cpython-lru_cache-weakref: Doc/lib/libparser.tex annotate

annotate Doc/lib/libparser.tex @ 10245:bdbfe0ec970f legacy-trunk

Use more current approach to recording authors.

author	Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org>
date	Fri, 19 Feb 1999 22:56:08 +0000
parents	acfffe14628e
children	e4e800a78d8d

rev	line source
3198 21cd50a4a3f7 Fred Drake's parser module Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: diff changeset	1 % libparser.tex
21cd50a4a3f7 Fred Drake's parser module Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: diff changeset	2 %
21cd50a4a3f7 Fred Drake's parser module Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: diff changeset	3 % Copyright 1995 Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
21cd50a4a3f7 Fred Drake's parser module Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: diff changeset	4 % and Fred L. Drake, Jr. This copyright notice must be distributed on
21cd50a4a3f7 Fred Drake's parser module Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: diff changeset	5 % all copies, but this document otherwise may be distributed as part
21cd50a4a3f7 Fred Drake's parser module Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: diff changeset	6 % of the Python distribution. No fee may be charged for this document
21cd50a4a3f7 Fred Drake's parser module Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: diff changeset	7 % in any representation, either on paper or electronically. This
21cd50a4a3f7 Fred Drake's parser module Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: diff changeset	8 % restriction does not affect other elements in a distributed package
21cd50a4a3f7 Fred Drake's parser module Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: diff changeset	9 % in any way.
21cd50a4a3f7 Fred Drake's parser module Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: diff changeset	10 %
21cd50a4a3f7 Fred Drake's parser module Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: diff changeset	11
8918 acfffe14628e New section header style. Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 8716 diff changeset	12 \section{\module{parser} ---
10245 bdbfe0ec970f Use more current approach to recording authors. Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 8918 diff changeset	13 Access parse trees for Python code}
bdbfe0ec970f Use more current approach to recording authors. Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 8918 diff changeset	14
8716 760dcf197048 Adjusted to use the new module synopsis support macros. Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 8040 diff changeset	15 \declaremodule{builtin}{parser}
10245 bdbfe0ec970f Use more current approach to recording authors. Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 8918 diff changeset	16 \modulesynopsis{Access parse trees for Python source code.}
8918 acfffe14628e New section header style. Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 8716 diff changeset	17 \moduleauthor{Fred L. Drake, Jr.}{fdrake@acm.org}
acfffe14628e New section header style. Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 8716 diff changeset	18 \sectionauthor{Fred L. Drake, Jr.}{fdrake@acm.org}
8716 760dcf197048 Adjusted to use the new module synopsis support macros. Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 8040 diff changeset	19
760dcf197048 Adjusted to use the new module synopsis support macros. Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 8040 diff changeset	20
7223 9dde07a593d8 Add some index entries; switch to logical markup. Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7050 diff changeset	21 \index{parsing!Python source code}
3198 21cd50a4a3f7 Fred Drake's parser module Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: diff changeset	22
7223 9dde07a593d8 Add some index entries; switch to logical markup. Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7050 diff changeset	23 The \module{parser} module provides an interface to Python's internal
3198 21cd50a4a3f7 Fred Drake's parser module Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: diff changeset	24 parser and byte-code compiler. The primary purpose for this interface
21cd50a4a3f7 Fred Drake's parser module Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: diff changeset	25 is to allow Python code to edit the parse tree of a Python expression
4286 db35d2b93eba (libparser.tex): Revised parser module documentation; improved logical Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 4132 diff changeset	26 and create executable code from this. This is better than trying
db35d2b93eba (libparser.tex): Revised parser module documentation; improved logical Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 4132 diff changeset	27 to parse and modify an arbitrary Python code fragment as a string
db35d2b93eba (libparser.tex): Revised parser module documentation; improved logical Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 4132 diff changeset	28 because parsing is performed in a manner identical to the code
db35d2b93eba (libparser.tex): Revised parser module documentation; improved logical Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 4132 diff changeset	29 forming the application. It is also faster.
3198 21cd50a4a3f7 Fred Drake's parser module Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: diff changeset	30
21cd50a4a3f7 Fred Drake's parser module Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: diff changeset	31 There are a few things to note about this module which are important
21cd50a4a3f7 Fred Drake's parser module Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: diff changeset	32 to making use of the data structures created. This is not a tutorial
4286 db35d2b93eba (libparser.tex): Revised parser module documentation; improved logical Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 4132 diff changeset	33 on editing the parse trees for Python code, but some examples of using
7223 9dde07a593d8 Add some index entries; switch to logical markup. Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7050 diff changeset	34 the \module{parser} module are presented.
3198 21cd50a4a3f7 Fred Drake's parser module Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: diff changeset	35
21cd50a4a3f7 Fred Drake's parser module Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: diff changeset	36 Most importantly, a good understanding of the Python grammar processed
21cd50a4a3f7 Fred Drake's parser module Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: diff changeset	37 by the internal parser is required. For full information on the
7223 9dde07a593d8 Add some index entries; switch to logical markup. Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7050 diff changeset	38 language syntax, refer to the \emph{Python Language Reference}. The
9dde07a593d8 Add some index entries; switch to logical markup. Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7050 diff changeset	39 parser itself is created from a grammar specification defined in the file
4286 db35d2b93eba (libparser.tex): Revised parser module documentation; improved logical Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 4132 diff changeset	40 \file{Grammar/Grammar} in the standard Python distribution. The parse
7607 00ad309bd508 Nits. Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7457 diff changeset	41 trees stored in the AST objects created by this module are the
3198 21cd50a4a3f7 Fred Drake's parser module Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: diff changeset	42 actual output from the internal parser when created by the
7223 9dde07a593d8 Add some index entries; switch to logical markup. Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7050 diff changeset	43 \function{expr()} or \function{suite()} functions, described below. The AST
9dde07a593d8 Add some index entries; switch to logical markup. Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7050 diff changeset	44 objects created by \function{sequence2ast()} faithfully simulate those
4084 7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	45 structures. Be aware that the values of the sequences which are
7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	46 considered ``correct'' will vary from one version of Python to another
7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	47 as the formal grammar for the language is revised. However,
7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	48 transporting code from one Python version to another as source text
7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	49 will always allow correct parse trees to be created in the target
7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	50 version, with the only restriction being that migrating to an older
7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	51 version of the interpreter will not support more recent language
7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	52 constructs. The parse trees are not typically compatible from one
7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	53 version to another, whereas source code has always been
7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	54 forward-compatible.
3198 21cd50a4a3f7 Fred Drake's parser module Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: diff changeset	55
7223 9dde07a593d8 Add some index entries; switch to logical markup. Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7050 diff changeset	56 Each element of the sequences returned by \function{ast2list()} or
9dde07a593d8 Add some index entries; switch to logical markup. Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7050 diff changeset	57 \function{ast2tuple()} has a simple form. Sequences representing
4084 7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	58 non-terminal elements in the grammar always have a length greater than
7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	59 one. The first element is an integer which identifies a production in
7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	60 the grammar. These integers are given symbolic names in the C header
4286 db35d2b93eba (libparser.tex): Revised parser module documentation; improved logical Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 4132 diff changeset	61 file \file{Include/graminit.h} and the Python module
7223 9dde07a593d8 Add some index entries; switch to logical markup. Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7050 diff changeset	62 \module{symbol}. Each additional element of the sequence represents
4084 7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	63 a component of the production as recognized in the input string: these
7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	64 are always sequences which have the same form as the parent. An
7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	65 important aspect of this structure which should be noted is that
7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	66 keywords used to identify the parent node type, such as the keyword
7223 9dde07a593d8 Add some index entries; switch to logical markup. Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7050 diff changeset	67 \keyword{if} in an \constant{if_stmt}, are included in the node tree without
9dde07a593d8 Add some index entries; switch to logical markup. Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7050 diff changeset	68 any special treatment. For example, the \keyword{if} keyword is
3198 21cd50a4a3f7 Fred Drake's parser module Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: diff changeset	69 represented by the tuple \code{(1, 'if')}, where \code{1} is the
4286 db35d2b93eba (libparser.tex): Revised parser module documentation; improved logical Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 4132 diff changeset	70 numeric value associated with all \code{NAME} tokens, including
4084 7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	71 variable and function names defined by the user. In an alternate form
7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	72 returned when line number information is requested, the same token
7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	73 might be represented as \code{(1, 'if', 12)}, where the \code{12}
7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	74 represents the line number at which the terminal symbol was found.
