20375
3ab3b535daf2 Document that keyfile and certfile are now optional.
Jeremy Hylton <jeremy@alum.mit.edu>
parents: 20127
diff changeset
298 \begin{funcdesc}{ssl}{sock\optional{, keyfile, certfile}}
20082
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Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 18995
diff changeset
299 Initiate a SSL connection over the socket \var{sock}. \var{keyfile} is
18df32f6cea1 Added documentation for the SSL interface, contributed by Gerhard Häring.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 18995
diff changeset
300 the name of a PEM formatted file that contains your private
18df32f6cea1 Added documentation for the SSL interface, contributed by Gerhard Häring.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 18995
diff changeset
301 key. \var{certfile} is a PEM formatted certificate chain file. On
18df32f6cea1 Added documentation for the SSL interface, contributed by Gerhard Häring.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 18995
diff changeset
302 success, a new \class{SSLObject} is returned.
18df32f6cea1 Added documentation for the SSL interface, contributed by Gerhard Häring.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 18995
diff changeset
303
20580
376ee174ecd0 Use the \note and \warning macros where appropriate.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 20574
diff changeset
304 \warning{This does not do any certificate verification!}
20082
18df32f6cea1 Added documentation for the SSL interface, contributed by Gerhard Häring.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 18995
diff changeset
305 \end{funcdesc}
18df32f6cea1 Added documentation for the SSL interface, contributed by Gerhard Häring.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 18995
diff changeset
306
33063
90da70986407 Patch #1003700: Add socketpair function to socket module.
Dave Cole <djc@object-craft.com.au>
parents: 32429
diff changeset
307 \begin{funcdesc}{socketpair}{\optional{family\optional{, type\optional{, proto}}}}
90da70986407 Patch #1003700: Add socketpair function to socket module.
Dave Cole <djc@object-craft.com.au>
parents: 32429
diff changeset
308 Build a pair of connected socket objects using the given address
33280
826ad896a7a5 Patch #1015012. Improve markup and punctuation in libsocket.tex
Dave Cole <djc@object-craft.com.au>
parents: 33239
diff changeset
309 family, socket type, and protocol number. Address family, socket type,
33063
90da70986407 Patch #1003700: Add socketpair function to socket module.
Dave Cole <djc@object-craft.com.au>
parents: 32429
diff changeset
310 and protocol number are as for the \function{socket()} function above.
33280
826ad896a7a5 Patch #1015012. Improve markup and punctuation in libsocket.tex
Dave Cole <djc@object-craft.com.au>
parents: 33239
diff changeset
311 The default family is \constant{AF_UNIX} if defined on the platform;
826ad896a7a5 Patch #1015012. Improve markup and punctuation in libsocket.tex
Dave Cole <djc@object-craft.com.au>
parents: 33239
diff changeset
312 otherwise, the default is \constant{AF_INET}.
33239
fb9869044bba Updated the socketpair() docstring and documentation to explain that the
Dave Cole <djc@object-craft.com.au>
parents: 33064
diff changeset
313 Availability: \UNIX. \versionadded{2.4}
33063
90da70986407 Patch #1003700: Add socketpair function to socket module.
Dave Cole <djc@object-craft.com.au>
parents: 32429
diff changeset
314 \end{funcdesc}
90da70986407 Patch #1003700: Add socketpair function to socket module.
Dave Cole <djc@object-craft.com.au>
parents: 32429
diff changeset
315
7632
d22cf666fa2c Logical markup.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 7277
diff changeset
316 \begin{funcdesc}{fromfd}{fd, family, type\optional{, proto}}
37372
42312e5f11fd Bug #1460564: document that socket.fromfd() duplicates the given
Georg Brandl <georg@python.org>
parents: 36127
diff changeset
317 Duplicate the file descriptor \var{fd} (an integer as returned by a file
42312e5f11fd Bug #1460564: document that socket.fromfd() duplicates the given
Georg Brandl <georg@python.org>
parents: 36127
diff changeset
318 object's \method{fileno()} method) and build a socket object from the
42312e5f11fd Bug #1460564: document that socket.fromfd() duplicates the given
Georg Brandl <georg@python.org>
parents: 36127
diff changeset
319 result. Address family, socket type and protocol number are as for the
42312e5f11fd Bug #1460564: document that socket.fromfd() duplicates the given
Georg Brandl <georg@python.org>
parents: 36127
diff changeset
320 \function{socket()} function above.
42312e5f11fd Bug #1460564: document that socket.fromfd() duplicates the given
Georg Brandl <georg@python.org>
parents: 36127
diff changeset
321 The file descriptor should refer to a socket, but this is not
1471
2ec96140a36b Restructured library documentation
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
322 checked --- subsequent operations on the object may fail if the file
2ec96140a36b Restructured library documentation
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
323 descriptor is invalid. This function is rarely needed, but can be
2ec96140a36b Restructured library documentation
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
324 used to get or set socket options on a socket passed to a program as
21521
e0a5d16a9cb9 Add notes that fromfd() and s.makefile() are Unix-specific.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 21213
diff changeset
325 standard input or output (such as a server started by the \UNIX{} inet
23815
203d1412a7e8 Major overhaul of timeout sockets:
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 23730
diff changeset
326 daemon). The socket is assumed to be in blocking mode.
21521
e0a5d16a9cb9 Add notes that fromfd() and s.makefile() are Unix-specific.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 21213
diff changeset
327 Availability: \UNIX.
1471
2ec96140a36b Restructured library documentation
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
328 \end{funcdesc}
2ec96140a36b Restructured library documentation
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
329
4576
c3b0895c90fb Added [nh]to[hn][sl]().
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 2576
diff changeset
330 \begin{funcdesc}{ntohl}{x}
6783
c18501770895 Separated the definitions of ntohs(), ntohl(), htons(), htonl(). Separate
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 6587
diff changeset
331 Convert 32-bit integers from network to host byte order. On machines
c18501770895 Separated the definitions of ntohs(), ntohl(), htons(), htonl(). Separate
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 6587
diff changeset
332 where the host byte order is the same as network byte order, this is a
c18501770895 Separated the definitions of ntohs(), ntohl(), htons(), htonl(). Separate
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 6587
diff changeset
333 no-op; otherwise, it performs a 4-byte swap operation.
c18501770895 Separated the definitions of ntohs(), ntohl(), htons(), htonl(). Separate
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 6587
diff changeset
334 \end{funcdesc}
c18501770895 Separated the definitions of ntohs(), ntohl(), htons(), htonl(). Separate
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 6587
diff changeset
335
c18501770895 Separated the definitions of ntohs(), ntohl(), htons(), htonl(). Separate
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 6587
diff changeset
336 \begin{funcdesc}{ntohs}{x}
c18501770895 Separated the definitions of ntohs(), ntohl(), htons(), htonl(). Separate
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 6587
diff changeset
337 Convert 16-bit integers from network to host byte order. On machines
c18501770895 Separated the definitions of ntohs(), ntohl(), htons(), htonl(). Separate
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 6587
diff changeset
338 where the host byte order is the same as network byte order, this is a
c18501770895 Separated the definitions of ntohs(), ntohl(), htons(), htonl(). Separate
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 6587
diff changeset
339 no-op; otherwise, it performs a 2-byte swap operation.
c18501770895 Separated the definitions of ntohs(), ntohl(), htons(), htonl(). Separate
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 6587
diff changeset
340 \end{funcdesc}
c18501770895 Separated the definitions of ntohs(), ntohl(), htons(), htonl(). Separate
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 6587
diff changeset
341
c18501770895 Separated the definitions of ntohs(), ntohl(), htons(), htonl(). Separate
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 6587
diff changeset
342 \begin{funcdesc}{htonl}{x}
c18501770895 Separated the definitions of ntohs(), ntohl(), htons(), htonl(). Separate
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 6587
diff changeset
343 Convert 32-bit integers from host to network byte order. On machines
c18501770895 Separated the definitions of ntohs(), ntohl(), htons(), htonl(). Separate
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 6587
diff changeset
344 where the host byte order is the same as network byte order, this is a
c18501770895 Separated the definitions of ntohs(), ntohl(), htons(), htonl(). Separate
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 6587
diff changeset
345 no-op; otherwise, it performs a 4-byte swap operation.
c18501770895 Separated the definitions of ntohs(), ntohl(), htons(), htonl(). Separate
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 6587
diff changeset
346 \end{funcdesc}
c18501770895 Separated the definitions of ntohs(), ntohl(), htons(), htonl(). Separate
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 6587
diff changeset
347
c18501770895 Separated the definitions of ntohs(), ntohl(), htons(), htonl(). Separate
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 6587
diff changeset
348 \begin{funcdesc}{htons}{x}
c18501770895 Separated the definitions of ntohs(), ntohl(), htons(), htonl(). Separate
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 6587
diff changeset
349 Convert 16-bit integers from host to network byte order. On machines
c18501770895 Separated the definitions of ntohs(), ntohl(), htons(), htonl(). Separate
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 6587
diff changeset
350 where the host byte order is the same as network byte order, this is a
c18501770895 Separated the definitions of ntohs(), ntohl(), htons(), htonl(). Separate
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 6587
diff changeset
351 no-op; otherwise, it performs a 2-byte swap operation.
