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annotate Misc/python.man @ 2068:5227324d64e4 legacy-trunk
Added 1995 to copyright message; added a few people to acks again...
| author | Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> |
|---|---|
| date | Wed, 04 Jan 1995 19:21:21 +0000 |
| parents | 4def934ff75b |
| children | 2838db83d0ed |
| rev | line source |
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1 .TH PYTHON "4 January 1995" |
| 1529 | 2 .SH NAME |
| 3 python \- an interpreted, interactive, object-oriented programming language | |
| 4 .SH SYNOPSIS | |
| 5 .B python | |
| 6 [ | |
| 7 .I X11-options | |
| 8 ] | |
| 9 [ | |
| 10 .B \-d | |
| 11 ] | |
| 12 [ | |
| 13 .B \-i | |
| 14 ] | |
| 15 [ | |
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16 .B \-s |
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17 ] |
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18 [ |
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19 .B \-u |
| 1529 | 20 ] |
| 21 [ | |
| 22 .B \-v | |
| 23 ] | |
| 24 [ | |
| 25 .B \-c | |
| 26 .I command | |
| 27 | | |
| 28 .I script | |
| 29 | | |
| 30 \- | |
| 31 ] | |
| 32 [ | |
| 33 .I arguments | |
| 34 ] | |
| 35 .SH DESCRIPTION | |
| 36 Python is an interpreted, interactive, object-oriented programming | |
| 37 language that combines remarkable power with very clear syntax. | |
| 38 For an introduction to programming in Python you are referred to the | |
| 39 Python Tutorial. | |
| 40 The Python Library Reference documents built-in and standard types, | |
| 41 constants, functions and modules. | |
| 42 Finally, the Python Reference Manual describes the syntax and | |
| 43 semantics of the core language in (perhaps too) much detail. | |
| 44 .PP | |
| 45 Python's basic power can be extended with your own modules written in | |
| 46 C or C++. | |
| 47 On some (most?) systems such modules may be dynamically loaded. | |
| 48 Python is also adaptable as an extension language for existing | |
| 49 applications. | |
| 50 See the internal documentation for hints. | |
| 51 .SH COMMAND LINE OPTIONS | |
| 52 .TP | |
| 53 .B \-d | |
| 54 Turn on parser debugging output (for wizards only, depending on | |
| 55 compilation options). | |
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56 .TP |
| 1529 | 57 .B \-i |
| 58 When a script is passed as first argument or the \fB\-c\fP option is | |
| 59 used, enter interactive mode after executing the script or the | |
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60 command. It does not read the $PYTHONSTARTUP file. This can be |
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61 useful to inspect global variables or a stack trace when a script |
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62 raises an exception. |
| 1529 | 63 .TP |
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64 .B \-s |
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65 Suppresses the automatic printing of expressions entered in |
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66 interactive mode (useful when input is actually generated e.g. by |
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67 Emacs). |
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68 .TP |
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69 .B \-u |
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70 Force stdout and stderr to be totally unbuffered. |
| 1529 | 71 .TP |
| 72 .B \-v | |
| 73 Print a message each time a module is initialized, showing the place | |
| 74 (filename or built-in module) from which it is loaded. | |
| 75 .TP | |
| 76 .BI "\-c " command | |
| 77 Specify the command to execute (see next section). | |
| 78 This terminates the option list (following options are passed as | |
| 79 arguments to the command). | |
| 80 .PP | |
| 81 When the interpreter is configured to contain the | |
| 82 .I stdwin | |
| 83 built-in module for use with the X window system, additional command | |
| 84 line options common to most X applications are recognized (by STDWIN), | |
| 85 e.g. | |
| 86 .B \-display | |
| 87 .I displayname | |
| 88 and | |
| 89 .B \-geometry | |
| 90 .I widthxheight+x+y. | |
| 91 The complete set of options is described in the STDWIN documentation. | |
| 92 .SH INTERPRETER INTERFACE | |
| 93 The interpreter interface resembles that of the UNIX shell: when | |
| 94 called with standard input connected to a tty device, it prompts for | |
| 95 commands and executes them until an EOF is read; when called with a | |
| 96 file name argument or with a file as standard input, it reads and | |
| 97 executes a | |
| 98 .I script | |
| 99 from that file; | |
| 100 when called with | |
| 101 .B \-c | |
| 102 .I command, | |
| 103 it executes the Python statement(s) given as | |
| 104 .I command. | |
| 105 Here | |
| 106 .I command | |
| 107 may contain multiple statements separated by newlines. | |
| 108 Leading whitespace is significant in Python statements! | |
| 109 In non-interactive mode, the entire input is parsed befored it is | |
| 110 executed. | |
| 111 .PP | |
| 112 If available, the script name and additional arguments thereafter are | |
| 113 passed to the script in the Python variable | |
| 114 .I sys.argv , | |
| 115 which is a list of strings (you must first | |
| 116 .I import sys | |
| 117 to be able to access it). | |
| 118 If no script name is given, | |
| 119 .I sys.argv | |
| 120 is empty; if | |
| 121 .B \-c | |
| 122 is used, | |
| 123 .I sys.argv[0] | |
| 124 contains the string | |
| 125 .I '-c'. | |
| 126 Note that options interpreter by the Python interpreter or by STDWIN | |
| 127 are not placed in | |
| 128 .I sys.argv. | |
| 129 .PP | |
| 130 In interactive mode, the primary prompt is `>>>'; the second prompt | |