3198 21cd50a4a3f7 Fred Drake's parser module Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: diff changeset	75
21cd50a4a3f7 Fred Drake's parser module Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: diff changeset	76 Terminal elements are represented in much the same way, but without
21cd50a4a3f7 Fred Drake's parser module Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: diff changeset	77 any child elements and the addition of the source text which was
7223 9dde07a593d8 Add some index entries; switch to logical markup. Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7050 diff changeset	78 identified. The example of the \keyword{if} keyword above is
3198 21cd50a4a3f7 Fred Drake's parser module Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: diff changeset	79 representative. The various types of terminal symbols are defined in
4286 db35d2b93eba (libparser.tex): Revised parser module documentation; improved logical Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 4132 diff changeset	80 the C header file \file{Include/token.h} and the Python module
7223 9dde07a593d8 Add some index entries; switch to logical markup. Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7050 diff changeset	81 \module{token}.
3198 21cd50a4a3f7 Fred Drake's parser module Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: diff changeset	82
4286 db35d2b93eba (libparser.tex): Revised parser module documentation; improved logical Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 4132 diff changeset	83 The AST objects are not required to support the functionality of this
db35d2b93eba (libparser.tex): Revised parser module documentation; improved logical Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 4132 diff changeset	84 module, but are provided for three purposes: to allow an application
db35d2b93eba (libparser.tex): Revised parser module documentation; improved logical Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 4132 diff changeset	85 to amortize the cost of processing complex parse trees, to provide a
db35d2b93eba (libparser.tex): Revised parser module documentation; improved logical Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 4132 diff changeset	86 parse tree representation which conserves memory space when compared
db35d2b93eba (libparser.tex): Revised parser module documentation; improved logical Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 4132 diff changeset	87 to the Python list or tuple representation, and to ease the creation
db35d2b93eba (libparser.tex): Revised parser module documentation; improved logical Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 4132 diff changeset	88 of additional modules in C which manipulate parse trees. A simple
db35d2b93eba (libparser.tex): Revised parser module documentation; improved logical Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 4132 diff changeset	89 ``wrapper'' class may be created in Python to hide the use of AST
7223 9dde07a593d8 Add some index entries; switch to logical markup. Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7050 diff changeset	90 objects.
3198 21cd50a4a3f7 Fred Drake's parser module Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: diff changeset	91
7223 9dde07a593d8 Add some index entries; switch to logical markup. Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7050 diff changeset	92 The \module{parser} module defines functions for a few distinct
4286 db35d2b93eba (libparser.tex): Revised parser module documentation; improved logical Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 4132 diff changeset	93 purposes. The most important purposes are to create AST objects and
db35d2b93eba (libparser.tex): Revised parser module documentation; improved logical Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 4132 diff changeset	94 to convert AST objects to other representations such as parse trees
db35d2b93eba (libparser.tex): Revised parser module documentation; improved logical Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 4132 diff changeset	95 and compiled code objects, but there are also functions which serve to
db35d2b93eba (libparser.tex): Revised parser module documentation; improved logical Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 4132 diff changeset	96 query the type of parse tree represented by an AST object.
3198 21cd50a4a3f7 Fred Drake's parser module Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: diff changeset	97
4286 db35d2b93eba (libparser.tex): Revised parser module documentation; improved logical Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 4132 diff changeset	98
db35d2b93eba (libparser.tex): Revised parser module documentation; improved logical Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 4132 diff changeset	99 \subsection{Creating AST Objects}
7423 6e73f4168b06 Added \label{}s for logical addressing. Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7363 diff changeset	100 \label{Creating ASTs}
4286 db35d2b93eba (libparser.tex): Revised parser module documentation; improved logical Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 4132 diff changeset	101
db35d2b93eba (libparser.tex): Revised parser module documentation; improved logical Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 4132 diff changeset	102 AST objects may be created from source code or from a parse tree.
db35d2b93eba (libparser.tex): Revised parser module documentation; improved logical Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 4132 diff changeset	103 When creating an AST object from source, different functions are used
db35d2b93eba (libparser.tex): Revised parser module documentation; improved logical Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 4132 diff changeset	104 to create the \code{'eval'} and \code{'exec'} forms.
db35d2b93eba (libparser.tex): Revised parser module documentation; improved logical Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 4132 diff changeset	105
db35d2b93eba (libparser.tex): Revised parser module documentation; improved logical Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 4132 diff changeset	106 \begin{funcdesc}{expr}{string}
7223 9dde07a593d8 Add some index entries; switch to logical markup. Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7050 diff changeset	107 The \function{expr()} function parses the parameter \code{\var{string}}
9dde07a593d8 Add some index entries; switch to logical markup. Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7050 diff changeset	108 as if it were an input to \samp{compile(\var{string}, 'eval')}. If
4286 db35d2b93eba (libparser.tex): Revised parser module documentation; improved logical Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 4132 diff changeset	109 the parse succeeds, an AST object is created to hold the internal
db35d2b93eba (libparser.tex): Revised parser module documentation; improved logical Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 4132 diff changeset	110 parse tree representation, otherwise an appropriate exception is
db35d2b93eba (libparser.tex): Revised parser module documentation; improved logical Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 4132 diff changeset	111 thrown.
db35d2b93eba (libparser.tex): Revised parser module documentation; improved logical Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 4132 diff changeset	112 \end{funcdesc}
db35d2b93eba (libparser.tex): Revised parser module documentation; improved logical Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 4132 diff changeset	113
db35d2b93eba (libparser.tex): Revised parser module documentation; improved logical Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 4132 diff changeset	114 \begin{funcdesc}{suite}{string}
7223 9dde07a593d8 Add some index entries; switch to logical markup. Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7050 diff changeset	115 The \function{suite()} function parses the parameter \code{\var{string}}
9dde07a593d8 Add some index entries; switch to logical markup. Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7050 diff changeset	116 as if it were an input to \samp{compile(\var{string}, 'exec')}. If
4286 db35d2b93eba (libparser.tex): Revised parser module documentation; improved logical Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 4132 diff changeset	117 the parse succeeds, an AST object is created to hold the internal
db35d2b93eba (libparser.tex): Revised parser module documentation; improved logical Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 4132 diff changeset	118 parse tree representation, otherwise an appropriate exception is
db35d2b93eba (libparser.tex): Revised parser module documentation; improved logical Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 4132 diff changeset	119 thrown.
db35d2b93eba (libparser.tex): Revised parser module documentation; improved logical Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 4132 diff changeset	120 \end{funcdesc}
db35d2b93eba (libparser.tex): Revised parser module documentation; improved logical Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 4132 diff changeset	121
db35d2b93eba (libparser.tex): Revised parser module documentation; improved logical Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 4132 diff changeset	122 \begin{funcdesc}{sequence2ast}{sequence}
db35d2b93eba (libparser.tex): Revised parser module documentation; improved logical Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 4132 diff changeset	123 This function accepts a parse tree represented as a sequence and
db35d2b93eba (libparser.tex): Revised parser module documentation; improved logical Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 4132 diff changeset	124 builds an internal representation if possible. If it can validate
db35d2b93eba (libparser.tex): Revised parser module documentation; improved logical Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 4132 diff changeset	125 that the tree conforms to the Python grammar and all nodes are valid
db35d2b93eba (libparser.tex): Revised parser module documentation; improved logical Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 4132 diff changeset	126 node types in the host version of Python, an AST object is created
db35d2b93eba (libparser.tex): Revised parser module documentation; improved logical Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 4132 diff changeset	127 from the internal representation and returned to the called. If there
db35d2b93eba (libparser.tex): Revised parser module documentation; improved logical Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 4132 diff changeset	128 is a problem creating the internal representation, or if the tree
7223 9dde07a593d8 Add some index entries; switch to logical markup. Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7050 diff changeset	129 cannot be validated, a \exception{ParserError} exception is thrown. An AST
4286 db35d2b93eba (libparser.tex): Revised parser module documentation; improved logical Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 4132 diff changeset	130 object created this way should not be assumed to compile correctly;
db35d2b93eba (libparser.tex): Revised parser module documentation; improved logical Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 4132 diff changeset	131 normal exceptions thrown by compilation may still be initiated when
7223 9dde07a593d8 Add some index entries; switch to logical markup. Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7050 diff changeset	132 the AST object is passed to \function{compileast()}. This may indicate
9dde07a593d8 Add some index entries; switch to logical markup. Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7050 diff changeset	133 problems not related to syntax (such as a \exception{MemoryError}
4286 db35d2b93eba (libparser.tex): Revised parser module documentation; improved logical Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 4132 diff changeset	134 exception), but may also be due to constructs such as the result of
db35d2b93eba (libparser.tex): Revised parser module documentation; improved logical Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 4132 diff changeset	135 parsing \code{del f(0)}, which escapes the Python parser but is
db35d2b93eba (libparser.tex): Revised parser module documentation; improved logical Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 4132 diff changeset	136 checked by the bytecode compiler.