4576
c3b0895c90fb Added [nh]to[hn][sl]().
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 2576
diff changeset
352 \end{funcdesc}
c3b0895c90fb Added [nh]to[hn][sl]().
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 2576
diff changeset
353
11291
d970af0cece9 Added documentation for inet_aton() and inet_ntoa(), from Ben
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 11178
diff changeset
354 \begin{funcdesc}{inet_aton}{ip_string}
21521
e0a5d16a9cb9 Add notes that fromfd() and s.makefile() are Unix-specific.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 21213
diff changeset
355 Convert an IPv4 address from dotted-quad string format (for example,
e0a5d16a9cb9 Add notes that fromfd() and s.makefile() are Unix-specific.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 21213
diff changeset
356 '123.45.67.89') to 32-bit packed binary format, as a string four
28844
cd82253f20b7 - add availability statements for some of the new APIs
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 28837
diff changeset
357 characters in length. This is useful when conversing with a program
cd82253f20b7 - add availability statements for some of the new APIs
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 28837
diff changeset
358 that uses the standard C library and needs objects of type
cd82253f20b7 - add availability statements for some of the new APIs
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 28837
diff changeset
359 \ctype{struct in_addr}, which is the C type for the 32-bit packed
cd82253f20b7 - add availability statements for some of the new APIs
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 28837
diff changeset
360 binary this function returns.
11291
d970af0cece9 Added documentation for inet_aton() and inet_ntoa(), from Ben
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 11178
diff changeset
361
18995
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
362 If the IPv4 address string passed to this function is invalid,
11291
d970af0cece9 Added documentation for inet_aton() and inet_ntoa(), from Ben
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 11178
diff changeset
363 \exception{socket.error} will be raised. Note that exactly what is
d970af0cece9 Added documentation for inet_aton() and inet_ntoa(), from Ben
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 11178
diff changeset
364 valid depends on the underlying C implementation of
d970af0cece9 Added documentation for inet_aton() and inet_ntoa(), from Ben
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 11178
diff changeset
365 \cfunction{inet_aton()}.
18995
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
366
21528
ac3ce1faec68 Fix the erroneous availability annotation for s.makefile() from the last
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 21521
diff changeset
367 \function{inet_aton()} does not support IPv6, and
ac3ce1faec68 Fix the erroneous availability annotation for s.makefile() from the last
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 21521
diff changeset
368 \function{getnameinfo()} should be used instead for IPv4/v6 dual stack
ac3ce1faec68 Fix the erroneous availability annotation for s.makefile() from the last
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 21521
diff changeset
369 support.
11291
d970af0cece9 Added documentation for inet_aton() and inet_ntoa(), from Ben
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 11178
diff changeset
370 \end{funcdesc}
d970af0cece9 Added documentation for inet_aton() and inet_ntoa(), from Ben
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 11178
diff changeset
371
d970af0cece9 Added documentation for inet_aton() and inet_ntoa(), from Ben
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 11178
diff changeset
372 \begin{funcdesc}{inet_ntoa}{packed_ip}
18995
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
373 Convert a 32-bit packed IPv4 address (a string four characters in
28844
cd82253f20b7 - add availability statements for some of the new APIs
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 28837
diff changeset
374 length) to its standard dotted-quad string representation (for
cd82253f20b7 - add availability statements for some of the new APIs
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 28837
diff changeset
375 example, '123.45.67.89'). This is useful when conversing with a
cd82253f20b7 - add availability statements for some of the new APIs
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 28837
diff changeset
376 program that uses the standard C library and needs objects of type
cd82253f20b7 - add availability statements for some of the new APIs
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 28837
diff changeset
377 \ctype{struct in_addr}, which is the C type for the 32-bit packed
cd82253f20b7 - add availability statements for some of the new APIs
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 28837
diff changeset
378 binary data this function takes as an argument.
11291
d970af0cece9 Added documentation for inet_aton() and inet_ntoa(), from Ben
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 11178
diff changeset
379
d970af0cece9 Added documentation for inet_aton() and inet_ntoa(), from Ben
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 11178
diff changeset
380 If the string passed to this function is not exactly 4 bytes in
d970af0cece9 Added documentation for inet_aton() and inet_ntoa(), from Ben
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 11178
diff changeset
381 length, \exception{socket.error} will be raised.
21528
ac3ce1faec68 Fix the erroneous availability annotation for s.makefile() from the last
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 21521
diff changeset
382 \function{inet_ntoa()} does not support IPv6, and
ac3ce1faec68 Fix the erroneous availability annotation for s.makefile() from the last
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 21521
diff changeset
383 \function{getnameinfo()} should be used instead for IPv4/v6 dual stack
ac3ce1faec68 Fix the erroneous availability annotation for s.makefile() from the last
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 21521
diff changeset
384 support.
11291
d970af0cece9 Added documentation for inet_aton() and inet_ntoa(), from Ben
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 11178
diff changeset
385 \end{funcdesc}
d970af0cece9 Added documentation for inet_aton() and inet_ntoa(), from Ben
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 11178
diff changeset
386
28818
57e61588571b Patch by Jp Calderone:
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 28330
diff changeset
387 \begin{funcdesc}{inet_pton}{address_family, ip_string}
57e61588571b Patch by Jp Calderone:
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 28330
diff changeset
388 Convert an IP address from its family-specific string format to a packed,
57e61588571b Patch by Jp Calderone:
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 28330
diff changeset
389 binary format.
57e61588571b Patch by Jp Calderone:
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 28330
diff changeset
390 \function{inet_pton()} is useful when a library or network protocol calls for
57e61588571b Patch by Jp Calderone:
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 28330
diff changeset
391 an object of type \ctype{struct in_addr} (similar to \function{inet_aton()})
57e61588571b Patch by Jp Calderone:
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 28330
diff changeset
392 or \ctype{struct in6_addr}.
57e61588571b Patch by Jp Calderone:
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 28330
diff changeset
393
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Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 28837
diff changeset
394 Supported values for \var{address_family} are currently
cd82253f20b7 - add availability statements for some of the new APIs
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 28837
diff changeset
395 \constant{AF_INET} and \constant{AF_INET6}.
cd82253f20b7 - add availability statements for some of the new APIs
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 28837
diff changeset
396 If the IP address string \var{ip_string} is invalid,
28818
57e61588571b Patch by Jp Calderone:
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 28330
diff changeset
397 \exception{socket.error} will be raised. Note that exactly what is valid
57e61588571b Patch by Jp Calderone:
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 28330
diff changeset
398 depends on both the value of \var{address_family} and the underlying
57e61588571b Patch by Jp Calderone:
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 28330
diff changeset
399 implementation of \cfunction{inet_pton()}.