| 131 (which appears when a command is not complete) is `...'. | |
| 132 The prompts can be changed by assignment to | |
| 133 .I sys.ps1 | |
| 134 or | |
| 135 .I sys.ps2. | |
| 136 The interpreter quits when it reads an EOF at a prompt. | |
| 137 When an unhandled exception occurs, a stack trace is printed and | |
| 138 control returns to the primary prompt; in non-interactive mode, the | |
| 139 interpreter exits after printing the stack trace. | |
| 140 The interrupt signal raises the | |
| 141 .I Keyboard\%Interrupt | |
| 142 exception; other UNIX signals are not caught (except that SIGPIPE is | |
| 143 sometimes ignored, in favor of the | |
| 144 .I IOError | |
| 145 exception). Error messages are written to stderr. | |
| 146 .SH FILES AND DIRECTORIES | |
| 147 These are subject to difference depending on local installation | |
| 148 conventions: | |
| 149 .IP /usr/local/bin/python | |
| 150 Recommended location of the interpreter. | |
| 151 .IP /usr/local/lib/python | |
| 152 Recommended location of the directory containing the standard modules. | |
| 153 .SH ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES | |
| 154 .IP PYTHONPATH | |
| 155 Augments the default search path for module files. | |
| 156 The format is the same as the shell's $PATH: one or more directory | |
| 157 pathnames separated by colons. | |
| 158 Non-existant directories are silently ignored. | |
| 159 The default search path is installation dependent, but always begins | |
| 160 with `.', (for example, | |
| 161 .I .:/usr/local/lib/python ). | |
| 162 The default search path is appended to $PYTHONPATH. | |
| 163 The search path can be manipulated from within a Python program as the | |
| 164 variable | |
| 165 .I sys.path . | |
| 166 .IP PYTHONSTARTUP | |
| 167 If this is the name of a readable file, the Python commands in that | |
| 168 file are executed before the first prompt is displayed in interactive | |
| 169 mode. | |
| 170 The file is executed in the same name space where interactive commands | |
| 171 are executed so that objects defined or imported in it can be used | |
| 172 without qualification in the interactive session. | |
| 173 You can also change the prompts | |
| 174 .I sys.ps1 | |
| 175 and | |
| 176 .I sys.ps2 | |
| 177 in this file. | |
| 178 .IP PYTHONDEBUG | |
| 179 If this is set to a non-empty string it is equivalent to specifying | |
| 180 the \fB\-d\fP option. | |
| 181 .IP PYTHONINSPECT | |
| 182 If this is set to a non-empty string it is equivalent to specifying | |
| 183 the \fB\-i\fP option. | |
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184 .IP PYTHONSUPPRESS |
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185 If this is set to a non-empty string it is equivalent to specifying |
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186 the \fB\-s\fP option. |
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187 .IP PYTHONUNBUFFERED |
| 1529 | 188 If this is set to a non-empty string it is equivalent to specifying |
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189 the \fB\-u\fP option. |
| 1529 | 190 .IP PYTHONVERBOSE |
| 191 If this is set to a non-empty string it is equivalent to specifying | |
| 192 the \fB\-v\fP option. | |
| 193 .SH SEE ALSO | |
| 194 Python Tutorial | |
| 195 .br | |
| 196 Python Library Reference | |
| 197 .br | |
| 198 Python Reference Manual | |
| 199 .br | |
| 200 STDWIN under X11 | |
| 201 .SH BUGS AND CAVEATS | |
| 202 The first time | |
| 203 .I stdwin | |
| 204 is imported, it initializes the STDWIN library. | |
| 205 If this initialization fails, e.g. because the display connection | |
| 206 fails, the interpreter aborts immediately. | |
| 207 .SH AUTHOR | |
| 208 .nf | |
| 209 Guido van Rossum | |
| 210 CWI (Centrum voor Wiskunde en Informatica) | |
| 211 P.O. Box 4079 | |
| 212 1009 AB Amsterdam | |
| 213 The Netherlands | |
| 214 .PP | |
| 215 E-mail: Guido.van.Rossum@cwi.nl | |
| 216 .fi | |
| 217 .SH MAILING LIST | |
| 218 There is a mailing list devoted to Python programming, bugs and | |
| 219 design. | |
| 220 To subscribe, send mail containing your real name and e-mail address | |
| 221 in Internet form to | |
| 222 .I python-list-request@cwi.nl. | |
| 223 .SH COPYRIGHT | |
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224 Copyright 1991-1995 by Stichting Mathematisch Centrum, Amsterdam, |
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225 The Netherlands. |
| 1529 | 226 .IP " " |
| 227 All Rights Reserved | |
| 228 .PP | |
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229 Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and its |
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230 documentation for any purpose and without fee is hereby granted, |
| 1529 | 231 provided that the above copyright notice appear in all copies and that |
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232 both that copyright notice and this permission notice appear in |
| 1529 | 233 supporting documentation, and that the names of Stichting Mathematisch |
| 234 Centrum or CWI not be used in advertising or publicity pertaining to | |
| 235 distribution of the software without specific, written prior permission. | |
| 236 | |
| 237 STICHTING MATHEMATISCH CENTRUM DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO | |
| 238 THIS SOFTWARE, INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND | |
| 239 FITNESS, IN NO EVENT SHALL STICHTING MATHEMATISCH CENTRUM BE LIABLE | |
| 240 FOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES | |
| 241 WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN | |
| 242 ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT | |
| 243 OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE. |