db35d2b93eba (libparser.tex): Revised parser module documentation; improved logical Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 4132 diff changeset	137
db35d2b93eba (libparser.tex): Revised parser module documentation; improved logical Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 4132 diff changeset	138 Sequences representing terminal tokens may be represented as either
db35d2b93eba (libparser.tex): Revised parser module documentation; improved logical Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 4132 diff changeset	139 two-element lists of the form \code{(1, 'name')} or as three-element
db35d2b93eba (libparser.tex): Revised parser module documentation; improved logical Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 4132 diff changeset	140 lists of the form \code{(1, 'name', 56)}. If the third element is
db35d2b93eba (libparser.tex): Revised parser module documentation; improved logical Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 4132 diff changeset	141 present, it is assumed to be a valid line number. The line number
db35d2b93eba (libparser.tex): Revised parser module documentation; improved logical Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 4132 diff changeset	142 may be specified for any subset of the terminal symbols in the input
db35d2b93eba (libparser.tex): Revised parser module documentation; improved logical Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 4132 diff changeset	143 tree.
db35d2b93eba (libparser.tex): Revised parser module documentation; improved logical Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 4132 diff changeset	144 \end{funcdesc}
db35d2b93eba (libparser.tex): Revised parser module documentation; improved logical Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 4132 diff changeset	145
db35d2b93eba (libparser.tex): Revised parser module documentation; improved logical Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 4132 diff changeset	146 \begin{funcdesc}{tuple2ast}{sequence}
7223 9dde07a593d8 Add some index entries; switch to logical markup. Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7050 diff changeset	147 This is the same function as \function{sequence2ast()}. This entry point
4286 db35d2b93eba (libparser.tex): Revised parser module documentation; improved logical Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 4132 diff changeset	148 is maintained for backward compatibility.
db35d2b93eba (libparser.tex): Revised parser module documentation; improved logical Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 4132 diff changeset	149 \end{funcdesc}
db35d2b93eba (libparser.tex): Revised parser module documentation; improved logical Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 4132 diff changeset	150
db35d2b93eba (libparser.tex): Revised parser module documentation; improved logical Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 4132 diff changeset	151
db35d2b93eba (libparser.tex): Revised parser module documentation; improved logical Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 4132 diff changeset	152 \subsection{Converting AST Objects}
7423 6e73f4168b06 Added \label{}s for logical addressing. Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7363 diff changeset	153 \label{Converting ASTs}
4286 db35d2b93eba (libparser.tex): Revised parser module documentation; improved logical Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 4132 diff changeset	154
db35d2b93eba (libparser.tex): Revised parser module documentation; improved logical Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 4132 diff changeset	155 AST objects, regardless of the input used to create them, may be
db35d2b93eba (libparser.tex): Revised parser module documentation; improved logical Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 4132 diff changeset	156 converted to parse trees represented as list- or tuple- trees, or may
db35d2b93eba (libparser.tex): Revised parser module documentation; improved logical Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 4132 diff changeset	157 be compiled into executable code objects. Parse trees may be
db35d2b93eba (libparser.tex): Revised parser module documentation; improved logical Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 4132 diff changeset	158 extracted with or without line numbering information.
db35d2b93eba (libparser.tex): Revised parser module documentation; improved logical Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 4132 diff changeset	159
7809 e580afa1c833 Minor nits. Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7712 diff changeset	160 \begin{funcdesc}{ast2list}{ast\optional{, line_info}}
4084 7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	161 This function accepts an AST object from the caller in
7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	162 \code{\var{ast}} and returns a Python list representing the
7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	163 equivelent parse tree. The resulting list representation can be used
4286 db35d2b93eba (libparser.tex): Revised parser module documentation; improved logical Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 4132 diff changeset	164 for inspection or the creation of a new parse tree in list form. This
db35d2b93eba (libparser.tex): Revised parser module documentation; improved logical Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 4132 diff changeset	165 function does not fail so long as memory is available to build the
db35d2b93eba (libparser.tex): Revised parser module documentation; improved logical Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 4132 diff changeset	166 list representation. If the parse tree will only be used for
7223 9dde07a593d8 Add some index entries; switch to logical markup. Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7050 diff changeset	167 inspection, \function{ast2tuple()} should be used instead to reduce memory
4286 db35d2b93eba (libparser.tex): Revised parser module documentation; improved logical Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 4132 diff changeset	168 consumption and fragmentation. When the list representation is
db35d2b93eba (libparser.tex): Revised parser module documentation; improved logical Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 4132 diff changeset	169 required, this function is significantly faster than retrieving a
db35d2b93eba (libparser.tex): Revised parser module documentation; improved logical Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 4132 diff changeset	170 tuple representation and converting that to nested lists.
4084 7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	171
4286 db35d2b93eba (libparser.tex): Revised parser module documentation; improved logical Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 4132 diff changeset	172 If \code{\var{line_info}} is true, line number information will be
db35d2b93eba (libparser.tex): Revised parser module documentation; improved logical Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 4132 diff changeset	173 included for all terminal tokens as a third element of the list
4591 8cdd94a3d02d (libparser.tex): Added note that the line number for a terminal token Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 4286 diff changeset	174 representing the token. Note that the line number provided specifies
7223 9dde07a593d8 Add some index entries; switch to logical markup. Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7050 diff changeset	175 the line on which the token \emph{ends}. This information is
4591 8cdd94a3d02d (libparser.tex): Added note that the line number for a terminal token Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 4286 diff changeset	176 omitted if the flag is false or omitted.
4084 7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	177 \end{funcdesc}
7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	178
7809 e580afa1c833 Minor nits. Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7712 diff changeset	179 \begin{funcdesc}{ast2tuple}{ast\optional{, line_info}}
3198 21cd50a4a3f7 Fred Drake's parser module Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: diff changeset	180 This function accepts an AST object from the caller in
21cd50a4a3f7 Fred Drake's parser module Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: diff changeset	181 \code{\var{ast}} and returns a Python tuple representing the
4084 7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	182 equivelent parse tree. Other than returning a tuple instead of a
7223 9dde07a593d8 Add some index entries; switch to logical markup. Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7050 diff changeset	183 list, this function is identical to \function{ast2list()}.
4084 7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	184
4286 db35d2b93eba (libparser.tex): Revised parser module documentation; improved logical Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 4132 diff changeset	185 If \code{\var{line_info}} is true, line number information will be
db35d2b93eba (libparser.tex): Revised parser module documentation; improved logical Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 4132 diff changeset	186 included for all terminal tokens as a third element of the list
db35d2b93eba (libparser.tex): Revised parser module documentation; improved logical Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 4132 diff changeset	187 representing the token. This information is omitted if the flag is
db35d2b93eba (libparser.tex): Revised parser module documentation; improved logical Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 4132 diff changeset	188 false or omitted.
3198 21cd50a4a3f7 Fred Drake's parser module Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: diff changeset	189 \end{funcdesc}
21cd50a4a3f7 Fred Drake's parser module Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: diff changeset	190
7712 0cbc9df882b6 Change "\," to just "," in function signatures. This is easier to maintain, Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7607 diff changeset	191 \begin{funcdesc}{compileast}{ast\optional{, filename\code{ = '<ast>'}}}
3198 21cd50a4a3f7 Fred Drake's parser module Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: diff changeset	192 The Python byte compiler can be invoked on an AST object to produce
21cd50a4a3f7 Fred Drake's parser module Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: diff changeset	193 code objects which can be used as part of an \code{exec} statement or
7223 9dde07a593d8 Add some index entries; switch to logical markup. Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7050 diff changeset	194 a call to the built-in \function{eval()}\bifuncindex{eval} function.
9dde07a593d8 Add some index entries; switch to logical markup. Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7050 diff changeset	195 This function provides the interface to the compiler, passing the
9dde07a593d8 Add some index entries; switch to logical markup. Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7050 diff changeset	196 internal parse tree from \code{\var{ast}} to the parser, using the
9dde07a593d8 Add some index entries; switch to logical markup. Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7050 diff changeset	197 source file name specified by the \code{\var{filename}} parameter.
9dde07a593d8 Add some index entries; switch to logical markup. Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7050 diff changeset	198 The default value supplied for \code{\var{filename}} indicates that
9dde07a593d8 Add some index entries; switch to logical markup. Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7050 diff changeset	199 the source was an AST object.
4084 7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	200
7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	201 Compiling an AST object may result in exceptions related to
7223 9dde07a593d8 Add some index entries; switch to logical markup. Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7050 diff changeset	202 compilation; an example would be a \exception{SyntaxError} caused by the
4286 db35d2b93eba (libparser.tex): Revised parser module documentation; improved logical Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 4132 diff changeset	203 parse tree for \code{del f(0)}: this statement is considered legal
4084 7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	204 within the formal grammar for Python but is not a legal language
7223 9dde07a593d8 Add some index entries; switch to logical markup. Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7050 diff changeset	205 construct. The \exception{SyntaxError} raised for this condition is
4084 7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	206 actually generated by the Python byte-compiler normally, which is why
7223 9dde07a593d8 Add some index entries; switch to logical markup. Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7050 diff changeset	207 it can be raised at this point by the \module{parser} module. Most
4084 7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	208 causes of compilation failure can be diagnosed programmatically by
7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	209 inspection of the parse tree.