28844
cd82253f20b7 - add availability statements for some of the new APIs
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 28837
diff changeset
400
cd82253f20b7 - add availability statements for some of the new APIs
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 28837
diff changeset
401 Availability: \UNIX{} (maybe not all platforms).
28818
57e61588571b Patch by Jp Calderone:
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 28330
diff changeset
402 \versionadded{2.3}
57e61588571b Patch by Jp Calderone:
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 28330
diff changeset
403 \end{funcdesc}
57e61588571b Patch by Jp Calderone:
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 28330
diff changeset
404
57e61588571b Patch by Jp Calderone:
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 28330
diff changeset
405 \begin{funcdesc}{inet_ntop}{address_family, packed_ip}
28844
cd82253f20b7 - add availability statements for some of the new APIs
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 28837
diff changeset
406 Convert a packed IP address (a string of some number of characters) to
cd82253f20b7 - add availability statements for some of the new APIs
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 28837
diff changeset
407 its standard, family-specific string representation (for example,
cd82253f20b7 - add availability statements for some of the new APIs
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 28837
diff changeset
408 \code{'7.10.0.5'} or \code{'5aef:2b::8'})
28837
c2a05e0785f1 Fix a copy-paste error: the paragraph about inet_ntop's use was copied
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 28831
diff changeset
409 \function{inet_ntop()} is useful when a library or network protocol returns
c2a05e0785f1 Fix a copy-paste error: the paragraph about inet_ntop's use was copied
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 28831
diff changeset
410 an object of type \ctype{struct in_addr} (similar to \function{inet_ntoa()})
28818
57e61588571b Patch by Jp Calderone:
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 28330
diff changeset
411 or \ctype{struct in6_addr}.
57e61588571b Patch by Jp Calderone:
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 28330
diff changeset
412
28844
cd82253f20b7 - add availability statements for some of the new APIs
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 28837
diff changeset
413 Supported values for \var{address_family} are currently
cd82253f20b7 - add availability statements for some of the new APIs
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 28837
diff changeset
414 \constant{AF_INET} and \constant{AF_INET6}.
cd82253f20b7 - add availability statements for some of the new APIs
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 28837
diff changeset
415 If the string \var{packed_ip} is not the correct length for the
cd82253f20b7 - add availability statements for some of the new APIs
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 28837
diff changeset
416 specified address family, \exception{ValueError} will be raised. A
cd82253f20b7 - add availability statements for some of the new APIs
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 28837
diff changeset
417 \exception{socket.error} is raised for errors from the call to
28818
57e61588571b Patch by Jp Calderone:
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 28330
diff changeset
418 \function{inet_ntop()}.
28844
cd82253f20b7 - add availability statements for some of the new APIs
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 28837
diff changeset
419
cd82253f20b7 - add availability statements for some of the new APIs
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 28837
diff changeset
420 Availability: \UNIX{} (maybe not all platforms).
28818
57e61588571b Patch by Jp Calderone:
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 28330
diff changeset
421 \versionadded{2.3}
57e61588571b Patch by Jp Calderone:
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 28330
diff changeset
422 \end{funcdesc}
57e61588571b Patch by Jp Calderone:
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 28330
diff changeset
423
28330
02ce22830ab9 add descriptions of {get,set}defaulttimeout.
Skip Montanaro <skip@pobox.com>
parents: 23815
diff changeset
424 \begin{funcdesc}{getdefaulttimeout}{}
02ce22830ab9 add descriptions of {get,set}defaulttimeout.
Skip Montanaro <skip@pobox.com>
parents: 23815
diff changeset
425 Return the default timeout in floating seconds for new socket objects.
02ce22830ab9 add descriptions of {get,set}defaulttimeout.
Skip Montanaro <skip@pobox.com>
parents: 23815
diff changeset
426 A value of \code{None} indicates that new socket objects have no timeout.
02ce22830ab9 add descriptions of {get,set}defaulttimeout.
Skip Montanaro <skip@pobox.com>
parents: 23815
diff changeset
427 When the socket module is first imported, the default is \code{None}.
02ce22830ab9 add descriptions of {get,set}defaulttimeout.
Skip Montanaro <skip@pobox.com>
parents: 23815
diff changeset
428 \versionadded{2.3}
02ce22830ab9 add descriptions of {get,set}defaulttimeout.
Skip Montanaro <skip@pobox.com>
parents: 23815
diff changeset
429 \end{funcdesc}
02ce22830ab9 add descriptions of {get,set}defaulttimeout.
Skip Montanaro <skip@pobox.com>
parents: 23815
diff changeset
430
02ce22830ab9 add descriptions of {get,set}defaulttimeout.
Skip Montanaro <skip@pobox.com>
parents: 23815
diff changeset
431 \begin{funcdesc}{setdefaulttimeout}{timeout}
02ce22830ab9 add descriptions of {get,set}defaulttimeout.
Skip Montanaro <skip@pobox.com>
parents: 23815
diff changeset
432 Set the default timeout in floating seconds for new socket objects.
02ce22830ab9 add descriptions of {get,set}defaulttimeout.
Skip Montanaro <skip@pobox.com>
parents: 23815
diff changeset
433 A value of \code{None} indicates that new socket objects have no timeout.
02ce22830ab9 add descriptions of {get,set}defaulttimeout.
Skip Montanaro <skip@pobox.com>
parents: 23815
diff changeset
434 When the socket module is first imported, the default is \code{None}.
02ce22830ab9 add descriptions of {get,set}defaulttimeout.
Skip Montanaro <skip@pobox.com>
parents: 23815
diff changeset
435 \versionadded{2.3}
02ce22830ab9 add descriptions of {get,set}defaulttimeout.
Skip Montanaro <skip@pobox.com>
parents: 23815
diff changeset
436 \end{funcdesc}
02ce22830ab9 add descriptions of {get,set}defaulttimeout.
Skip Montanaro <skip@pobox.com>
parents: 23815
diff changeset
437
6482
d311b68754c1 socket_type ==> SocketType
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 5818
diff changeset
438 \begin{datadesc}{SocketType}
5574
84d7cc5e63cd Added description of socket_type.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 5461
diff changeset
439 This is a Python type object that represents the socket object type.
7632
d22cf666fa2c Logical markup.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 7277
diff changeset
440 It is the same as \code{type(socket(...))}.
5574
84d7cc5e63cd Added description of socket_type.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 5461
diff changeset
441 \end{datadesc}
84d7cc5e63cd Added description of socket_type.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 5461
diff changeset
442
13386
3f08bedc1c26 Clean up markup to be more like recommended practice; only small changes
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 13178
diff changeset
443
3f08bedc1c26 Clean up markup to be more like recommended practice; only small changes
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 13178
diff changeset
444 \begin{seealso}
3f08bedc1c26 Clean up markup to be more like recommended practice; only small changes
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 13178
diff changeset
445 \seemodule{SocketServer}{Classes that simplify writing network servers.}
3f08bedc1c26 Clean up markup to be more like recommended practice; only small changes
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 13178
diff changeset
446 \end{seealso}
3f08bedc1c26 Clean up markup to be more like recommended practice; only small changes
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 13178
diff changeset
447
3f08bedc1c26 Clean up markup to be more like recommended practice; only small changes
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 13178
diff changeset
448
11178
245d2b605036 Add index entry "I/O control, buffering" for makefile().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 10836
diff changeset
449 \subsection{Socket Objects \label{socket-objects}}
1471
2ec96140a36b Restructured library documentation
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
450
2ec96140a36b Restructured library documentation
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
451 Socket objects have the following methods. Except for
7632
d22cf666fa2c Logical markup.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 7277
diff changeset
452 \method{makefile()} these correspond to \UNIX{} system calls
d22cf666fa2c Logical markup.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 7277
diff changeset
453 applicable to sockets.
1471
2ec96140a36b Restructured library documentation
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
454
7823
0575d5a17218 Use {methoddesc} as appropriate.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 7712
diff changeset
455 \begin{methoddesc}[socket]{accept}{}
1471
2ec96140a36b Restructured library documentation
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
456 Accept a connection.
2ec96140a36b Restructured library documentation
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
457 The socket must be bound to an address and listening for connections.
2ec96140a36b Restructured library documentation
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
458 The return value is a pair \code{(\var{conn}, \var{address})}
2ec96140a36b Restructured library documentation
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
459 where \var{conn} is a \emph{new} socket object usable to send and
2ec96140a36b Restructured library documentation
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
460 receive data on the connection, and \var{address} is the address bound
2ec96140a36b Restructured library documentation
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
461 to the socket on the other end of the connection.
