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annotate Doc/library/basehttpserver.rst @ 80661:94de77bd0b4b 2.7

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Issue #16194: document imp.load_dynamic problems when read several extension modules from the same binary object file.
author Andrew Svetlov <andrew.svetlov@gmail.com>
date Thu, 29 Nov 2012 19:51:28 +0200
parents 8aab13719c02
children
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1 :mod:`BaseHTTPServer` --- Basic HTTP server
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2 ===========================================
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3
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4 .. module:: BaseHTTPServer
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5 :synopsis: Basic HTTP server (base class for SimpleHTTPServer and CGIHTTPServer).
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7 .. note::
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8 The :mod:`BaseHTTPServer` module has been merged into :mod:`http.server` in
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9 Python 3. The :term:`2to3` tool will automatically adapt imports when
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10 converting your sources to Python 3.
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13 .. index::
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14 pair: WWW; server
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15 pair: HTTP; protocol
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16 single: URL
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17 single: httpd
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18 module: SimpleHTTPServer
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19 module: CGIHTTPServer
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20
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21 **Source code:** :source:`Lib/BaseHTTPServer.py`
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22
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23 --------------
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24
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25 This module defines two classes for implementing HTTP servers (Web servers).
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26 Usually, this module isn't used directly, but is used as a basis for building
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27 functioning Web servers. See the :mod:`SimpleHTTPServer` and
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28 :mod:`CGIHTTPServer` modules.
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30 The first class, :class:`HTTPServer`, is a :class:`SocketServer.TCPServer`
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31 subclass, and therefore implements the :class:`SocketServer.BaseServer`
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32 interface. It creates and listens at the HTTP socket, dispatching the requests
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33 to a handler. Code to create and run the server looks like this::
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35 def run(server_class=BaseHTTPServer.HTTPServer,
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36 handler_class=BaseHTTPServer.BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
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37 server_address = ('', 8000)
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38 httpd = server_class(server_address, handler_class)
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39 httpd.serve_forever()
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42 .. class:: HTTPServer(server_address, RequestHandlerClass)
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44 This class builds on the :class:`TCPServer` class by storing the server
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45 address as instance variables named :attr:`server_name` and
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46 :attr:`server_port`. The server is accessible by the handler, typically
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47 through the handler's :attr:`server` instance variable.
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50 .. class:: BaseHTTPRequestHandler(request, client_address, server)
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51
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52 This class is used to handle the HTTP requests that arrive at the server. By
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53 itself, it cannot respond to any actual HTTP requests; it must be subclassed
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54 to handle each request method (e.g. GET or
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55 POST). :class:`BaseHTTPRequestHandler` provides a number of class and
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56 instance variables, and methods for use by subclasses.
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58 The handler will parse the request and the headers, then call a method
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59 specific to the request type. The method name is constructed from the
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60 request. For example, for the request method ``SPAM``, the :meth:`do_SPAM`
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61 method will be called with no arguments. All of the relevant information is
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62 stored in instance variables of the handler. Subclasses should not need to
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63 override or extend the :meth:`__init__` method.
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65 :class:`BaseHTTPRequestHandler` has the following instance variables:
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68 .. attribute:: client_address
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70 Contains a tuple of the form ``(host, port)`` referring to the client's
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71 address.
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74 .. attribute:: server
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75
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76 Contains the server instance.
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78
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79 .. attribute:: command
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81 Contains the command (request type). For example, ``'GET'``.
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83
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84 .. attribute:: path
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86 Contains the request path.
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88
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89 .. attribute:: request_version
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91 Contains the version string from the request. For example, ``'HTTP/1.0'``.
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93
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94 .. attribute:: headers
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95
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96 Holds an instance of the class specified by the :attr:`MessageClass` class
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97 variable. This instance parses and manages the headers in the HTTP
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98 request.
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100
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101 .. attribute:: rfile
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102
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103 Contains an input stream, positioned at the start of the optional input
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104 data.
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107 .. attribute:: wfile
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108
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109 Contains the output stream for writing a response back to the
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110 client. Proper adherence to the HTTP protocol must be used when writing to
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111 this stream.
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112
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114 :class:`BaseHTTPRequestHandler` has the following class variables:
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116
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117 .. attribute:: server_version
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118
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119 Specifies the server software version. You may want to override this. The
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120 format is multiple whitespace-separated strings, where each string is of
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121 the form name[/version]. For example, ``'BaseHTTP/0.2'``.
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124 .. attribute:: sys_version
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125
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126 Contains the Python system version, in a form usable by the
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127 :attr:`version_string` method and the :attr:`server_version` class
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128 variable. For example, ``'Python/1.4'``.
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131 .. attribute:: error_message_format
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133 Specifies a format string for building an error response to the client. It
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134 uses parenthesized, keyed format specifiers, so the format operand must be
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135 a dictionary. The *code* key should be an integer, specifying the numeric
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136 HTTP error code value. *message* should be a string containing a
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137 (detailed) error message of what occurred, and *explain* should be an
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138 explanation of the error code number. Default *message* and *explain*
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139 values can found in the *responses* class variable.
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140
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141
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142 .. attribute:: error_content_type
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143
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144 Specifies the Content-Type HTTP header of error responses sent to the
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145 client. The default value is ``'text/html'``.