3198 21cd50a4a3f7 Fred Drake's parser module Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: diff changeset	210 \end{funcdesc}
21cd50a4a3f7 Fred Drake's parser module Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: diff changeset	211
21cd50a4a3f7 Fred Drake's parser module Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: diff changeset	212
4286 db35d2b93eba (libparser.tex): Revised parser module documentation; improved logical Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 4132 diff changeset	213 \subsection{Queries on AST Objects}
7423 6e73f4168b06 Added \label{}s for logical addressing. Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7363 diff changeset	214 \label{Querying ASTs}
3198 21cd50a4a3f7 Fred Drake's parser module Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: diff changeset	215
4286 db35d2b93eba (libparser.tex): Revised parser module documentation; improved logical Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 4132 diff changeset	216 Two functions are provided which allow an application to determine if
7809 e580afa1c833 Minor nits. Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7712 diff changeset	217 an AST was created as an expression or a suite. Neither of these
4286 db35d2b93eba (libparser.tex): Revised parser module documentation; improved logical Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 4132 diff changeset	218 functions can be used to determine if an AST was created from source
7223 9dde07a593d8 Add some index entries; switch to logical markup. Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7050 diff changeset	219 code via \function{expr()} or \function{suite()} or from a parse tree
9dde07a593d8 Add some index entries; switch to logical markup. Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7050 diff changeset	220 via \function{sequence2ast()}.
3198 21cd50a4a3f7 Fred Drake's parser module Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: diff changeset	221
21cd50a4a3f7 Fred Drake's parser module Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: diff changeset	222 \begin{funcdesc}{isexpr}{ast}
21cd50a4a3f7 Fred Drake's parser module Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: diff changeset	223 When \code{\var{ast}} represents an \code{'eval'} form, this function
7223 9dde07a593d8 Add some index entries; switch to logical markup. Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7050 diff changeset	224 returns true, otherwise it returns false. This is useful, since code
9dde07a593d8 Add some index entries; switch to logical markup. Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7050 diff changeset	225 objects normally cannot be queried for this information using existing
9dde07a593d8 Add some index entries; switch to logical markup. Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7050 diff changeset	226 built-in functions. Note that the code objects created by
9dde07a593d8 Add some index entries; switch to logical markup. Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7050 diff changeset	227 \function{compileast()} cannot be queried like this either, and are
9dde07a593d8 Add some index entries; switch to logical markup. Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7050 diff changeset	228 identical to those created by the built-in
9dde07a593d8 Add some index entries; switch to logical markup. Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7050 diff changeset	229 \function{compile()}\bifuncindex{compile} function.
3198 21cd50a4a3f7 Fred Drake's parser module Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: diff changeset	230 \end{funcdesc}
21cd50a4a3f7 Fred Drake's parser module Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: diff changeset	231
21cd50a4a3f7 Fred Drake's parser module Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: diff changeset	232
21cd50a4a3f7 Fred Drake's parser module Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: diff changeset	233 \begin{funcdesc}{issuite}{ast}
7223 9dde07a593d8 Add some index entries; switch to logical markup. Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7050 diff changeset	234 This function mirrors \function{isexpr()} in that it reports whether an
4286 db35d2b93eba (libparser.tex): Revised parser module documentation; improved logical Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 4132 diff changeset	235 AST object represents an \code{'exec'} form, commonly known as a
db35d2b93eba (libparser.tex): Revised parser module documentation; improved logical Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 4132 diff changeset	236 ``suite.'' It is not safe to assume that this function is equivelent
7223 9dde07a593d8 Add some index entries; switch to logical markup. Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7050 diff changeset	237 to \samp{not isexpr(\var{ast})}, as additional syntactic fragments may
4286 db35d2b93eba (libparser.tex): Revised parser module documentation; improved logical Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 4132 diff changeset	238 be supported in the future.
3198 21cd50a4a3f7 Fred Drake's parser module Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: diff changeset	239 \end{funcdesc}
21cd50a4a3f7 Fred Drake's parser module Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: diff changeset	240
21cd50a4a3f7 Fred Drake's parser module Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: diff changeset	241
21cd50a4a3f7 Fred Drake's parser module Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: diff changeset	242 \subsection{Exceptions and Error Handling}
7423 6e73f4168b06 Added \label{}s for logical addressing. Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7363 diff changeset	243 \label{AST Errors}
3198 21cd50a4a3f7 Fred Drake's parser module Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: diff changeset	244
21cd50a4a3f7 Fred Drake's parser module Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: diff changeset	245 The parser module defines a single exception, but may also pass other
21cd50a4a3f7 Fred Drake's parser module Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: diff changeset	246 built-in exceptions from other portions of the Python runtime
21cd50a4a3f7 Fred Drake's parser module Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: diff changeset	247 environment. See each function for information about the exceptions
21cd50a4a3f7 Fred Drake's parser module Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: diff changeset	248 it can raise.
21cd50a4a3f7 Fred Drake's parser module Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: diff changeset	249
21cd50a4a3f7 Fred Drake's parser module Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: diff changeset	250 \begin{excdesc}{ParserError}
21cd50a4a3f7 Fred Drake's parser module Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: diff changeset	251 Exception raised when a failure occurs within the parser module. This
21cd50a4a3f7 Fred Drake's parser module Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: diff changeset	252 is generally produced for validation failures rather than the built in
7223 9dde07a593d8 Add some index entries; switch to logical markup. Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7050 diff changeset	253 \exception{SyntaxError} thrown during normal parsing.
3198 21cd50a4a3f7 Fred Drake's parser module Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: diff changeset	254 The exception argument is either a string describing the reason of the
4084 7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	255 failure or a tuple containing a sequence causing the failure from a parse
7223 9dde07a593d8 Add some index entries; switch to logical markup. Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7050 diff changeset	256 tree passed to \function{sequence2ast()} and an explanatory string. Calls to
9dde07a593d8 Add some index entries; switch to logical markup. Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7050 diff changeset	257 \function{sequence2ast()} need to be able to handle either type of exception,
3198 21cd50a4a3f7 Fred Drake's parser module Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: diff changeset	258 while calls to other functions in the module will only need to be
21cd50a4a3f7 Fred Drake's parser module Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: diff changeset	259 aware of the simple string values.
21cd50a4a3f7 Fred Drake's parser module Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: diff changeset	260 \end{excdesc}
21cd50a4a3f7 Fred Drake's parser module Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: diff changeset	261
7223 9dde07a593d8 Add some index entries; switch to logical markup. Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7050 diff changeset	262 Note that the functions \function{compileast()}, \function{expr()}, and
9dde07a593d8 Add some index entries; switch to logical markup. Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7050 diff changeset	263 \function{suite()} may throw exceptions which are normally thrown by the
3198 21cd50a4a3f7 Fred Drake's parser module Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: diff changeset	264 parsing and compilation process. These include the built in
7223 9dde07a593d8 Add some index entries; switch to logical markup. Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7050 diff changeset	265 exceptions \exception{MemoryError}, \exception{OverflowError},
9dde07a593d8 Add some index entries; switch to logical markup. Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7050 diff changeset	266 \exception{SyntaxError}, and \exception{SystemError}. In these cases, these
3198 21cd50a4a3f7 Fred Drake's parser module Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: diff changeset	267 exceptions carry all the meaning normally associated with them. Refer
21cd50a4a3f7 Fred Drake's parser module Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: diff changeset	268 to the descriptions of each function for detailed information.
21cd50a4a3f7 Fred Drake's parser module Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: diff changeset	269
21cd50a4a3f7 Fred Drake's parser module Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: diff changeset	270
4084 7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	271 \subsection{AST Objects}
7423 6e73f4168b06 Added \label{}s for logical addressing. Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7363 diff changeset	272 \label{AST Objects}
4084 7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	273
7607 00ad309bd508 Nits. Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7457 diff changeset	274 AST objects returned by \function{expr()}, \function{suite()} and
7223 9dde07a593d8 Add some index entries; switch to logical markup. Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7050 diff changeset	275 \function{sequence2ast()} have no methods of their own.
7607 00ad309bd508 Nits. Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7457 diff changeset	276
7879 427a9b1c9abd Move a short paragraph outside the description of ASTType. Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7877 diff changeset	277 Ordered and equality comparisons are supported between AST objects.
8035 6c594988572a Add a note that pickling is supported. Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7933 diff changeset	278 Pickling of AST objects (using the \module{pickle} module) is also
6c594988572a Add a note that pickling is supported. Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7933 diff changeset	279 supported.
7879 427a9b1c9abd Move a short paragraph outside the description of ASTType. Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7877 diff changeset	280
7607 00ad309bd508 Nits. Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7457 diff changeset	281 \begin{datadesc}{ASTType}
00ad309bd508 Nits. Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7457 diff changeset	282 The type of the objects returned by \function{expr()},
00ad309bd508 Nits. Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7457 diff changeset	283 \function{suite()} and \function{sequence2ast()}.