7823
0575d5a17218 Use {methoddesc} as appropriate.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 7712
diff changeset
462 \end{methoddesc}
1471
2ec96140a36b Restructured library documentation
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
463
7823
0575d5a17218 Use {methoddesc} as appropriate.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 7712
diff changeset
464 \begin{methoddesc}[socket]{bind}{address}
1682
2bcddc905da0 clarify the meaning of address for those methods that or return addresses
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 1567
diff changeset
465 Bind the socket to \var{address}. The socket must not already be bound.
12230
7bf8b10ce2ab Added notes about the eventual disappearance of two-parameter bind(),
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 12223
diff changeset
466 (The format of \var{address} depends on the address family --- see
20580
376ee174ecd0 Use the \note and \warning macros where appropriate.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 20574
diff changeset
467 above.) \note{This method has historically accepted a pair
12230
7bf8b10ce2ab Added notes about the eventual disappearance of two-parameter bind(),
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 12223
diff changeset
468 of parameters for \constant{AF_INET} addresses instead of only a
31862
dbd3fc214b66 #928751, fix typos in socket doc
Neal Norwitz <nnorwitz@gmail.com>
parents: 31432
diff changeset
469 tuple. This was never intentional and is no longer available in
dbd3fc214b66 #928751, fix typos in socket doc
Neal Norwitz <nnorwitz@gmail.com>
parents: 31432
diff changeset
470 Python 2.0 and later.}
7823
0575d5a17218 Use {methoddesc} as appropriate.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 7712
diff changeset
471 \end{methoddesc}
1471
2ec96140a36b Restructured library documentation
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
472
7823
0575d5a17218 Use {methoddesc} as appropriate.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 7712
diff changeset
473 \begin{methoddesc}[socket]{close}{}
1471
2ec96140a36b Restructured library documentation
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
474 Close the socket. All future operations on the socket object will fail.
2ec96140a36b Restructured library documentation
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
475 The remote end will receive no more data (after queued data is flushed).
2ec96140a36b Restructured library documentation
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
476 Sockets are automatically closed when they are garbage-collected.
7823
0575d5a17218 Use {methoddesc} as appropriate.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 7712
diff changeset
477 \end{methoddesc}
1471
2ec96140a36b Restructured library documentation
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
478
7823
0575d5a17218 Use {methoddesc} as appropriate.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 7712
diff changeset
479 \begin{methoddesc}[socket]{connect}{address}
1682
2bcddc905da0 clarify the meaning of address for those methods that or return addresses
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 1567
diff changeset
480 Connect to a remote socket at \var{address}.
7632
d22cf666fa2c Logical markup.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 7277
diff changeset
481 (The format of \var{address} depends on the address family --- see
20580
376ee174ecd0 Use the \note and \warning macros where appropriate.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 20574
diff changeset
482 above.) \note{This method has historically accepted a pair
12230
7bf8b10ce2ab Added notes about the eventual disappearance of two-parameter bind(),
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 12223
diff changeset
483 of parameters for \constant{AF_INET} addresses instead of only a
15800
3a260274bcc6 SourceForge patch #103140, checked in at fdrake's invitation. Minor fixes and
Eric S. Raymond <esr@thyrsus.com>
parents: 15146
diff changeset
484 tuple. This was never intentional and is no longer available in
20580
376ee174ecd0 Use the \note and \warning macros where appropriate.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 20574
diff changeset
485 Python 2.0 and later.}
7823
0575d5a17218 Use {methoddesc} as appropriate.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 7712
diff changeset
486 \end{methoddesc}
1471
2ec96140a36b Restructured library documentation
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
487
7823
0575d5a17218 Use {methoddesc} as appropriate.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 7712
diff changeset
488 \begin{methoddesc}[socket]{connect_ex}{address}
6804
e224c41bdac6 Fix a little mess (Likecode{...} -> Like \code{...}) in recently added text.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 6783
diff changeset
489 Like \code{connect(\var{address})}, but return an error indicator
10836
efd1573a4b03 Updated connect_ex() documentation based on comments in the newgroup
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 10655
diff changeset
490 instead of raising an exception for errors returned by the C-level
efd1573a4b03 Updated connect_ex() documentation based on comments in the newgroup
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 10655
diff changeset
491 \cfunction{connect()} call (other problems, such as ``host not found,''
efd1573a4b03 Updated connect_ex() documentation based on comments in the newgroup
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 10655
diff changeset
492 can still raise exceptions). The error indicator is \code{0} if the
7632
d22cf666fa2c Logical markup.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 7277
diff changeset
493 operation succeeded, otherwise the value of the \cdata{errno}
21521
e0a5d16a9cb9 Add notes that fromfd() and s.makefile() are Unix-specific.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 21213
diff changeset
494 variable. This is useful to support, for example, asynchronous connects.
20580
376ee174ecd0 Use the \note and \warning macros where appropriate.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 20574
diff changeset
495 \note{This method has historically accepted a pair of
12230
7bf8b10ce2ab Added notes about the eventual disappearance of two-parameter bind(),
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 12223
diff changeset
496 parameters for \constant{AF_INET} addresses instead of only a tuple.
31862
dbd3fc214b66 #928751, fix typos in socket doc
Neal Norwitz <nnorwitz@gmail.com>
parents: 31432
diff changeset
497 This was never intentional and is no longer available in Python
20580
376ee174ecd0 Use the \note and \warning macros where appropriate.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 20574
diff changeset
498 2.0 and later.}
7823
0575d5a17218 Use {methoddesc} as appropriate.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 7712
diff changeset
499 \end{methoddesc}
6587
e0e667bbc971 Document s.connect_ex(), which does not raise an exception on error.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 6482
diff changeset
500
7823
0575d5a17218 Use {methoddesc} as appropriate.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 7712
diff changeset
501 \begin{methoddesc}[socket]{fileno}{}
1471
2ec96140a36b Restructured library documentation
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
502 Return the socket's file descriptor (a small integer). This is useful
7632
d22cf666fa2c Logical markup.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 7277
diff changeset
503 with \function{select.select()}.
30048
2cfaca62a990 Add note about fileno not being usable as a normal file descriptor in Windows.
Brett Cannon <bcannon@gmail.com>
parents: 29949
diff changeset
504
2cfaca62a990 Add note about fileno not being usable as a normal file descriptor in Windows.
Brett Cannon <bcannon@gmail.com>
parents: 29949
diff changeset
505 Under Windows the small integer returned by this method cannot be used where
2cfaca62a990 Add note about fileno not being usable as a normal file descriptor in Windows.
Brett Cannon <bcannon@gmail.com>
parents: 29949
diff changeset
506 a file descriptor can be used (such as \function{os.fdopen()}). \UNIX{} does
2cfaca62a990 Add note about fileno not being usable as a normal file descriptor in Windows.
Brett Cannon <bcannon@gmail.com>
parents: 29949
diff changeset
507 not have this limitation.
7823
0575d5a17218 Use {methoddesc} as appropriate.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 7712
diff changeset
508 \end{methoddesc}
1471
2ec96140a36b Restructured library documentation
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
509
7823
0575d5a17218 Use {methoddesc} as appropriate.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 7712
diff changeset
510 \begin{methoddesc}[socket]{getpeername}{}
1471
2ec96140a36b Restructured library documentation
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
511 Return the remote address to which the socket is connected. This is
18995
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
512 useful to find out the port number of a remote IPv4/v6 socket, for instance.
2453
cdd3a721b40e a few typographical changes (e.g. -- => ---) and lots of new stuff in the WWW chapter
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 2447
diff changeset
513 (The format of the address returned depends on the address family ---
1759
4d421f9e8373 * Doc/libsocket.tex (subsection{Socket Object Methods}):
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 1750
diff changeset
514 see above.) On some systems this function is not supported.
7823
0575d5a17218 Use {methoddesc} as appropriate.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 7712
diff changeset
515 \end{methoddesc}
1471
2ec96140a36b Restructured library documentation
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
516
7823
0575d5a17218 Use {methoddesc} as appropriate.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 7712
diff changeset
517 \begin{methoddesc}[socket]{getsockname}{}
1471
2ec96140a36b Restructured library documentation
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
518 Return the socket's own address. This is useful to find out the port
18995
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
519 number of an IPv4/v6 socket, for instance.
