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Use {seealso} environment to refer to the struct module. Document ArrayType. Use {memberdesc} and {methoddesc} environments, as appropriate. Minor nits.
author Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
date Fri, 03 Apr 1998 03:35:24 +0000
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children 8e5223680a9d
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1 \section{Built-in Module \sectcode{array}}
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2 \label{module-array}
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3 \bimodindex{array}
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4 \index{arrays}
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5
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6 This module defines a new object type which can efficiently represent
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7 an array of basic values: characters, integers, floating point
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8 numbers. Arrays are sequence types and behave very much like lists,
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9 except that the type of objects stored in them is constrained. The
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10 type is specified at object creation time by using a \dfn{type code},
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11 which is a single character. The following type codes are defined:
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12
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13 \begin{tableiii}{|c|c|c|}{character}{Type code}{Type}{Minimum size in bytes}
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14 \lineiii{'c'}{character}{1}
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15 \lineiii{'b'}{signed integer}{1}
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16 \lineiii{'B'}{unsigned integer}{1}
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17 \lineiii{'h'}{signed integer}{2}
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18 \lineiii{'H'}{unsigned integer}{2}
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19 \lineiii{'i'}{signed integer}{2}
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20 \lineiii{'I'}{unsigned integer}{2}
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21 \lineiii{'l'}{signed integer}{4}
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22 \lineiii{'L'}{unsigned integer}{4}
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23 \lineiii{'f'}{floating point}{4}
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24 \lineiii{'d'}{floating point}{8}
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25 \end{tableiii}
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26
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27 The actual representation of values is determined by the machine
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28 architecture (strictly speaking, by the \C{} implementation). The actual
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29 size can be accessed through the \var{itemsize} attribute. The values
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30 stored for \code{'L'} and \code{'I'} items will be represented as
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31 Python long integers when retrieved, because Python's plain integer
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32 type cannot represent the full range of \C{}'s unsigned (long) integers.
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33
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34
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35 The module defines the following function and type object:
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36
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37 \begin{funcdesc}{array}{typecode\optional{, initializer}}
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38 Return a new array whose items are restricted by \var{typecode}, and
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39 initialized from the optional \var{initializer} value, which must be a
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40 list or a string. The list or string is passed to the new array's
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41 \method{fromlist()} or \method{fromstring()} method (see below) to add
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42 initial items to the array.
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43 \end{funcdesc}
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44
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45 \begin{datadesc}{ArrayType}
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46 Type object corresponding to the objects returned by
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47 \function{array()}.
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48 \end{datadesc}
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49
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50
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51 Array objects support the following data items and methods:
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52
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53 \begin{memberdesc}[array]{typecode}
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54 The typecode character used to create the array.
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55 \end{memberdesc}
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56
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57 \begin{memberdesc}[array]{itemsize}
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58 The length in bytes of one array item in the internal representation.
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59 \end{memberdesc}
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60
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61
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62 \begin{methoddesc}[array]{append}{x}
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63 Append a new item with value \var{x} to the end of the array.
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64 \end{methoddesc}
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65
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66 \begin{methoddesc}[array]{buffer_info}{}
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67 Return a tuple \code{(\var{address}, \var{length})} giving the current
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68 memory address and the length in bytes of the buffer used to hold
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69 array's contents. This is occasionally useful when working with
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70 low-level (and inherently unsafe) I/O interfaces that require memory
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71 addresses, such as certain \cfunction{ioctl()} operations. The returned
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72 numbers are valid as long as the array exists and no length-changing
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73 operations are applied to it.
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74 \end{methoddesc}
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75
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76 \begin{methoddesc}[array]{byteswap}{x}
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77 ``Byteswap'' all items of the array. This is only supported for
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78 integer values. It is useful when reading data from a file written
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79 on a machine with a different byte order.
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80 \end{methoddesc}
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81
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82 \begin{methoddesc}[array]{fromfile}{f, n}
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83 Read \var{n} items (as machine values) from the file object \var{f}
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84 and append them to the end of the array. If less than \var{n} items
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85 are available, \exception{EOFError} is raised, but the items that were
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86 available are still inserted into the array. \var{f} must be a real
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87 built-in file object; something else with a \method{read()} method won't
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88 do.
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89 \end{methoddesc}
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90
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91 \begin{methoddesc}[array]{fromlist}{list}
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92 Append items from the list. This is equivalent to
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93 \samp{for x in \var{list}:\ a.append(x)}
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94 except that if there is a type error, the array is unchanged.
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95 \end{methoddesc}
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96
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97 \begin{methoddesc}[array]{fromstring}{s}
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98 Appends items from the string, interpreting the string as an
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99 array of machine values (i.e. as if it had been read from a
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100 file using the \method{fromfile()} method).
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101 \end{methoddesc}
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102
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103 \begin{methoddesc}[array]{insert}{i, x}
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104 Insert a new item with value \var{x} in the array before position
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105 \var{i}.
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106 \end{methoddesc}
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107
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108 \begin{methoddesc}[array]{read}{f, n}
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109 \deprecated {1.5.1}
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110 {Use the \method{fromfile()} method.}
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111 Read \var{n} items (as machine values) from the file object \var{f}
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112 and append them to the end of the array. If less than \var{n} items
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113 are available, \exception{EOFError} is raised, but the items that were
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114 available are still inserted into the array. \var{f} must be a real
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115 built-in file object; something else with a \method{read()} method won't
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116 do.
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117 \end{methoddesc}
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118
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119 \begin{methoddesc}[array]{reverse}{}
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120 Reverse the order of the items in the array.
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121 \end{methoddesc}
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122
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123 \begin{methoddesc}[array]{tofile}{f}
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124 Write all items (as machine values) to the file object \var{f}.
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125 \end{methoddesc}
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126
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127 \begin{methoddesc}[array]{tolist}{}
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128 Convert the array to an ordinary list with the same items.
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129 \end{methoddesc}
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130
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131 \begin{methoddesc}[array]{tostring}{}
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132 Convert the array to an array of machine values and return the
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133 string representation (the same sequence of bytes that would
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134 be written to a file by the \method{tofile()} method.)
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135 \end{methoddesc}
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136
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137 \begin{methoddesc}[array]{write}{f}
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138 \deprecated {1.5.1}
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139 {Use the \method{tofile()} method.}
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140 Write all items (as machine values) to the file object \var{f}.
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141 \end{methoddesc}
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142
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143 When an array object is printed or converted to a string, it is
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144 represented as \code{array(\var{typecode}, \var{initializer})}. The
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145 \var{initializer} is omitted if the array is empty, otherwise it is a
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146 string if the \var{typecode} is \code{'c'}, otherwise it is a list of
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147 numbers. The string is guaranteed to be able to be converted back to
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148 an array with the same type and value using reverse quotes
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149 (\code{``}). Examples:
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150
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151 \begin{verbatim}
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152 array('l')
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153 array('c', 'hello world')
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154 array('l', [1, 2, 3, 4, 5])
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155 array('d', [1.0, 2.0, 3.14])
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156 \end{verbatim}
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157
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158
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159 \begin{seealso}
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160 \seemodule{struct}{Packing and unpacking of heterogeneous binary data.}
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161 \end{seealso}