00ad309bd508 Nits. Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7457 diff changeset	284 \end{datadesc}
4084 7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	285
7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	286
8040 df0fa5dc599a No more threats, just list the new methods under "AST Objects". Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 8035 diff changeset	287 AST objects have the following methods:
df0fa5dc599a No more threats, just list the new methods under "AST Objects". Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 8035 diff changeset	288
df0fa5dc599a No more threats, just list the new methods under "AST Objects". Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 8035 diff changeset	289
df0fa5dc599a No more threats, just list the new methods under "AST Objects". Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 8035 diff changeset	290 \begin{methoddesc}[AST]{compile}{\optional{filename}}
df0fa5dc599a No more threats, just list the new methods under "AST Objects". Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 8035 diff changeset	291 Same as \code{compileast(\var{ast}, \var{filename})}.
df0fa5dc599a No more threats, just list the new methods under "AST Objects". Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 8035 diff changeset	292 \end{methoddesc}
df0fa5dc599a No more threats, just list the new methods under "AST Objects". Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 8035 diff changeset	293
df0fa5dc599a No more threats, just list the new methods under "AST Objects". Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 8035 diff changeset	294 \begin{methoddesc}[AST]{isexpr}{}
df0fa5dc599a No more threats, just list the new methods under "AST Objects". Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 8035 diff changeset	295 Same as \code{isexpr(\var{ast})}.
df0fa5dc599a No more threats, just list the new methods under "AST Objects". Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 8035 diff changeset	296 \end{methoddesc}
df0fa5dc599a No more threats, just list the new methods under "AST Objects". Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 8035 diff changeset	297
df0fa5dc599a No more threats, just list the new methods under "AST Objects". Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 8035 diff changeset	298 \begin{methoddesc}[AST]{issuite}{}
df0fa5dc599a No more threats, just list the new methods under "AST Objects". Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 8035 diff changeset	299 Same as \code{issuite(\var{ast})}.
df0fa5dc599a No more threats, just list the new methods under "AST Objects". Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 8035 diff changeset	300 \end{methoddesc}
df0fa5dc599a No more threats, just list the new methods under "AST Objects". Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 8035 diff changeset	301
df0fa5dc599a No more threats, just list the new methods under "AST Objects". Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 8035 diff changeset	302 \begin{methoddesc}[AST]{tolist}{\optional{line_info}}
df0fa5dc599a No more threats, just list the new methods under "AST Objects". Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 8035 diff changeset	303 Same as \code{ast2list(\var{ast}, \var{line_info})}.
df0fa5dc599a No more threats, just list the new methods under "AST Objects". Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 8035 diff changeset	304 \end{methoddesc}
df0fa5dc599a No more threats, just list the new methods under "AST Objects". Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 8035 diff changeset	305
df0fa5dc599a No more threats, just list the new methods under "AST Objects". Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 8035 diff changeset	306 \begin{methoddesc}[AST]{totuple}{\optional{line_info}}
df0fa5dc599a No more threats, just list the new methods under "AST Objects". Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 8035 diff changeset	307 Same as \code{ast2tuple(\var{ast}, \var{line_info})}.
df0fa5dc599a No more threats, just list the new methods under "AST Objects". Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 8035 diff changeset	308 \end{methoddesc}
df0fa5dc599a No more threats, just list the new methods under "AST Objects". Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 8035 diff changeset	309
df0fa5dc599a No more threats, just list the new methods under "AST Objects". Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 8035 diff changeset	310
4132 c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	311 \subsection{Examples}
4728 b218f294b726 (lib<all sorts of stuff>.tex): Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 4591 diff changeset	312 \nodename{AST Examples}
3198 21cd50a4a3f7 Fred Drake's parser module Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: diff changeset	313
4084 7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	314 The parser modules allows operations to be performed on the parse tree
7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	315 of Python source code before the bytecode is generated, and provides
4286 db35d2b93eba (libparser.tex): Revised parser module documentation; improved logical Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 4132 diff changeset	316 for inspection of the parse tree for information gathering purposes.
db35d2b93eba (libparser.tex): Revised parser module documentation; improved logical Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 4132 diff changeset	317 Two examples are presented. The simple example demonstrates emulation
7223 9dde07a593d8 Add some index entries; switch to logical markup. Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7050 diff changeset	318 of the \function{compile()}\bifuncindex{compile} built-in function and
9dde07a593d8 Add some index entries; switch to logical markup. Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7050 diff changeset	319 the complex example shows the use of a parse tree for information
9dde07a593d8 Add some index entries; switch to logical markup. Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7050 diff changeset	320 discovery.
4132 c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	321
7879 427a9b1c9abd Move a short paragraph outside the description of ASTType. Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7877 diff changeset	322 \subsubsection{Emulation of \function{compile()}}
4132 c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	323
c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	324 While many useful operations may take place between parsing and
4084 7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	325 bytecode generation, the simplest operation is to do nothing. For
7223 9dde07a593d8 Add some index entries; switch to logical markup. Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7050 diff changeset	326 this purpose, using the \module{parser} module to produce an
4084 7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	327 intermediate data structure is equivelent to the code
7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	328
7277 bf4e790bd61a Remove all \bcode / \ecode cruft; this is no longer needed. See previous Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7223 diff changeset	329 \begin{verbatim}
4084 7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	330 >>> code = compile('a + 5', 'eval')
7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	331 >>> a = 5
7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	332 >>> eval(code)
7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	333 10
7277 bf4e790bd61a Remove all \bcode / \ecode cruft; this is no longer needed. See previous Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7223 diff changeset	334 \end{verbatim}
7809 e580afa1c833 Minor nits. Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7712 diff changeset	335
7223 9dde07a593d8 Add some index entries; switch to logical markup. Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7050 diff changeset	336 The equivelent operation using the \module{parser} module is somewhat
4084 7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	337 longer, and allows the intermediate internal parse tree to be retained
7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	338 as an AST object:
3198 21cd50a4a3f7 Fred Drake's parser module Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: diff changeset	339
7277 bf4e790bd61a Remove all \bcode / \ecode cruft; this is no longer needed. See previous Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7223 diff changeset	340 \begin{verbatim}
3198 21cd50a4a3f7 Fred Drake's parser module Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: diff changeset	341 >>> import parser
21cd50a4a3f7 Fred Drake's parser module Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: diff changeset	342 >>> ast = parser.expr('a + 5')
21cd50a4a3f7 Fred Drake's parser module Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: diff changeset	343 >>> code = parser.compileast(ast)
21cd50a4a3f7 Fred Drake's parser module Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: diff changeset	344 >>> a = 5
21cd50a4a3f7 Fred Drake's parser module Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: diff changeset	345 >>> eval(code)
21cd50a4a3f7 Fred Drake's parser module Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: diff changeset	346 10
7277 bf4e790bd61a Remove all \bcode / \ecode cruft; this is no longer needed. See previous Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7223 diff changeset	347 \end{verbatim}
7809 e580afa1c833 Minor nits. Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7712 diff changeset	348
4132 c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	349 An application which needs both AST and code objects can package this
c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	350 code into readily available functions:
c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	351
7277 bf4e790bd61a Remove all \bcode / \ecode cruft; this is no longer needed. See previous Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7223 diff changeset	352 \begin{verbatim}
4132 c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	353 import parser
c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	354
c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	355 def load_suite(source_string):
c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	356 ast = parser.suite(source_string)
c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	357 code = parser.compileast(ast)
c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	358 return ast, code
c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	359
c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	360 def load_expression(source_string):
c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	361 ast = parser.expr(source_string)
c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	362 code = parser.compileast(ast)
c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	363 return ast, code
7277 bf4e790bd61a Remove all \bcode / \ecode cruft; this is no longer needed. See previous Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7223 diff changeset	364 \end{verbatim}
7809 e580afa1c833 Minor nits. Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7712 diff changeset	365
4132 c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	366 \subsubsection{Information Discovery}
c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	367
4286 db35d2b93eba (libparser.tex): Revised parser module documentation; improved logical Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 4132 diff changeset	368 Some applications benefit from direct access to the parse tree. The
db35d2b93eba (libparser.tex): Revised parser module documentation; improved logical Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 4132 diff changeset	369 remainder of this section demonstrates how the parse tree provides
db35d2b93eba (libparser.tex): Revised parser module documentation; improved logical Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 4132 diff changeset	370 access to module documentation defined in docstrings without requiring
db35d2b93eba (libparser.tex): Revised parser module documentation; improved logical Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 4132 diff changeset	371 that the code being examined be loaded into a running interpreter via
7223 9dde07a593d8 Add some index entries; switch to logical markup. Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7050 diff changeset	372 \keyword{import}. This can be very useful for performing analyses of
4286 db35d2b93eba (libparser.tex): Revised parser module documentation; improved logical Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 4132 diff changeset	373 untrusted code.