2453
cdd3a721b40e a few typographical changes (e.g. -- => ---) and lots of new stuff in the WWW chapter
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 2447
diff changeset
520 (The format of the address returned depends on the address family ---
1682
2bcddc905da0 clarify the meaning of address for those methods that or return addresses
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 1567
diff changeset
521 see above.)
7823
0575d5a17218 Use {methoddesc} as appropriate.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 7712
diff changeset
522 \end{methoddesc}
1471
2ec96140a36b Restructured library documentation
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
523
7823
0575d5a17218 Use {methoddesc} as appropriate.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 7712
diff changeset
524 \begin{methoddesc}[socket]{getsockopt}{level, optname\optional{, buflen}}
1471
2ec96140a36b Restructured library documentation
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
525 Return the value of the given socket option (see the \UNIX{} man page
7632
d22cf666fa2c Logical markup.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 7277
diff changeset
526 \manpage{getsockopt}{2}). The needed symbolic constants
d22cf666fa2c Logical markup.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 7277
diff changeset
527 (\constant{SO_*} etc.) are defined in this module. If \var{buflen}
2576
f47bc5554418 mass changes; fix titles; add examples; correct typos; clarifications;
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 2527
diff changeset
528 is absent, an integer option is assumed and its integer value
2447
73499a667e78 changes refs to SO_* symbols
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 2354
diff changeset
529 is returned by the function. If \var{buflen} is present, it specifies
73499a667e78 changes refs to SO_* symbols
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 2354
diff changeset
530 the maximum length of the buffer used to receive the option in, and
2576
f47bc5554418 mass changes; fix titles; add examples; correct typos; clarifications;
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 2527
diff changeset
531 this buffer is returned as a string. It is up to the caller to decode
2447
73499a667e78 changes refs to SO_* symbols
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 2354
diff changeset
532 the contents of the buffer (see the optional built-in module
10655
299bf53e6861 Logical markup nits.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 8918
diff changeset
533 \refmodule{struct} for a way to decode C structures encoded as strings).
7823
0575d5a17218 Use {methoddesc} as appropriate.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 7712
diff changeset
534 \end{methoddesc}
1471
2ec96140a36b Restructured library documentation
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
535
7823
0575d5a17218 Use {methoddesc} as appropriate.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 7712
diff changeset
536 \begin{methoddesc}[socket]{listen}{backlog}
2576
f47bc5554418 mass changes; fix titles; add examples; correct typos; clarifications;
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 2527
diff changeset
537 Listen for connections made to the socket. The \var{backlog} argument
f47bc5554418 mass changes; fix titles; add examples; correct typos; clarifications;
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 2527
diff changeset
538 specifies the maximum number of queued connections and should be at
f47bc5554418 mass changes; fix titles; add examples; correct typos; clarifications;
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 2527
diff changeset
539 least 1; the maximum value is system-dependent (usually 5).
7823
0575d5a17218 Use {methoddesc} as appropriate.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 7712
diff changeset
540 \end{methoddesc}
1471
2ec96140a36b Restructured library documentation
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
541
7823
0575d5a17218 Use {methoddesc} as appropriate.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 7712
diff changeset
542 \begin{methoddesc}[socket]{makefile}{\optional{mode\optional{, bufsize}}}
2576
f47bc5554418 mass changes; fix titles; add examples; correct typos; clarifications;
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 2527
diff changeset
543 Return a \dfn{file object} associated with the socket. (File objects
11178
245d2b605036 Add index entry "I/O control, buffering" for makefile().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 10836
diff changeset
544 are described in \ref{bltin-file-objects}, ``File Objects.'')
7632
d22cf666fa2c Logical markup.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 7277
diff changeset
545 The file object references a \cfunction{dup()}ped version of the
d22cf666fa2c Logical markup.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 7277
diff changeset
546 socket file descriptor, so the file object and socket object may be
11178
245d2b605036 Add index entry "I/O control, buffering" for makefile().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 10836
diff changeset
547 closed or garbage-collected independently.
23730
af8d40e4c377 Clarify the interaction between timeout/non-blocking mode, makefile
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 23729
diff changeset
548 The socket should be in blocking mode.
11178
245d2b605036 Add index entry "I/O control, buffering" for makefile().
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 10836
diff changeset
549 \index{I/O control!buffering}The optional \var{mode}
7632
d22cf666fa2c Logical markup.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 7277
diff changeset
550 and \var{bufsize} arguments are interpreted the same way as by the
20574
5af6c89c8cb7 When stating that some parameters to makefile() are similar to the open()
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 20375
diff changeset
551 built-in \function{file()} function; see ``Built-in Functions''
5af6c89c8cb7 When stating that some parameters to makefile() are similar to the open()
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 20375
diff changeset
552 (section \ref{built-in-funcs}) for more information.
7823
0575d5a17218 Use {methoddesc} as appropriate.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 7712
diff changeset
553 \end{methoddesc}
1471
2ec96140a36b Restructured library documentation
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
554
7823
0575d5a17218 Use {methoddesc} as appropriate.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 7712
diff changeset
555 \begin{methoddesc}[socket]{recv}{bufsize\optional{, flags}}
1471
2ec96140a36b Restructured library documentation
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
556 Receive data from the socket. The return value is a string representing
2ec96140a36b Restructured library documentation
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
557 the data received. The maximum amount of data to be received
2ec96140a36b Restructured library documentation
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
558 at once is specified by \var{bufsize}. See the \UNIX{} manual page
7632
d22cf666fa2c Logical markup.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 7277
diff changeset
559 \manpage{recv}{2} for the meaning of the optional argument
d22cf666fa2c Logical markup.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 7277
diff changeset
560 \var{flags}; it defaults to zero.
36127
76d511972616 Bug #756104 (backport): document that bufsize in socket.recv() should be small
Georg Brandl <georg@python.org>
parents: 35672
diff changeset
561 \note{For best match with hardware and network realities, the value of
76d511972616 Bug #756104 (backport): document that bufsize in socket.recv() should be small
Georg Brandl <georg@python.org>
parents: 35672
diff changeset
562 \var{bufsize} should be a relatively small power of 2, for example, 4096.}
7823
0575d5a17218 Use {methoddesc} as appropriate.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 7712
diff changeset
563 \end{methoddesc}
1471
2ec96140a36b Restructured library documentation
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
564
7823
0575d5a17218 Use {methoddesc} as appropriate.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 7712
diff changeset
565 \begin{methoddesc}[socket]{recvfrom}{bufsize\optional{, flags}}
1471
2ec96140a36b Restructured library documentation
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
566 Receive data from the socket. The return value is a pair
2ec96140a36b Restructured library documentation
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
567 \code{(\var{string}, \var{address})} where \var{string} is a string
2ec96140a36b Restructured library documentation
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
568 representing the data received and \var{address} is the address of the
2576
f47bc5554418 mass changes; fix titles; add examples; correct typos; clarifications;
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 2527
diff changeset
569 socket sending the data. The optional \var{flags} argument has the
7632
d22cf666fa2c Logical markup.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 7277
diff changeset
570 same meaning as for \method{recv()} above.
2453
cdd3a721b40e a few typographical changes (e.g. -- => ---) and lots of new stuff in the WWW chapter
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 2447
diff changeset
571 (The format of \var{address} depends on the address family --- see above.)
7823
0575d5a17218 Use {methoddesc} as appropriate.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 7712
diff changeset
572 \end{methoddesc}
1471
2ec96140a36b Restructured library documentation
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
573
7823
0575d5a17218 Use {methoddesc} as appropriate.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 7712
diff changeset
574 \begin{methoddesc}[socket]{send}{string\optional{, flags}}
1471
2ec96140a36b Restructured library documentation
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
575 Send data to the socket. The socket must be connected to a remote
2576
f47bc5554418 mass changes; fix titles; add examples; correct typos; clarifications;
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 2527
diff changeset
576 socket. The optional \var{flags} argument has the same meaning as for
7632
d22cf666fa2c Logical markup.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 7277
diff changeset
577 \method{recv()} above. Returns the number of bytes sent.