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146
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147 .. versionadded:: 2.6
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148 Previously, the content type was always ``'text/html'``.
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149
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150
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151 .. attribute:: protocol_version
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152
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153 This specifies the HTTP protocol version used in responses. If set to
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154 ``'HTTP/1.1'``, the server will permit HTTP persistent connections;
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155 however, your server *must* then include an accurate ``Content-Length``
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156 header (using :meth:`send_header`) in all of its responses to clients.
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157 For backwards compatibility, the setting defaults to ``'HTTP/1.0'``.
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158
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159
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160 .. attribute:: MessageClass
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161
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162 .. index:: single: Message (in module mimetools)
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163
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164 Specifies a :class:`rfc822.Message`\ -like class to parse HTTP headers.
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165 Typically, this is not overridden, and it defaults to
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166 :class:`mimetools.Message`.
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167
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168
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169 .. attribute:: responses
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170
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171 This variable contains a mapping of error code integers to two-element tuples
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172 containing a short and long message. For example, ``{code: (shortmessage,
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173 longmessage)}``. The *shortmessage* is usually used as the *message* key in an
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174 error response, and *longmessage* as the *explain* key (see the
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175 :attr:`error_message_format` class variable).
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176
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177
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178 A :class:`BaseHTTPRequestHandler` instance has the following methods:
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179
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180
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181 .. method:: handle()
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182
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183 Calls :meth:`handle_one_request` once (or, if persistent connections are
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184 enabled, multiple times) to handle incoming HTTP requests. You should
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185 never need to override it; instead, implement appropriate :meth:`do_\*`
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186 methods.
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187
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188
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189 .. method:: handle_one_request()
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190
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191 This method will parse and dispatch the request to the appropriate
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192 :meth:`do_\*` method. You should never need to override it.
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193
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194
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195 .. method:: send_error(code[, message])
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196
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197 Sends and logs a complete error reply to the client. The numeric *code*
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198 specifies the HTTP error code, with *message* as optional, more specific text. A
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199 complete set of headers is sent, followed by text composed using the
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200 :attr:`error_message_format` class variable.
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201
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202
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203 .. method:: send_response(code[, message])
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204
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205 Sends a response header and logs the accepted request. The HTTP response
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206 line is sent, followed by *Server* and *Date* headers. The values for
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207 these two headers are picked up from the :meth:`version_string` and
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208 :meth:`date_time_string` methods, respectively.
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209
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210
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211 .. method:: send_header(keyword, value)
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212
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213 Writes a specific HTTP header to the output stream. *keyword* should
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214 specify the header keyword, with *value* specifying its value.
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215
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216
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217 .. method:: end_headers()
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218
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219 Sends a blank line, indicating the end of the HTTP headers in the
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220 response.
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221
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222
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223 .. method:: log_request([code[, size]])
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224
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225 Logs an accepted (successful) request. *code* should specify the numeric
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226 HTTP code associated with the response. If a size of the response is
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227 available, then it should be passed as the *size* parameter.
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228
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229
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230 .. method:: log_error(...)
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231
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232 Logs an error when a request cannot be fulfilled. By default, it passes
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233 the message to :meth:`log_message`, so it takes the same arguments
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234 (*format* and additional values).
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235
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236
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237 .. method:: log_message(format, ...)
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238
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239 Logs an arbitrary message to ``sys.stderr``. This is typically overridden
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240 to create custom error logging mechanisms. The *format* argument is a
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241 standard printf-style format string, where the additional arguments to
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242 :meth:`log_message` are applied as inputs to the formatting. The client
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243 ip address and current date and time are prefixed to every message logged.
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244
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245
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246 .. method:: version_string()
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247
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248 Returns the server software's version string. This is a combination of the
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249 :attr:`server_version` and :attr:`sys_version` class variables.
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250
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251
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252 .. method:: date_time_string([timestamp])
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253
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254 Returns the date and time given by *timestamp* (which must be in the
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255 format returned by :func:`time.time`), formatted for a message header. If
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256 *timestamp* is omitted, it uses the current date and time.
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257
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258 The result looks like ``'Sun, 06 Nov 1994 08:49:37 GMT'``.
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259
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260 .. versionadded:: 2.5
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261 The *timestamp* parameter.
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262
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263
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264 .. method:: log_date_time_string()
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265
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266 Returns the current date and time, formatted for logging.
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267
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268
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269 .. method:: address_string()
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270
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271 Returns the client address, formatted for logging. A name lookup is
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272 performed on the client's IP address.
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273
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274
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275 More examples
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276 -------------
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277
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278 To create a server that doesn't run forever, but until some condition is
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279 fulfilled::
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280
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281 def run_while_true(server_class=BaseHTTPServer.HTTPServer,
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282 handler_class=BaseHTTPServer.BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
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283 """
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284 This assumes that keep_running() is a function of no arguments which
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285 is tested initially and after each request. If its return value
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286 is true, the server continues.
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287 """
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288 server_address = ('', 8000)
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289 httpd = server_class(server_address, handler_class)
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290 while keep_running():
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291 httpd.handle_request()
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292
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293
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294 .. seealso::
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295
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296 Module :mod:`CGIHTTPServer`
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297 Extended request handler that supports CGI scripts.
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298
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299 Module :mod:`SimpleHTTPServer`
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300 Basic request handler that limits response to files actually under the
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301 document root.
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302