3198 21cd50a4a3f7 Fred Drake's parser module Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: diff changeset	374
4084 7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	375 Generally, the example will demonstrate how the parse tree may be
7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	376 traversed to distill interesting information. Two functions and a set
4286 db35d2b93eba (libparser.tex): Revised parser module documentation; improved logical Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 4132 diff changeset	377 of classes are developed which provide programmatic access to high
4084 7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	378 level function and class definitions provided by a module. The
7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	379 classes extract information from the parse tree and provide access to
7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	380 the information at a useful semantic level, one function provides a
7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	381 simple low-level pattern matching capability, and the other function
7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	382 defines a high-level interface to the classes by handling file
7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	383 operations on behalf of the caller. All source files mentioned here
7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	384 which are not part of the Python installation are located in the
4286 db35d2b93eba (libparser.tex): Revised parser module documentation; improved logical Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 4132 diff changeset	385 \file{Demo/parser/} directory of the distribution.
4084 7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	386
4132 c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	387 The dynamic nature of Python allows the programmer a great deal of
c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	388 flexibility, but most modules need only a limited measure of this when
c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	389 defining classes, functions, and methods. In this example, the only
c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	390 definitions that will be considered are those which are defined in the
7223 9dde07a593d8 Add some index entries; switch to logical markup. Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7050 diff changeset	391 top level of their context, e.g., a function defined by a \keyword{def}
4132 c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	392 statement at column zero of a module, but not a function defined
4286 db35d2b93eba (libparser.tex): Revised parser module documentation; improved logical Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 4132 diff changeset	393 within a branch of an \code{if} ... \code{else} construct, though
4132 c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	394 there are some good reasons for doing so in some situations. Nesting
c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	395 of definitions will be handled by the code developed in the example.
c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	396
4084 7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	397 To construct the upper-level extraction methods, we need to know what
7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	398 the parse tree structure looks like and how much of it we actually
4286 db35d2b93eba (libparser.tex): Revised parser module documentation; improved logical Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 4132 diff changeset	399 need to be concerned about. Python uses a moderately deep parse tree
4084 7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	400 so there are a large number of intermediate nodes. It is important to
7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	401 read and understand the formal grammar used by Python. This is
7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	402 specified in the file \file{Grammar/Grammar} in the distribution.
7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	403 Consider the simplest case of interest when searching for docstrings:
4132 c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	404 a module consisting of a docstring and nothing else. (See file
c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	405 \file{docstring.py}.)
4084 7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	406
7277 bf4e790bd61a Remove all \bcode / \ecode cruft; this is no longer needed. See previous Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7223 diff changeset	407 \begin{verbatim}
4084 7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	408 """Some documentation.
7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	409 """
7277 bf4e790bd61a Remove all \bcode / \ecode cruft; this is no longer needed. See previous Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7223 diff changeset	410 \end{verbatim}
7809 e580afa1c833 Minor nits. Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7712 diff changeset	411
4084 7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	412 Using the interpreter to take a look at the parse tree, we find a
7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	413 bewildering mass of numbers and parentheses, with the documentation
4286 db35d2b93eba (libparser.tex): Revised parser module documentation; improved logical Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 4132 diff changeset	414 buried deep in nested tuples.
3198 21cd50a4a3f7 Fred Drake's parser module Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: diff changeset	415
7277 bf4e790bd61a Remove all \bcode / \ecode cruft; this is no longer needed. See previous Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7223 diff changeset	416 \begin{verbatim}
4084 7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	417 >>> import parser
7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	418 >>> import pprint
7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	419 >>> ast = parser.suite(open('docstring.py').read())
7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	420 >>> tup = parser.ast2tuple(ast)
7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	421 >>> pprint.pprint(tup)
7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	422 (257,
7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	423 (264,
7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	424 (265,
7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	425 (266,
7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	426 (267,
7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	427 (307,
7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	428 (287,
7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	429 (288,
7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	430 (289,
7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	431 (290,
7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	432 (292,
7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	433 (293,
7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	434 (294,
7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	435 (295,
7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	436 (296,
7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	437 (297,
7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	438 (298,
7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	439 (299,
7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	440 (300, (3, '"""Some documentation.\012"""'))))))))))))))))),
7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	441 (4, ''))),
7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	442 (4, ''),
7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	443 (0, ''))
7277 bf4e790bd61a Remove all \bcode / \ecode cruft; this is no longer needed. See previous Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7223 diff changeset	444 \end{verbatim}
7809 e580afa1c833 Minor nits. Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7712 diff changeset	445
4084 7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	446 The numbers at the first element of each node in the tree are the node
7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	447 types; they map directly to terminal and non-terminal symbols in the
7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	448 grammar. Unfortunately, they are represented as integers in the
7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	449 internal representation, and the Python structures generated do not
7223 9dde07a593d8 Add some index entries; switch to logical markup. Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7050 diff changeset	450 change that. However, the \module{symbol} and \module{token} modules
4084 7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	451 provide symbolic names for the node types and dictionaries which map
7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	452 from the integers to the symbolic names for the node types.
3198 21cd50a4a3f7 Fred Drake's parser module Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: diff changeset	453
4084 7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	454 In the output presented above, the outermost tuple contains four
7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	455 elements: the integer \code{257} and three additional tuples. Node
7223 9dde07a593d8 Add some index entries; switch to logical markup. Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7050 diff changeset	456 type \code{257} has the symbolic name \constant{file_input}. Each of
4084 7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	457 these inner tuples contains an integer as the first element; these
7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	458 integers, \code{264}, \code{4}, and \code{0}, represent the node types
7223 9dde07a593d8 Add some index entries; switch to logical markup. Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7050 diff changeset	459 \constant{stmt}, \constant{NEWLINE}, and \constant{ENDMARKER},
9dde07a593d8 Add some index entries; switch to logical markup. Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7050 diff changeset	460 respectively.
4084 7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	461 Note that these values may change depending on the version of Python
7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	462 you are using; consult \file{symbol.py} and \file{token.py} for
7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	463 details of the mapping. It should be fairly clear that the outermost
7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	464 node is related primarily to the input source rather than the contents
7223 9dde07a593d8 Add some index entries; switch to logical markup. Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7050 diff changeset	465 of the file, and may be disregarded for the moment. The \constant{stmt}
4084 7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	466 node is much more interesting. In particular, all docstrings are
7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	467 found in subtrees which are formed exactly as this node is formed,
7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	468 with the only difference being the string itself. The association
7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	469 between the docstring in a similar tree and the defined entity (class,
7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	470 function, or module) which it describes is given by the position of
7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	471 the docstring subtree within the tree defining the described
7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	472 structure.
3198 21cd50a4a3f7 Fred Drake's parser module Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: diff changeset	473
4084 7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	474 By replacing the actual docstring with something to signify a variable
4286 db35d2b93eba (libparser.tex): Revised parser module documentation; improved logical Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 4132 diff changeset	475 component of the tree, we allow a simple pattern matching approach to
db35d2b93eba (libparser.tex): Revised parser module documentation; improved logical Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 4132 diff changeset	476 check any given subtree for equivelence to the general pattern for
db35d2b93eba (libparser.tex): Revised parser module documentation; improved logical Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 4132 diff changeset	477 docstrings. Since the example demonstrates information extraction, we
db35d2b93eba (libparser.tex): Revised parser module documentation; improved logical Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 4132 diff changeset	478 can safely require that the tree be in tuple form rather than list
db35d2b93eba (libparser.tex): Revised parser module documentation; improved logical Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 4132 diff changeset	479 form, allowing a simple variable representation to be
db35d2b93eba (libparser.tex): Revised parser module documentation; improved logical Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 4132 diff changeset	480 \code{['variable_name']}. A simple recursive function can implement
4084 7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	481 the pattern matching, returning a boolean and a dictionary of variable
4132 c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	482 name to value mappings. (See file \file{example.py}.)
4084 7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	483
7277 bf4e790bd61a Remove all \bcode / \ecode cruft; this is no longer needed. See previous Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7223 diff changeset	484 \begin{verbatim}
4084 7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	485 from types import ListType, TupleType
7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	486
7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	487 def match(pattern, data, vars=None):
7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	488 if vars is None:
7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	489 vars = {}
7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	490 if type(pattern) is ListType:
7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	491 vars[pattern[0]] = data
7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	492 return 1, vars
7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	493 if type(pattern) is not TupleType:
7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	494 return (pattern == data), vars
7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	495 if len(data) != len(pattern):
7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	496 return 0, vars
7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	497 for pattern, data in map(None, pattern, data):
7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	498 same, vars = match(pattern, data, vars)
7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	499 if not same:
7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	500 break
7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	501 return same, vars
7277 bf4e790bd61a Remove all \bcode / \ecode cruft; this is no longer needed. See previous Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7223 diff changeset	502 \end{verbatim}
7809 e580afa1c833 Minor nits. Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7712 diff changeset	503
4286 db35d2b93eba (libparser.tex): Revised parser module documentation; improved logical Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 4132 diff changeset	504 Using this simple representation for syntactic variables and the symbolic
4132 c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	505 node types, the pattern for the candidate docstring subtrees becomes
c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	506 fairly readable. (See file \file{example.py}.)