21213
3b09ea723ece Added documentation of the sendall() method, and a note to the send() method
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 20580
diff changeset
578 Applications are responsible for checking that all data has been sent;
3b09ea723ece Added documentation of the sendall() method, and a note to the send() method
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 20580
diff changeset
579 if only some of the data was transmitted, the application needs to
3b09ea723ece Added documentation of the sendall() method, and a note to the send() method
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 20580
diff changeset
580 attempt delivery of the remaining data.
3b09ea723ece Added documentation of the sendall() method, and a note to the send() method
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 20580
diff changeset
581 \end{methoddesc}
3b09ea723ece Added documentation of the sendall() method, and a note to the send() method
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 20580
diff changeset
582
3b09ea723ece Added documentation of the sendall() method, and a note to the send() method
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 20580
diff changeset
583 \begin{methoddesc}[socket]{sendall}{string\optional{, flags}}
3b09ea723ece Added documentation of the sendall() method, and a note to the send() method
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 20580
diff changeset
584 Send data to the socket. The socket must be connected to a remote
3b09ea723ece Added documentation of the sendall() method, and a note to the send() method
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 20580
diff changeset
585 socket. The optional \var{flags} argument has the same meaning as for
3b09ea723ece Added documentation of the sendall() method, and a note to the send() method
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 20580
diff changeset
586 \method{recv()} above. Unlike \method{send()}, this method continues
3b09ea723ece Added documentation of the sendall() method, and a note to the send() method
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 20580
diff changeset
587 to send data from \var{string} until either all data has been sent or
3b09ea723ece Added documentation of the sendall() method, and a note to the send() method
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 20580
diff changeset
588 an error occurs. \code{None} is returned on success. On error, an
3b09ea723ece Added documentation of the sendall() method, and a note to the send() method
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 20580
diff changeset
589 exception is raised, and there is no way to determine how much data,
3b09ea723ece Added documentation of the sendall() method, and a note to the send() method
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 20580
diff changeset
590 if any, was successfully sent.
7823
0575d5a17218 Use {methoddesc} as appropriate.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 7712
diff changeset
591 \end{methoddesc}
1471
2ec96140a36b Restructured library documentation
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
592
7823
0575d5a17218 Use {methoddesc} as appropriate.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 7712
diff changeset
593 \begin{methoddesc}[socket]{sendto}{string\optional{, flags}, address}
1471
2ec96140a36b Restructured library documentation
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
594 Send data to the socket. The socket should not be connected to a
2ec96140a36b Restructured library documentation
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
595 remote socket, since the destination socket is specified by
7632
d22cf666fa2c Logical markup.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 7277
diff changeset
596 \var{address}. The optional \var{flags} argument has the same
d22cf666fa2c Logical markup.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 7277
diff changeset
597 meaning as for \method{recv()} above. Return the number of bytes sent.
2453
cdd3a721b40e a few typographical changes (e.g. -- => ---) and lots of new stuff in the WWW chapter
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 2447
diff changeset
598 (The format of \var{address} depends on the address family --- see above.)
7823
0575d5a17218 Use {methoddesc} as appropriate.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 7712
diff changeset
599 \end{methoddesc}
1471
2ec96140a36b Restructured library documentation
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
600
7823
0575d5a17218 Use {methoddesc} as appropriate.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 7712
diff changeset
601 \begin{methoddesc}[socket]{setblocking}{flag}
1871
10a12473ee93 added Tommy Burnette's setblocking() method
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 1767
diff changeset
602 Set blocking or non-blocking mode of the socket: if \var{flag} is 0,
10a12473ee93 added Tommy Burnette's setblocking() method
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 1767
diff changeset
603 the socket is set to non-blocking, else to blocking mode. Initially
10a12473ee93 added Tommy Burnette's setblocking() method
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 1767
diff changeset
604 all sockets are in blocking mode. In non-blocking mode, if a
10655
299bf53e6861 Logical markup nits.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 8918
diff changeset
605 \method{recv()} call doesn't find any data, or if a
299bf53e6861 Logical markup nits.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 8918
diff changeset
606 \method{send()} call can't immediately dispose of the data, a
299bf53e6861 Logical markup nits.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 8918
diff changeset
607 \exception{error} exception is raised; in blocking mode, the calls
299bf53e6861 Logical markup nits.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 8918
diff changeset
608 block until they can proceed.
23815
203d1412a7e8 Major overhaul of timeout sockets:
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 23730
diff changeset
609 \code{s.setblocking(0)} is equivalent to \code{s.settimeout(0)};
203d1412a7e8 Major overhaul of timeout sockets:
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 23730
diff changeset
610 \code{s.setblocking(1)} is equivalent to \code{s.settimeout(None)}.
7823
0575d5a17218 Use {methoddesc} as appropriate.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 7712
diff changeset
611 \end{methoddesc}
1871
10a12473ee93 added Tommy Burnette's setblocking() method
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 1767
diff changeset
612
23717
77154cef29d1 SF patch 555085 (timeout socket implementation) by Michael Gilfix.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 21528
diff changeset
613 \begin{methoddesc}[socket]{settimeout}{value}
23815
203d1412a7e8 Major overhaul of timeout sockets:
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 23730
diff changeset
614 Set a timeout on blocking socket operations. The \var{value} argument
203d1412a7e8 Major overhaul of timeout sockets:
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 23730
diff changeset
615 can be a nonnegative float expressing seconds, or \code{None}.
203d1412a7e8 Major overhaul of timeout sockets:
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 23730
diff changeset
616 If a float is
29665
d7626b80de95 SF patch #760257: add socket.timeout exception
Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com>
parents: 29560
diff changeset
617 given, subsequent socket operations will raise an \exception{timeout}
23728
5562a499fb7f Clarify the interaction between blocking and timeouts. Explain that
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 23720
diff changeset
618 exception if the timeout period \var{value} has elapsed before the
5562a499fb7f Clarify the interaction between blocking and timeouts. Explain that
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 23720
diff changeset
619 operation has completed. Setting a timeout of \code{None} disables
5562a499fb7f Clarify the interaction between blocking and timeouts. Explain that
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 23720
diff changeset
620 timeouts on socket operations.
29560
a296214d2ebb SF #757229, fix libsocket.tex typo
Neal Norwitz <nnorwitz@gmail.com>
parents: 28844
diff changeset
621 \code{s.settimeout(0.0)} is equivalent to \code{s.setblocking(0)};
23815
203d1412a7e8 Major overhaul of timeout sockets:
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 23730
diff changeset
622 \code{s.settimeout(None)} is equivalent to \code{s.setblocking(1)}.
23720
b062085c1ff2 Add version info, and fix another typo and wording spotted by /F. I think this is what he meant. :-)
Neal Norwitz <nnorwitz@gmail.com>
parents: 23719
diff changeset
623 \versionadded{2.3}
23717
77154cef29d1 SF patch 555085 (timeout socket implementation) by Michael Gilfix.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 21528
diff changeset
624 \end{methoddesc}
77154cef29d1 SF patch 555085 (timeout socket implementation) by Michael Gilfix.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 21528
diff changeset
625
77154cef29d1 SF patch 555085 (timeout socket implementation) by Michael Gilfix.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 21528
diff changeset
626 \begin{methoddesc}[socket]{gettimeout}{}
23718
444954c5434c Fix some markup errors and adjust wording slightly.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 23717
diff changeset
627 Returns the timeout in floating seconds associated with socket
23815
203d1412a7e8 Major overhaul of timeout sockets:
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 23730
diff changeset
628 operations, or \code{None} if no timeout is set. This reflects
203d1412a7e8 Major overhaul of timeout sockets:
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 23730
diff changeset
629 the last call to \method{setblocking()} or \method{settimeout()}.