3198 21cd50a4a3f7 Fred Drake's parser module Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: diff changeset	507
7277 bf4e790bd61a Remove all \bcode / \ecode cruft; this is no longer needed. See previous Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7223 diff changeset	508 \begin{verbatim}
4132 c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	509 import symbol
c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	510 import token
c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	511
c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	512 DOCSTRING_STMT_PATTERN = (
c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	513 symbol.stmt,
c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	514 (symbol.simple_stmt,
c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	515 (symbol.small_stmt,
c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	516 (symbol.expr_stmt,
c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	517 (symbol.testlist,
c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	518 (symbol.test,
c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	519 (symbol.and_test,
c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	520 (symbol.not_test,
c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	521 (symbol.comparison,
c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	522 (symbol.expr,
c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	523 (symbol.xor_expr,
c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	524 (symbol.and_expr,
c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	525 (symbol.shift_expr,
c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	526 (symbol.arith_expr,
c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	527 (symbol.term,
c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	528 (symbol.factor,
c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	529 (symbol.power,
c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	530 (symbol.atom,
c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	531 (token.STRING, ['docstring'])
c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	532 )))))))))))))))),
c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	533 (token.NEWLINE, '')
c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	534 ))
7277 bf4e790bd61a Remove all \bcode / \ecode cruft; this is no longer needed. See previous Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7223 diff changeset	535 \end{verbatim}
7809 e580afa1c833 Minor nits. Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7712 diff changeset	536
7223 9dde07a593d8 Add some index entries; switch to logical markup. Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7050 diff changeset	537 Using the \function{match()} function with this pattern, extracting the
4084 7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	538 module docstring from the parse tree created previously is easy:
7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	539
7277 bf4e790bd61a Remove all \bcode / \ecode cruft; this is no longer needed. See previous Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7223 diff changeset	540 \begin{verbatim}
4084 7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	541 >>> found, vars = match(DOCSTRING_STMT_PATTERN, tup[1])
7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	542 >>> found
7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	543 1
7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	544 >>> vars
7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	545 {'docstring': '"""Some documentation.\012"""'}
7277 bf4e790bd61a Remove all \bcode / \ecode cruft; this is no longer needed. See previous Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7223 diff changeset	546 \end{verbatim}
7809 e580afa1c833 Minor nits. Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7712 diff changeset	547
4084 7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	548 Once specific data can be extracted from a location where it is
7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	549 expected, the question of where information can be expected
7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	550 needs to be answered. When dealing with docstrings, the answer is
7223 9dde07a593d8 Add some index entries; switch to logical markup. Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7050 diff changeset	551 fairly simple: the docstring is the first \constant{stmt} node in a code
9dde07a593d8 Add some index entries; switch to logical markup. Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7050 diff changeset	552 block (\constant{file_input} or \constant{suite} node types). A module
9dde07a593d8 Add some index entries; switch to logical markup. Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7050 diff changeset	553 consists of a single \constant{file_input} node, and class and function
9dde07a593d8 Add some index entries; switch to logical markup. Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7050 diff changeset	554 definitions each contain exactly one \constant{suite} node. Classes and
4084 7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	555 functions are readily identified as subtrees of code block nodes which
7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	556 start with \code{(stmt, (compound_stmt, (classdef, ...} or
7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	557 \code{(stmt, (compound_stmt, (funcdef, ...}. Note that these subtrees
7223 9dde07a593d8 Add some index entries; switch to logical markup. Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7050 diff changeset	558 cannot be matched by \function{match()} since it does not support multiple
4084 7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	559 sibling nodes to match without regard to number. A more elaborate
7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	560 matching function could be used to overcome this limitation, but this
7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	561 is sufficient for the example.
7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	562
4132 c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	563 Given the ability to determine whether a statement might be a
c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	564 docstring and extract the actual string from the statement, some work
c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	565 needs to be performed to walk the parse tree for an entire module and
c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	566 extract information about the names defined in each context of the
c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	567 module and associate any docstrings with the names. The code to
c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	568 perform this work is not complicated, but bears some explanation.
c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	569
c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	570 The public interface to the classes is straightforward and should
c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	571 probably be somewhat more flexible. Each ``major'' block of the
c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	572 module is described by an object providing several methods for inquiry
c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	573 and a constructor which accepts at least the subtree of the complete
7363 f4a4723b9553 Separate the parse, symbol, and token documentation into separate files. Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7277 diff changeset	574 parse tree which it represents. The \class{ModuleInfo} constructor
f4a4723b9553 Separate the parse, symbol, and token documentation into separate files. Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7277 diff changeset	575 accepts an optional \var{name} parameter since it cannot
4132 c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	576 otherwise determine the name of the module.
c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	577
7223 9dde07a593d8 Add some index entries; switch to logical markup. Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7050 diff changeset	578 The public classes include \class{ClassInfo}, \class{FunctionInfo},
9dde07a593d8 Add some index entries; switch to logical markup. Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7050 diff changeset	579 and \class{ModuleInfo}. All objects provide the
9dde07a593d8 Add some index entries; switch to logical markup. Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7050 diff changeset	580 methods \method{get_name()}, \method{get_docstring()},
9dde07a593d8 Add some index entries; switch to logical markup. Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7050 diff changeset	581 \method{get_class_names()}, and \method{get_class_info()}. The
9dde07a593d8 Add some index entries; switch to logical markup. Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7050 diff changeset	582 \class{ClassInfo} objects support \method{get_method_names()} and
9dde07a593d8 Add some index entries; switch to logical markup. Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7050 diff changeset	583 \method{get_method_info()} while the other classes provide
9dde07a593d8 Add some index entries; switch to logical markup. Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7050 diff changeset	584 \method{get_function_names()} and \method{get_function_info()}.
4132 c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	585
c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	586 Within each of the forms of code block that the public classes
c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	587 represent, most of the required information is in the same form and is
4286 db35d2b93eba (libparser.tex): Revised parser module documentation; improved logical Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 4132 diff changeset	588 accessed in the same way, with classes having the distinction that
4132 c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	589 functions defined at the top level are referred to as ``methods.''
c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	590 Since the difference in nomenclature reflects a real semantic
4286 db35d2b93eba (libparser.tex): Revised parser module documentation; improved logical Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 4132 diff changeset	591 distinction from functions defined outside of a class, the
db35d2b93eba (libparser.tex): Revised parser module documentation; improved logical Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 4132 diff changeset	592 implementation needs to maintain the distinction.
4132 c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	593 Hence, most of the functionality of the public classes can be
7223 9dde07a593d8 Add some index entries; switch to logical markup. Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7050 diff changeset	594 implemented in a common base class, \class{SuiteInfoBase}, with the
4132 c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	595 accessors for function and method information provided elsewhere.
c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	596 Note that there is only one class which represents function and method
7223 9dde07a593d8 Add some index entries; switch to logical markup. Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7050 diff changeset	597 information; this parallels the use of the \keyword{def} statement to
4286 db35d2b93eba (libparser.tex): Revised parser module documentation; improved logical Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 4132 diff changeset	598 define both types of elements.
4132 c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	599
7223 9dde07a593d8 Add some index entries; switch to logical markup. Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7050 diff changeset	600 Most of the accessor functions are declared in \class{SuiteInfoBase}
4132 c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	601 and do not need to be overriden by subclasses. More importantly, the
c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	602 extraction of most information from a parse tree is handled through a
7223 9dde07a593d8 Add some index entries; switch to logical markup. Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7050 diff changeset	603 method called by the \class{SuiteInfoBase} constructor. The example
4132 c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	604 code for most of the classes is clear when read alongside the formal
c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	605 grammar, but the method which recursively creates new information
c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	606 objects requires further examination. Here is the relevant part of
7223 9dde07a593d8 Add some index entries; switch to logical markup. Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7050 diff changeset	607 the \class{SuiteInfoBase} definition from \file{example.py}:
4132 c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	608
7277 bf4e790bd61a Remove all \bcode / \ecode cruft; this is no longer needed. See previous Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7223 diff changeset	609 \begin{verbatim}
4132 c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	610 class SuiteInfoBase:
c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	611 _docstring = ''
c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	612 _name = ''
c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	613
c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	614 def __init__(self, tree = None):
c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	615 self._class_info = {}
c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	616 self._function_info = {}
c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	617 if tree:
c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	618 self._extract_info(tree)
c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	619
c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	620 def _extract_info(self, tree):
c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	621 # extract docstring
c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	622 if len(tree) == 2:
c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	623 found, vars = match(DOCSTRING_STMT_PATTERN[1], tree[1])
c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	624 else:
c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	625 found, vars = match(DOCSTRING_STMT_PATTERN, tree[3])
c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	626 if found:
c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	627 self._docstring = eval(vars['docstring'])
c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	628 # discover inner definitions
c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	629 for node in tree[1:]:
c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	630 found, vars = match(COMPOUND_STMT_PATTERN, node)
c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	631 if found:
c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	632 cstmt = vars['compound']
c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	633 if cstmt[0] == symbol.funcdef:
c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	634 name = cstmt[2][1]
c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	635 self._function_info[name] = FunctionInfo(cstmt)
c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	636 elif cstmt[0] == symbol.classdef:
c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	637 name = cstmt[2][1]
c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	638 self._class_info[name] = ClassInfo(cstmt)
7277 bf4e790bd61a Remove all \bcode / \ecode cruft; this is no longer needed. See previous Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7223 diff changeset	639 \end{verbatim}
7809 e580afa1c833 Minor nits. Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7712 diff changeset	640
4132 c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	641 After initializing some internal state, the constructor calls the
7223 9dde07a593d8 Add some index entries; switch to logical markup. Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7050 diff changeset	642 \method{_extract_info()} method. This method performs the bulk of the
4132 c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	643 information extraction which takes place in the entire example. The
c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	644 extraction has two distinct phases: the location of the docstring for
c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	645 the parse tree passed in, and the discovery of additional definitions
c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	646 within the code block represented by the parse tree.