23720
b062085c1ff2 Add version info, and fix another typo and wording spotted by /F. I think this is what he meant. :-)
Neal Norwitz <nnorwitz@gmail.com>
parents: 23719
diff changeset
630 \versionadded{2.3}
23717
77154cef29d1 SF patch 555085 (timeout socket implementation) by Michael Gilfix.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 21528
diff changeset
631 \end{methoddesc}
77154cef29d1 SF patch 555085 (timeout socket implementation) by Michael Gilfix.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 21528
diff changeset
632
23815
203d1412a7e8 Major overhaul of timeout sockets:
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 23730
diff changeset
633 Some notes on socket blocking and timeouts: A socket object can be in
29949
ad09687aaaa0 SF bug #774411: Typo in socket documentation
Raymond Hettinger <python@rcn.com>
parents: 29665
diff changeset
634 one of three modes: blocking, non-blocking, or timeout. Sockets are
23815
203d1412a7e8 Major overhaul of timeout sockets:
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 23730
diff changeset
635 always created in blocking mode. In blocking mode, operations block
203d1412a7e8 Major overhaul of timeout sockets:
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 23730
diff changeset
636 until complete. In non-blocking mode, operations fail (with an error
203d1412a7e8 Major overhaul of timeout sockets:
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 23730
diff changeset
637 that is unfortunately system-dependent) if they cannot be completed
203d1412a7e8 Major overhaul of timeout sockets:
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 23730
diff changeset
638 immediately. In timeout mode, operations fail if they cannot be
203d1412a7e8 Major overhaul of timeout sockets:
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 23730
diff changeset
639 completed within the timeout specified for the socket. The
203d1412a7e8 Major overhaul of timeout sockets:
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 23730
diff changeset
640 \method{setblocking()} method is simply a shorthand for certain
203d1412a7e8 Major overhaul of timeout sockets:
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 23730
diff changeset
641 \method{settimeout()} calls.
23717
77154cef29d1 SF patch 555085 (timeout socket implementation) by Michael Gilfix.
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 21528
diff changeset
642
23730
af8d40e4c377 Clarify the interaction between timeout/non-blocking mode, makefile
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 23729
diff changeset
643 Timeout mode internally sets the socket in non-blocking mode. The
af8d40e4c377 Clarify the interaction between timeout/non-blocking mode, makefile
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 23729
diff changeset
644 blocking and timeout modes are shared between file descriptors and
af8d40e4c377 Clarify the interaction between timeout/non-blocking mode, makefile
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 23729
diff changeset
645 socket objects that refer to the same network endpoint. A consequence
af8d40e4c377 Clarify the interaction between timeout/non-blocking mode, makefile
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 23729
diff changeset
646 of this is that file objects returned by the \method{makefile()}
af8d40e4c377 Clarify the interaction between timeout/non-blocking mode, makefile
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 23729
diff changeset
647 method should only be used when the socket is in blocking mode; in
af8d40e4c377 Clarify the interaction between timeout/non-blocking mode, makefile
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 23729
diff changeset
648 timeout or non-blocking mode file operations that cannot be completed
af8d40e4c377 Clarify the interaction between timeout/non-blocking mode, makefile
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 23729
diff changeset
649 immediately will fail.
af8d40e4c377 Clarify the interaction between timeout/non-blocking mode, makefile
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 23729
diff changeset
650
31181
e5d97ab710a2 After hearing from someone who gave up on timeout sockets due to a
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 31027
diff changeset
651 Note that the \method{connect()} operation is subject to the timeout
e5d97ab710a2 After hearing from someone who gave up on timeout sockets due to a
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 31027
diff changeset
652 setting, and in general it is recommended to call
e5d97ab710a2 After hearing from someone who gave up on timeout sockets due to a
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 31027
diff changeset
653 \method{settimeout()} before calling \method{connect()}.
e5d97ab710a2 After hearing from someone who gave up on timeout sockets due to a
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 31027
diff changeset
654
7823
0575d5a17218 Use {methoddesc} as appropriate.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 7712
diff changeset
655 \begin{methoddesc}[socket]{setsockopt}{level, optname, value}
13178
d37374552a15 Say "manual page", not "man page", when referring to the Unix manual.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 12571
diff changeset
656 Set the value of the given socket option (see the \UNIX{} manual page
7632
d22cf666fa2c Logical markup.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 7277
diff changeset
657 \manpage{setsockopt}{2}). The needed symbolic constants are defined in
28844
cd82253f20b7 - add availability statements for some of the new APIs
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 28837
diff changeset
658 the \module{socket} module (\constant{SO_*} etc.). The value can be an
2447
73499a667e78 changes refs to SO_* symbols
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 2354
diff changeset
659 integer or a string representing a buffer. In the latter case it is
73499a667e78 changes refs to SO_* symbols
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 2354
diff changeset
660 up to the caller to ensure that the string contains the proper bits
73499a667e78 changes refs to SO_* symbols
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 2354
diff changeset
661 (see the optional built-in module
10655
299bf53e6861 Logical markup nits.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 8918
diff changeset
662 \refmodule{struct}\refbimodindex{struct} for a way to encode C
299bf53e6861 Logical markup nits.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 8918
diff changeset
663 structures as strings).
7823
0575d5a17218 Use {methoddesc} as appropriate.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 7712
diff changeset
664 \end{methoddesc}
1471
2ec96140a36b Restructured library documentation
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
665
7823
0575d5a17218 Use {methoddesc} as appropriate.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 7712
diff changeset
666 \begin{methoddesc}[socket]{shutdown}{how}
7632
d22cf666fa2c Logical markup.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 7277
diff changeset
667 Shut down one or both halves of the connection. If \var{how} is
31027
bf038986cb8f Patch #849595: Add socket.shutdown() constants.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 30048
diff changeset
668 \constant{SHUT_RD}, further receives are disallowed. If \var{how} is \constant{SHUT_WR},
bf038986cb8f Patch #849595: Add socket.shutdown() constants.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 30048
diff changeset
669 further sends are disallowed. If \var{how} is \constant{SHUT_RDWR}, further sends
7632
d22cf666fa2c Logical markup.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 7277
diff changeset
670 and receives are disallowed.
7823
0575d5a17218 Use {methoddesc} as appropriate.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 7712
diff changeset
671 \end{methoddesc}
1471
2ec96140a36b Restructured library documentation
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
672
7632
d22cf666fa2c Logical markup.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 7277
diff changeset
673 Note that there are no methods \method{read()} or \method{write()};
d22cf666fa2c Logical markup.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 7277
diff changeset
674 use \method{recv()} and \method{send()} without \var{flags} argument
d22cf666fa2c Logical markup.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 7277
diff changeset
675 instead.
1471
2ec96140a36b Restructured library documentation
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
676
13386
3f08bedc1c26 Clean up markup to be more like recommended practice; only small changes
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 13178
diff changeset
677
20082
18df32f6cea1 Added documentation for the SSL interface, contributed by Gerhard Häring.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 18995
diff changeset
678 \subsection{SSL Objects \label{ssl-objects}}
18df32f6cea1 Added documentation for the SSL interface, contributed by Gerhard Häring.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 18995
diff changeset
679
18df32f6cea1 Added documentation for the SSL interface, contributed by Gerhard Häring.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 18995
diff changeset
680 SSL objects have the following methods.
18df32f6cea1 Added documentation for the SSL interface, contributed by Gerhard Häring.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 18995
diff changeset
681
18df32f6cea1 Added documentation for the SSL interface, contributed by Gerhard Häring.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 18995
diff changeset
682 \begin{methoddesc}{write}{s}
18df32f6cea1 Added documentation for the SSL interface, contributed by Gerhard Häring.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 18995
diff changeset
683 Writes the string \var{s} to the on the object's SSL connection.
18df32f6cea1 Added documentation for the SSL interface, contributed by Gerhard Häring.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 18995
diff changeset
684 The return value is the number of bytes written.
18df32f6cea1 Added documentation for the SSL interface, contributed by Gerhard Häring.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 18995
diff changeset
685 \end{methoddesc}
18df32f6cea1 Added documentation for the SSL interface, contributed by Gerhard Häring.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 18995
diff changeset
686
18df32f6cea1 Added documentation for the SSL interface, contributed by Gerhard Häring.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 18995
diff changeset
687 \begin{methoddesc}{read}{\optional{n}}
18df32f6cea1 Added documentation for the SSL interface, contributed by Gerhard Häring.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 18995
diff changeset
688 If \var{n} is provided, read \var{n} bytes from the SSL connection, otherwise
18df32f6cea1 Added documentation for the SSL interface, contributed by Gerhard Häring.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 18995
diff changeset
689 read until EOF. The return value is a string of the bytes read.