c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	647
7223 9dde07a593d8 Add some index entries; switch to logical markup. Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7050 diff changeset	648 The initial \keyword{if} test determines whether the nested suite is of
4132 c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	649 the ``short form'' or the ``long form.'' The short form is used when
c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	650 the code block is on the same line as the definition of the code
c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	651 block, as in
c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	652
7050 90edcb38fb00 Added \label{} to allow module references. Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 6648 diff changeset	653 \begin{verbatim}
4132 c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	654 def square(x): "Square an argument."; return x ** 2
7050 90edcb38fb00 Added \label{} to allow module references. Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 6648 diff changeset	655 \end{verbatim}
7809 e580afa1c833 Minor nits. Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7712 diff changeset	656
4132 c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	657 while the long form uses an indented block and allows nested
c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	658 definitions:
c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	659
7277 bf4e790bd61a Remove all \bcode / \ecode cruft; this is no longer needed. See previous Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7223 diff changeset	660 \begin{verbatim}
4132 c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	661 def make_power(exp):
c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	662 "Make a function that raises an argument to the exponent `exp'."
c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	663 def raiser(x, y=exp):
c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	664 return x ** y
c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	665 return raiser
7277 bf4e790bd61a Remove all \bcode / \ecode cruft; this is no longer needed. See previous Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7223 diff changeset	666 \end{verbatim}
7809 e580afa1c833 Minor nits. Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7712 diff changeset	667
4132 c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	668 When the short form is used, the code block may contain a docstring as
7223 9dde07a593d8 Add some index entries; switch to logical markup. Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7050 diff changeset	669 the first, and possibly only, \constant{small_stmt} element. The
4132 c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	670 extraction of such a docstring is slightly different and requires only
c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	671 a portion of the complete pattern used in the more common case. As
4286 db35d2b93eba (libparser.tex): Revised parser module documentation; improved logical Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 4132 diff changeset	672 implemented, the docstring will only be found if there is only
7223 9dde07a593d8 Add some index entries; switch to logical markup. Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7050 diff changeset	673 one \constant{small_stmt} node in the \constant{simple_stmt} node.
9dde07a593d8 Add some index entries; switch to logical markup. Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7050 diff changeset	674 Since most functions and methods which use the short form do not
9dde07a593d8 Add some index entries; switch to logical markup. Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7050 diff changeset	675 provide a docstring, this may be considered sufficient. The
9dde07a593d8 Add some index entries; switch to logical markup. Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7050 diff changeset	676 extraction of the docstring proceeds using the \function{match()} function
9dde07a593d8 Add some index entries; switch to logical markup. Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7050 diff changeset	677 as described above, and the value of the docstring is stored as an
9dde07a593d8 Add some index entries; switch to logical markup. Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7050 diff changeset	678 attribute of the \class{SuiteInfoBase} object.
4132 c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	679
4286 db35d2b93eba (libparser.tex): Revised parser module documentation; improved logical Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 4132 diff changeset	680 After docstring extraction, a simple definition discovery
7223 9dde07a593d8 Add some index entries; switch to logical markup. Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7050 diff changeset	681 algorithm operates on the \constant{stmt} nodes of the
9dde07a593d8 Add some index entries; switch to logical markup. Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7050 diff changeset	682 \constant{suite} node. The special case of the short form is not
9dde07a593d8 Add some index entries; switch to logical markup. Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7050 diff changeset	683 tested; since there are no \constant{stmt} nodes in the short form,
9dde07a593d8 Add some index entries; switch to logical markup. Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7050 diff changeset	684 the algorithm will silently skip the single \constant{simple_stmt}
9dde07a593d8 Add some index entries; switch to logical markup. Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7050 diff changeset	685 node and correctly not discover any nested definitions.
4132 c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	686
4286 db35d2b93eba (libparser.tex): Revised parser module documentation; improved logical Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 4132 diff changeset	687 Each statement in the code block is categorized as
db35d2b93eba (libparser.tex): Revised parser module documentation; improved logical Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 4132 diff changeset	688 a class definition, function or method definition, or
4132 c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	689 something else. For the definition statements, the name of the
4286 db35d2b93eba (libparser.tex): Revised parser module documentation; improved logical Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 4132 diff changeset	690 element defined is extracted and a representation object
4132 c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	691 appropriate to the definition is created with the defining subtree
c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	692 passed as an argument to the constructor. The repesentation objects
c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	693 are stored in instance variables and may be retrieved by name using
c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	694 the appropriate accessor methods.
c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	695
c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	696 The public classes provide any accessors required which are more
7223 9dde07a593d8 Add some index entries; switch to logical markup. Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7050 diff changeset	697 specific than those provided by the \class{SuiteInfoBase} class, but
4132 c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	698 the real extraction algorithm remains common to all forms of code
c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	699 blocks. A high-level function can be used to extract the complete set
4286 db35d2b93eba (libparser.tex): Revised parser module documentation; improved logical Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 4132 diff changeset	700 of information from a source file. (See file \file{example.py}.)
4132 c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	701
7277 bf4e790bd61a Remove all \bcode / \ecode cruft; this is no longer needed. See previous Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7223 diff changeset	702 \begin{verbatim}
4132 c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	703 def get_docs(fileName):
c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	704 source = open(fileName).read()
c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	705 import os
c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	706 basename = os.path.basename(os.path.splitext(fileName)[0])
c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	707 import parser
c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	708 ast = parser.suite(source)
c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	709 tup = parser.ast2tuple(ast)
c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	710 return ModuleInfo(tup, basename)
7277 bf4e790bd61a Remove all \bcode / \ecode cruft; this is no longer needed. See previous Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7223 diff changeset	711 \end{verbatim}
7809 e580afa1c833 Minor nits. Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7712 diff changeset	712
4132 c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	713 This provides an easy-to-use interface to the documentation of a
c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	714 module. If information is required which is not extracted by the code
c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	715 of this example, the code may be extended at clearly defined points to
c18d52e06238 Final set of changes by Fred before 1.4beta3 Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 4084 diff changeset	716 provide additional capabilities.
4084 7f83e24d1d86 New batch from Fred Guido van Rossum <guido@python.org> parents: 3759 diff changeset	717
7050 90edcb38fb00 Added \label{} to allow module references. Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 6648 diff changeset	718 \begin{seealso}
90edcb38fb00 Added \label{} to allow module references. Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 6648 diff changeset	719
7933 b2adcd73c150 Work around a small (& annoying) limitation of the latex2html support for Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7879 diff changeset	720 \seemodule{symbol}{useful constants representing internal nodes of the
b2adcd73c150 Work around a small (& annoying) limitation of the latex2html support for Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7879 diff changeset	721 parse tree}
7050 90edcb38fb00 Added \label{} to allow module references. Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 6648 diff changeset	722
7933 b2adcd73c150 Work around a small (& annoying) limitation of the latex2html support for Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7879 diff changeset	723 \seemodule{token}{useful constants representing leaf nodes of the
b2adcd73c150 Work around a small (& annoying) limitation of the latex2html support for Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 7879 diff changeset	724 parse tree and functions for testing node values}
7050 90edcb38fb00 Added \label{} to allow module references. Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 6648 diff changeset	725
90edcb38fb00 Added \label{} to allow module references. Fred Drake <fdrake@acm.org> parents: 6648 diff changeset	726 \end{seealso}

Mercurial > cpython-lru_cache-weakref

annotate Doc/lib/libparser.tex @ 10245:bdbfe0ec970f legacy-trunk