18df32f6cea1 Added documentation for the SSL interface, contributed by Gerhard Häring.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 18995
diff changeset
690 \end{methoddesc}
18df32f6cea1 Added documentation for the SSL interface, contributed by Gerhard Häring.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 18995
diff changeset
691
13386
3f08bedc1c26 Clean up markup to be more like recommended practice; only small changes
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 13178
diff changeset
692 \subsection{Example \label{socket-example}}
1471
2ec96140a36b Restructured library documentation
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
693
18995
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
694 Here are four minimal example programs using the TCP/IP protocol:\ a
1471
2ec96140a36b Restructured library documentation
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
695 server that echoes all data that it receives back (servicing only one
2ec96140a36b Restructured library documentation
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
696 client), and a client using it. Note that a server must perform the
7632
d22cf666fa2c Logical markup.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 7277
diff changeset
697 sequence \function{socket()}, \method{bind()}, \method{listen()},
d22cf666fa2c Logical markup.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 7277
diff changeset
698 \method{accept()} (possibly repeating the \method{accept()} to service
d22cf666fa2c Logical markup.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 7277
diff changeset
699 more than one client), while a client only needs the sequence
d22cf666fa2c Logical markup.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 7277
diff changeset
700 \function{socket()}, \method{connect()}. Also note that the server
d22cf666fa2c Logical markup.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 7277
diff changeset
701 does not \method{send()}/\method{recv()} on the
1471
2ec96140a36b Restructured library documentation
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
702 socket it is listening on but on the new socket returned by
7632
d22cf666fa2c Logical markup.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 7277
diff changeset
703 \method{accept()}.
1471
2ec96140a36b Restructured library documentation
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
704
18995
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
705 The first two examples support IPv4 only.
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
706
7277
bf4e790bd61a Remove all \bcode / \ecode cruft; this is no longer needed. See previous
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 7200
diff changeset
707 \begin{verbatim}
1471
2ec96140a36b Restructured library documentation
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
708 # Echo server program
15146
5cf0a02a574b Revise the examples not to use the "from socket import *", and adjust
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 14437
diff changeset
709 import socket
5cf0a02a574b Revise the examples not to use the "from socket import *", and adjust
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 14437
diff changeset
710
1471
2ec96140a36b Restructured library documentation
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
711 HOST = '' # Symbolic name meaning the local host
15146
5cf0a02a574b Revise the examples not to use the "from socket import *", and adjust
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 14437
diff changeset
712 PORT = 50007 # Arbitrary non-privileged port
5cf0a02a574b Revise the examples not to use the "from socket import *", and adjust
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 14437
diff changeset
713 s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
12571
8bcd14313c11 Someone found the examples of poor practice on socket addresses!
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 12230
diff changeset
714 s.bind((HOST, PORT))
1567
dddcba2038bc adapt to min value of 1 for listen() backlog argument
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents: 1483
diff changeset
715 s.listen(1)
1471
2ec96140a36b Restructured library documentation
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
716 conn, addr = s.accept()
2ec96140a36b Restructured library documentation
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
717 print 'Connected by', addr
2ec96140a36b Restructured library documentation
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
718 while 1:
2ec96140a36b Restructured library documentation
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
719 data = conn.recv(1024)
2ec96140a36b Restructured library documentation
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
720 if not data: break
2ec96140a36b Restructured library documentation
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
721 conn.send(data)
2ec96140a36b Restructured library documentation
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
722 conn.close()
7277
bf4e790bd61a Remove all \bcode / \ecode cruft; this is no longer needed. See previous
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 7200
diff changeset
723 \end{verbatim}
7632
d22cf666fa2c Logical markup.
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 7277
diff changeset
724
7277
bf4e790bd61a Remove all \bcode / \ecode cruft; this is no longer needed. See previous
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 7200
diff changeset
725 \begin{verbatim}
1471
2ec96140a36b Restructured library documentation
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
726 # Echo client program
15146
5cf0a02a574b Revise the examples not to use the "from socket import *", and adjust
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 14437
diff changeset
727 import socket
5cf0a02a574b Revise the examples not to use the "from socket import *", and adjust
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 14437
diff changeset
728
1471
2ec96140a36b Restructured library documentation
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
729 HOST = 'daring.cwi.nl' # The remote host
2ec96140a36b Restructured library documentation
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
730 PORT = 50007 # The same port as used by the server
15146
5cf0a02a574b Revise the examples not to use the "from socket import *", and adjust
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 14437
diff changeset
731 s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
12571
8bcd14313c11 Someone found the examples of poor practice on socket addresses!
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 12230
diff changeset
732 s.connect((HOST, PORT))
1471
2ec96140a36b Restructured library documentation
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
733 s.send('Hello, world')
2ec96140a36b Restructured library documentation
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
734 data = s.recv(1024)
2ec96140a36b Restructured library documentation
Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org>
parents:
diff changeset
735 s.close()
32231
525abc66bcc2 avoid backticks in examples; use repr() instead
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 31976
diff changeset
736 print 'Received', repr(data)
7277
bf4e790bd61a Remove all \bcode / \ecode cruft; this is no longer needed. See previous
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 7200
diff changeset
737 \end{verbatim}
18995
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
738
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
739 The next two examples are identical to the above two, but support both
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
740 IPv4 and IPv6.
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
741 The server side will listen to the first address family available
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
742 (it should listen to both instead).
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
743 On most of IPv6-ready systems, IPv6 will take precedence
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
744 and the server may not accept IPv4 traffic.
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
745 The client side will try to connect to the all addresses returned as a result
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
746 of the name resolution, and sends traffic to the first one connected
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
747 successfully.
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
748
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
749 \begin{verbatim}
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
750 # Echo server program
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
751 import socket
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
752 import sys
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
753
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
754 HOST = '' # Symbolic name meaning the local host
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
755 PORT = 50007 # Arbitrary non-privileged port
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
756 s = None
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
757 for res in socket.getaddrinfo(HOST, PORT, socket.AF_UNSPEC, socket.SOCK_STREAM, 0, socket.AI_PASSIVE):
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
758 af, socktype, proto, canonname, sa = res
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
759 try:
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
760 s = socket.socket(af, socktype, proto)
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
761 except socket.error, msg:
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
762 s = None
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
763 continue
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
764 try:
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
765 s.bind(sa)
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
766 s.listen(1)
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
767 except socket.error, msg:
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
768 s.close()
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
769 s = None
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
770 continue
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
771 break
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
772 if s is None:
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
773 print 'could not open socket'
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
774 sys.exit(1)
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
775 conn, addr = s.accept()
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
776 print 'Connected by', addr
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
777 while 1:
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
778 data = conn.recv(1024)
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
779 if not data: break
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
780 conn.send(data)
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
781 conn.close()
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
782 \end{verbatim}
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
783
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
784 \begin{verbatim}
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
785 # Echo client program
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
786 import socket
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
787 import sys
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
788
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
789 HOST = 'daring.cwi.nl' # The remote host
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
790 PORT = 50007 # The same port as used by the server
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
791 s = None
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
792 for res in socket.getaddrinfo(HOST, PORT, socket.AF_UNSPEC, socket.SOCK_STREAM):
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
793 af, socktype, proto, canonname, sa = res
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
794 try:
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
795 s = socket.socket(af, socktype, proto)
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
796 except socket.error, msg:
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
797 s = None
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
798 continue
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
799 try:
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
800 s.connect(sa)
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
801 except socket.error, msg:
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
802 s.close()
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
803 s = None
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
804 continue
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
805 break
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
806 if s is None:
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
807 print 'could not open socket'
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
808 sys.exit(1)
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
809 s.send('Hello, world')
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
810 data = s.recv(1024)
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
811 s.close()
32231
525abc66bcc2 avoid backticks in examples; use repr() instead
Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
parents: 31976
diff changeset
812 print 'Received', repr(data)
18995
805090ce328a Document IPv6 changes. Contributed by itojun.
Martin v. Löwis <martin@v.loewis.de>
parents: 15800
diff changeset
813 \end{verbatim}